. "Marksizm"@pl . . . . . . . . . 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"Marxismo"@eu . . . . . "no"@en . . . . . . "Q7264"@en . . . "Le marxisme est un courant de pens\u00E9e politique, sociologique et \u00E9conomique fond\u00E9 sur les id\u00E9es de Karl Marx (et dans une moindre mesure de Friedrich Engels) et de ses continuateurs. Politiquement, le marxisme repose sur la participation au mouvement r\u00E9el de la lutte des classes, afin de parvenir \u00E0 une soci\u00E9t\u00E9 sans classes sociales, sans patriarcat, d\u00E9mocratique, mettant fin \u00E0 l'Etat et bas\u00E9e sur la propri\u00E9t\u00E9 collective et d\u00E9mocratique des moyens de productions en tant qu'\u00E9tape succ\u00E9dant au capitalisme : le communisme. En effet, Karl Marx consid\u00E8re que \u00AB l\u2019\u00E9mancipation des travailleurs doit \u00EAtre l\u2019\u0153uvre des travailleurs eux-m\u00EAmes \u00BB, donc que c'est par l'action collective que l'organisation \u00E9conomique et sociale peut et doit \u00EAtre chang\u00E9e."@fr . . . "yes"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 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\u043A\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043D \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0433\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0448\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0438 \u043A\u0443\u0440\u0441 \u043D\u0430 \u043F\u043E\u0431\u0443\u0434\u043E\u0432\u0443 \u0441\u043E\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043B\u0456\u0437\u043C\u0443 (\u0430\u0431\u043E \u043A\u043E\u043C\u0443\u043D\u0456\u0437\u043C\u0443) \u0437\u0430 \u043C\u0430\u0440\u043A\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u044E \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043C\u043E\u044E. \u041D\u0430\u0439\u0431\u0456\u043B\u044C\u0448\u0456 \u0437 \u043D\u0438\u0445 \u2014 \u0421\u043E\u044E\u0437 \u0420\u0430\u0434\u044F\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u0421\u043E\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043B\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043F\u0443\u0431\u043B\u0456\u043A \u0442\u0430 \u041A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0430 \u041D\u0430\u0440\u043E\u0434\u043D\u0430 \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043F\u0443\u0431\u043B\u0456\u043A\u0430."@uk . . . . . "Il marxismo \u00E8 una scuola di pensiero sociale, economica e politica basata sulle teorizzazioni di Karl Marx e Friedrich Engels, filosofi tedeschi del XIX secolo, oltre che economisti, sociologi, giornalisti e rivoluzionari socialisti. Nato nella seconda met\u00E0 dell'Ottocento nel contesto europeo della seconda rivoluzione industriale e della questione operaia, ha poi ricevuto nel corso del tempo, specie nel Novecento, notevoli e svariate interpretazioni e derivazioni in forme anche molto distanti dalle formulazioni originarie ed in aperto contrasto tra loro."@it . "Il marxismo \u00E8 una scuola di pensiero sociale, economica e politica basata sulle teorizzazioni di Karl Marx e Friedrich Engels, filosofi tedeschi del XIX secolo, oltre che economisti, sociologi, giornalisti e rivoluzionari socialisti. Nato nella seconda met\u00E0 dell'Ottocento nel contesto europeo della seconda rivoluzione industriale e della questione operaia, ha poi ricevuto nel corso del tempo, specie nel Novecento, notevoli e svariate interpretazioni e derivazioni in forme anche molto distanti dalle formulazioni originarie ed in aperto contrasto tra loro."@it . "\u041C\u0430\u0440\u043A\u0441\u0438\u0301\u0437\u043C \u2014 \u0444\u0438\u043B\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0444\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0435, \u044D\u043A\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0435 \u0438 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0435 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435, \u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u041A\u0430\u0440\u043B\u043E\u043C \u041C\u0430\u0440\u043A\u0441\u043E\u043C \u0438 \u0424\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043E\u043C \u042D\u043D\u0433\u0435\u043B\u044C\u0441\u043E\u043C. \u0421\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044E\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043B\u0438\u0447\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u0438\u043D\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043F\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u041C\u0430\u0440\u043A\u0441\u0430, \u0441\u0432\u044F\u0437\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043B\u0438\u0447\u043D\u044B\u043C\u0438 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u043F\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u044F\u043C\u0438 \u0438 \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F\u043C\u0438 \u0432 \u043E\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u043C\u044B\u0441\u043B\u0438 \u0438 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u043F\u0440\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0435. \u041F\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u043C\u0430\u0440\u043A\u0441\u0438\u0437\u043C \u044F\u0432\u043B\u044F\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u043E\u0434\u043D\u0438\u043C \u0438\u0437 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043D\u0442\u043E\u0432 \u0441\u043E\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0437\u043C\u0430 \u043D\u0430\u0440\u044F\u0434\u0443 \u0441 \u043B\u0435\u0432\u044B\u043C \u0430\u043D\u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0437\u043C\u043E\u043C (\u0441\u043C. \u0421\u043E\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0430\u043D\u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0437\u043C), \u0445\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u043C \u0441\u043E\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0437\u043C\u043E\u043C \u0438 \u043D\u0435 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043D\u0438\u043C\u0430\u044E\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u043C\u0430\u0440\u043A\u0441\u0438\u0437\u043C\u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044C\u044E \u0434\u0435\u043C\u043E\u043A\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0441\u043E\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0437\u043C\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u043E\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043B-\u0434\u0435\u043C\u043E\u043A\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0438."@ru . . . . . . "Marxismus"@cs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Marxism, Communism, and Socialism"@en . . . . . "Marxismus je metoda socioekonomick\u00E9 anal\u00FDzy spojen\u00E9 s ekonomickou, politickou, spole\u010Denskou teori\u00ED a prax\u00ED, vych\u00E1zej\u00EDc\u00ED z u\u010Den\u00ED Karla Marxe a Friedricha Engelse a d\u00E1le rozv\u00EDjen\u00E1 mno\u017Estv\u00EDm jejich n\u00E1sledovn\u00EDk\u016F. Kl\u00ED\u010Dovou roli hraje kniha Kapit\u00E1l (1867), ale i dal\u0161\u00ED Marxovy spisy. Nejv\u011Bt\u0161\u00ED d\u016Fraz p\u0159i zkoum\u00E1n\u00ED spole\u010Dnosti a jej\u00EDho v\u00FDvoje je marxisty kladen na hospod\u00E1\u0159sk\u00E9 faktory, zejm\u00E9na na v\u00FDrobn\u00ED prost\u0159edky a na organizaci pr\u00E1ce prost\u0159ednictv\u00EDm v\u00FDrobn\u00EDch vztah\u016F. Marxistick\u00E1 teze historick\u00E9ho materialismu tvrd\u00ED, \u017Ee ekonomick\u00E1 z\u00E1kladna determinuje politickou a ideologickou nadstavbu. K z\u00E1kladn\u00EDm rys\u016Fm marxistick\u00E9ho my\u0161len\u00ED pat\u0159\u00ED d\u00E1le kritika sm\u011B\u0159ovan\u00E1 v\u016F\u010Di kapitalistick\u00FDm spole\u010Densk\u00FDm uspo\u0159\u00E1d\u00E1n\u00EDm, popisovan\u00FDm marxisty jako nestabiln\u00ED, p\u0159echodn\u00E9, a p\u0159edev\u0161\u00EDm vyko\u0159is\u0165ovatelsk\u00E9 vinou toho, \u017Ee v\u00FDrob"@cs . . . . . . . . "Marxismus"@de . . . . . "El marxisme \u00E9s el conjunt de doctrines pol\u00EDtiques, econ\u00F2miques i filos\u00F2fiques encunyades pels pensadors alemanys Karl Marx i Friedrich Engels. La multitud d'aspectes que aquesta compr\u00E8n fa que pr\u00E0cticament no existeixi branca de les ci\u00E8ncies humanes sense la seva escola de pensament marxista. L'an\u00E0lisi marxista es caracteritza per un enfocament materialista i dial\u00E8ctic del m\u00F3n. L'aplicaci\u00F3 d'aquesta doctrina en el camp del Socialisme inici\u00E0 un nou corrent ideol\u00F2gic anomenat socialisme marxista, que cresqu\u00E9 durant tota la segona meitat del segle xix i s'an\u00E0 situant al poder al llarg del segle xx, tant a trav\u00E9s de les seves m\u00FAltiples versions socialdem\u00F2crates com comunistes."@ca . