. . . . . . "1949-05-27"^^ . . . . "\u041C\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043D \u0413\u0430\u043D\u0441 \u0425\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0430\u043D \u041A\u043D\u0443\u0434\u0441\u0435\u043D (\u0434\u0430\u0442. Martin Hans Christian Knudsen, 15 \u0444\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u043B\u044F, 1871, Hasmark \u2014 27 \u043C\u0430\u044F, 1949, \u041A\u043E\u043F\u0435\u043D\u0433\u0430\u0433\u0435\u043D) \u2014 \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043A, \u043F\u0440\u0435\u043F\u043E\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043B\u0435\u0434\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0432 \u0414\u0430\u0442\u0441\u043A\u043E\u043C \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043D\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u043C \u0443\u043D\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0418\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043D \u0433\u043B\u0430\u0432\u043D\u044B\u043C \u043E\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043E\u043C \u0431\u043B\u0430\u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044F \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044E \u043C\u043E\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0443\u043B\u044F\u0440\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0433\u0430\u0437\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u043E\u0442\u043E\u043A\u0430 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043E\u0442\u043A\u0435 , \u0433\u043B\u0430\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043A\u043E\u043C\u043F\u043E\u043D\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0430 \u043C\u043E\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0443\u043B\u044F\u0440\u043D\u043E-\u043B\u0443\u0447\u0435\u0432\u043E\u0439 \u044D\u043F\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043A\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u041A\u043D\u0443\u0434\u0441\u0435\u043D \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043B \u0443\u043D\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043A\u0443\u044E \u0437\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0442\u0443\u044E \u043C\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043B\u044C \u0432 1895 \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043F\u0435\u043D\u044C \u043C\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043A\u0438 \u0432 \u0441\u043B\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044E\u0449\u0435\u043C \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0443. \u041E\u043D \u043D\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043B \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044C \u043B\u0435\u043A\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043F\u043E \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043A\u0435 \u0432 \u0443\u043D\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0432 1901, \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043B \u043F\u043E\u0441\u0442 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043E\u0440\u0430 \u0432 1912, \u043A\u043E\u0433\u0434\u0430 (1843\u20141917) \u0432\u044B\u0448\u0435\u043B \u043D\u0430 \u043F\u0435\u043D\u0441\u0438\u044E. \u041E\u043D \u0437\u0430\u043D\u0438\u043C\u0430\u043B \u044D\u0442\u043E\u0442 \u043F\u043E\u0441\u0442 \u0434\u043E \u0441\u0432\u043E\u0435\u0433\u043E \u0432\u044B\u0445\u043E\u0434\u0430 \u043D\u0430 \u043F\u0435\u043D\u0441\u0438\u044E \u0432 1941. \u041A\u043D\u0443\u0434\u0441\u0435\u043D \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043B \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043D \u0431\u043B\u0430\u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044F \u0441\u0432\u043E\u0435\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043E\u0442\u0435 \u043F\u043E \u043C\u043E\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0443\u043B\u044F\u0440\u043D\u043E-\u043A\u0438\u043D\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u044F\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F\u0445 \u043F\u0440\u0438 \u043D\u0438\u0437\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F\u0445 \u0432 \u0433\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0445. \u0415\u0433\u043E \u0438\u043C\u044F \u0441\u0432\u044F\u0437\u0430\u043D\u043E \u0441 , \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043B\u043E\u043C \u041A\u043D\u0443\u0434\u0441\u0435\u043D\u0430, \u0438 \u041A\u043D\u0443\u0434\u0441\u0435\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0441\u043A\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u0433\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043C\u0438. \u0422\u0430\u043A\u0436\u0435 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0438 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0431\u043E\u0440\u0430 \u2014 \u0438 . \u0415\u0433\u043E \u043A\u043D\u0438\u0433\u0430 \u041A\u0438\u043D\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0430\u044F \u0442\u0435\u043E\u0440\u0438\u044F \u0433\u0430\u0437\u043E\u0432 (\u041B\u043E\u043D\u0434\u043E\u043D, 1934) \u0441\u043E\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044B \u0435\u0433\u043E \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043B\u0435\u0434\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0439. \u0422\u0430\u043A\u0436\u0435 \u041A\u043D\u0443\u0434\u0441\u0435\u043D \u0430\u043A\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043D\u043E \u0437\u0430\u043D\u0438\u043C\u0430\u043B\u0441\u044F \u043E\u043A\u0435\u0430\u043D\u043E\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0435\u0439, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0442\u044B\u0432\u0430\u043B \u043C\u0435\u0442\u043E\u0434\u044B \u043E\u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0441\u0432\u043E\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u043C\u043E\u0440\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0432\u043E\u0434\u044B. \u041E\u043D \u0431\u044B\u043B \u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043A\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043C \u0413\u0438\u0434\u0440\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043B\u0438\u0446 (\u041A\u043E\u043F\u0435\u043D\u0433\u0430\u0433\u0435\u043D-\u041B\u043E\u043D\u0434\u043E\u043D, 1901). \u0411\u044B\u043B \u043D\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0451\u043D \u043C\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043B\u044C\u044E \u0410\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0441\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u0410\u0433\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0437\u0430 \u0410\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u043D\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043E\u043D\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0430\u043A\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043C\u0438\u0438 \u043D\u0430\u0443\u043A \u0432 1936."@ru . . . . . . . . "Martin Hans Christian Knudsen foi um f\u00EDsico e ocean\u00F3grafo dinamarqu\u00EAs. Foi professor na , sucessor de Christian Christiansen. Recebeu em 1935 a medalha Alexander Agassiz da Academia Nacional de Ci\u00EAncias dos Estados Unidos. Participou da 1\u00AA, 2\u00AA, 3\u00AA e 5\u00AA Confer\u00EAncia de Solvay."@pt . "1871-02-15"^^ . . . . . . . . "\u30DE\u30EB\u30C6\u30A3\u30F3\u30FB\u30CF\u30F3\u30B9\u30FB\u30AF\u30EA\u30B9\u30C1\u30E3\u30F3\u30FB\u30AF\u30CC\u30FC\u30BB\u30F3\uFF08Martin Hans Christian Knudsen\u30011871\u5E742\u670815\u65E5 - 1949\u5E745\u670827\u65E5\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u30C7\u30F3\u30DE\u30FC\u30AF\u306E\u7269\u7406\u5B66\u8005\u30FB\u6D77\u6D0B\u5B66\u8005\u30FB\u5730\u7403\u79D1\u5B66\u8005\u3002 \u6D77\u6C34\u4E2D\u306E\u300C\u5869\u5206\u300D\u3092\u5B9A\u7FA9\u3059\u308B\u306A\u3069\u6D77\u6D0B\u5316\u5B66\u306E\u5206\u91CE\u3067\u591A\u304F\u306E\u8CA2\u732E\u3092\u884C\u3044\u3001\u300C\u8FD1\u4EE3\u6D77\u6D0B\u5B66\u306E\u958B\u7956\u300D\u3068\u547C\u3070\u308C\u308B\u3002\u307E\u305F\u7269\u7406\u5B66\u8005\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3082\u5E0C\u8584\u306A\u6C17\u4F53\u306B\u95A2\u3059\u308B\u7814\u7A76\u3092\u884C\u3044\u3001\u6D41\u4F53\u529B\u5B66\u3067\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308C\u308B\u7121\u6B21\u5143\u91CF\u306E\u3072\u3068\u3064\u3067\u3042\u308B\u30AF\u30CC\u30FC\u30BB\u30F3\u6570\u306B\u540D\u524D\u3092\u6B8B\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u9A6C\u4E01\u00B7\u514B\u52AA\u68EE\uFF08Martin