. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "List of landmark court decisions in the United States"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "390"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Landmark court decisions in the United States change the interpretation of existing law. Such a decision may settle the law in more than one way: \n* establishing a significant new legal principle or concept; \n* overturning prior precedent based on its negative effects or flaws in its reasoning; \n* distinguishing a new principle that refines a prior principle, thus departing from prior practice without violating the rule of stare decisis; \n* establishing a test or a measurable standard that can be applied by courts in future decisions. In the United States, landmark court decisions come most frequently from the Supreme Court. United States courts of appeals may also make such decisions, particularly if the Supreme Court chooses not to review the case or if it adopts the holding of the lower court, such as in Smith v. Collin. Although many cases from state supreme courts are significant in developing the law of that state, only a few are so revolutionary that they announce standards that many other state courts then choose to follow."@en . . . . . . . . . . . . "138587"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u672C\u6761\u76EE\u6536\u5F55\u7F8E\u56FD\u6CD5\u9662\u5728\u516C\u6C11\u6743\u9886\u57DF\u5185\u4F5C\u51FA\u7684\u5177\u6709\u91CC\u7A0B\u7891\u610F\u4E49\u7684\u91CD\u5927\u5F71\u54CD\u529B\u5224\u4F8B\u3002\u201C\u5177\u6709\u91CC\u7A0B\u7891\u610F\u4E49\u201D\u5224\u4F8B\uFF08\u5728\u82F1\u56FD\u5F80\u5F80\u79F0\u4E3Aleading cases\uFF09\u901A\u5E38\u662F\u5BF9\u5BAA\u6CD5\u53CA\u6CD5\u5F8B\u4E2D\u5BCC\u6709\u4E89\u8BAE\u6027\u7684\u6CD5\u5F8B\u95EE\u9898\u4F5C\u51FA\u7684\u91CD\u8981\u7684\u89E3\u91CA\u548C\u6307\u5F15\uFF0C\u5176\u901A\u8FC7\u4EE5\u4E0B\u591A\u79CD\u65B9\u5F0F\u5BF9\u6CD5\u5F8B\u7684\u89E3\u91CA\u505A\u51FA\u6539\u53D8\uFF1A \n* \u786E\u7ACB\u4E00\u9879\u91CD\u8981\u7684\u65B0\u6CD5\u5F8B\u539F\u5219\u6216\u65B0\u6982\u5FF5\uFF1B \n* \u56E0\u67D0\u9879\u5728\u5148\u6848\u4F8B\u4E2D\u5B58\u5728\u8D1F\u9762\u5F71\u54CD\u6216\u7F3A\u9677\u800C\u5C06\u5176\u63A8\u7FFB\uFF1B \n* \u4ECE\u5728\u5148\u7684\u6CD5\u5F8B\u539F\u5219\u4E2D\u53D1\u5C55\u51FA\u66F4\u5B8C\u5584\u7684\u65B0\u539F\u5219\uFF0C\u5728\u4E0D\u8FDD\u53CD\u5C0A\u91CD\u5148\u4F8B\u7684\u539F\u5219\u4E0B\u505A\u51FA\u6709\u533A\u522B\u7684\u65B0\u5224\u4F8B\uFF1B \n* \u786E\u7ACB\u4E00\u9879\u53EF\u9A8C\u8BC1\u6216\u53EF\u8861\u91CF\u7684\u6807\u51C6\uFF0C\u4F9B\u6CD5\u9662\u5728\u672A\u6765\u7684\u5BA1\u5224\u4E2D\u5E94\u7528\u3002 \u7F8E\u56FD\u7EDD\u5927\u591A\u6570\u5177\u6709\u91CD\u8981\u5F71\u54CD\u529B\u7684\u5224\u4F8B\u5747\u6765\u81EA\u7F8E\u56FD\u8054\u90A6\u6700\u9AD8\u6CD5\u9662\u3002\u5982\u6700\u9AD8\u6CD5\u9662\u4E0D\u53D7\u7406\u4E0A\u8BC9\u6216\u51B3\u5B9A\u76F4\u63A5\u91C7\u7528\u4E0B\u7EA7\u6CD5\u9662\u7684\u5224\u4F8B\uFF0C\u7F8E\u56FD\u4E0A\u8BC9\u6CD5\u9662\u7684\u90E8\u5206\u5224\u51B3\u4E5F\u4F1A\u5177\u6709\u91CC\u7A0B\u7891\u610F\u4E49\uFF08\u5982\uFF09\u3002\u800C\u5404\u5DDE\u6700\u9AD8\u6CD5\u9662\u505A\u51FA\u7684\u4E0D\u5C11\u5224\u51B3\u5C3D\u7BA1\u5728\u672C\u5DDE\u8303\u56F4\u5185\u5177\u6709\u91CD\u8981\u5F71\u54CD\u529B\uFF0C\u4F46\u53EA\u6709\u6781\u5C11\u6570\u5177\u6709\u9769\u547D\u6027\u610F\u4E49\u7684\u6848\u4F8B\u4F1A\u88AB\u5176\u4ED6\u5DDE\u7684\u6CD5\u9662\u6240\u501F\u9274\u53C2\u8003\u3002"@zh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u672C\u6761\u76EE\u6536\u5F55\u7F8E\u56FD\u6CD5\u9662\u5728\u516C\u6C11\u6743\u9886\u57DF\u5185\u4F5C\u51FA\u7684\u5177\u6709\u91CC\u7A0B\u7891\u610F\u4E49\u7684\u91CD\u5927\u5F71\u54CD\u529B\u5224\u4F8B\u3002\u201C\u5177\u6709\u91CC\u7A0B\u7891\u610F\u4E49\u201D\u5224\u4F8B\uFF08\u5728\u82F1\u56FD\u5F80\u5F80\u79F0\u4E3Aleading cases\uFF09\u901A\u5E38\u662F\u5BF9\u5BAA\u6CD5\u53CA\u6CD5\u5F8B\u4E2D\u5BCC\u6709\u4E89\u8BAE\u6027\u7684\u6CD5\u5F8B\u95EE\u9898\u4F5C\u51FA\u7684\u91CD\u8981\u7684\u89E3\u91CA\u548C\u6307\u5F15\uFF0C\u5176\u901A\u8FC7\u4EE5\u4E0B\u591A\u79CD\u65B9\u5F0F\u5BF9\u6CD5\u5F8B\u7684\u89E3\u91CA\u505A\u51FA\u6539\u53D8\uFF1A \n* \u786E\u7ACB\u4E00\u9879\u91CD\u8981\u7684\u65B0\u6CD5\u5F8B\u539F\u5219\u6216\u65B0\u6982\u5FF5\uFF1B \n* \u56E0\u67D0\u9879\u5728\u5148\u6848\u4F8B\u4E2D\u5B58\u5728\u8D1F\u9762\u5F71\u54CD\u6216\u7F3A\u9677\u800C\u5C06\u5176\u63A8\u7FFB\uFF1B \n* \u4ECE\u5728\u5148\u7684\u6CD5\u5F8B\u539F\u5219\u4E2D\u53D1\u5C55\u51FA\u66F4\u5B8C\u5584\u7684\u65B0\u539F\u5219\uFF0C\u5728\u4E0D\u8FDD\u53CD\u5C0A\u91CD\u5148\u4F8B\u7684\u539F\u5219\u4E0B\u505A\u51FA\u6709\u533A\u522B\u7684\u65B0\u5224\u4F8B\uFF1B \n* \u786E\u7ACB\u4E00\u9879\u53EF\u9A8C\u8BC1\u6216\u53EF\u8861\u91CF\u7684\u6807\u51C6\uFF0C\u4F9B\u6CD5\u9662\u5728\u672A\u6765\u7684\u5BA1\u5224\u4E2D\u5E94\u7528\u3002 \u7F8E\u56FD\u7EDD\u5927\u591A\u6570\u5177\u6709\u91CD\u8981\u5F71\u54CD\u529B\u7684\u5224\u4F8B\u5747\u6765\u81EA\u7F8E\u56FD\u8054\u90A6\u6700\u9AD8\u6CD5\u9662\u3002\u5982\u6700\u9AD8\u6CD5\u9662\u4E0D\u53D7\u7406\u4E0A\u8BC9\u6216\u51B3\u5B9A\u76F4\u63A5\u91C7\u7528\u4E0B\u7EA7\u6CD5\u9662\u7684\u5224\u4F8B\uFF0C\u7F8E\u56FD\u4E0A\u8BC9\u6CD5\u9662\u7684\u90E8\u5206\u5224\u51B3\u4E5F\u4F1A\u5177\u6709\u91CC\u7A0B\u7891\u610F\u4E49\uFF08\u5982\uFF09\u3002\u800C\u5404\u5DDE\u6700\u9AD8\u6CD5\u9662\u505A\u51FA\u7684\u4E0D\u5C11\u5224\u51B3\u5C3D\u7BA1\u5728\u672C\u5DDE\u8303\u56F4\u5185\u5177\u6709\u91CD\u8981\u5F71\u54CD\u529B\uFF0C\u4F46\u53EA\u6709\u6781\u5C11\u6570\u5177\u6709\u9769\u547D\u6027\u610F\u4E49\u7684\u6848\u4F8B\u4F1A\u88AB\u5176\u4ED6\u5DDE\u7684\u6CD5\u9662\u6240\u501F\u9274\u53C2\u8003\u3002"@zh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "714"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\uBBF8\uAD6D\uC758 \uB79C\uB4DC\uB9C8\uD06C \uD310\uB840 \uBAA9\uB85D\uC740 \uBBF8\uAD6D \uC5F0\uBC29 \uB300\uBC95\uC6D0\uACFC \uBBF8\uAD6D \uC5F0\uBC29 \uD56D\uC18C\uBC95\uC6D0\uC758 \uC720\uBA85\uD55C \uD310\uB840\uB4E4\uC744 \uBAA8\uC740 \uAC83\uC774\uB2E4."@ko . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "462"^^ . . . . . . . "Landmark court decisions in the United States change the interpretation of existing law. Such a decision may settle the law in more than one way: \n* establishing a significant new legal principle or concept; \n* overturning prior precedent based on its negative effects or flaws in its reasoning; \n* distinguishing a new principle that refines a prior principle, thus departing from prior practice without violating the rule of stare decisis; \n* establishing a test or a measurable standard that can be applied by courts in future decisions."@en . . . . . "478"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\uBBF8\uAD6D\uC758 \uB79C\uB4DC\uB9C8\uD06C \uD310\uB840 \uBAA9\uB85D\uC740 \uBBF8\uAD6D \uC5F0\uBC29 \uB300\uBC95\uC6D0\uACFC \uBBF8\uAD6D \uC5F0\uBC29 \uD56D\uC18C\uBC95\uC6D0\uC758 \uC720\uBA85\uD55C \uD310\uB840\uB4E4\uC744 \uBAA8\uC740 \uAC83\uC774\uB2E4."@ko . . . . . . . . . "262"^^ . . . . . . . . . "268"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "14137098"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "1925"^^ . . . "1923"^^ . . "379"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . "1983"^^ . . . . "919"^^ . . . . . . . . . . "1964"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "1986"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\uBBF8\uAD6D\uC758 \uB79C\uB4DC\uB9C8\uD06C \uD310\uB840 \uBAA9\uB85D"@ko . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "241"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u7F8E\u56FD\u516C\u6C11\u6743\u9886\u57DF\u91CD\u8981\u5224\u4F8B\u5217\u8868"@zh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "1124156762"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "510"^^ .