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Marxismoa langile-klasea burujabetzeko metodo eta teoria politiko bat da. Teoria gisa analisi sozioekonomikoa egiten du, materialismo dialektikoa eta historikoa erabiliz klase sozialak eta gatazka sozialak dialektikoki azaltzeko. Marxismoak langilearen esplotazioa eta alienazioa salatzen du eta klaserik gabeko gizarte baten alde egiten du. Karl Marx eta Friedrich Engels alemaniar filosofoek XIX. mendean egindako lanetan oinarritzen da. Marxismoak erabiltzen duen metodologiari materialismo historiko deritzo, klaseetan oinarritutako gizartea eta kapitalismoa aztertu eta kritikatzeko. Metodologia berdinarekin klase borrokak sistema ekonomiko, sozial eta politikoan duen egitekoa aztertzen du. Teoria marxistaren arabera, gizarte kapitalistan, klase-gatazka sortzen da interes materialak ez direlako berdinak esplotatutako eta zapaldutako proletalgoaren (produktuak eta zerbitzuak sortzen dituen soldatapeko langilea) eta burgesiaren (ekoizpen-bideen jabetza duen bat, bere aberastasuna proletalgoak egiten duen lanaren gainbalioaren apropiazio bidez lortzen duena, mozkinak sortuz) baitan. Klase gatazka hau, normalki, gizarte bateko eta bere matxinada bezala adierazten da. Ondorioz, epe laburreko krisi bat sortzen da burgesia saiatzen denean proletargoak bizi duen alienazioa handitzen, maila ezberdinetako langileen artean. Krisi sakona dagoen garaietan, zapaldutakoaren erresistentziak amai daiteke. Honek garaipena lortuz gero, sozialismoaren ezarpena etorriko da, , bakoitzari bere ekarpenaren araberako banaketa bat eta ezaugarritzat dituen sistema sozioekonomiko bat. Indar produktiboek aurrera egiten badute, Marxen hipotesia da sozialismoa azkenean gizarte komunista batean bilakatzen dela: klaserik gabeko eta estaturik gabeko gizarte bat, eta \"Bakoitzak bere ahalmenaren arabera, bakoitzari bere beharren arabera\" printzipioan antolatuta. Marxismoa hainbat pentsamendu-eskoletan eta adarretan garatu da, eta, beraz, ez dago erabateko teoria marxistarik. Eskola marxista bakoitzak aspektu ezberdinei ematen dio garrantzia, beste batzuk aldatu edo ukatzen dituzten bitartean. Pentsamendu-eskola askok kontzeptu marxistak eta marxistak ez diren beste batzuk konbinatu dituzte, ondorio kontraesankorretara helduz. Beranduago mugimendu bat sortu da proposatzen duena pentsamendu-eskola marxista guztiak bateratzen dituzten kontzeptuak materialismo historikoa eta materialismo dialektikoa direla. Marxismoak akademian inpaktu sakona izan du, eta hainbat esparrutan eragin du, hala nola , antropologia, , politika-jakintza, antzerkigintza, , , ertiaren historia, , , hezkuntza, ekonomia, , , , , , , eta filosofia."@eu . . . . . "\u30DE\u30EB\u30AF\u30B9\u4E3B\u7FA9\uFF08\u30DE\u30EB\u30AF\u30B9\u3057\u3085\u304E\u3001\u30C9\u30A4\u30C4\u8A9E: Marxismus\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u3001\u30AB\u30FC\u30EB\u30FB\u30DE\u30EB\u30AF\u30B9\u3068\u30D5\u30EA\u30FC\u30C9\u30EA\u30D2\u30FB\u30A8\u30F3\u30B2\u30EB\u30B9\u306B\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5C55\u958B\u3055\u308C\u305F\u601D\u60F3\u3092\u30D9\u30FC\u30B9\u3068\u3057\u3066\u78BA\u7ACB\u3055\u308C\u305F\u793E\u4F1A\u4E3B\u7FA9\u601D\u60F3\u4F53\u7CFB\u306E\u4E00\u3064\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002 \u30DE\u30EB\u30AF\u30B9\u4E3B\u7FA9\u306F\u3001\u8CC7\u672C\u3092\u793E\u4F1A\u306E\u5171\u6709\u8CA1\u7523\uFF08\u304D\u3087\u3046\u3086\u3046\u3056\u3044\u3055\u3093\uFF09\u306B\u5909\u3048\u308B\u3053\u3068\u306B\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3001\u52B4\u50CD\u8005\u304C\u8CC7\u672C\u3092\u5897\u6B96\u3059\u308B\u305F\u3081\u3060\u3051\u306B\u751F\u304D\u308B\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8CC3\u52B4\u50CD\u306E\u60B2\u60E8\uFF08\u3072\u3055\u3093\uFF09\u306A\u6027\u8CEA\u3092\u5EC3\u6B62\u3057\u3001\u968E\u7D1A\u306E\u306A\u3044\u5354\u540C\u793E\u4F1A\u3092\u3081\u3056\u3059\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002 \u30A8\u30F3\u30B2\u30EB\u30B9\u306F1883\u5E74\u306B\u300E\u7A7A\u60F3\u304B\u3089\u79D1\u5B66\u3078\u300F\u3092\u51FA\u7248\u3057\u3001\u5F7C\u3084\u30DE\u30EB\u30AF\u30B9\u306E\u601D\u60F3\u3092\u793E\u4F1A\u4E3B\u7FA9\u601D\u60F3\uFF08\u3057\u3083\u304B\u3044\u3057\u3085\u304E\u3057\u305D\u3046\uFF09\u3001\u5F01\u8A3C\u6CD5\u7684\u552F\u7269\u8AD6\uFF08\u3079\u3093\u3057\u3087\u3046\u307B\u3046\u3066\u304D\u3086\u3044\u3076\u3064\u308D\u3093\uFF09\u3001\u8CC7\u672C\u4E3B\u7FA9\u5206\u6790\u306E\u4E09\u3064\u306E\u5206\u91CE\u306B\u5206\u3051\u3066\u89E3\u8AAC\u3057\u305F\u3046\u3048\u3067\u3001\u552F\u7269\u53F2\u89B3\u3068\u5270\u4F59\u4FA1\u5024\u306E\u767A\u898B\u306B\u3088\u3063\u3066\u793E\u4F1A\u4E3B\u7FA9\u306F\u79D1\u5B66\u306B\u306A\u3063\u305F\u3068\u8AAC\u660E\u3057\u305F\u3002\u307E\u305F\u3001\u30EC\u30FC\u30CB\u30F3\u306F1913\u5E74\u306B\u300E\u30DE\u30EB\u30AF\u30B9\u4E3B\u7FA9\u306E\u4E09\u3064\u306E\u6E90\u6CC9\u3068\u4E09\u3064\u306E\u69CB\u6210\u90E8\u5206\u300F\u3092\u66F8\u304D\u3001\u30DE\u30EB\u30AF\u30B9\u4E3B\u7FA9\u306E\u4E09\u3064\u306E\u6E90\u6CC9\u3092\u30C9\u30A4\u30C4\u54F2\u5B66\u3001\u30A4\u30AE\u30EA\u30B9\u7D4C\u6E08\u5B66\u3001\u30D5\u30E9\u30F3\u30B9\u793E\u4F1A\u4E3B\u7FA9\u3068\u3057\u3001\u30DE\u30EB\u30AF\u30B9\u4E3B\u7FA9\u306E\u4E09\u3064\u306E\u69CB\u6210\u90E8\u5206\u3092\u5F01\u8A3C\u6CD5\u7684\u552F\u7269\u8AD6\u3001\u7D4C\u6E08\u5B66\u3001\u793E\u4F1A\u4E3B\u7FA9\u601D\u60F3\u3068\u3057\u305F\u3002"@ja . . . . "Le marxisme est un courant de pens\u00E9e politique, sociologique et \u00E9conomique fond\u00E9 sur les id\u00E9es de Karl Marx (et dans une moindre mesure de Friedrich Engels) et de ses continuateurs. Politiquement, le marxisme repose sur la participation au mouvement r\u00E9el de la lutte des classes, afin de parvenir \u00E0 une soci\u00E9t\u00E9 sans classes sociales, sans patriarcat, d\u00E9mocratique, mettant fin \u00E0 l'Etat et bas\u00E9e sur la propri\u00E9t\u00E9 collective et d\u00E9mocratique des moyens de productions en tant qu'\u00E9tape succ\u00E9dant au capitalisme : le communisme."@fr . . . "115326"^^ . . . . . . "\u30DE\u30EB\u30AF\u30B9\u4E3B\u7FA9"@ja . . . . . . "\uB9C8\uB974\uD06C\uC2A4\uC8FC\uC758"@ko . . . . . . . "no"@en . . "no"@en . . "Marxismo \u00E9 um m\u00E9todo de an\u00E1lise socioecon\u00F4mica sobre as rela\u00E7\u00F5es de classe e conflito social, que utiliza uma interpreta\u00E7\u00E3o materialista do desenvolvimento hist\u00F3rico e uma vis\u00E3o dial\u00E9tica de transforma\u00E7\u00E3o social. A metodologia marxista utiliza inqu\u00E9ritos econ\u00F4micos e sociopol\u00EDticos que se aplicam \u00E0 cr\u00EDtica e an\u00E1lise do desenvolvimento do capitalismo e o papel das lutas de classes na mudan\u00E7a econ\u00F4mica sist\u00EAmica. Na segunda metade do s\u00E9culo XIX, os princ\u00EDpios intelectuais do marxismo foram inspirados por dois fil\u00F3sofos alem\u00E3es: Karl Marx e Friedrich Engels. An\u00E1lises e metodologias marxistas influenciaram v\u00E1rias ideologias pol\u00EDticas e movimentos sociais. O marxismo engloba uma teoria econ\u00F4mica, uma teoria sociol\u00F3gica, um m\u00E9todo filos\u00F3fico e uma vis\u00E3o revolucion\u00E1ria de mudan\u00E7a social. A an\u00E1lise marxista tem sido aplicada a diversos temas e tem sido mal interpretada e modificada durante o curso de seu desenvolvimento, resultando em numerosas e \u00E0s vezes contradit\u00F3rias teorias que caem sob a rubrica de \"marxismo\" ou \"an\u00E1lise marxista\". O marxismo baseia-se em um entendimento materialista do desenvolvimento da sociedade, tendo como ponto de partida as atividades econ\u00F4micas necess\u00E1rias para satisfazer as necessidades materiais da sociedade humana. A forma de organiza\u00E7\u00E3o econ\u00F4mica ou modo de produ\u00E7\u00E3o \u00E9 compreendida como a origem, ou pelo menos uma influ\u00EAncia direta, da maioria dos outros fen\u00F4menos sociais \u2014 incluindo as rela\u00E7\u00F5es sociais, sistemas pol\u00EDticos e jur\u00EDdicos, moralidade e ideologia. Assim, o sistema econ\u00F4mico e as rela\u00E7\u00F5es sociais s\u00E3o chamadas de infraestrutura e superestrutura. \u00C0 medida que as for\u00E7as produtivas (principalmente a tecnologia) melhoraram, as formas existentes de organiza\u00E7\u00E3o social tornam-se ineficientes e asfixiam o progresso. Estas inefici\u00EAncias se manifestam como contradi\u00E7\u00F5es sociais na forma da luta de classes. De acordo com a an\u00E1lise marxista, conflitos de classe dentro do capitalismo surgem devido \u00E0 intensifica\u00E7\u00E3o das contradi\u00E7\u00F5es entre uma produ\u00E7\u00E3o mecanizada e altamente produtiva e a socializa\u00E7\u00E3o realizada pelo proletariado, al\u00E9m da propriedade privada e da apropria\u00E7\u00E3o do produto excedente na forma de mais-valia (lucro) por uma pequena minoria de propriet\u00E1rios privados chamados coletivamente de burguesia. Como a contradi\u00E7\u00E3o torna-se aparente para o proletariado, a agita\u00E7\u00E3o social entre as duas classes antag\u00F4nicas se intensifica, culminando em uma revolu\u00E7\u00E3o social. O eventual resultado a longo prazo dessa revolu\u00E7\u00E3o seria o estabelecimento do socialismo \u2014 um sistema socioecon\u00F4mico baseado na propriedade cooperativa dos meios de produ\u00E7\u00E3o, na distribui\u00E7\u00E3o baseada na contribui\u00E7\u00E3o e produ\u00E7\u00E3o organizada diretamente para o uso. Karl Marx formulou a hip\u00F3tese de que, como as for\u00E7as produtivas e a tecnologia continuam a avan\u00E7ar, o socialismo acabaria por dar lugar a uma fase comunista de desenvolvimento social. O comunismo seria uma sociedade ap\u00E1trida e sem classes, erigida na propriedade comum e no princ\u00EDpio \"de cada qual, segundo sua capacidade; a cada qual, segundo suas necessidades\". O marxismo desenvolveu-se em diferentes ramos e escolas de pensamento. Algumas vertentes colocam uma maior \u00EAnfase em determinados aspectos do marxismo cl\u00E1ssico, enquanto rejeitam ou tiram a \u00EAnfase de outros aspectos do marxismo, \u00E0s vezes combinando a an\u00E1lise marxista com conceitos n\u00E3o marxistas. Outras variantes do marxismo veem algumas de suas caracter\u00EDsticas como uma for\u00E7a determinante no desenvolvimento social \u2014 como o modo de produ\u00E7\u00E3o, de classe, rela\u00E7\u00F5es de poder ou propriedade \u2014 enquanto discutem outros aspectos como menos importantes ou irrelevantes. Apesar de compartilhar premissas semelhantes, as diferentes escolas de pensamento do marxismo podem chegar a conclus\u00F5es contradit\u00F3rias entre si. Por exemplo, diferentes economistas marxistas t\u00EAm explica\u00E7\u00F5es contradit\u00F3rias de crise econ\u00F4mica e previs\u00F5es diferentes para o resultado de tais crises. Al\u00E9m disso, diferentes variantes do marxismo aplicam a an\u00E1lise marxista para estudar diferentes aspectos da sociedade (por exemplo, crises econ\u00F4micas ou feminismo). Estas diferen\u00E7as te\u00F3ricas levaram v\u00E1rios partidos socialistas e comunistas e movimentos pol\u00EDticos a adotar diferentes estrat\u00E9gias pol\u00EDticas para alcan\u00E7ar o socialismo e defender diferentes programas e pol\u00EDticas entre si. Um exemplo disso \u00E9 a divis\u00E3o entre socialistas revolucion\u00E1rios e reformistas que surgiram no Partido Social-Democrata Alem\u00E3o (SPD) durante o in\u00EDcio do s\u00E9culo XX. Da mesma forma, embora os bolcheviques da R\u00FAssia terem declarado o leninismo e, posteriormente, o marxismo-leninismo como o \u00FAnico desenvolvimento leg\u00EDtimo do marxismo, os mencheviques e muitos outros sociais-democratas em todo o mundo considerou-os desvios totalit\u00E1rios. Depois do marxismo-leninismo, surgiria o marxismo-leninismo-maoismo, formalizado pelo Partido Comunista do Peru-Sendero Luminoso, e do marxismo-leninismo-maoismo, o marxismo-leninismo-maoismo-Pensamento Gonzalo se desenvolveria. As compreens\u00F5es marxistas da hist\u00F3ria e da sociedade t\u00EAm sido adotadas por acad\u00EAmicos nas disciplinas de arqueologia e antropologia, estudos midi\u00E1ticos, ci\u00EAncia pol\u00EDtica e filosofia."