Hans Christian Knudsen\uFF0C\uFF081871\u5E742\u670815\u65E5\uFF0D1949\u5E745\u670827\u65E5\uFF09\uFF09\u662F\u4E00\u540D\u4E39\u9EA6\u7269\u7406\u5B66\u5BB6\uFF0C\u5728\u4E39\u9EA6\u6280\u672F\u5927\u5B66\u4EFB\u6559\u548C\u7814\u7A76\u3002"@zh . . "Martin Knudsen (natuurkundige)"@nl . . . . . . "\u041C\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043D \u0413\u0430\u043D\u0441 \u0425\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0430\u043D \u041A\u043D\u0443\u0434\u0441\u0435\u043D (\u0434\u0430\u0442. Martin Hans Christian Knudsen, 15 \u0444\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u043B\u044F, 1871, Hasmark \u2014 27 \u043C\u0430\u044F, 1949, \u041A\u043E\u043F\u0435\u043D\u0433\u0430\u0433\u0435\u043D) \u2014 \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043A, \u043F\u0440\u0435\u043F\u043E\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043B\u0435\u0434\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0432 \u0414\u0430\u0442\u0441\u043A\u043E\u043C \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043D\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u043C \u0443\u043D\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0418\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043D \u0433\u043B\u0430\u0432\u043D\u044B\u043C \u043E\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043E\u043C \u0431\u043B\u0430\u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044F \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044E \u043C\u043E\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0443\u043B\u044F\u0440\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0433\u0430\u0437\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u043E\u0442\u043E\u043A\u0430 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043E\u0442\u043A\u0435 , \u0433\u043B\u0430\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043A\u043E\u043C\u043F\u043E\u043D\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0430 \u043C\u043E\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0443\u043B\u044F\u0440\u043D\u043E-\u043B\u0443\u0447\u0435\u0432\u043E\u0439 \u044D\u043F\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043A\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u0422\u0430\u043A\u0436\u0435 \u041A\u043D\u0443\u0434\u0441\u0435\u043D \u0430\u043A\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043D\u043E \u0437\u0430\u043D\u0438\u043C\u0430\u043B\u0441\u044F \u043E\u043A\u0435\u0430\u043D\u043E\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0435\u0439, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0442\u044B\u0432\u0430\u043B \u043C\u0435\u0442\u043E\u0434\u044B \u043E\u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0441\u0432\u043E\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u043C\u043E\u0440\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0432\u043E\u0434\u044B. \u041E\u043D \u0431\u044B\u043B \u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043A\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043C \u0413\u0438\u0434\u0440\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043B\u0438\u0446 (\u041A\u043E\u043F\u0435\u043D\u0433\u0430\u0433\u0435\u043D-\u041B\u043E\u043D\u0434\u043E\u043D, 1901)."@ru . . . . . . . . . "\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062A\u0646 \u0643\u0646\u0648\u062F\u0633\u0646"@ar . "1659778"^^ . "Martin Hans Christian Knudsen \u00E8 stato un fisico danese. Fu ricercatore alla Universit\u00E0 tecnica della Danimarca, dove ricevette una medaglia d'oro nel 1895 e divenne professore nel 1912. Negli anni 1895-1896 partecip\u00F2 in qualit\u00E0 di idrografo alla spedizione Ingolf. Nell'ambito dell'oceanografia, svilupp\u00F2 dei metodi per la determinazione delle propriet\u00E0 dell'acqua di mare e nel 1901 pubblic\u00F2 Hydrological Tables. Nel 1934 pubblic\u00F2 The Kinetic Theory of Gases, che contiene molti risultati della sua ricerca. Nel 1935 gli fu assegnata la della National Academy of Sciences."@it . "\u9A6C\u4E01\u00B7\u514B\u52AA\u68EE"@zh . . . . . "Martin Hans Christian Knudsen (n\u00E9 le 15 f\u00E9vrier 1871 \u00E0 Hansmark, d\u00E9c\u00E9d\u00E9 le 27 mai 1949 \u00E0 Copenhague) est un physicien danois ayant enseign\u00E9 et conduit ses recherches \u00E0 l'Universit\u00E9 technique du Danemark."