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\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064A\u0632\u0646\u0637\u064A \u0646\u0642\u0641\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0627\u0646\u064A (\u062D\u064E\u0643\u064E\u0645 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062A\u0631\u0629 963-969) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062F\u064A\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0642\u064A\u0629 \u0642\u064A\u0644\u064A\u0642\u064A\u0629\u060C \u0645\u064F\u0646\u0647\u064A\u064B\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u064F\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064A \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643."@ar . . . . . . . "List of Abbasid governors of Tarsus"@en . . . . "\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633\u064A\u064A\u0646"@ar . . . . . . "34"^^ . . . "10331"^^ . . . . . . . . . . "\u0637\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0633 \u0647\u064A \u0645\u062F\u064A\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0642\u064A\u0644\u064A\u0642\u064A\u0629\u060C \u0648\u0647\u064A \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062A\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064A \u062C\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0622\u0633\u064A\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063A\u0631\u0649 (\u062A\u0631\u0643\u064A\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u062F\u064A\u062B\u0629). \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062D\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062F\u064A\u0646\u0629 \u062A\u062D\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064A \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 67 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0644\u0627\u062F\u060C \u062B\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062A\u0642\u0644\u062A \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064A\u0632\u0646\u0637\u064A\u0629 \u062D\u062A\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u062A\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639\u060C \u0639\u0646\u062F\u0645\u0627 \u062A\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062A\u062D \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064A \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064A\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u060C \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062E\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u064A\u062F\u0629 \u0645\u062A\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639\u064B\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064A\u0647\u0627. \u062E\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062A \u0628\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064A\u0632\u0646\u0637\u064A\u064A\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062E\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u064A\u0629\u060C \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062F\u064A\u0646\u0629 \u062A\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062D\u0627\u064A\u062F\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064A\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064A\u062A\u064A\u0646\u060C \u0648\u062A\u063A\u064A\u0631\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064A\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u062B\u064A\u0631\u064B\u0627\u060C \u0644\u062A\u0635\u0628\u062D \u0645\u0647\u062C\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062F\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064A\u0629. \u0641\u064A \u0623\u064A\u0644\u0648\u0644 778 \u0645\u060C \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633\u064A\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062D\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062A\u0639\u0627\u062F\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062F\u064A\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062F\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0636\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064A\u0632\u0646\u0637\u0629\u060C \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064A\u0628\u062F\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0645 \u064A\u0643\u062A\u0645\u0644. \u0644\u0645 \u064A\u062A\u0645 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062F\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062F\u064A\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062A\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064A\u0647\u0627 \u062D\u062A\u0649 \u0622\u0628 787\u060C \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064A\u062F \u0623\u0628\u064A \u0633\u0644\u064A\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u062C \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0631\u0643\u064A\u060C \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062E\u0644\u064A\u0641\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u064A\u062F (\u062D\u064E\u0643\u064E\u0645 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062A\u0631\u0629 786-809). \u062A\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u062D 3000 \u062E\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064A \u06482000 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064A (\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0643\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u064A\u0635\u0629) \u0645\u0646\u0627"@ar . . . . . "Governadores ab\u00E1ssidas de Tarso"@pt . . . "online"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "45323874"^^ . . "Tarso \u00E9 uma cidade na Cil\u00EDcia, uma regi\u00E3o do sudeste da \u00C1sia Menor (moderna Turquia). A cidade manteve-se sob controle romano desde 67 a.C., e ent\u00E3o passou para o Imp\u00E9rio Bizantino at\u00E9 meados do s\u00E9culo VII, quando ap\u00F3s a conquista mu\u00E7ulmana do Levante, a cidade foi disputada com o nascente Califado \u00C1rabe. Durante os conflitos entre bizantinos e o Califado Om\u00EDada, a cidade localizou-se na disputada terra de ningu\u00E9m entre os dois imp\u00E9rios e mudou de m\u00E3os frequentemente, tornando-se deserta e arruinada no processo. Em 778/779, o Califado Ab\u00E1ssida organizou a primeira tentativa de restaurar a cidade como base de opera\u00E7\u00F5es contra o Imp\u00E9rio Bizantino, mas o trabalho n\u00E3o foi aparentemente conclu\u00EDdo. N\u00E3o foi at\u00E9 787/788, que a cidade seria reconstru\u00EDra e repovoada por sob ordens do califa Harune Arraxide (r. 786\u2013809). 