@pt . . . "no"@en . "1124525826"^^ . . . . . . . "\u99AC\u514B\u601D\u4E3B\u7FA9\uFF08\u5FB7\u8A9E\uFF1AMarxismus\uFF09\u662F\u4E00\u7A2E\u4EE5\u6B77\u53F2\u552F\u7269\u4E3B\u7FA9\u3001\u8FAF\u8B49\u6CD5\u548C\u5C0D\u8CC7\u672C\u4E3B\u7FA9\u7684\u6279\u5224\u6240\u767C\u5C55\u800C\u51FA\u7684\u7D93\u6FDF\u3001\u653F\u6CBB\u548C\u793E\u6703\u4E16\u754C\u89C0\u3002\u572819\u4E16\u7D00\u4E2D\u5F8C\u671F\uFF0C\u5361\u723E\u00B7\u99AC\u514B\u601D\u548C\u5F17\u91CC\u5FB7\u91CC\u5E0C\u00B7\u6069\u683C\u65AF\u5EFA\u69CB\u51FA\u4E86\u99AC\u514B\u601D\u4E3B\u7FA9\u7684\u7406\u8AD6\u67B6\u69CB\u3002\u4EE5\u99AC\u514B\u601D\u4E3B\u7FA9\u4F5C\u70BA\u6839\u57FA\u6216\u65B9\u6CD5\u8AD6\u7684\u5BEB\u4F5C\u5C0D\u73FE\u4EE3\u7684\u653F\u6CBB\u54F2\u5B78\u548C\u793E\u6703\u904B\u52D5\u7522\u751F\u91CD\u5927\u800C\u5EE3\u6CDB\u7684\u5F71\u97FF\uFF0C\u5305\u542B\u4E86\u5176\u72EC\u7279\u7684\u54F2\u5B78\u3001\u793E\u6703\u5B78\u3001\u653F\u6CBB\u7D93\u6FDF\u5B78\u4EE5\u53CA\u9769\u547D\u610F\u8B58\u5F62\u614B\u3002\u5C0D\u65BC\u99AC\u514B\u601D\u4E3B\u7FA9\u7684\u7406\u8AD6\u4E26\u6C92\u6709\u4E00\u5957\u7D71\u4E00\u7684\u5B9A\u7FA9\uFF0C\u4E5F\u56E0\u6B64\u5B83\u5728\u773E\u591A\u7684\u9818\u57DF\u548C\u984C\u6750\u4E0A\u51FA\u73FE\u591A\u5143\u7684\u767C\u5C55\uFF0C\u5C0E\u81F4\u5176\u9580\u4E0B\u5305\u542B\u773E\u591A\u660E\u986F\u5C0D\u7ACB\u751A\u81F3\u4E92\u76F8\u885D\u7A81\u7684\u7406\u8AD6\u3002 \u99AC\u514B\u601D\u4E3B\u7FA9\u54F2\u5B66\u4EE5\u552F\u7269\u4E3B\u7FA9\u7684\u7ACB\u5834\u6AA2\u8996\u793E\u6703\u7684\u767C\u5C55\uFF0C\u8A8D\u70BA\u4EBA\u985E\u793E\u6703\u662F\u67B6\u69CB\u5728\u5176\u8CF4\u4EE5\u4E3A\u751F\u7684\u7D93\u6FDF\u6D3B\u52D5\u4E0A\u3002\u7D93\u6FDF\u7D44\u7E54\u7684\u67B6\u69CB\u548C\u751F\u7522\u6A21\u5F0F\u88AB\u8996\u70BA\u662F\u4EBA\u8207\u4EBA\u4E4B\u9593\u7684\u793E\u6703\u3001\u653F\u6CBB\u3001\u6CD5\u5F8B\u3001\u548C\u9053\u5FB7\u95DC\u4FC2\u7684\u6839\u672C\u4F86\u6E90\uFF08\u6216\u81F3\u5C11\u767C\u63EE\u4E86\u4E3B\u8981\u7684\u5F71\u97FF\uFF09\uFF0C\u9019\u4E9B\u793E\u6703\u95DC\u4FC2\u9032\u800C\u69CB\u6210\u4E86\u99AC\u514B\u601D\u6240\u8B02\u7684\u4E0A\u5C64\u5EFA\u7BC9\u3002\u96A8\u8457\u751F\u7522\u6A21\u5F0F\u7684\u9032\u6B65\uFF0C\u65E2\u6709\u7684\u793E\u6703\u7D44\u7E54\u548C\u95DC\u4FC2\u8B8A\u5F97\u6C92\u6709\u6548\u7387\u4E26\u4E14\u8207\u7D93\u6FDF\u6D3B\u52D5\u7522\u751F\u885D\u7A81\uFF0C\u9019\u7A2E\u885D\u7A81\u9032\u800C\u767C\u5C55\u70BA\u968E\u7D1A\u9B25\u722D\u3002\u4F9D\u64DA\u99AC\u514B\u601D\u4E3B\u7FA9\u7684\u5206\u6790\uFF0C\u7531\u7121\u7522\u968E\u7D1A\u52DE\u52D5\u64CD\u4F5C\u7684\u9AD8\u6548\u7387\u6A5F\u68B0\u5316\u751F\u7522\u6A21\u5F0F\uFF0C\u5728\u751F\u7522\u904E\u7A0B\u4E2D\u66FF\u5C11\u6578\u6301\u6709\u751F\u7522\u5DE5\u5177\u7684\u8CC7\u7522\u968E\u7D1A\u7522\u751F\u4E86\u5269\u9918\u7522\u54C1\u4E26\u6210\u70BA\u5269\u9918\u50F9\u503C\uFF0C\u6B64\u7A2E\u525D\u524A\u95DC\u4FC2\u9032\u800C\u8F49\u5316\u4E3A\u6839\u672C\u6027\u7684\u77DB\u76FE\uFF0C\u96A8\u8457\u77DB\u76FE\u7684\u64F4\u5927\uFF0C\u793E\u6703\u7684\u9769\u547D\u5FC5\u5C07\u767C\u751F\u3002\u99AC\u514B\u601D\u4E3B\u7FA9\u9810\u8A00\u793E\u6703\u4E3B\u7FA9\u6703\u5F9E\u9769\u547D\u4E2D\u7522\u751F\uFF0C\u4E26\u5C07\u751F\u7522\u5DE5\u5177\u6B78\u9084\u5230\u96C6\u9AD4\u7684\u624B\u4E0A\uFF0C\u4F9D\u64DA\u6BCF\u500B\u4EBA\u7684\u300C\u5BE6\u969B\u52DE\u52D5\u300D\u5206\u767C\u5229\u6F64\uFF0C\u4E26\u4E14\u4F9D\u64DA\u300C\u9700\u6C42\u300D\u800C\u975E\u5229\u6F64\u898F\u5283\u751F\u7522\u3002\u99AC\u514B\u601D\u4E26\u4E14\u7A31\u5728\u793E\u6703\u4E3B\u7FA9\u4E4B\u5F8C\uFF0C\u5171\u7522\u4E3B\u7FA9\u5C07\u6703\u8A95\u751F\uFF0C\u4EE5\u5404\u76E1\u6240\u80FD\u3001\u5404\u53D6\u6240\u9700\u70BA\u751F\u7522\u6A21\u5F0F\uFF0C\u6210\u70BA\u4E00\u500B\u7121\u968E\u7D1A\u3001\u7121\u570B\u754C\u3001\u7121\u8CA8\u5E63\u3001\u7121\u79C1\u4EBA\u7522\u6B0A\u7684\u793E\u6703\u3002\u99AC\u514B\u601D\u4E3B\u7FA9\u767C\u5C55\u70BA\u773E\u591A\u7684\u5206\u652F\u548C\u6D41\u6D3E\uFF0C\u4E0D\u540C\u7684\u6D41\u6D3E\u5C0D\u65BC\u53E4\u5178\u99AC\u514B\u601D\u4E3B\u7FA9\u7684\u8AD6\u9EDE\u5F80\u5F80\u6709\u4E0D\u540C\u89E3\u8B80\u548C\u8457\u91CD\u8655\uFF0C\u6709\u6642\u4E5F\u6703\u878D\u5408\u975E\u99AC\u514B\u601D\u4E3B\u7FA9\u7684\u6982\u5FF5\uFF0C\u7531\u65BC\u9019\u4E9B\u7406\u8AD6\u65B9\u6CD5\u4E0A\u7684\u5DEE\u7570\uFF0C\u773E\u591A\u99AC\u514B\u601D\u4E3B\u7FA9\u6D41\u6D3E\u9664\u4E86\u5C0D\u8CC7\u672C\u4E3B\u7FA9\u7D93\u6FDF\u7684\u6279\u5224\u614B\u5EA6\u4E00\u81F4\u4EE5\u5916\uFF0C\u4E26\u6C92\u6709\u65E2\u5B9A\u7684\u7406\u8AD6\u6846\u67B6\u548C\u7814\u7A76\u65B9\u6CD5\u3002\u4E5F\u56E0\u6B64\uFF0C\u773E\u591A\u5F9E\u99AC\u514B\u601D\u4E3B\u7FA9\u884D\u751F\u7684\u653F\u6CBB\u54F2\u5B78\uFF0C\u5728\u8FFD\u6C42\u793E\u6703\u4E3B\u7FA9\u4E0A\u6240\u63A1\u53D6\u7684\u7B56\u7565\u5E38\u5927\u4E0D\u76F8\u540C\u3002"@zh . . "Is modh anail\u00EDse socheacnama\u00EDoch \u00E9 an Marxachas a \u00FAs\u00E1ideann l\u00E9irmh\u00EDni\u00FA \u00E1bhara\u00EDoch ar fhorbairt stairi\u00FAil, ar a dtugtar de ghn\u00E1th \u00E1bharachas stairi\u00FAil, chun caidreamh aicme agus coimhlint sh\u00F3isialta a thuiscint chomh maith le peirspict\u00EDocht dhialachtaici\u00FAil chun tarfhoirmithe sh\u00F3isialta a fheiscint. Eascra\u00EDonn s\u00E9 as saothair na bhfeals\u00FAna Gearm\u00E1nacha \u00F3n 19\u00FA haois Karl Marx agus Friedrich Engels . De r\u00E9ir mar a d\u2019fhorbair an Marxachas le himeacht ama ina bhrains\u00ED agus ina scoileanna smaointeoireachta \u00E9ags\u00FAla, n\u00EDl aon teoiric dheimhneach Mharxach ann faoi l\u00E1thair."@ga . . . "Society does not consist of individuals, but expresses the sum of interrelations, the relations within which these individuals stand."@en . . . . . . "right"@en . . . . . "\u30DE\u30EB\u30AF\u30B9\u4E3B\u7FA9\uFF08\u30DE\u30EB\u30AF\u30B9\u3057\u3085\u304E\u3001\u30C9\u30A4\u30C4\u8A9E: Marxismus\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u3001\u30AB\u30FC\u30EB\u30FB\u30DE\u30EB\u30AF\u30B9\u3068\u30D5\u30EA\u30FC\u30C9\u30EA\u30D2\u30FB\u30A8\u30F3\u30B2\u30EB\u30B9\u306B\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5C55\u958B\u3055\u308C\u305F\u601D\u60F3\u3092\u30D9\u30FC\u30B9\u3068\u3057\u3066\u78BA\u7ACB\u3055\u308C\u305F\u793E\u4F1A\u4E3B\u7FA9\u601D\u60F3\u4F53\u7CFB\u306E\u4E00\u3064\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002 \u30DE\u30EB\u30AF\u30B9\u4E3B\u7FA9\u306F\u3001\u8CC7\u672C\u3092\u793E\u4F1A\u306E\u5171\u6709\u8CA1\u7523\uFF08\u304D\u3087\u3046\u3086\u3046\u3056\u3044\u3055\u3093\uFF09\u306B\u5909\u3048\u308B\u3053\u3068\u306B\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3001\u52B4\u50CD\u8005\u304C\u8CC7\u672C\u3092\u5897\u6B96\u3059\u308B\u305F\u3081\u3060\u3051\u306B\u751F\u304D\u308B\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8CC3\u52B4\u50CD\u306E\u60B2\u60E8\uFF08\u3072\u3055\u3093\uFF09\u306A\u6027\u8CEA\u3092\u5EC3\u6B62\u3057\u3001\u968E\u7D1A\u306E\u306A\u3044\u5354\u540C\u793E\u4F1A\u3092\u3081\u3056\u3059\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002 \u30A8\u30F3\u30B2\u30EB\u30B9\u306F1883\u5E74\u306B\u300E\u7A7A\u60F3\u304B\u3089\u79D1\u5B66\u3078\u300F\u3092\u51FA\u7248\u3057\u3001\u5F7C\u3084\u30DE\u30EB\u30AF\u30B9\u306E\u601D\u60F3\u3092\u793E\u4F1A\u4E3B\u7FA9\u601D\u60F3\uFF08\u3057\u3083\u304B\u3044\u3057\u3085\u304E\u3057\u305D\u3046\uFF09\u3001\u5F01\u8A3C\u6CD5\u7684\u552F\u7269\u8AD6\uFF08\u3079\u3093\u3057\u3087\u3046\u307B\u3046\u3066\u304D\u3086\u3044\u3076\u3064\u308D\u3093\uFF09\u3001\u8CC7\u672C\u4E3B\u7FA9\u5206\u6790\u306E\u4E09\u3064\u306E\u5206\u91CE\u306B\u5206\u3051\u3066\u89E3\u8AAC\u3057\u305F\u3046\u3048\u3067\u3001\u552F\u7269\u53F2\u89B3\u3068\u5270\u4F59\u4FA1\u5024\u306E\u767A\u898B\u306B\u3088\u3063\u3066\u793E\u4F1A\u4E3B\u7FA9\u306F\u79D1\u5B66\u306B\u306A\u3063\u305F\u3068\u8AAC\u660E\u3057\u305F\u3002\u307E\u305F\u3001\u30EC\u30FC\u30CB\u30F3\u306F1913\u5E74\u306B\u300E\u30DE\u30EB\u30AF\u30B9\u4E3B\u7FA9\u306E\u4E09\u3064\u306E\u6E90\u6CC9\u3068\u4E09\u3064\u306E\u69CB\u6210\u90E8\u5206\u300F\u3092\u66F8\u304D\u3001\u30DE\u30EB\u30AF\u30B9\u4E3B\u7FA9\u306E\u4E09\u3064\u306E\u6E90\u6CC9\u3092\u30C9\u30A4\u30C4\u54F2\u5B66\u3001\u30A4\u30AE\u30EA\u30B9\u7D4C\u6E08\u5B66\u3001\u30D5\u30E9\u30F3\u30B9\u793E\u4F1A\u4E3B\u7FA9\u3068\u3057\u3001\u30DE\u30EB\u30AF\u30B9\u4E3B\u7FA9\u306E\u4E09\u3064\u306E\u69CB\u6210\u90E8\u5206\u3092\u5F01\u8A3C\u6CD5\u7684\u552F\u7269\u8AD6\u3001\u7D4C\u6E08\u5B66\u3001\u793E\u4F1A\u4E3B\u7FA9\u601D\u60F3\u3068\u3057\u305F\u3002"@ja . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Category:Marxism"@en . . . . "\u2014 Cuban revolutionary and Marxist\u2013Leninist politician Fidel Castro on discovering Marxism, 2009"@en . . . . . . "( \uB9D1\uC2DC\uC998\uC740 \uC5EC\uAE30\uB85C \uC5F0\uACB0\uB429\uB2C8\uB2E4. \uD55C\uAD6D\uC758 \uB9C8\uB974\uD06C\uC2A4\uC8FC\uC758 \uD559\uC220\uB300\uD68C\uC5D0 \uB300\uD574\uC11C\uB294 \uB9D1\uC2DC\uC998 (\uD589\uC0AC) \uBB38\uC11C\uB97C \uCC38\uACE0\uD558\uC2ED\uC2DC\uC624.) \uB9C8\uB974\uD06C\uC2A4\uC8FC\uC758(\uBB38\uD654\uC5B4: \uB9D1\uC2A4\uC8FC\uC758, \uB3C5\uC77C\uC5B4: Marxismus, \uB7EC\uC2DC\uC544\uC5B4: \u041C\u0430\u0440\u043A\u0441\u0438\u0437\u043C) \uB610\uB294 \uB9C8\uB974\uD06C\uC2DC\uC998(\uC601\uC5B4: Marxism) \uD639\uC740 \uC5E5\uAC94\uC2A4\uC2DD \uD45C\uD604\uC73C\uB85C \uACFC\uD559\uC801 \uC0AC\uD68C\uC8FC\uC758\uB294 \uC0AC\uD68C \uACC4\uAE09\uC758 \uAD00\uACC4\uC640 \uC0AC\uD68C\uC801 \uCDA9\uB3CC\uC5D0 \uCD08\uC810\uC744 \uB454 \uC0AC\uD68C\uC801 \uBD84\uC11D\uC758 \uBC29\uBC95\uC774\uC790 \uC138\uACC4\uAD00\uC778\uB370, \uC5ED\uC0AC\uC804\uAC1C\uB97C \uC720\uBB3C\uC0AC\uAD00\uB860\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uD574\uC11D\uD558\uBA70, \uC0AC\uD68C \uBCC0\uB3D9\uC744 \uBCC0\uC99D\uBC95\uC801 \uACAC\uD574\uB85C \uD574\uC11D\uD55C\uB2E4. \uB9C8\uB974\uD06C\uC2A4\uC8FC\uC758 \uBC29\uBC95\uB860\uC740 \uACBD\uC81C \uBC0F \uC0AC\uD68C\uC815\uCE58\uC801 \uD0D0\uAD6C\uB97C \uD558\uACE0 \uC774\uB97C \uC790\uBCF8\uC8FC\uC758 \uC804\uAC1C\uC5D0 \uB300\uD55C \uBD84\uC11D \uBC0F \uBE44\uD3C9\uACFC \uCCB4\uC81C\uC0C1\uC758 \uACBD\uC81C \uBCC0\uD654\uB0B4\uC758 \uACC4\uAE09 \uD22C\uC7C1\uC758 \uC5ED\uD560\uC5D0 \uC801\uC6A9\uD55C\uB2E4. 19\uC138\uAE30 \uC911\uD6C4\uBC18 \uB9C8\uB974\uD06C\uC2A4\uC8FC\uC758\uC758 \uC9C0\uC801 \uAD50\uB9AC\uB294 \uB450 \uB3C5\uC77C \uCCA0\uD559\uC790\uB4E4\u2014\uCE74\uB97C \uB9C8\uB974\uD06C\uC2A4\uC640 \uD504\uB9AC\uB4DC\uB9AC\uD788 \uC5E5\uAC94\uC2A4\u2014\uC5D0\uC11C \uC0AC\uC0C1\uC758 \uC601\uAC10\uC744 \uBC1B\uC558\uB2E4. \uB9C8\uB974\uD06C\uC2A4\uC8FC\uC758\uC801 \uBD84\uC11D\uACFC \uBC29\uBC95\uB860\uB4E4\uC740 \uB2E4\uC218\uC758 \uC815\uCE58 \uC774\uB860\uACFC \uC0AC\uD68C\uC6B4\uB3D9\uC5D0 \uC601\uD5A5\uC744 \uC8FC\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uB9C8\uB974\uD06C\uC2A4\uC8FC\uC758\uB294 \uB9C8\uB974\uD06C\uC2A4 \uACBD\uC81C\uD559, \uB9C8\uB974\uD06C\uC2A4\uC8FC\uC758 \uC0AC\uD68C\uD559, \uC815\uCE58\uC801\uC778 (Marx's method) \uBC0F \uC0AC\uD68C \uBCC0\uD654\uC5D0 \uB300\uD55C \uD601\uBA85\uC801 \uC0AC\uD68C\uC8FC\uC758(revolutionary socialism) \uAD00\uC810\uC744 \uC218\uBC18\uD55C\uB2E4. \uB9C8\uB974\uD06C\uC2A4\uC8FC\uC758\uC5D0 \uB300\uD55C \uD655\uC815\uC801\uC778 \uB2E8\uC77C \uC774\uB860\uC740 \uC5C6\uB2E4. \uB9C8\uB974\uD06C\uC2A4\uC8FC\uC758\uC801 \uBD84\uC11D\uC740 \uB2E4\uC591\uD55C \uC8FC\uC81C\uC5D0 \uC801\uC6A9\uB418\uC5C8\uACE0, \uBC1C\uB2EC \uACFC\uC815 \uB3D9\uC548 \uC624\uD574\uB97C \uBC1B\uACE0 \uC218\uC815\uB418\uC5B4 \uB9C8\uB974\uD06C\uC2A4\uC8FC\uC758\uB098 \uB9C8\uB974\uD06C\uC2A4\uC801 \uBD84\uC11D \uBC11\uC5D0 \uB4E4\uC5B4\uAC00\uB294 \uB54C\uB85C\uB294 \uC218\uB9CE\uC740 \uBAA8\uC21C\uB418\uB294 \uC774\uB860\uB4E4\uC744 \uB9CC\uB4E4\uC5B4 \uB0C8\uB2E4. \uC2DC\uC791\uC810\uC73C\uB85C\uC11C \uD544\uC694\uD55C \uACBD\uC81C\uD65C\uB3D9\uC744 \uC778\uAC04 \uC0AC\uD68C\uC758 \uBB3C\uC9C8\uC801\uC778 \uD544\uC694\uB97C \uCDA9\uC871\uD558\uAE30 \uC704\uD574 \uC694\uAD6C\uB418\uB294 \uAC83\uC73C\uB85C \uBC1B\uC544\uB4E4\uC774\uBA74\uC11C, \uB9C8\uB974\uD06C\uC2A4\uC8FC\uC758\uB294 \uC0AC\uD68C\uC804\uAC1C\uC5D0 \uB300\uD55C \uC720\uBB3C\uB860\uC801\uC778 \uC774\uD574\uC5D0 \uBC14\uD0D5\uC744 \uB454\uB2E4. \uACBD\uC81C \uAE30\uAD6C\uB098 \uC0DD\uC0B0 \uC591\uC2DD(mode of production)\uC758 \uD615\uD0DC\uB294 \uC0AC\uD68C\uC801 \uAD00\uACC4, \uC815\uCE58 \uBC0F \uBC95 \uCCB4\uACC4, \uB3C4\uB355 \uBC0F \uC774\uC0C1\uC744 \uD3EC\uD568\uD558\uBA74\uC11C \uB300\uBD80\uBD84\uC758 \uB2E4\uB978 \uC0AC\uD68C \uD604\uC0C1\uC744 \uC77C\uC73C\uD0A4\uAC70\uB098 \uC801\uC5B4\uB3C4 \uC9C1\uC811\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uC601\uD5A5\uC744 \uB07C\uCE58\uB294 \uAC83\uC73C\uB85C \uC774\uD574\uB41C\uB2E4. \uADF8\uB7EC\uBBC0\uB85C \uACBD\uC81C \uC2DC\uC2A4\uD15C\uACFC \uC0AC\uD68C \uAD00\uACC4\uB294 \uD1A0\uB300\uC640 \uC0C1\uBD80\uAD6C\uC870(base and superstructure)\uB85C \uBD88\uB9B0\uB2E4. \uC0DD\uC0B0\uB825(forces of production)(\uD2B9\uD788 \uB300\uBD80\uBD84 \uAE30\uC220\uB825)\uC774 \uD5A5\uC0C1\uB418\uBA74\uC11C \uC874\uC7AC\uD558\uB294 \uC0AC\uD68C \uAE30\uAD6C\uB4E4\uC740 \uBE44\uD6A8\uC728\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uBCC0\uD558\uBA70 \uC9C4\uBCF4\uB97C \uC5B5\uC555\uD55C\uB2E4. \uC774\uB7EC\uD55C \uBE44\uD6A8\uC728\uC131\uB4E4\uC740 \uACC4\uAE09 \uD22C\uC7C1 \uD615\uD0DC\uC758 \uC0AC\uD68C\uC801 \uBAA8\uC21C\uC73C\uB85C \uBAA8\uC2B5\uC744 \uB4DC\uB7EC\uB0B8\uB2E4. \uB9C8\uB974\uD06C\uC2A4\uC8FC\uC758\uC801 \uBD84\uC11D\uC5D0 \uC758\uD558\uBA74, \uC790\uBCF8\uC8FC\uC758 \uB0B4\uC758 \uACC4\uAE09 \uCDA9\uB3CC\uC740 \uD504\uB864\uB808\uD0C0\uB9AC\uC544\uB4E4\uC774 \uD589\uD55C \uB9E4\uC6B0 \uC0DD\uC0B0\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uAE30\uACC4\uD654\uB418\uACE0 \uACFC \uC801\uC740 \uC18C\uC218\uC758 \uBD80\uB974\uC8FC\uC544\uC9C0\uC758 \uC789\uC5EC \uAC00\uCE58\uC778 \uC789\uC5EC \uC0DD\uC0B0\uBB3C\uC758 \uC0AC\uC801 \uC18C\uC720\uC640 \uC720\uC6A9\uC73C\uB85C \uACA9\uC2EC\uD574\uC9C0\uB294 \uBAA8\uC21C\uB54C\uBB38\uC5D0 \uC77C\uC5B4\uB09C\uB2E4. \uD504\uB864\uB808\uD0C0\uB9AC\uC544\uC5D0\uAC8C \uBAA8\uC21C\uC774 \uBA85\uBC31\uD574\uC9C0\uBA74\uC11C \uB450 \uC801\uB300\uC801\uC778 \uACC4\uAE09 \uC0AC\uC774\uC758 \uC0AC\uD68C\uC801 \uBD88\uB9CC\uC774 \uACA9\uC2EC\uD574\uC9C0\uBA70, \uC0AC\uD68C \uD601\uBA85\uC73C\uB85C \uC815\uC810\uC5D0 \uC774\uB974\uAC8C \uB41C\uB2E4. \uACB0\uAD6D \uC774 \uAC1C\uD601\uC758 \uC7A5\uAE30\uC801 \uACB0\uACFC\uB294 \uC0AC\uD68C\uC8FC\uC758\uC758 \uD655\uB9BD, \uC989 \uC0DD\uC0B0\uC218\uB2E8\uC758 \uD611\uB3D9 \uC18C\uC720\uC5D0 \uBC14\uD0D5\uC744 \uB454 \uC0AC\uD68C\uACBD\uC81C\uC801 \uC2DC\uC2A4\uD15C, \uAE30\uC5EC\uC5D0 \uAE30\uCD08\uD55C \uBD84\uBC30 \uBC0F \uC0AC\uC6A9\uC744 \uC704\uD574 \uC9C1\uC811\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uC870\uC9C1\uB41C \uC0DD\uC0B0\uC774 \uB418\uACA0\uB2E4. \uCE7C \uB9C8\uB974\uD06C\uC2A4\uB294 \uC0DD\uC0B0\uB825\uACFC \uAE30\uC220\uC774 \uACC4\uC18D\uD574\uC11C \uC9C4\uBCF4\uD568\uC5D0 \uB530\uB77C \uC0AC\uD68C\uC8FC\uC758\uAC00 \uACB0\uAD6D \uC0AC\uD68C \uBC1C\uB2EC\uC774\uB77C\uB294 \uACF5\uC0B0\uC8FC\uC758 \uB2E8\uACC4\uC5D0 \uBB34\uB108\uC9C0\uB9AC\uB77C \uAC00\uC815\uD588\uB2E4. \uACF5\uC0B0\uC8FC\uC758\uB294 \uACC4\uAE09, \uAD6D\uAC00\uAC00 \uC0AC\uB77C\uC9C0\uACE0 \"\uB2A5\uB825\uC5D0 \uB530\uB978 \uAC1C\uC778\uC5D0\uC11C \uD544\uC694\uC5D0 \uB530\uB978 \uAC1C\uC778\uC73C\uB85C(From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs)\"\uC758 \uC6D0\uCE59\uACFC \uACF5\uB3D9\uC18C\uC720 \uC704\uC5D0 \uC138\uC6CC\uC9C4 \uC778\uAC04 \uC0AC\uD68C\uAC00 \uB420 \uAC83\uC774\uB2E4. \uB9C8\uB974\uD06C\uC2A4\uC8FC\uC758\uB294 \uC0AC\uC0C1\uC5D0 \uB300\uD55C \uB2E4\uB978 \uBD84\uD30C\uC640 \uD559\uD30C\uB4E4\uB85C \uBC1C\uC804\uD588\uB2E4. \uAC01\uAE30 \uB2E4\uB978 \uD559\uD30C\uB4E4\uC740 \uACE0\uC804 \uB9C8\uB974\uD06C\uC2A4\uC8FC\uC758(classical marxism)\uC758 \uD2B9\uC815\uD55C \uBA74\uC744 \uD06C\uAC8C \uAC15\uC870\uD558\uB294 \uBC18\uBA74 \uB9C8\uB974\uD06C\uC2A4\uC8FC\uC758\uC758 \uB2E4\uB978 \uBA74\uC740 \uAC15\uC870\uD558\uC9C0 \uC54A\uAC70\uB098 \uAC70\uBD80\uD558\uBA70 \uB54C\uB85C\uB294 \uB9C8\uB974\uD06C\uC2A4\uC8FC\uC758\uC801 \uBD84\uC11D\uC744 \uBE44\uB9C8\uB974\uD06C\uC2A4\uC801 \uAC1C\uB150\uACFC \uACB0\uD569\uD558\uAE30\uB3C4 \uD55C\uB2E4. \uB9C8\uB974\uD06C\uC2A4\uC8FC\uC758\uC758 \uBA87\uBA87 \uBCC0\uD615\uCCB4\uB4E4\uC740 \uC8FC\uB85C \uB9C8\uB974\uD06C\uC2A4\uC8FC\uC758\uC758 \uD55C \uBD80\uBD84\uC744 \uC0AC\uD68C \uBC1C\uC804\uC758 \uACB0\uC815\uC801\uC778 \uD798\uC73C\uB85C \uBCF4\uACE0 \uCD08\uC810\uC744 \uB9DE\uCD98\uB2E4. \uC774\uB97C\uD14C\uBA74 \uC0DD\uC0B0\uC591\uC2DD, \uACC4\uAE09, \uD798\uC758 \uAD00\uACC4 \uB610\uB294 \uC7AC\uC0B0 \uC18C\uC720\uC640 \uAC19\uC740 \uAC83\uB4E4\uC774 \uC788\uB2E4. \uBC18\uBA74\uC5D0 \uB2E4\uB978 \uBA74\uB4E4\uC740 \uB35C \uC911\uC694\uD558\uB2E4\uAC70\uB098 \uD604\uC7AC\uC758 \uC5F0\uAD6C\uB294 \uC0C1\uAD00\uC5C6\uB2E4\uACE0 \uC8FC\uC7A5\uD55C\uB2E4. \uBE44\uC2B7\uD55C \uC804\uC81C\uB97C \uACF5\uC720\uD568\uC5D0\uB3C4 \uBD88\uAD6C\uD558\uACE0 \uB9C8\uB974\uD06C\uC2A4\uC8FC\uC758\uC758 \uB2E4\uB978 \uD559\uD30C\uB294 \uC11C\uB85C \uB2E4\uB978 \uBAA8\uC21C\uB41C \uACB0\uACFC\uC5D0 \uC774\uB97C \uC218\uAC00 \uC788\uB2E4. \uADF8 \uC0AC\uB840\uB85C \uC11C\uB85C \uB2E4\uB978 \uB9C8\uB974\uD06C\uC2A4 \uACBD\uC81C\uD559\uC790\uB4E4\uC758 \uACBD\uC81C \uACF5\uD669\uC5D0 \uB300\uD55C \uC124\uBA85\uB4E4\uC774 \uBAA8\uC21C\uB418\uACE0 \uADF8\uB7EC\uD55C \uACF5\uD669\uC5D0 \uB300\uD55C \uB2E4\uB978 \uC608\uC0C1\uC744 \uD558\uB294 \uAC78 \uB4E4 \uC218 \uC788\uB2E4. \uAC8C\uB2E4\uAC00 \uB9C8\uB974\uD06C\uC2A4\uC8FC\uC758\uC758 \uB2E4\uB978 \uBCC0\uD615\uCCB4\uB4E4\uC740 \uC0AC\uD68C\uC758 \uB2E4\uB978 \uBA74\uB4E4\uC744 \uC5F0\uAD6C\uD558\uAE30 \uC704\uD574 \uB9C8\uB974\uD06C\uC2A4\uC8FC\uC758\uC801 \uBD84\uC11D\uC744 \uC801\uC6A9\uD55C\uB2E4( \uC608: \uB300\uC911 \uBB38\uD654, \uACBD\uC81C \uACF5\uD669, \uB610\uB294 \uD398\uBBF8\uB2C8\uC998) \uC774\uB7EC\uD55C \uC774\uB860\uC801 \uCC28\uC774\uB4E4\uC740 \uB2E4\uC591\uD55C \uC0AC\uD68C\uC8FC\uC758 \uBC0F \uACF5\uC0B0\uC8FC\uC758\uB2F9\uACFC \uC0AC\uD68C\uC8FC\uC758\uB97C \uC774\uB8E8\uAE30 \uC704\uD55C \uB2E4\uB978 \uC815\uCE58 \uC804\uB7B5\uC744 \uD3EC\uC6A9\uD558\uB294 \uC815\uCE58 \uC6B4\uB3D9\uC744 \uC774\uB04C\uC5C8\uACE0 \uC11C\uB85C \uB2E4\uB978 \uD504\uB85C\uADF8\uB7A8\uACFC \uC815\uCC45\uB4E4\uC744 \uC639\uD638\uD55C\uB2E4. \uC774 \uD55C \uAC00\uC9C0 \uC608\uB294 20\uC138\uAE30 \uB3D9\uC548 \uAC1C\uD601\uC801 \uC0AC\uD68C\uC8FC\uC758\uC790\uB4E4\uACFC \uB3C5\uC77C \uC0AC\uD68C\uBBFC\uC8FC\uB2F9\uC5D0\uC11C \uB098\uD0C0\uB09C \uC0AC\uD68C\uAC1C\uB7C9\uC8FC\uC758\uC790\uB4E4\uC758 \uBD84\uC5F4\uC774\uB2E4. \uBE44\uC2B7\uD558\uAC8C \uBE44\uB85D \uB7EC\uC2DC\uC544\uC758 \uBCFC\uC170\uBE44\uD0A4\uD30C\uB294 \uB808\uB2CC\uC8FC\uC758\uC640 \uC774\uD6C4 \uB9C8\uB974\uD06C\uC2A4-\uB808\uB2CC\uC8FC\uC758\uB9CC\uC774 \uB9C8\uB974\uD06C\uC2A4\uC8FC\uC758\uAC00 \uC801\uBC95\uD558\uAC8C \uBC1C\uC804\uD55C \uAC83\uC73C\uB85C \uC120\uD3EC\uD588\uC9C0\uB9CC, \uBA58\uC170\uBE44\uD0A4\uD30C\uC640 \uC138\uACC4\uC758 \uB9CE\uC740 \uB2E4\uB978 \uC0AC\uD68C\uBBFC\uC8FC\uC8FC\uC758\uC790\uB4E4\uC740 \uADF8\uAC83\uB4E4\uC744 \uC6D0\uB798 \uB178\uC120\uC5D0\uC11C \uBC97\uC5B4\uB09C \uC804\uCCB4\uC8FC\uC758\uC801\uC778 \uAC83\uC73C\uB85C \uBCF4\uC558\uB2E4. \uC0AC\uD68C\uC640 \uB294 \uACE0\uACE0\uD559\uACFC \uC778\uB958\uD559, \uBBF8\uB514\uC5B4 \uC5F0\uAD6C, \uC815\uCE58 \uACFC\uD559, \uC5F0\uADF9, \uC5ED\uC0AC, \uC0AC\uD68C\uD559, \uBBF8\uC220\uC0AC\uC640 \uBBF8\uD559, , \uAD50\uC721, \uACBD\uC81C\uD559, \uC9C0\uB9AC\uD559, \uBB38\uD559 \uD3C9\uB860, \uBE44\uD310 \uC2EC\uB9AC\uD559(critical psychology) \uBC0F \uCCA0\uD559 \uBD84\uC57C\uC758 \uD559\uC790\uB4E4\uC5D0 \uC758\uD574 \uBC1B\uC544\uB4E4\uC5EC\uC84C\uB2E4."