@fr . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\uB9C8\uB974\uD2F4 \uD55C\uC2A4 \uD06C\uB9AC\uC2A4\uD2F0\uC548 \uD06C\uB204\uC13C(Martin Hans Christian Knudsen, 1871\uB144 2\uC6D4 15\uC77C ~ 1949\uB144 5\uC6D4 27\uC77C)\uC740 \uB374\uB9C8\uD06C\uC758 \uBB3C\uB9AC\uD559\uC790\uC774\uC790 \uD574\uC591\uD559\uC790\uC774\uB2E4. \uC800\uC555\uC0C1\uD0DC\uC758 \uAE30\uCCB4 \uC131\uC9C8\uC5D0 \uAD00\uD574 \uC5F0\uAD6C\uD558\uB2E4 \uBD84\uC790\uD655\uC0B0\uC758 \uBC95\uCE59\uC5D0 \uC774\uB974\uB800\uB2E4. \uC9C0\uAE08\uB3C4 \uADF8\uC758 \uC774\uB984\uC744 \uB534 \uD06C\uB204\uC13C \uC720\uCCB4\uC555\uB825\uACC4\uAC00 \uC0AC\uC6A9\uB418\uACE0 \uC788\uB2E4. \uB610\uD55C \uB3D9\uB8CC\uC640 \uD568\uAED8 '\uC5FC\uBD84\uBE44\uC77C\uC815\uC758 \uBC95\uCE59'\uC744 \uBC1D\uD600\uB0C8\uB2E4. \uC774\uB294 \uBC14\uB2F7\uBB3C \uC18D\uC5D0 \uB179\uC544 \uC788\uB294 \uC5FC\uBD84\uC758 \uC804\uCCB4 \uC591\uC740 \uBC14\uB2F7\uBB3C\uC5D0 \uB530\uB77C \uB2E4\uB97C \uC218 \uC788\uC9C0\uB9CC, \uC5FC\uBD84\uC758 \uC0C1\uB300\uC801\uC778 \uBE44\uC728\uC740 \uC5B8\uC81C\uB098 \uC77C\uC815\uD558\uB2E4\uB294 \uBC95\uCE59\uC774\uB2E4. \uB610\uD55C \uC5FC\uBD84\uC758 \uAE30\uC900\uC73C\uB85C \uC5FC\uC18C\uC758 \uC591\uC744 \uCE21\uC815\uD558\uC5EC \uC804\uCCB4 \uC5FC\uBD84\uC744 \uAC04\uB2E8\uD788 \uCE21\uC815\uD560 \uC218 \uC788\uB294 \uC2E4\uD5D8 \uAE30\uBC95\uACFC \uC2E4\uD5D8\uC2DD \uB4F1\uC744 \uBC1C\uD45C\uD588\uB2E4. \uADF8 \uBC16\uC5D0 \uD604\uB300 \uD574\uC591\uD559\uC5D0\uC11C \uC911\uC694\uD55C \uC9C0\uD45C\uAC00 \uB418\uB294 \uD45C\uC900\uD574\uC218\uB97C \uC791\uC131\uD558\uACE0 \uD574\uC591\uC0C1\uC6A9\uD45C\uB97C \uB9CC\uB4E4\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uC774 \uBB38\uC11C\uC5D0\uB294 \uB2E4\uC74C\uCEE4\uBBA4\uB2C8\uCF00\uC774\uC158(\uD604 \uCE74\uCE74\uC624)\uC5D0\uC11C GFDL \uB610\uB294 CC-SA \uB77C\uC774\uC120\uC2A4\uB85C \uBC30\uD3EC\uD55C \uAE00\uB85C\uBC8C \uC138\uACC4\uB300\uBC31\uACFC\uC0AC\uC804\uC758 \uB0B4\uC6A9\uC744 \uAE30\uCD08\uB85C \uC791\uC131\uB41C \uAE00\uC774 \uD3EC\uD568\uB418\uC5B4 \uC788\uC2B5\uB2C8\uB2E4."@ko . . "Martin Knudsen"@en . . "Martin Hans Christian Knudsen (February 15, 1871 in Hasmark on Funen \u2013 May 27, 1949 in Copenhagen) was a Danish physicist who taught and conducted research at the Technical University of Denmark. He is primarily known for his study of molecular gas flow and the development of the Knudsen cell, which is a primary component of molecular beam epitaxy systems. Knudsen received the University's gold medal in 1895 and earned his master's degree in physics the following year. He became lecturer in physics at the University in 1901 and professor in 1912, when Christian Christiansen (1843\u20131917) retired. He held this post until his own retirement in 1941. Knudsen was renowned for his work on kinetic-molecular theory and in gases. His name is associated with the Knudsen flow, Knudsen diffusion, Knudsen number, Knudsen layer and Knudsen gases. Also there is the Knudsen equation; two instruments, the Knudsen absolute manometer and ; and one gas pump that operates without moving parts, the Knudsen pump. His book, The Kinetic Theory of Gases (London, 1934), contains the main results of his research. Knudsen was also very active in physical oceanography, developing methods of defining properties of seawater. He participated as hydrographer on the Ingolf expedition in the North Atlantic in 1895-96. By means of his for the purpose constructed precision thermometer, capable of measuring water temperature in the deep sea with a precision of 1/100\u00B0C, it was demonstrated that the water masses at the sea floor north of the Wyville Thompson Ridge were consistently a few degrees colder than south of the ridge and likely explained the differences in the deep sea fauna on either sides of the ridge. He was editor of Hydrological Tables (Copenhagen\u2013London, 1901). In 1927, he was one of the participants of the fifth Solvay Conference on Physics that took place at the International Solvay Institute for Physics in Belgium. He was awarded the Alexander Agassiz Medal of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences in 1936. He was made a Commander First Class of the Order of the Dannebrog."@en . . . . . . . . "Martin Knudsen, f\u00F6dd 15 februari 1871, d\u00F6d 27 maj 1949, var en dansk fysiker. Knudsen blev docent vid K\u00F6penhamns universitet 1901 och professor d\u00E4r 1912. 