3 000 corassanos e 2 000 s\u00EDrios (1 000 de Antioquia e 1 000 e Mopsu\u00E9stia) receberam cadas e terras na nova cidade-fortaleza. Tarso foi aparentemente recuperada pelos bizantinos logo depois, em algum momento em torno do fim do s\u00E9culo. A cidade provavelmente permaneceu em m\u00E3os bizantinas durante a guerra civil ab\u00E1ssida , mas retornaria ao controle mu\u00E7ulmanos por 830, quando o califa Almamune (r. 813\u2013833) recomendou campanhas ofensivas contra o Imp\u00E9rio Bizantino. Os governadores de Tarso frequentemente tamb\u00E9m exerciam o governo de todas as marcas s\u00EDrias (Tugur Axamia), e seu principal dever era organizar os raides anuais contra os bizantinos. A cidade permaneceu sob controla ab\u00E1ssida direto at\u00E9 878/9, quando o controle sobre ela e as marcas com o imp\u00E9rio passaram ao governante aut\u00F4nomo do Egito, Amade ibne Tulune (r. 868\u2013905). O governador Iazamane Alcadim retornou-a \u00E0 fidelidade direta \u00E0 Bagd\u00E1 de 882 em diante, mas foi for\u00E7ado a reconhecer a suserania tul\u00FAnida novamente em 890. A possess\u00E3o tul\u00FAnida do tugur durou at\u00E9 a morte do herdeiro de ibne Tulune, Cumarauai, em 896, ap\u00F3s a qual o califa Almutadide (r. 892\u2013902) restabeleceu controle direto sobre as regi\u00F5es fronteiri\u00E7as. Em 946/947, Tarso reconheceu a suserania do emir hamad\u00E2nida Ceife Adaul\u00E1 de Alepo (r. 945\u2013967), que tornou-se o nome mestre do norte da S\u00EDria e dos territ\u00F3rios fronteiri\u00E7os bizantinos. Enfrentando o ressurgimento do Imp\u00E9rio Bizantino, ele foi capaz de conter a mar\u00E9 por um tempo, mas em 965, o imperador bizantino Nic\u00E9foro II Focas (r. 693\u2013969) capturou a cidade, terminando o dom\u00EDnio mu\u00E7ulmano ali."@pt . . . . . . . "1118593702"^^ . . . . "Tarsus is a city in Cilicia, a region in southeastern Asia Minor (modern Turkey). The city came under Roman rule since 67 BC, until the mid-7th century, when following the Muslim conquest of the Levant control was disputed with the nascent caliphate. During the conflicts between the Byzantines and the Umayyad Caliphate, the city lay in the disputed no-man's-land between the two empires and changed hands frequently, becoming deserted and ruined in the process. In 778/9 the Abbasids undertook the first attempt to restore the city as a base of operations against Byzantium, but the work was apparently not completed. It was not until 787/8 that the city was rebuilt and resettled by Faraj ibn Sulaym al-Khadim, on the orders of Caliph Harun al-Rashid (r. 786\u2013809). 3,000 Khurasanis and 2,000 Syrians (a thousand each from Antioch and al-Massisa) were given houses and land in the new fortress city. Tarsus was apparently recovered by the Byzantines soon after, at some point around the turn of the century. The city probably remained in Byzantine hands during the Abbasid civil war of the Fourth Fitna, but had returned to Muslim control by 830, when Caliph al-Ma'mun (r. 813\u2013833) recommenced offensive campaigns against Byzantium. The governors of Tarsus often also exercised the governorship of the entire Syrian marches (al-thughur al-Shamiyya), and their main duty was organizing the annual raids against the Byzantines. The city remained under direct Abbasid control until 878/9, when it and the marches with Byzantium passed to the autonomous ruler of Egypt, Ahmad ibn Tulun. The governor Yazaman al-Khadim returned the city to Abbasid allegiance from 882 on, but was forced to recognize Tulunid overlordship again in 890. Tulunid possession of the thughur lasted until the death of Ibn Tulun's heir, Khumarawayh, in 896, after which Caliph al-Mu'tadid (r. 892\u2013902) re-asserted direct control over the border regions. In 946/7, Tarsus recognized the overlordship of the Hamdanid emir Sayf al-Dawla of Aleppo, who had become the new master of northern Syria and of the Byzantine borderlands. Facing a resurgent Byzantium, he was able to stem the Byzantine advance for a while, but in 965, the Byzantine emperor Nikephoros II Phokas (r. 963\u2013969) captured the city and the rest of Cilicia, ending Muslim rule there."@en . . . "Tarso \u00E9 uma cidade na Cil\u00EDcia, uma regi\u00E3o do sudeste da \u00C1sia Menor (moderna Turquia). A cidade manteve-se sob controle romano desde 67 a.C., e ent\u00E3o passou para o Imp\u00E9rio Bizantino at\u00E9 meados do s\u00E9culo VII, quando ap\u00F3s a conquista mu\u00E7ulmana do Levante, a cidade foi disputada com o nascente Califado \u00C1rabe. Durante os conflitos entre bizantinos e o Califado Om\u00EDada, a cidade localizou-se na disputada terra de ningu\u00E9m entre os dois imp\u00E9rios e mudou de m\u00E3os frequentemente, tornando-se deserta e arruinada no processo. Em 778/779, o Califado Ab\u00E1ssida organizou a primeira tentativa de restaurar a cidade como base de opera\u00E7\u00F5es contra o Imp\u00E9rio Bizantino, mas o trabalho n\u00E3o foi aparentemente conclu\u00EDdo. N\u00E3o foi at\u00E9 787/788, que a cidade seria reconstru\u00EDra e repovoada por sob ordens do califa Harune "@pt . . . . . . . . . . "Tarsus is a city in Cilicia, a region in southeastern Asia Minor (modern Turkey). The city came under Roman rule since 67 BC, until the mid-7th century, when following the Muslim conquest of the Levant control was disputed with the nascent caliphate. During the conflicts between the Byzantines and the Umayyad Caliphate, the city lay in the disputed no-man's-land between the two empires and changed hands frequently, becoming deserted and ruined in the process. In 778/9 the Abbasids undertook the first attempt to restore the city as a base of operations against Byzantium, but the work was apparently not completed. It was not until 787/8 that the city was rebuilt and resettled by Faraj ibn Sulaym al-Khadim, on the orders of Caliph Harun al-Rashid (r. 786\u2013809). 3,000 Khurasanis and 2,000 Syria"@en . .