@ko . . 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"Marxismus ist der Name einer von Karl Marx und Friedrich Engels im 19. Jahrhundert begr\u00FCndeten Gesellschaftslehre. Ihr Ziel besteht darin, durch revolution\u00E4re Umgestaltung anstelle der bestehenden Klassengesellschaft eine klassenlose Gesellschaft zu schaffen."@de . . . . . . . . "#c6dbf7"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 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"El marxisme \u00E9s el conjunt de doctrines pol\u00EDtiques, econ\u00F2miques i filos\u00F2fiques encunyades pels pensadors alemanys Karl Marx i Friedrich Engels. La multitud d'aspectes que aquesta compr\u00E8n fa que pr\u00E0cticament no existeixi branca de les ci\u00E8ncies humanes sense la seva escola de pensament marxista. L'an\u00E0lisi marxista es caracteritza per un enfocament materialista i dial\u00E8ctic del m\u00F3n. L'aplicaci\u00F3 d'aquesta doctrina en el camp del Socialisme inici\u00E0 un nou corrent ideol\u00F2gic anomenat socialisme marxista, que cresqu\u00E9 durant tota la segona meitat del segle xix i s'an\u00E0 situant al poder al llarg del segle xx, tant a trav\u00E9s de les seves m\u00FAltiples versions socialdem\u00F2crates com comunistes."@ca . . . . "Marxismo"@es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Fromm"@en . . "\u041C\u0430\u0440\u043A\u0441\u0438\u0301\u0437\u043C \u2014 \u0444\u0438\u043B\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0444\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0435, \u044D\u043A\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0435 \u0438 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0435 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435, \u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u041A\u0430\u0440\u043B\u043E\u043C \u041C\u0430\u0440\u043A\u0441\u043E\u043C \u0438 \u0424\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043E\u043C \u042D\u043D\u0433\u0435\u043B\u044C\u0441\u043E\u043C. \u0421\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044E\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043B\u0438\u0447\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u0438\u043D\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043F\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u041C\u0430\u0440\u043A\u0441\u0430, \u0441\u0432\u044F\u0437\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043B\u0438\u0447\u043D\u044B\u043C\u0438 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u043F\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u044F\u043C\u0438 \u0438 \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F\u043C\u0438 \u0432 \u043E\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u043C\u044B\u0441\u043B\u0438 \u0438 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u043F\u0440\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0435. \u041F\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u043C\u0430\u0440\u043A\u0441\u0438\u0437\u043C \u044F\u0432\u043B\u044F\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u043E\u0434\u043D\u0438\u043C \u0438\u0437 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043D\u0442\u043E\u0432 \u0441\u043E\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0437\u043C\u0430 \u043D\u0430\u0440\u044F\u0434\u0443 \u0441 \u043B\u0435\u0432\u044B\u043C \u0430\u043D\u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0437\u043C\u043E\u043C (\u0441\u043C. \u0421\u043E\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0430\u043D\u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0437\u043C), \u0445\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u043C \u0441\u043E\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0437\u043C\u043E\u043C \u0438 \u043D\u0435 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043D\u0438\u043C\u0430\u044E\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u043C\u0430\u0440\u043A\u0441\u0438\u0437\u043C\u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044C\u044E \u0434\u0435\u043C\u043E\u043A\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0441\u043E\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0437\u043C\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u043E\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043B-\u0434\u0435\u043C\u043E\u043A\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0438."@ru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "El marxismo es una perspectiva te\u00F3rica y un m\u00E9todo de an\u00E1lisis y s\u00EDntesis socioecon\u00F3mico de la realidad y la historia, que considera las relaciones de clase y el conflicto social utilizando una interpretaci\u00F3n materialista del desarrollo hist\u00F3rico y adopta una visi\u00F3n dial\u00E9ctica de la transformaci\u00F3n social y an\u00E1lisis cr\u00EDtico del capitalismo, compuesto principalmente por el pensamiento desarrollado en la obra del fil\u00F3sofo, soci\u00F3logo, economista y periodista revolucionario alem\u00E1n de origen jud\u00EDo,\u200B Karl Marx, quien contribuy\u00F3 en la sociolog\u00EDa, la econom\u00EDa, el derecho y la historia.\u200B"@es . . . . . . . . . "no"@en . . . "Marxachas"@ga . . . . . . . "\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064A\u0629"@ar . . . . . . . . . . . "1966"^^ . . . "Marxismoa langile-klasea burujabetzeko metodo eta teoria politiko bat da. Teoria gisa analisi sozioekonomikoa egiten du, materialismo dialektikoa eta historikoa erabiliz klase sozialak eta gatazka sozialak dialektikoki azaltzeko. Marxismoak langilearen esplotazioa eta alienazioa salatzen du eta klaserik gabeko gizarte baten alde egiten du. Karl Marx eta Friedrich Engels alemaniar filosofoek XIX. mendean egindako lanetan oinarritzen da. Marxismoak erabiltzen duen metodologiari materialismo historiko deritzo, klaseetan oinarritutako gizartea eta kapitalismoa aztertu eta kritikatzeko. Metodologia berdinarekin klase borrokak sistema ekonomiko, sozial eta politikoan duen egitekoa aztertzen du."@eu . . . . . . . "\u041C\u0430\u0440\u043A\u0441\u0438\u0437\u043C"@uk . . . . . . . . "Marxism is a left-wing to far-left method of socioeconomic analysis that uses a materialist interpretation of historical development, better known as historical materialism, to understand class relations and social conflict and a dialectical perspective to view social transformation. It originates from the works of 19th-century German philosophers Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. As Marxism has developed over time into various branches and schools of thought, no single, definitive Marxist theory exists. In addition to the schools of thought which emphasize or modify elements of classical Marxism, various Marxian concepts have been incorporated and adapted into a diverse array of social theories leading to widely varying conclusions. Alongside Marx's critique of political economy, the defining characteristics of Marxism have often been described using the terms dialectical materialism and historical materialism, though these terms were coined after Marx's death and their tenets have been challenged by some self-described Marxists. Marxism has had a profound impact on global academia, having influenced many fields, including anthropology, archaeology, art theory, criminology, cultural studies, economics, education, ethics, film theory, geography, historiography, literary criticism, media studies, philosophy, political science, political economy, psychology, science studies, sociology, urban planning, and theatre."@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Marksismo"@eo . . . . . . . . . "Marxism"@sv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u99AC\u514B\u601D\u4E3B\u7FA9\uFF08\u5FB7\u8A9E\uFF1AMarxismus\uFF09\u662F\u4E00\u7A2E\u4EE5\u6B77\u53F2\u552F\u7269\u4E3B\u7FA9\u3001\u8FAF\u8B49\u6CD5\u548C\u5C0D\u8CC7\u672C\u4E3B\u7FA9\u7684\u6279\u5224\u6240\u767C\u5C55\u800C\u51FA\u7684\u7D93\u6FDF\u3001\u653F\u6CBB\u548C\u793E\u6703\u4E16\u754C\u89C0\u3002\u572819\u4E16\u7D00\u4E2D\u5F8C\u671F\uFF0C\u5361\u723E\u00B7\u99AC\u514B\u601D\u548C\u5F17\u91CC\u5FB7\u91CC\u5E0C\u00B7\u6069\u683C\u65AF\u5EFA\u69CB\u51FA\u4E86\u99AC\u514B\u601D\u4E3B\u7FA9\u7684\u7406\u8AD6\u67B6\u69CB\u3002\u4EE5\u99AC\u514B\u601D\u4E3B\u7FA9\u4F5C\u70BA\u6839\u57FA\u6216\u65B9\u6CD5\u8AD6\u7684\u5BEB\u4F5C\u5C0D\u73FE\u4EE3\u7684\u653F\u6CBB\u54F2\u5B78\u548C\u793E\u6703\u904B\u52D5\u7522\u751F\u91CD\u5927\u800C\u5EE3\u6CDB\u7684\u5F71\u97FF\uFF0C\u5305\u542B\u4E86\u5176\u72EC\u7279\u7684\u54F2\u5B78\u3001\u793E\u6703\u5B78\u3001\u653F\u6CBB\u7D93\u6FDF\u5B78\u4EE5\u53CA\u9769\u547D\u610F\u8B58\u5F62\u614B\u3002\u5C0D\u65BC\u99AC\u514B\u601D\u4E3B\u7FA9\u7684\u7406\u8AD6\u4E26\u6C92\u6709\u4E00\u5957\u7D71\u4E00\u7684\u5B9A\u7FA9\uFF0C\u4E5F\u56E0\u6B64\u5B83\u5728\u773E\u591A\u7684\u9818\u57DF\u548C\u984C\u6750\u4E0A\u51FA\u73FE\u591A\u5143\u7684\u767C\u5C55\uFF0C\u5C0E\u81F4\u5176\u9580\u4E0B\u5305\u542B\u773E\u591A\u660E\u986F\u5C0D\u7ACB\u751A\u81F3\u4E92\u76F8\u885D\u7A81\u7684\u7406\u8AD6\u3002"@zh . . . "Marxismo"@it . . . . . . . "\u2014 Mao Zedong, Little Red Book"@en . . . . . . . . . . . "no"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Marksismo estas politika ideologio, bazita sur la verkaro de Karolo Markso kaj Frederiko Engelso, kaj evoluigita de iliaj dis\u0109iploj (interalie grave de V. I. Lenino), kiu konsistigas la sistemon de filozofiaj, ekonomikaj kaj soci-politikaj ideoj, kiu inkludas: \n* filozofian materiismon kaj dialektikon; \n* la materiisman komprenon de historio (la teorio de sociaj formacioj); \n* la fondon de ekonomiaj le\u011Doj de movi\u011Do de la kapitalisma socio (la teorion de plusvaloro k. a.); \n* la teorion de klasoj kaj de klasa batalo; \n* la teorion de proleta revolucio kaj de transiro al la komunisma socio."