1918 blev han filosofie hedersdoktor vid Lunds universitet. Knudsen sysslade tidigt med hydrografiska problem och blev 1902 f\u00F6rest\u00E5ndare f\u00F6r Hydrografisk Laboratorium i K\u00F6penhamn. Som fysiker gjorde han sig mest k\u00E4nd f\u00F6r sina unders\u00F6kningar \u00F6ver gasernas egenskaper vid l\u00E5ga tryck, s\u00E4rskilt de egenartade f\u00F6rh\u00E5llanden som uppkommer d\u00E5 molekylernas fria medelv\u00E4gl\u00E4ngd uppn\u00E5r avsev\u00E4rd storlek. P\u00E5 sina forskningar inom detta omr\u00E5de grundade Knudsen konstruktionen av en manometer f\u00F6r m\u00E4tning av mycket l\u00E5ga tryck. Knudsen unders\u00F6kte \u00E4ven radiometerkraften. Bland Knudsens skrifter m\u00E4rks L\u00E6rebog i Fysik (1923)."@sv . "\u041A\u043D\u0443\u0434\u0441\u0435\u043D, \u041C\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043D"@ru . . . . . "\uB9C8\uB974\uD2F4 \uD06C\uB204\uC13C"@ko . "Martin Knudsen"@fr . . "Martin Knudsen, f\u00F6dd 15 februari 1871, d\u00F6d 27 maj 1949, var en dansk fysiker. Knudsen blev docent vid K\u00F6penhamns universitet 1901 och professor d\u00E4r 1912. 1918 blev han filosofie hedersdoktor vid Lunds universitet. Knudsen sysslade tidigt med hydrografiska problem och blev 1902 f\u00F6rest\u00E5ndare f\u00F6r Hydrografisk Laboratorium i K\u00F6penhamn. Som fysiker gjorde han sig mest k\u00E4nd f\u00F6r sina unders\u00F6kningar \u00F6ver gasernas egenskaper vid l\u00E5ga tryck, s\u00E4rskilt de egenartade f\u00F6rh\u00E5llanden som uppkommer d\u00E5 molekylernas fria medelv\u00E4gl\u00E4ngd uppn\u00E5r avsev\u00E4rd storlek. P\u00E5 sina forskningar inom detta omr\u00E5de grundade Knudsen konstruktionen av en manometer f\u00F6r m\u00E4tning av mycket l\u00E5ga tryck. Knudsen unders\u00F6kte \u00E4ven radiometerkraften. Bland Knudsens skrifter m\u00E4rks L\u00E6rebog i Fysik (1923)."@sv . . "Martin Hans Christian Knudsen (February 15, 1871 in Hasmark on Funen \u2013 May 27, 1949 in Copenhagen) was a Danish physicist who taught and conducted research at the Technical University of Denmark. He is primarily known for his study of molecular gas flow and the development of the Knudsen cell, which is a primary component of molecular beam epitaxy systems. He was awarded the Alexander Agassiz Medal of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences in 1936. He was made a Commander First Class of the Order of the Dannebrog."@en . . . . . . "\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062A\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u0646\u0632 \u0643\u0631\u064A\u0633\u062A\u064A\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0646\u0648\u062F\u0633\u0646 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062F\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064A\u0629: Martin Knudsen)\u200F (\u0648\u0644\u062F 15 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064A\u0631 1871 \u0641\u064A (\u0627\u0644\u062F\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643) \u060C \u062A\u0648\u0641\u064A \u0641\u064A 27 \u0645\u0627\u064A\u0648 1949 \u0641\u064A \u0643\u0648\u0628\u0646\u0647\u0627\u063A\u0646) \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0627\u0626\u064A \u062F\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064A\u060C \u062F\u0631\u0633 \u0648 \u0648\u0623\u062C\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u062D\u0648\u062B\u0647 \u0641\u064A . \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u062E\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627 \u0628\u062F\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062A\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062A\u062F\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0632\u064A\u0626\u064A\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063A\u0627\u0632 \u060C \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u060C \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0631\u0626\u064A\u0633\u064A \u0641\u064A \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 ."@ar . "Martin Hans Christian Knudsen fue un f\u00EDsico dan\u00E9s que ense\u00F1\u00F3 y dirigi\u00F3 investigaciones en la Danmarks Tekniske Universitet (Universidad T\u00E9cnica de Dinamarca). Es conocido principalmente por sus estudios sobre el flujo molecular de los gases y el desarrollo de las , un componente primario de los sistemas de crecimiento epitaxial por haces moleculares. En el a\u00F1o 1895 Knudsen recibi\u00F3 la medalla de oro de la universidad y obtuvo su m\u00E1ster en f\u00EDsica al a\u00F1o siguiente. Unos a\u00F1os despu\u00E9s, en 1901, comenz\u00F3 su labor docente en la universidad, pero no fue hasta 1912 cuando pas\u00F3 a ser profesor de f\u00EDsica, despu\u00E9s de que Christian Christiansen (1843-1917) se retirara. Knudsen mantuvo este puesto hasta su propia jubilaci\u00F3n en 1941. Knudsen es muy conocido por su trabajo en la teor\u00EDa cin\u00E9tica molecular y acerca de los fen\u00F3menos en gases a baja presi\u00F3n. Como consecuencia de su reconocimiento, su nombre aparece en varios conceptos e instrumentos cient\u00EDficos: el , el n\u00FAmero de Knudsen, la , los gases de Knudsen, la , el , el y la , una bomba que trabaja sin partes m\u00F3viles. Su libro The Kinetic Theory of Gases (\u00ABTeor\u00EDa cin\u00E9tica de los gases\u00BB, Londres, 1934) contiene los resultados principales de sus investigaciones. Particip\u00F3 en la primera, la segunda, la tercera y la quinta Conferencias Solvay. Asimismo, Knudsen fue un cient\u00EDfico muy activo en la oceanograf\u00EDa f\u00EDsica, pues desarroll\u00F3 m\u00E9todos para definir las propiedades del agua marina. En relaci\u00F3n con este campo fue editor de Hydrological Tables (Copenhague-Londres, 1901). Se le otorg\u00F3 la de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias de Estados Unidos en el a\u00F1o 1935."@es . . "1118928333"^^ . "Martin Hans Christian Knudsen \u00E8 stato un fisico danese. Fu ricercatore alla Universit\u00E0 tecnica della Danimarca, dove ricevette una medaglia d'oro nel 1895 e divenne professore nel 1912. Negli anni 1895-1896 partecip\u00F2 in qualit\u00E0 di idrografo alla spedizione Ingolf. Nell'ambito dell'oceanografia, svilupp\u00F2 dei metodi per la determinazione delle propriet\u00E0 dell'acqua di mare e nel 1901 pubblic\u00F2 Hydrological Tables. Nel 1934 pubblic\u00F2 The Kinetic Theory of Gases, che contiene molti risultati della sua ricerca. Nel 1935 gli fu assegnata la della National Academy of Sciences. \u00C8 noto principalmente per i suoi studi sul moto convettivo dei gas in mezzi porosi (il cosiddetto ) e per lo sviluppo della (che \u00E8 un componente dei sistemi MBE). Svolse inoltre studi sulla teoria cinetica dei gas. A lui si deve il numero di Knudsen (un numero adimensionale che rappresenta il rapporto tra il cammino libero medio di una molecola e lo spazio entro cui tale molecola si muove), lo (che rappresenta l'interfase tra liquido e vapore), il (un modello teorico che ignora le collisioni tra le molecole del gas), il e la ."@it . . . . . "\u00D8rsted Medal"@en . . . . . "Martin Hans Christian Knudsen (* 15. Februar 1871 in ; \u2020 27. Mai 1949 in Kopenhagen) war ein d\u00E4nischer Physiker und Ozeanograph. Er war Erfinder des Strahlungsmessers und der zugeh\u00F6rigen Berechnungsgleichung. Knudsen war von 1912 bis 1941 als Nachfolger von Christian Christiansen Professor an der Universit\u00E4t Kopenhagen. Im akademischen Jahr 1927/28 amtierte er als Rektor der Universit\u00E4t. 1909 wurde er Mitglied der K\u00F6niglich D\u00E4nischen Akademie der Wissenschaften und diente von 1917 bis 1945 als deren Sekret\u00E4r. Er wurde auch in zahlreiche weitere Akademien berufen, u. a. die von G\u00F6ttingen, Berlin, Uppsala und Lund. 1936 wurde er mit der Alexander Agassiz Medal der National Academy of Sciences ausgezeichnet. Nach ihm wurden benannt: die Knudsen-Diffusion, das Knudsen-Gas, die Knudsenstr\u00F6mung, die Knudsen-Zahl, die Knudsenzelle und die ."@de . . . . . . "\uB9C8\uB974\uD2F4 \uD55C\uC2A4 \uD06C\uB9AC\uC2A4\uD2F0\uC548 \uD06C\uB204\uC13C(Martin Hans Christian Knudsen, 1871\uB144 2\uC6D4 15\uC77C ~ 1949\uB144 5\uC6D4 27\uC77C)\uC740 \uB374\uB9C8\uD06C\uC758 \uBB3C\uB9AC\uD559\uC790\uC774\uC790 \uD574\uC591\uD559\uC790\uC774\uB2E4. \uC800\uC555\uC0C1\uD0DC\uC758 \uAE30\uCCB4 \uC131\uC9C8\uC5D0 \uAD00\uD574 \uC5F0\uAD6C\uD558\uB2E4 \uBD84\uC790\uD655\uC0B0\uC758 \uBC95\uCE59\uC5D0 \uC774\uB974\uB800\uB2E4. \uC9C0\uAE08\uB3C4 \uADF8\uC758 \uC774\uB984\uC744 \uB534 \uD06C\uB204\uC13C \uC720\uCCB4\uC555\uB825\uACC4\uAC00 \uC0AC\uC6A9\uB418\uACE0 \uC788\uB2E4. \uB610\uD55C \uB3D9\uB8CC\uC640 \uD568\uAED8 '\uC5FC\uBD84\uBE44\uC77C\uC815\uC758 \uBC95\uCE59'\uC744 \uBC1D\uD600\uB0C8\uB2E4. \uC774\uB294 \uBC14\uB2F7\uBB3C \uC18D\uC5D0 \uB179\uC544 \uC788\uB294 \uC5FC\uBD84\uC758 \uC804\uCCB4 \uC591\uC740 \uBC14\uB2F7\uBB3C\uC5D0 \uB530\uB77C \uB2E4\uB97C \uC218 \uC788\uC9C0\uB9CC, \uC5FC\uBD84\uC758 \uC0C1\uB300\uC801\uC778 \uBE44\uC728\uC740 \uC5B8\uC81C\uB098 \uC77C\uC815\uD558\uB2E4\uB294 \uBC95\uCE59\uC774\uB2E4. \uB610\uD55C \uC5FC\uBD84\uC758 \uAE30\uC900\uC73C\uB85C \uC5FC\uC18C\uC758 \uC591\uC744 \uCE21\uC815\uD558\uC5EC \uC804\uCCB4 \uC5FC\uBD84\uC744 \uAC04\uB2E8\uD788 \uCE21\uC815\uD560 \uC218 \uC788\uB294 \uC2E4\uD5D8 \uAE30\uBC95\uACFC \uC2E4\uD5D8\uC2DD \uB4F1\uC744 \uBC1C\uD45C\uD588\uB2E4. \uADF8 \uBC16\uC5D0 \uD604\uB300 \uD574\uC591\uD559\uC5D0\uC11C \uC911\uC694\uD55C \uC9C0\uD45C\uAC00 \uB418\uB294 \uD45C\uC900\uD574\uC218\uB97C \uC791\uC131\uD558\uACE0 \uD574\uC591\uC0C1\uC6A9\uD45C\uB97C \uB9CC\uB4E4\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uC774 \uBB38\uC11C\uC5D0\uB294 \uB2E4\uC74C\uCEE4\uBBA4\uB2C8\uCF00\uC774\uC158(\uD604 \uCE74\uCE74\uC624)\uC5D0\uC11C GFDL \uB610\uB294 CC-SA \uB77C\uC774\uC120\uC2A4\uB85C \uBC30\uD3EC\uD55C \uAE00\uB85C\uBC8C \uC138\uACC4\uB300\uBC31\uACFC\uC0AC\uC804\uC758 \uB0B4\uC6A9\uC744 \uAE30\uCD08\uB85C \uC791\uC131\uB41C \uAE00\uC774 \uD3EC\uD568\uB418\uC5B4 \uC788\uC2B5\uB2C8\uB2E4."@ko . . . . "Martin Knudsen"@sv . . . . . . "Martin Hans Christian Knudsen (n\u00E9 le 15 f\u00E9vrier 1871 \u00E0 Hansmark, d\u00E9c\u00E9d\u00E9 le 27 mai 1949 \u00E0 Copenhague) est un physicien danois ayant enseign\u00E9 et conduit ses recherches \u00E0 l'Universit\u00E9 technique du Danemark."@fr . "Martin Knudsen"@pl . . . . . "Martin Hans Christian Knudsen (ur. 15 lutego 1871 w Hasmark, zm. 27 maja 1949 w Kopenhadze) - du\u0144ski fizyk. Najwa\u017Cniejsze osi\u0105gni\u0119cia naukowe Knudsena dotycz\u0105 kinetyczno-molekularnej teorii gaz\u00F3w, szczeg\u00F3lnie w obszarach niskich ci\u015Bnie\u0144. Z jego nazwiskiem wi\u0105\u017C\u0105 si\u0119 takie poj\u0119cia, jak liczba Knudsena, dyfuzja Knudsena i przep\u0142yw Knudsena. G\u0142\u00F3wne wyniki swoich bada\u0144 zebra\u0142 w ksi\u0105\u017Cce The Kinetic Theory of Gases (London, 1934)."@pl . . . . . . "Martin Knudsen"@de . . "Martin Hans Christian Knudsen fue un f\u00EDsico dan\u00E9s que ense\u00F1\u00F3 y dirigi\u00F3 investigaciones en la Danmarks Tekniske Universitet (Universidad T\u00E9cnica de Dinamarca). Es conocido principalmente por sus estudios sobre el flujo molecular de los gases y el desarrollo de las , un componente primario de los sistemas de crecimiento epitaxial por haces moleculares. Se le otorg\u00F3 la de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias de Estados Unidos en el a\u00F1o 1935."@es . "Hasmark, Otterup"@en . . . . . . . "Martin Knudsen"@es . . . . . . . . . . "\u9A6C\u4E01\u00B7\u514B\u52AA\u68EE\uFF08Martin Hans Christian Knudsen\uFF0C\uFF081871\u5E742\u670815\u65E5\uFF0D1949\u5E745\u670827\u65E5\uFF09\uFF09\u662F\u4E00\u540D\u4E39\u9EA6\u7269\u7406\u5B66\u5BB6\uFF0C\u5728\u4E39\u9EA6\u6280\u672F\u5927\u5B66\u4EFB\u6559\u548C\u7814\u7A76\u3002"@zh . . . . . . . "Martin Knudsen"@pt . . "\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062A\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u0646\u0632 \u0643\u0631\u064A\u0633\u062A\u064A\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0646\u0648\u062F\u0633\u0646 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062F\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064A\u0629: Martin Knudsen)\u200F (\u0648\u0644\u062F 15 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064A\u0631 1871 \u0641\u064A (\u0627\u0644\u062F\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643) \u060C \u062A\u0648\u0641\u064A \u0641\u064A 27 \u0645\u0627\u064A\u0648 1949 \u0641\u064A \u0643\u0648\u0628\u0646\u0647\u0627\u063A\u0646) \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0627\u0626\u064A \u062F\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064A\u060C \u062F\u0631\u0633 \u0648 \u0648\u0623\u062C\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u062D\u0648\u062B\u0647 \u0641\u064A . \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u062E\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627 \u0628\u062F\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062A\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062A\u062F\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0632\u064A\u0626\u064A\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063A\u0627\u0632 \u060C \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u060C \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0631\u0626\u064A\u0633\u064A \u0641\u064A \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 ."@ar . "Martin Hans Christian Knudsen (ur. 15 lutego 1871 w Hasmark, zm. 27 maja 1949 w Kopenhadze) - du\u0144ski fizyk. Najwa\u017Cniejsze osi\u0105gni\u0119cia naukowe Knudsena dotycz\u0105 kinetyczno-molekularnej teorii gaz\u00F3w, szczeg\u00F3lnie w obszarach niskich ci\u015Bnie\u0144. Z jego nazwiskiem wi\u0105\u017C\u0105 si\u0119 takie poj\u0119cia, jak liczba Knudsena, dyfuzja Knudsena i przep\u0142yw Knudsena. G\u0142\u00F3wne wyniki swoich bada\u0144 zebra\u0142 w ksi\u0105\u017Cce The Kinetic Theory of Gases (London, 1934)."@pl . . . . . . . "1871-02-15"^^ . . "\u30DE\u30EB\u30C6\u30A3\u30F3\u30FB\u30AF\u30CC\u30FC\u30BB\u30F3"@ja . . . "1949-05-27"^^ . "Martin Hans Christian Knudsen (* 15. Februar 1871 in ; \u2020 27. Mai 1949 in Kopenhagen) war ein d\u00E4nischer Physiker und Ozeanograph. Er war Erfinder des Strahlungsmessers und der zugeh\u00F6rigen Berechnungsgleichung. Knudsen war von 1912 bis 1941 als Nachfolger von Christian Christiansen Professor an der Universit\u00E4t Kopenhagen. Im akademischen Jahr 1927/28 amtierte er als Rektor der Universit\u00E4t. Nach ihm wurden benannt: die Knudsen-Diffusion, das Knudsen-Gas, die Knudsenstr\u00F6mung, die Knudsen-Zahl, die Knudsenzelle und die ."@de . . . . . . . "Martin Hans Christian Knudsen was een Deens natuurkundige die les gaf en onderzoek deed aan de Technische Universiteit Kopenhagen. Hij is voornamelijk bekend om zijn onderzoek naar de stroming van moleculaire gassen en de ontwikkeling van de , die een belangrijk onderdeel uitmaakt van systemen voor molecuulbundelepitaxie (molecular beam epitaxy). Ook heeft hij zijn naam gegeven aan een fysische transportverschijnsel, namelijk de knudsendiffusie."@nl . "Martin Knudsen"@en . "Martin Hans Christian Knudsen foi um f\u00EDsico e ocean\u00F3grafo dinamarqu\u00EAs. Foi professor na , sucessor de Christian Christiansen. Recebeu em 1935 a medalha Alexander Agassiz da Academia Nacional de Ci\u00EAncias dos Estados Unidos. Participou da 1\u00AA, 2\u00AA, 3\u00AA e 5\u00AA Confer\u00EAncia de Solvay."@pt . "Martin Knudsen (fisico)"@it . "Martin Knudsen, 1934 in London"@en . . . "Martin Knudsen"@en . "\u30DE\u30EB\u30C6\u30A3\u30F3\u30FB\u30CF\u30F3\u30B9\u30FB\u30AF\u30EA\u30B9\u30C1\u30E3\u30F3\u30FB\u30AF\u30CC\u30FC\u30BB\u30F3\uFF08Martin Hans Christian Knudsen\u30011871\u5E742\u670815\u65E5 - 1949\u5E745\u670827\u65E5\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u30C7\u30F3\u30DE\u30FC\u30AF\u306E\u7269\u7406\u5B66\u8005\u30FB\u6D77\u6D0B\u5B66\u8005\u30FB\u5730\u7403\u79D1\u5B66\u8005\u3002 \u6D77\u6C34\u4E2D\u306E\u300C\u5869\u5206\u300D\u3092\u5B9A\u7FA9\u3059\u308B\u306A\u3069\u6D77\u6D0B\u5316\u5B66\u306E\u5206\u91CE\u3067\u591A\u304F\u306E\u8CA2\u732E\u3092\u884C\u3044\u3001\u300C\u8FD1\u4EE3\u6D77\u6D0B\u5B66\u306E\u958B\u7956\u300D\u3068\u547C\u3070\u308C\u308B\u3002\u307E\u305F\u7269\u7406\u5B66\u8005\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3082\u5E0C\u8584\u306A\u6C17\u4F53\u306B\u95A2\u3059\u308B\u7814\u7A76\u3092\u884C\u3044\u3001\u6D41\u4F53\u529B\u5B66\u3067\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308C\u308B\u7121\u6B21\u5143\u91CF\u306E\u3072\u3068\u3064\u3067\u3042\u308B\u30AF\u30CC\u30FC\u30BB\u30F3\u6570\u306B\u540D\u524D\u3092\u6B8B\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002"@ja . "5642"^^ . . . "Martin Hans Christian Knudsen was een Deens natuurkundige die les gaf en onderzoek deed aan de Technische Universiteit Kopenhagen. Hij is voornamelijk bekend om zijn onderzoek naar de stroming van moleculaire gassen en de ontwikkeling van de , die een belangrijk onderdeel uitmaakt van systemen voor molecuulbundelepitaxie (molecular beam epitaxy). Ook heeft hij zijn naam gegeven aan een fysische transportverschijnsel, namelijk de knudsendiffusie."@nl . . .