@eo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Marxismus je metoda socioekonomick\u00E9 anal\u00FDzy spojen\u00E9 s ekonomickou, politickou, spole\u010Denskou teori\u00ED a prax\u00ED, vych\u00E1zej\u00EDc\u00ED z u\u010Den\u00ED Karla Marxe a Friedricha Engelse a d\u00E1le rozv\u00EDjen\u00E1 mno\u017Estv\u00EDm jejich n\u00E1sledovn\u00EDk\u016F. Kl\u00ED\u010Dovou roli hraje kniha Kapit\u00E1l (1867), ale i dal\u0161\u00ED Marxovy spisy. Nejv\u011Bt\u0161\u00ED d\u016Fraz p\u0159i zkoum\u00E1n\u00ED spole\u010Dnosti a jej\u00EDho v\u00FDvoje je marxisty kladen na hospod\u00E1\u0159sk\u00E9 faktory, zejm\u00E9na na v\u00FDrobn\u00ED prost\u0159edky a na organizaci pr\u00E1ce prost\u0159ednictv\u00EDm v\u00FDrobn\u00EDch vztah\u016F. Marxistick\u00E1 teze historick\u00E9ho materialismu tvrd\u00ED, \u017Ee ekonomick\u00E1 z\u00E1kladna determinuje politickou a ideologickou nadstavbu. K z\u00E1kladn\u00EDm rys\u016Fm marxistick\u00E9ho my\u0161len\u00ED pat\u0159\u00ED d\u00E1le kritika sm\u011B\u0159ovan\u00E1 v\u016F\u010Di kapitalistick\u00FDm spole\u010Densk\u00FDm uspo\u0159\u00E1d\u00E1n\u00EDm, popisovan\u00FDm marxisty jako nestabiln\u00ED, p\u0159echodn\u00E9, a p\u0159edev\u0161\u00EDm vyko\u0159is\u0165ovatelsk\u00E9 vinou toho, \u017Ee v\u00FDrobn\u00ED prost\u0159edky vlastn\u00ED men\u0161ina, co\u017E vede k t\u0159\u00EDdn\u00EDmu boji. Z toho vych\u00E1zej\u00ED \u00FAvahy nad alternativn\u00EDm uspo\u0159\u00E1d\u00E1n\u00EDm spole\u010Dnosti (nejprve socialistick\u00E9, posl\u00E9ze komunistick\u00E9) a ot\u00E1zka, jak k tomuto nov\u00E9mu uspo\u0159\u00E1d\u00E1n\u00ED od kapitalismu dosp\u011Bt. Po Marxov\u011B smrti se marxismus rozpadl na r\u016Fzn\u00E9 sm\u011Bry a vznikaly pokusy o kanonizaci marxismu. Je\u0161t\u011B za Marxova \u017Eivota, v 70. letech 19. stolet\u00ED, provedl prvn\u00ED takov\u00FD pokus, spojen\u00FD s univerzalizac\u00ED a zjednodu\u0161en\u00EDm Marxova u\u010Den\u00ED, Friedrich Engels. Z marxismu p\u0159itom vypustil n\u011Bkter\u00E1 p\u016Fvodn\u011B \u00FAst\u0159edn\u00ED t\u00E9mata jako probl\u00E9my reifikace (zv\u011Bcn\u011Bn\u00ED) nebo odcizen\u00ED. Po ustaven\u00ED Druh\u00E9 internacion\u00E1ly byla vedouc\u00ED a sjednocuj\u00EDc\u00ED silou Soci\u00E1ln\u011Bdemokratick\u00E1 strana N\u011Bmecka a jej\u00ED Erfurtsk\u00FD program (1891). V \u010Dele st\u00E1la marxistick\u00E1 ortodoxie Karla Kautsk\u00E9ho, kritizovan\u00E1 ov\u0161em zprava revizionistou Eduardem Bernsteinem a dal\u0161\u00EDmi centristy, zleva radik\u00E1ly, zejm\u00E9na Rosou Luxemburgovou. V prvn\u00EDch letech 20. stolet\u00ED v rusk\u00E9m prost\u0159ed\u00ED nav\u00E1zal sv\u00FDmi texty Georgij Valentinovi\u010D Plechanov, zam\u011B\u0159uj\u00EDc\u00ED se na spole\u010Densk\u00E9 v\u011Bdom\u00ED, geografii a roli historick\u00FDch osobnost\u00ED v d\u011Bjinn\u00E9m v\u00FDvoji. Z Plechanova vy\u0161el Vladim\u00EDr Ilji\u010D Lenin a provedl radik\u00E1ln\u00ED p\u0159ehodnocen\u00ED marxismu ve smyslu potla\u010Den\u00ED teoretick\u00E9ho syst\u00E9mu a ryze praktick\u00E9ho u\u017Eit\u00ED v\u0161ech jeho tez\u00ED v rod\u00EDc\u00EDm se Sov\u011Btsk\u00E9m svazu. Marxismus mimo Sov\u011Btsk\u00FD svaz reprezentovali ve 20. a 30. letech ma\u010Farsk\u00FD myslitel Gy\u00F6rgy Luk\u00E1cs a italsk\u00FD filosof Antonio Gramsci. Ve 30. letech kanonizaci a dogmatizaci sov\u011Btsk\u00E9ho marxismu dokon\u010Dil Josif Vissarionovi\u010D Stalin, kter\u00FD sm\u011Br d\u00E1le \u201Esystematizoval\u201C vylou\u010Den\u00EDm v\u011Bt\u0161iny kritick\u00FDch probl\u00E9m\u016F a tez\u00ED a jednozna\u010Dnou definic\u00ED n\u011Bkter\u00FDch pojm\u016F; z p\u016Fvodn\u011B intelektu\u00E1ln\u011B p\u0159ita\u017Eliv\u00E9ho souboru idej\u00ED byl tak vytvo\u0159en snadno nau\u010Diteln\u00FD, uzav\u0159en\u00FD a steriln\u00ED syst\u00E9m (marxismus-leninismus). V opozici proti dogmatick\u00E9mu pojet\u00ED marxismu se rozv\u00EDjel , inspirovan\u00FD anarchismem, kter\u00FD odm\u00EDtal autorit\u00E1\u0159sk\u00FD v\u00FDklad marxismu-leninismu a v\u011B\u0159il, \u017Ee d\u011Blnick\u00E1 t\u0159\u00EDda bude schopn\u00E1 dos\u00E1hnout sv\u00FDch c\u00EDl\u016F nez\u00E1visle na \u00FAst\u0159edn\u00ED \u00FAloze st\u00E1tu a strany p\u0159edvoje (komunistick\u00E9 strany). Jeho p\u0159edstavitel\u00E9, poch\u00E1zej\u00EDc\u00ED nej\u010Dast\u011Bji ze z\u00E1padoevropsk\u00FDch st\u00E1t\u016F, se pokou\u0161eli marxismus reformovat pomoc\u00ED jin\u00FDch filosofick\u00FDch sm\u011Br\u016F. Frankfurtsk\u00E1 \u0161kola, inspirovan\u00E1 psychoanal\u00FDzou, se soust\u0159edila na kritiku bur\u017Eoazn\u00EDch spole\u010Dnost\u00ED (kritick\u00E1 teorie). Pozdn\u00ED Jean Paul Sartre propojoval marxismus s existencialismem. V\u011Bdeck\u00FD neomarxismus reprezentoval p\u0159edev\u0161\u00EDm Louis Althusser. Na rozvoji postmarxismu se pak nejv\u00EDce zaslou\u017Eili Ernesto Laclau, Chantal Mouffeov\u00E1 a Slavoj \u017Di\u017Eek. Proto\u017Ee se marxismus pokou\u0161\u00ED objasnit v\u00FDvoj a fungov\u00E1n\u00ED v\u0161ech slo\u017Eek spole\u010Dnosti, existuj\u00ED krom\u011B marxistick\u00E9 ekonomie tak\u00E9 \u010Detn\u00E9 dal\u0161\u00ED d\u00EDl\u010D\u00ED sou\u010D\u00E1st\u00ED marxismu \u010Di marxismem ovlivn\u011Bn\u00E1 pojet\u00ED r\u016Fzn\u00FDch v\u011Bdeck\u00FDch discipl\u00EDn \u2013 marxistick\u00E1 historiografie, marxistick\u00E1 geografie, , , a dal\u0161\u00ED sm\u011Bry."@cs . . "\u039C\u03B1\u03C1\u03BE\u03B9\u03C3\u03BC\u03CC\u03C2"@el . . "Marxisme adalah sebuah paham yang berdasar pada pandangan-pandangan Karl Marx. Awalnya Marx menyusun sebuah teori besar yang berkaitan dengan sistem ekonomi, sistem sosial, dan sistem politik. Pengikut teori ini disebut sebagai Marxis. Marxisme mencakup materialisme dialektis dan materialisme historis serta penerapannya pada kehidupan sosial."@in . . . . . . . "\u9A6C\u514B\u601D\u4E3B\u4E49"@zh . . . . "Petrovi\u0107"@en . "1967"^^ . . . . . "Is modh anail\u00EDse socheacnama\u00EDoch \u00E9 an Marxachas a \u00FAs\u00E1ideann l\u00E9irmh\u00EDni\u00FA \u00E1bhara\u00EDoch ar fhorbairt stairi\u00FAil, ar a dtugtar de ghn\u00E1th \u00E1bharachas stairi\u00FAil, chun caidreamh aicme agus coimhlint sh\u00F3isialta a thuiscint chomh maith le peirspict\u00EDocht dhialachtaici\u00FAil chun tarfhoirmithe sh\u00F3isialta a fheiscint. Eascra\u00EDonn s\u00E9 as saothair na bhfeals\u00FAna Gearm\u00E1nacha \u00F3n 19\u00FA haois Karl Marx agus Friedrich Engels . De r\u00E9ir mar a d\u2019fhorbair an Marxachas le himeacht ama ina bhrains\u00ED agus ina scoileanna smaointeoireachta \u00E9ags\u00FAla, n\u00EDl aon teoiric dheimhneach Mharxach ann faoi l\u00E1thair."@ga . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Het marxisme is een ideologisch-beschrijvende analyse van de maatschappij, en dan vooral de economie, waarbij het marxistische concept van een internationale klassenstrijd, tussen twee tegengestelde maatschappelijke klassen centraal staat. Deze twee klassen zijn, volgens het marxisme, respectievelijk de productiemiddelen bezittende klasse (het 'kapitaal'), en de werkende klasse (de 'arbeid'). Volgens de marxistische ideologie moet de klassenstrijd, via het \"dialectisch materialisme\", uiteindelijk leiden tot een communistische maatschappij, waarbij er een einde komt aan de uitbuiting door het kapitalisme van de werkende klasse. Het marxisme is in eerste instantie gebaseerd op de idee\u00EBn en denkbeelden van Karl Marx en Friedrich Engels. Op politiek-ideologisch vlak vormde het marxisme de basis voor het moderne socialisme en het communisme. Verder lag het marxisme ten grondslag aan een beoefening op marxistische leest van vakgebieden als de , economie, esthetica, filosofie, , geografie, en de . Deze idee\u00EBn en denkbeelden stoelden op drie grote ideologische stromingen van de negentiende eeuw: de Duitse filosofie \u2013 vooral de dialectiek van Hegel \u2013 de klassieke Engelse politieke economie, en het Franse socialisme in combinatie met Franse revolutionaire doctrines. Uit deze stromingen distilleerden Marx en Engels het zogenaamde \"wetenschappelijk socialisme\"."@nl . . . . . "Marxism taught me what society was. I was like a blindfolded man in a forest, who doesn't even know where north or south is. If you don't eventually come to truly understand the history of the class struggle, or at least have a clear idea that society is divided between the rich and the poor, and that some people subjugate and exploit other people, you're lost in a forest, not knowing anything."@en . . "Category:Marxism"@en . . "1904053"^^ . "Het marxisme is een ideologisch-beschrijvende analyse van de maatschappij, en dan vooral de economie, waarbij het marxistische concept van een internationale klassenstrijd, tussen twee tegengestelde maatschappelijke klassen centraal staat. Deze twee klassen zijn, volgens het marxisme, respectievelijk de productiemiddelen bezittende klasse (het 'kapitaal'), en de werkende klasse (de 'arbeid'). Volgens de marxistische ideologie moet de klassenstrijd, via het \"dialectisch materialisme\", uiteindelijk leiden tot een communistische maatschappij, waarbij er een einde komt aan de uitbuiting door het kapitalisme van de werkende klasse."@nl . . . . "Marxism is a left-wing to far-left method of socioeconomic analysis that uses a materialist interpretation of historical development, better known as historical materialism, to understand class relations and social conflict and a dialectical perspective to view social transformation. It originates from the works of 19th-century German philosophers Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. As Marxism has developed over time into various branches and schools of thought, no single, definitive Marxist theory exists."@en . "\u2014 Russian Marxist theoretician and revolutionary Vladimir Lenin, 1913"@en . . . . . . . . . . . "Marksizm (niem. Marxismus), \u201Esocjalizm naukowy\u201D \u2013 \u015Bwiatopogl\u0105d polityczno-spo\u0142eczno-gospodarczy wywodz\u0105cy si\u0119 z my\u015Bli Karola Marksa, a tak\u017Ce, w mniejszym stopniu, Friedricha Engelsa."@pl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "1858"^^ . . . . . . . "Marksizm (niem. Marxismus), \u201Esocjalizm naukowy\u201D \u2013 \u015Bwiatopogl\u0105d polityczno-spo\u0142eczno-gospodarczy wywodz\u0105cy si\u0119 z my\u015Bli Karola Marksa, a tak\u017Ce, w mniejszym stopniu, Friedricha Engelsa."@pl . . . . . . "El marxismo es una perspectiva te\u00F3rica y un m\u00E9todo de an\u00E1lisis y s\u00EDntesis socioecon\u00F3mico de la realidad y la historia, que considera las relaciones de clase y el conflicto social utilizando una interpretaci\u00F3n materialista del desarrollo hist\u00F3rico y adopta una visi\u00F3n dial\u00E9ctica de la transformaci\u00F3n social y an\u00E1lisis cr\u00EDtico del capitalismo, compuesto principalmente por el pensamiento desarrollado en la obra del fil\u00F3sofo, soci\u00F3logo, economista y periodista revolucionario alem\u00E1n de origen jud\u00EDo,\u200B Karl Marx, quien contribuy\u00F3 en la sociolog\u00EDa, la econom\u00EDa, el derecho y la historia.\u200B Este grupo de doctrinas filos\u00F3ficas, sociales, econ\u00F3micas, pol\u00EDticas, etc. adquiri\u00F3 una forma m\u00E1s definida tras su muerte por una serie de pensadores que complementan y/o reinterpretan este modelo que van desde Friedrich Engels, compa\u00F1ero y coeditor de Marx, hasta otros pensadores como Gueorgui Plej\u00E1nov, Lenin, Le\u00F3n Trotski, Rosa Luxemburgo, Antonio Gramsci, Georg Luk\u00E1cs o Mao Zedong.\u200B Es correcto hablar de marxismo como una corriente del pensamiento humano. El marxismo se asocia principalmente al conjunto de movimientos pol\u00EDticos y sociales que surgieron durante el siglo XX, entre los que destacaron la Revoluci\u00F3n rusa, la Revoluci\u00F3n china y la Revoluci\u00F3n cubana. El marxismo ha pretendido desarrollar una ciencia social unificada (historia, teor\u00EDa sociol\u00F3gica, teor\u00EDa econ\u00F3mica, ciencia pol\u00EDtica y epistemolog\u00EDa) para la comprensi\u00F3n de las sociedades divididas en clases y la fundamentaci\u00F3n de una visi\u00F3n revolucionaria del cambio social que ha inspirado innumerables movimientos sociales y pol\u00EDticos en el mundo a trav\u00E9s de la historia moderna. Presenta tres dimensiones identificables: una dimensi\u00F3n econ\u00F3mico-sociol\u00F3gica, una dimensi\u00F3n pol\u00EDtica y una dimensi\u00F3n cr\u00EDtico-filos\u00F3fica expresada la filosof\u00EDa anterior en el idealismo de Hegel y en el materialismo de Feuerbach.\u200B El an\u00E1lisis marxista, denominado materialismo hist\u00F3rico, enfatiza en el car\u00E1cter determinante de las condiciones materiales - relaciones sociales y lugares en la producci\u00F3n- en la vida de las personas y en la conciencia que tienen sobre s\u00ED mismas y sobre el mundo. Dicha base material es considerada, en esta perspectiva, determinante en \u00FAltima instancia de otros fen\u00F3menos sociales, tales como las relaciones sociales y pol\u00EDticas, el derecho, la ideolog\u00EDa o la moral. Se ha desarrollado en muchas ramas y escuelas de pensamiento diferentes, con el resultado de que ahora no existe una \u00FAnica teor\u00EDa marxista definitiva.\u200B Diferentes escuelas marxistas ponen un mayor \u00E9nfasis en ciertos aspectos del marxismo cl\u00E1sico mientras rechazan o modifican otros aspectos. Muchas escuelas de pensamiento han tratado de combinar conceptos marxistas y conceptos no marxistas, lo que ha llevado a conclusiones contradictorias.\u200B El materialismo hist\u00F3rico y el materialismo dial\u00E9ctico sigue siendo el aspecto fundamental de todas las escuelas de pensamiento marxistas. Esta opini\u00F3n no es aceptada por algunos postmarxistas como Ernesto Laclau y Chantal Mouffe, quienes afirman que la historia no solo est\u00E1 determinada por modos de producci\u00F3n, pero tambi\u00E9n por conciencia y voluntad.\u200B Varias corrientes tambi\u00E9n se han desarrollado en el marxismo acad\u00E9mico, a menudo bajo la influencia de otros puntos de vista: marxismo estructuralista, marxismo hist\u00F3rico, marxismo fenomenol\u00F3gico, marxismo anal\u00EDtico, marxismo humanista, marxismo occidental y marxismo hegeliano. El legado de Marx se ha disputado entre numerosas tendencias, las cuales incluyen el leninismo, el marxismo-leninismo, el trotskismo, el mao\u00EDsmo, el luxemburguismo y el marxismo libertario. El marxismo ha tenido un profundo impacto en la academia global y ha influido en muchos campos como la arqueolog\u00EDa, la antropolog\u00EDa,\u200B\u200B estudios de ciencias,\u200B ciencias pol\u00EDticas, teatro, historia, sociolog\u00EDa, historia y teor\u00EDa del arte, estudios culturales, educaci\u00F3n, econom\u00EDa, \u00E9tica, criminolog\u00EDa, geograf\u00EDa, cr\u00EDtica literaria, est\u00E9tica, teor\u00EDa del cine, psicolog\u00EDa cr\u00EDtica y filosof\u00EDa."@es . . . . . . . "246"^^ . "35"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . "Marxisme"@fr . . . . . . . . . . "no"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . "Marxism \u00E4r en grupp samh\u00E4lls\u00E5sk\u00E5dningar som bygger p\u00E5 Friedrich Engels och Karl Marx teorier och \u00E4r det paraplybegrepp d\u00E4r socialism, socialdemokrati och kommunism ing\u00E5r. Den andra grenen grundar sig i anarkismen. Marxism betecknar dels en politisk ideologi (fr\u00E4mst i dess ortodoxa form), dels en samling mer eller mindre icke-normativa samh\u00E4llsteorier. Ibland anv\u00E4nds termen revolution\u00E4r marxism f\u00F6r att ange en skillnad mot id\u00E9er som f\u00F6respr\u00E5kar en samh\u00E4llsomvandling genom reformer beslutade inom ramen f\u00F6r det etablerade styrelseskicket. Det finns ingen definitiv marxistisk teori, utan ist\u00E4llet en m\u00E5ngfald av olika \u00F6msesidigt of\u00F6renliga marxistiska teorier. skriver: \"det m\u00E5 endast ha funnits en biografisk Marx, men litteraturen \u00E4r fylld av konceptualiseringar om den 'totala', 'tidiga', 'mogna', 'vetenskapliga' eller 'humanistiska' Marx. Vidare finns det en m\u00E5ngfald av tydligt avgr\u00E4nsade marxismer [...] som en kommentator uttryckte det, 'n\u00E4stan lika m\u00E5nga marxismer som det finns marxister'\". Marxismens inneboende pluralism har dock aktivt f\u00F6rnekats och motarbetats av flera marxistiska r\u00F6relser, som h\u00E4vdat att det endast finns en \"sann\" marxism (ortodox marxism). Fram till Sovjetunionens uppl\u00F6sning 1991 fanns en viss dominans av marxism\u2013leninism inom den institutionaliserade (politiska partier och organisationer) marxistiska diskursen, men redan under 1970-talet hade den sovjetiska hegemonin till viss del uppl\u00F6sts till f\u00F6rm\u00E5n f\u00F6r Eurokommunismen och postmarxistiska inriktningar och en \"pluralism av ortodoxier\", d\u00E5 varje parti hade utvecklat en \"egen\" ortodoxi. \u00C4ven under den \"ortodoxa\" marxismens storhetstid har det dock funnits \"heterodoxa\" marxistiska tankeskolor, s\u00E5som v\u00E4sterl\u00E4ndsk marxism. \u00C4ven tidiga inriktningar som leninismen var djupt omtvistade och begreppet marxism-leninism, till exempel, utvecklades f\u00F6rst under stalinismen. Till f\u00F6ljd av den m\u00E5ngfald av marxistiska teorier som finns menar David McLellan att \"varje redog\u00F6relse [av marxismen] som syftar till att vara utt\u00F6mmande blir ocks\u00E5 ofr\u00E5nkomligen ganska ytlig\". Enligt och Richard D. Wolff f\u00F6rblir dock den vanligast diskuterade formen av marxism traditionell/ortodox marxism. Marx sj\u00E4lv menade ber\u00F6mt att \"om det \u00E4r n\u00E5gonting som \u00E4r s\u00E4kert, s\u00E5 \u00E4r det att marxist \u00E4r jag inte\"."@sv . . . . . . . . "Marxism"@en . . . . "Marxisme"@ca . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Marxismus ist der Name einer von Karl Marx und Friedrich Engels im 19. Jahrhundert begr\u00FCndeten Gesellschaftslehre. Ihr Ziel besteht darin, durch revolution\u00E4re Umgestaltung anstelle der bestehenden Klassengesellschaft eine klassenlose Gesellschaft zu schaffen. Der Marxismus ist eine einflussreiche politische, wissenschaftliche und ideengeschichtliche Str\u00F6mung, die sowohl dem Sozialismus als auch dem Kommunismus zugerechnet wird. Als Marxisten werden seit der zweiten H\u00E4lfte des 19. Jahrhunderts die Anh\u00E4nger von Karl Marx und Friedrich Engels bezeichnet. Im weiteren Sinne ist Marxismus eine Sammelbezeichnung f\u00FCr die von Marx und Engels entwickelte Wirtschafts- und Gesellschaftstheorie sowie f\u00FCr damit verbundene philosophische und politische Ansichten. Auch Personen und Denkrichtungen, die in spezifischer Weise an das Werk von Marx und Engels anschlie\u00DFen, werden zum Marxismus gerechnet. Bekannte marxistische Str\u00F6mungen sind der Orthodoxe Marxismus der fr\u00FChen Sozialdemokratie (im Wesentlichen Ende des 19./Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts), der Leninismus, der Marxismus-Leninismus, der Maoismus, der Trotzkismus sowie verschiedene Formen des Westlichen oder Neomarxismus, darunter die Frankfurter Schule und der franz\u00F6sische Strukturalistische Marxismus, der italienische Operaismus, der jugoslawische Titoismus und der Postmarxismus. Seine theoretischen Wurzeln hat der Marxismus unter anderem in der kritischen Auseinandersetzung mit der klassischen deutschen Philosophie (Kant, Hegel, Feuerbach), der klassischen englischen National\u00F6konomie (Smith, Ricardo), dem franz\u00F6sischen Fr\u00FChsozialismus (Fourier, Saint-Simon, Blanqui, Proudhon) sowie den Historikern der franz\u00F6sischen Restauration (Thierry, Guizot, Mignet). Vor allem Engels, Karl Kautsky und Lenin, aber auch Plechanow, Labriola, Trotzki und Rosa Luxemburg haben die weitere Entwicklung des Marxismus nachhaltig beeinflusst. In einer zweiten Phase nach dem Ersten Weltkrieg bis zu den 68er-Bewegungen erfuhr der Marxismus eine weitere Ausdifferenzierung durch Karl Korsch, Georg Luk\u00E1cs, Antonio Gramsci, Ernest Mandel, Andr\u00E9 Gorz, Herbert Marcuse, Theodor W. Adorno und Louis Althusser. Mit der Zeit entwickelten sich eine eigenst\u00E4ndige marxistische Philosophie und in vielen Disziplinen der Wissenschaften mit gesellschaftlichem Bezug eigene marxistische Str\u00F6mungen \u2013 wie beispielsweise eine marxistische Soziologie, eine marxistische Wirtschaftstheorie, eine marxistische Literaturtheorie oder in der Psychoanalyse der Freudomarxismus."@de . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "( \uB9D1\uC2DC\uC998\uC740 \uC5EC\uAE30\uB85C \uC5F0\uACB0\uB429\uB2C8\uB2E4. \uD55C\uAD6D\uC758 \uB9C8\uB974\uD06C\uC2A4\uC8FC\uC758 \uD559\uC220\uB300\uD68C\uC5D0 \uB300\uD574\uC11C\uB294 \uB9D1\uC2DC\uC998 (\uD589\uC0AC) \uBB38\uC11C\uB97C \uCC38\uACE0\uD558\uC2ED\uC2DC\uC624.) \uB9C8\uB974\uD06C\uC2A4\uC8FC\uC758(\uBB38\uD654\uC5B4: \uB9D1\uC2A4\uC8FC\uC758, \uB3C5\uC77C\uC5B4: Marxismus, \uB7EC\uC2DC\uC544\uC5B4: \u041C\u0430\u0440\u043A\u0441\u0438\u0437\u043C) \uB610\uB294 \uB9C8\uB974\uD06C\uC2DC\uC998(\uC601\uC5B4: Marxism) \uD639\uC740 \uC5E5\uAC94\uC2A4\uC2DD \uD45C\uD604\uC73C\uB85C \uACFC\uD559\uC801 \uC0AC\uD68C\uC8FC\uC758\uB294 \uC0AC\uD68C \uACC4\uAE09\uC758 \uAD00\uACC4\uC640 \uC0AC\uD68C\uC801 \uCDA9\uB3CC\uC5D0 \uCD08\uC810\uC744 \uB454 \uC0AC\uD68C\uC801 \uBD84\uC11D\uC758 \uBC29\uBC95\uC774\uC790 \uC138\uACC4\uAD00\uC778\uB370, \uC5ED\uC0AC\uC804\uAC1C\uB97C \uC720\uBB3C\uC0AC\uAD00\uB860\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uD574\uC11D\uD558\uBA70, \uC0AC\uD68C \uBCC0\uB3D9\uC744 \uBCC0\uC99D\uBC95\uC801 \uACAC\uD574\uB85C \uD574\uC11D\uD55C\uB2E4. \uB9C8\uB974\uD06C\uC2A4\uC8FC\uC758 \uBC29\uBC95\uB860\uC740 \uACBD\uC81C \uBC0F \uC0AC\uD68C\uC815\uCE58\uC801 \uD0D0\uAD6C\uB97C \uD558\uACE0 \uC774\uB97C \uC790\uBCF8\uC8FC\uC758 \uC804\uAC1C\uC5D0 \uB300\uD55C \uBD84\uC11D \uBC0F \uBE44\uD3C9\uACFC \uCCB4\uC81C\uC0C1\uC758 \uACBD\uC81C \uBCC0\uD654\uB0B4\uC758 \uACC4\uAE09 \uD22C\uC7C1\uC758 \uC5ED\uD560\uC5D0 \uC801\uC6A9\uD55C\uB2E4. 19\uC138\uAE30 \uC911\uD6C4\uBC18 \uB9C8\uB974\uD06C\uC2A4\uC8FC\uC758\uC758 \uC9C0\uC801 \uAD50\uB9AC\uB294 \uB450 \uB3C5\uC77C \uCCA0\uD559\uC790\uB4E4\u2014\uCE74\uB97C \uB9C8\uB974\uD06C\uC2A4\uC640 \uD504\uB9AC\uB4DC\uB9AC\uD788 \uC5E5\uAC94\uC2A4\u2014\uC5D0\uC11C \uC0AC\uC0C1\uC758 \uC601\uAC10\uC744 \uBC1B\uC558\uB2E4. \uB9C8\uB974\uD06C\uC2A4\uC8FC\uC758\uC801 \uBD84\uC11D\uACFC \uBC29\uBC95\uB860\uB4E4\uC740 \uB2E4\uC218\uC758 \uC815\uCE58 \uC774\uB860\uACFC \uC0AC\uD68C\uC6B4\uB3D9\uC5D0 \uC601\uD5A5\uC744 \uC8FC\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uB9C8\uB974\uD06C\uC2A4\uC8FC\uC758\uB294 \uB9C8\uB974\uD06C\uC2A4 \uACBD\uC81C\uD559, \uB9C8\uB974\uD06C\uC2A4\uC8FC\uC758 \uC0AC\uD68C\uD559, \uC815\uCE58\uC801\uC778 (Marx's method) \uBC0F \uC0AC\uD68C \uBCC0\uD654\uC5D0 \uB300\uD55C \uD601\uBA85\uC801 \uC0AC\uD68C\uC8FC\uC758(revolutionary socialism) \uAD00\uC810\uC744 \uC218\uBC18\uD55C\uB2E4."@ko . . . "\u041C\u0430\u0440\u043A\u0441\u0438\u0437\u043C"@ru . . "Marxismo"@pt . "Marxisme"@in . . . . . . . . . . "69"^^ . . "Marxisme"@nl . . "marxism"@en . . . . . . . . . "no"@en . . . . . "The discovery of the materialist conception of history, or rather, the consistent continuation and extension of materialism into the domain of social phenomenon, removed two chief defects of earlier historical theories. In the first place, they at best examined only the ideological motives of the historical activity of human beings, without grasping the objective laws governing the development of the system of social relations. ... in the second place, the earlier theories did not cover the activities of the masses of the population, whereas historical materialism made it possible for the first time to study with scientific accuracy the social conditions of the life of the masses and the changes in these conditions."@en . . . "Marksismo estas politika ideologio, bazita sur la verkaro de Karolo Markso kaj Frederiko Engelso, kaj evoluigita de iliaj dis\u0109iploj (interalie grave de V. I. Lenino), kiu konsistigas la sistemon de filozofiaj, ekonomikaj kaj soci-politikaj ideoj, kiu inkludas: \n* filozofian materiismon kaj dialektikon; \n* la materiisman komprenon de historio (la teorio de sociaj formacioj); \n* la fondon de ekonomiaj le\u011Doj de movi\u011Do de la kapitalisma socio (la teorion de plusvaloro k. a.); \n* la teorion de klasoj kaj de klasa batalo; \n* la teorion de proleta revolucio kaj de transiro al la komunisma socio."@eo . . "Marxism \u00E4r en grupp samh\u00E4lls\u00E5sk\u00E5dningar som bygger p\u00E5 Friedrich Engels och Karl Marx teorier och \u00E4r det paraplybegrepp d\u00E4r socialism, socialdemokrati och kommunism ing\u00E5r. Den andra grenen grundar sig i anarkismen. Marxism betecknar dels en politisk ideologi (fr\u00E4mst i dess ortodoxa form), dels en samling mer eller mindre icke-normativa samh\u00E4llsteorier. Ibland anv\u00E4nds termen revolution\u00E4r marxism f\u00F6r att ange en skillnad mot id\u00E9er som f\u00F6respr\u00E5kar en samh\u00E4llsomvandling genom reformer beslutade inom ramen f\u00F6r det etablerade styrelseskicket."@sv . . 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\u03C1\u03B5\u03CD\u03BC\u03B1 \u03B1\u03C5\u03C4\u03CC (\u039C-\u039B) (\u03C3\u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u0395\u03BB\u03BB\u03AC\u03B4\u03B1 \u03B2\u03BB\u03AD\u03C0\u03B5 \u03C4\u03B1 \u03C0\u03BF\u03BB\u03B9\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AC \u03BA\u03CC\u03BC\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03B1 \u039F\u039C\u039B\u0395, \u039A\u039A\u0395(\u03BC-\u03BB), \u039C-\u039B \u039A\u039A\u0395, \u039A\u039F\u0395, \u03BA.\u03BB\u03C0.) \u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03C6\u03BF\u03C1\u03BF\u03C0\u03BF\u03B9\u03B5\u03AF\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03C4\u03BF \u03B5\u03C0\u03AF\u03C3\u03B7\u03BC\u03BF \u03BA\u03BF\u03BC\u03BC\u03BF\u03C5\u03BD\u03B9\u03C3\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC \u03BA\u03AF\u03BD\u03B7\u03BC\u03B1 (\u03AC\u03C1\u03B1 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03C4\u03BF\u03BD \u00AB\u03B5\u03C0\u03AF\u03C3\u03B7\u03BC\u03BF\u00BB \u03BC\u03B1\u03C1\u03BE\u03B9\u03C3\u03BC\u03CC) \u03BC\u03B5\u03C4\u03AC \u03C4\u03BF\u03BD \u03B8\u03AC\u03BD\u03B1\u03C4\u03BF \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u0399\u03C9\u03C3\u03AE\u03C6 \u03A3\u03C4\u03AC\u03BB\u03B9\u03BD \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C4\u03B7 \u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03B4\u03BF\u03C7\u03AE \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03C4\u03BF\u03BD \u039D\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE\u03C4\u03B1 \u03A7\u03C1\u03BF\u03C5\u03C4\u03C3\u03CC\u03C6."@el . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Marxism"@en . . . . "Marxismo \u00E9 um m\u00E9todo de an\u00E1lise socioecon\u00F4mica sobre as rela\u00E7\u00F5es de classe e conflito social, que utiliza uma interpreta\u00E7\u00E3o materialista do desenvolvimento hist\u00F3rico e uma vis\u00E3o dial\u00E9tica de transforma\u00E7\u00E3o social. A metodologia marxista utiliza inqu\u00E9ritos econ\u00F4micos e sociopol\u00EDticos que se aplicam \u00E0 cr\u00EDtica e an\u00E1lise do desenvolvimento do capitalismo e o papel das lutas de classes na mudan\u00E7a econ\u00F4mica sist\u00EAmica. Na segunda metade do s\u00E9culo XIX, os princ\u00EDpios intelectuais do marxismo foram inspirados por dois fil\u00F3sofos alem\u00E3es: Karl Marx e Friedrich Engels. An\u00E1lises e metodologias marxistas influenciaram v\u00E1rias ideologias pol\u00EDticas e movimentos sociais. O marxismo engloba uma teoria econ\u00F4mica, uma teoria sociol\u00F3gica, um m\u00E9todo filos\u00F3fico e uma vis\u00E3o revolucion\u00E1ria de mudan\u00E7a social."@pt . . . . . . . . . . . . "The theory of Marx, Engels, Lenin and Stalin is universally applicable. We should regard it not as a dogma, but as a guide to action. Studying it is not merely a matter of learning terms and phrases but of learning Marxism-Leninism as the science of revolution. It is not just a matter of understanding the general laws derived by Marx, Engels, Lenin and Stalin from their extensive study of real life and revolutionary experience, but of studying their standpoint and method in examining and solving problems."@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Marxisme adalah sebuah paham yang berdasar pada pandangan-pandangan Karl Marx. Awalnya Marx menyusun sebuah teori besar yang berkaitan dengan sistem ekonomi, sistem sosial, dan sistem politik. Pengikut teori ini disebut sebagai Marxis. Marxisme mencakup materialisme dialektis dan materialisme historis serta penerapannya pada kehidupan sosial."@in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .