@prefix rdf: . @prefix dbr: . @prefix dbo: . dbr:Linux_kernel rdf:type dbo:Software . @prefix yago: . dbr:Linux_kernel rdf:type yago:YagoPermanentlyLocatedEntity , yago:PsychologicalFeature100023100 , yago:OperatingSystem106568134 . @prefix wikidata: . dbr:Linux_kernel rdf:type wikidata:Q386724 , yago:Communication100033020 . @prefix umbel-rc: . dbr:Linux_kernel rdf:type umbel-rc:SoftwareObject , yago:CodingSystem106353757 , yago:Code106355894 , yago:Software106566077 , yago:Feat100036762 , dbo:Work , yago:Abstraction100002137 , yago:WrittenCommunication106349220 , yago:Writing106359877 . @prefix schema: . dbr:Linux_kernel rdf:type schema:CreativeWork , yago:WikicatOperatingSystems , yago:Action100037396 , yago:Act100030358 , dbo:InformationAppliance , yago:WikicatPrivilegeEscalationExploits . @prefix owl: . dbr:Linux_kernel rdf:type owl:Thing , yago:Event100029378 , yago:Accomplishment100035189 , wikidata:Q7397 . @prefix rdfs: . dbr:Linux_kernel rdfs:label "\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u064A\u0646\u0643\u0633"@ar , "Kernel Linux"@in , "Linux (k\u00E4rna)"@sv , "Noyau Linux"@fr , "\u042F\u0434\u0440\u043E Linux"@uk , "Linux (j\u0105dro)"@pl , "Linuxkernel"@nl , "Linux (nucli)"@ca , "\u03A0\u03C5\u03C1\u03AE\u03BD\u03B1\u03C2 Linux"@el , "Linux (j\u00E1dro)"@cs , "Linux (kernel)"@it , "Linux kernel"@en , "\uB9AC\uB205\uC2A4 \uCEE4\uB110"@ko , "N\u00FAcleo Linux"@es , "Linux\u5185\u6838"@zh , "\u042F\u0434\u0440\u043E Linux"@ru , "Linux\u30AB\u30FC\u30CD\u30EB"@ja , "Linux (Kernel)"@de , "Linux (n\u00FAcleo)"@pt ; rdfs:comment "Linux\u30AB\u30FC\u30CD\u30EB\u306F\u3001Unix\u7CFB\u30AA\u30DA\u30EC\u30FC\u30C6\u30A3\u30F3\u30B0\u30B7\u30B9\u30C6\u30E0\u3067\u3042\u308BLinux\u306E\u30AB\u30FC\u30CD\u30EB\u3002\u30EA\u30FC\u30CA\u30B9\u30FB\u30C8\u30FC\u30D0\u30EB\u30BA\u306B\u3088\u3063\u3066\u958B\u767A\u304C\u958B\u59CB\u3055\u308C\u305F\u3002\u30E9\u30A4\u30BB\u30F3\u30B9\u306BGPL\uFF08\u30D0\u30FC\u30B8\u30E7\u30F32\uFF09\u3092\u63A1\u7528\u3059\u308B\u81EA\u7531\u306A\u30BD\u30D5\u30C8\u30A6\u30A7\u30A2\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002 \u901A\u5E38\u3001Linux\u30AB\u30FC\u30CD\u30EB\u3068\u8A00\u3048\u3070\u30EA\u30FC\u30CA\u30B9\u304C\u7BA1\u7406\u30FB\u516C\u958B\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308B\u516C\u5F0F\u7248\uFF08\u30E1\u30A4\u30F3\u30E9\u30A4\u30F3\u30FB\u30AB\u30FC\u30CD\u30EB\uFF09\u3092\u6307\u3059\u304C\u3001Linux\u30C7\u30A3\u30B9\u30C8\u30EA\u30D3\u30E5\u30FC\u30B7\u30E7\u30F3\u3067\u4F7F\u7528\u3055\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u30AB\u30FC\u30CD\u30EB\u306F\u3001\u30D0\u30FC\u30B8\u30E7\u30F3\u304C\u53E4\u304B\u3063\u305F\u308A\u3001\u30D9\u30F3\u30C0\u30FC\u304C\u72EC\u81EA\u306E\u6539\u9020\u3092\u65BD\u3057\u3066\u3042\u308B\u3053\u3068\u304C\u591A\u3044\u3002\u4F8B\u3048\u3070\u3001Android\u3067\u4F7F\u7528\u3055\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u30AB\u30FC\u30CD\u30EB\u3082\u305D\u306E\u3072\u3068\u3064\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u3053\u306E\u3088\u3046\u306A\u975E\u516C\u5F0F\u306E\u30AB\u30FC\u30CD\u30EB\u306F\u3001\u30D9\u30F3\u30C0\u30FC\u5074\u304C\u5BFE\u5FDC\u3059\u3079\u304D\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308B\u305F\u3081\u3001Linux Kernel Mailing List\u306A\u3069\u3067\u306F\u57FA\u672C\u7684\u306B\u5BFE\u5FDC\u5BFE\u8C61\u5916\u3068\u306A\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002 \u958B\u767A\u306E\u521D\u671F\u306B\u306F\u3001MINIX\u3092\u53C2\u8003\u3068\u3057\u3066\u304A\u308A\u3001\u5F71\u97FF\u3092\u53D7\u3051\u3066\u3082\u3044\u308B\u304C\u3001MINIX\u306E\u30B3\u30FC\u30C9\u306F\u4F7F\u7528\u305B\u305A\u3001\u30BC\u30ED\u304B\u3089\u66F8\u304B\u308C\u305F\uFF08IBM PC\u3092\u7AEF\u672B\u30A8\u30DF\u30E5\u30EC\u30FC\u30BF\u3068\u3057\u3066\u52D5\u304B\u3059\u305F\u3081\u306E\u30B3\u30FC\u30C9\u304B\u3089\u6210\u9577\u3055\u305B\u305F\u3082\u306E\u3068\u8A00\u308F\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\uFF09\u3002 GPL\u3092\u63A1\u7528\u3057\u305F\u3053\u3068\u304CLinux\u3092\u5171\u6709\u306E\u7269\u3068\u3057\u3066\u958B\u767A\u3059\u308B\u3053\u3068\u3092\u63A8\u9032\u3055\u305B\u305F\u3001\u3068\u3055\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002\u307E\u305F\u3001Linux\u306E\u958B\u767A\u3068\u30A4\u30F3\u30BF\u30FC\u30CD\u30C3\u30C8\u306E\u767A\u5C55\u304C\u6642\u671F\u7684\u306B\u4E00\u81F4\u3057\u305F\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3001Linux\u306E\u958B\u767A\u30B3\u30DF\u30E5\u30CB\u30C6\u30A3\u5F62\u6210\u306B\u5BC4\u4E0E\u3057\u305F\u3002"@ja , "Linux\u5185\u6838\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1ALinux kernel\uFF09\u662F\u4E00\u79CD\u5F00\u6E90\u7684\u7C7BUnix\u64CD\u4F5C\u7CFB\u7EDF\u5B8F\u5185\u6838\u3002\u6574\u4E2ALinux\u64CD\u4F5C\u7CFB\u7EDF\u5BB6\u65CF\u57FA\u4E8E\u8BE5\u5185\u6838\u90E8\u7F72\u5728\u4F20\u7EDF\u8BA1\u7B97\u673A\u5E73\u53F0\uFF08\u5982\u4E2A\u4EBA\u8BA1\u7B97\u673A\u548C\u670D\u52A1\u5668\uFF0C\u4EE5Linux\u53D1\u884C\u7248\u7684\u5F62\u5F0F\uFF09\u548C\u5404\u79CD\u5D4C\u5165\u5F0F\u5E73\u53F0\uFF0C\u5982\u8DEF\u7531\u5668\u3001\u65E0\u7EBF\u63A5\u5165\u70B9\u3001\u4E13\u7528\u5C0F\u4EA4\u6362\u673A\u3001\u673A\u9876\u76D2\u3001\u3001\u667A\u80FD\u7535\u89C6\u3001\u6570\u5B57\u89C6\u9891\u5F55\u50CF\u673A\u3001\u7F51\u7EDC\u9644\u52A0\u5B58\u50A8\uFF08NAS\uFF09\u7B49\u3002\u5DE5\u4F5C\u4E8E\u5E73\u677F\u96FB\u8166\u3001\u667A\u80FD\u624B\u673A\u53CA\u667A\u80FD\u624B\u8868\u7684Android\u64CD\u4F5C\u7CFB\u7EDF\u540C\u6837\u901A\u8FC7Linux\u5185\u6838\u63D0\u4F9B\u7684\u670D\u52A1\u5B8C\u6210\u81EA\u8EAB\u529F\u80FD\u3002\u5C3D\u7BA1\u4E8E\u684C\u9762\u7535\u8111\u7684\u5360\u7528\u7387\u8F83\u4F4E\uFF0C\u57FA\u4E8ELinux\u7684\u64CD\u4F5C\u7CFB\u7EDF\u7EDF\u6CBB\u4E86\u51E0\u4E4E\u4ECE\u79FB\u52A8\u8BBE\u5907\u5230\u4E3B\u673A\u7684\u5176\u4ED6\u5168\u90E8\u9886\u57DF\u3002\u622A\u81F32017\u5E7411\u6708\uFF0C\u4E16\u754C\u524D500\u53F0\u6700\u5F3A\u7684\u8D85\u7EA7\u8BA1\u7B97\u673A\u5168\u90E8\u4F7F\u7528Linux\u3002 Linux\u5185\u6838\u6700\u65E9\u662F\u4E8E1991\u5E74\u7531\u82AC\u5170\u9ED1\u5BA2\u6797\u7D0D\u65AF\u00B7\u6258\u74E6\u8332\u4E3A\u81EA\u5DF1\u7684\u4E2A\u4EBA\u7535\u8111\u5F00\u53D1\u7684\uFF0C\u4ED6\u5F53\u65F6\u5728Usenet\u65B0\u95FB\u7EC4comp.os.minix\u767B\u8F7D\u5E16\u5B50\uFF0C\u8FD9\u4EFD\u8457\u540D\u7684\u5E16\u5B50\u6807\u5FD7\u7740Linux\u5185\u6838\u8BA1\u5212\u7684\u6B63\u5F0F\u5F00\u59CB\u3002\u5982\u4ECA\uFF0C\u8BE5\u8BA1\u5212\u5DF2\u7ECF\u62D3\u5C55\u5230\u652F\u6301\u5927\u91CF\u7684\u8BA1\u7B97\u673A\u4F53\u7CFB\u67B6\u6784\uFF0C\u8FDC\u8D85\u5176\u4ED6\u64CD\u4F5C\u7CFB\u7EDF\u548C\u5185\u6838\u3002\u5B83\u8FC5\u901F\u5438\u5F15\u4E86\u4E00\u6279\u5F00\u53D1\u8005\u548C\u7528\u6237\uFF0C\u5229\u7528\u5B83\u4F5C\u4E3A\u5176\u4ED6\u81EA\u7531\u8F6F\u4EF6\u9879\u76EE\u7684\u6838\u5FC3\uFF0C\u5982\u8457\u540D\u7684 GNU \u64CD\u4F5C\u7CFB\u7EDF\u3002\u800C\u4ECA\u5929\uFF0CLinux \u5185\u6838\u5DF2\u63A5\u53D7\u4E86\u8D85\u8FC71200\u5BB6\u516C\u53F8\u7684\u8FD112000\u540D\u7A0B\u5E8F\u5458\u7684\u8D21\u732E\uFF0C\u5176\u4E2D\u5305\u62EC\u4E00\u4E9B\u77E5\u540D\u7684\u8F6F\u786C\u4EF6\u53D1\u884C\u5546\u3002"@zh , "Kernel Linux adalah kernel yang digunakan dalam sistem operasi GNU/Linux. Kernel ini merupakan turunan dari keluarga sistem operasi Unix, dirilis dengan menggunakan lisensi GNU General Public License (GPL), dan dikembangkan oleh pemrogram di seluruh dunia. Linux merupakan contoh utama dari perangkat lunak bebas dan sumber terbuka. Kernel Linux dirilis di bawah Lisensi Publik Umum GNU versi 2 (GPLv2) (dengan bermacam-macam firmware dengan lisensi tidak gratis yang bervariatif), dan dikembangkan oleh kontributor dari seluruh dunia. Diskusi perkembangan dari hari ke hari dilakukan di (LKML)."@in , "Linuxov\u00E9 j\u00E1dro (Linux kernel) je otev\u0159en\u00E9 (open source) syst\u00E9mov\u00E9 j\u00E1dro pou\u017E\u00EDvan\u00E9 unix-like opera\u010Dn\u00EDm syst\u00E9mem GNU/Linux. Je vyd\u00E1v\u00E1no pod licenc\u00ED GPLv2 a kompatibiln\u00EDmi spolu s v\u00FDjimkou, kter\u00E1 umo\u017E\u0148uje jeho pou\u017E\u00EDv\u00E1n\u00ED spole\u010Dn\u011B s komer\u010Dn\u00EDm softwarem. Je na n\u011Bm zalo\u017Eena skupina opera\u010Dn\u00EDch syst\u00E9mu pro osobn\u00ED po\u010D\u00EDta\u010De a servery (obvykle ve form\u011B linuxov\u00FDch distribuc\u00ED) a r\u016Fzn\u00E9 typy vestav\u011Bn\u00FDch za\u0159\u00EDzen\u00ED jako routery, WPA, telefonn\u00ED syst\u00E9my, set-top boxy, chytr\u00E9 televizory a jin\u00E9. Opera\u010Dn\u00ED syst\u00E9m Android pro tabletov\u00E9 po\u010D\u00EDta\u010De, chytr\u00E9 telefony a chytr\u00E9 hodinky vyu\u017E\u00EDv\u00E1 slu\u017Eby poskytovan\u00E9 linuxov\u00FDm j\u00E1drem a implementuje jeho funkce. Zat\u00EDmco vyu\u017Eit\u00ED na stoln\u00EDch po\u010D\u00EDta\u010D\u00EDch je n\u00EDzk\u00E9, opera\u010Dn\u00ED syst\u00E9my zalo\u017Een\u00E9 na Linuxu maj\u00ED p\u0159evahu t\u00E9m\u011B\u0159 v ka\u017Ed\u00E9 jin\u00E9 oblasti v\u00FDpo\u010Detn\u00ED techniky \u2013 od mobiln\u00EDch za\u0159\u00EDzen\u00ED a"@cs , "Linux \u00E8 un kernel, creato nel 1991 da Linus Torvalds e derivato da UNIX, distribuito sotto licenza di software libero GNU GPLv2 (anzich\u00E9 software proprietario), comprendente anche diversi firmware sotto licenze non-libere. Utilizzato spesso congiuntamente al sistema operativo GNU, ideato da Richard Stallman, ha dato vita alla famiglia di sistema operativo Linux, diffusi nelle varie distribuzioni (l'accesso diretto al kernel da parte dell'utente/amministratore in modalit\u00E0 user mode/kernel mode si ha attraverso la cosiddetta Linux console). L'attivit\u00E0 di sviluppo, promossa dalla Linux Foundation, ha portato ad una standardizzazione nota come Linux Standard Base, mentre un tentativo di implementazione di un kernel completamente libero \u00E8 rappresentata da Linux-libre."@it , "The Linux kernel is a free and open-source, monolithic, modular, multitasking, Unix-like operating system kernel. It was originally authored in 1991 by Linus Torvalds for his i386-based PC, and it was soon adopted as the kernel for the GNU operating system, which was written to be a free (libre) replacement for Unix. Linux is provided under the GNU General Public License version 2 only, but it contains files under other compatible licenses. Since the late 1990s, it has been included as part of a large number of operating system distributions, many of which are commonly also called Linux."@en , "\u042F\u0434\u0440\u043E Linux (/\u02C8l\u026An\u028Aks/) \u2014 \u044F\u0434\u0440\u043E \u043E\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043E\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C\u044B, \u0441\u043E\u043E\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044E\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430\u043C POSIX, \u0441\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043B\u044F\u044E\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0443 \u043E\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043E\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C \u0441\u0435\u043C\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 Linux, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043A\u0436\u0435 \u0440\u044F\u0434\u0430 \u043E\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043E\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C \u0434\u043B\u044F \u043C\u043E\u0431\u0438\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432, \u0432 \u0442\u043E\u043C \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043B\u0435 Android, Tizen, KaiOS. \u0420\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043E\u0442\u043A\u0430 \u043A\u043E\u0434\u0430 \u044F\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u0431\u044B\u043B\u0430 \u043D\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0444\u0438\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u043C \u0441\u0442\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0442\u043E\u043C \u041B\u0438\u043D\u0443\u0441\u043E\u043C \u0422\u043E\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043B\u044C\u0434\u0441\u043E\u043C \u0432 1991 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0443, \u043D\u0430 \u0435\u0433\u043E \u0438\u043C\u044F \u0437\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0430 \u0442\u043E\u0440\u0433\u043E\u0432\u0430\u044F \u043C\u0430\u0440\u043A\u0430 \u00ABLinux\u00BB. \u041A\u043E\u0434 \u043D\u0430\u043F\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043D \u0432 \u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u043D\u043E\u043C \u043D\u0430 \u0421\u0438 \u0441 \u043D\u0435\u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u044B\u043C\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F\u043C\u0438 gcc \u0438 \u043D\u0430 \u0430\u0441\u0441\u0435\u043C\u0431\u043B\u0435\u0440\u0435 (\u0441 \u0438\u0441\u043F\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0437\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435\u043C AT&T-\u0441\u0438\u043D\u0442\u0430\u043A\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0430 GNU Assembler)."@ru , "O Kernel Linux (Linux kernel em ingl\u00EAs) \u00E9 um n\u00FAcleo monol\u00EDtico de c\u00F3digo aberto para sistemas operacionais tipo UNIX. Desenvolvidas para ambos os sistemas computacionais, seja computadores pessoais ou servidores, normalmente na forma de distribui\u00E7\u00F5es Linux, e embarcados em diversos dispositivos como roteadores, pontos de acesso sem fio, PABXs, receptores de televis\u00E3o, Smart TVs, DVRs, e dispositivos de armazenamento em rede. Os sistemas operacionais Android para Tablets, Smartphones, e Smartwatches utilizam servi\u00E7os providos pelo n\u00FAcleo Linux para implementar as suas funcionalidades.Enquanto a ado\u00E7\u00E3o em computadores de mesa seja considerada baixa, sistemas baseados em Linux dominam praticamente todos os outros segmentos da computa\u00E7\u00E3o: dos pequenos dispositivos m\u00F3veis aos robustos Mainframe"@pt , "Linux \u00E9s el nucli del sistema operatiu GNU/Linux. Fou desenvolupat inicialment per Linus Torvalds, i distribu\u00EFt amb la llic\u00E8ncia GPL de GNU. Normalment, el nucli es distribueix amb el conjunt d'utilitats de GNU, entorns d'escriptori i altres aplicacions, formant un sistema operatiu complet."@ca , "J\u0105dro Linux (ang. Linux kernel) \u2013 jedna z cz\u0119\u015Bci uniksopodobnych system\u00F3w operacyjnych. Jest wolnym oprogramowaniem napisanym przez Linusa Torvaldsa w 1991 roku, a obecnie rozwijane przez wielu programist\u00F3w z ca\u0142ego \u015Bwiata w ramach The Linux Foundation. Pocz\u0105tkowo Linux dzia\u0142a\u0142 na platformie Intel 80386, p\u00F3\u017Aniej zosta\u0142 przeniesiony tak\u017Ce na wiele innych platform. Najwi\u0119ksza cz\u0119\u015B\u0107 kodu napisana jest w j\u0119zyku C, z pewnymi rozszerzeniami GCC, a pozosta\u0142a cz\u0119\u015B\u0107 to wstawki w asemblerze. Kod j\u0105dra Linux jest obj\u0119ty licencj\u0105 GNU General Public License, jest zatem oprogramowaniem FLOSS."@pl , "\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u064A\u0646\u0643\u0633 \u0647\u064A \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0634\u063A\u064A\u0644 \u062C\u0646\u0648\u060C \u0643\u062A\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064A\u0646\u0648\u0633 \u062A\u0648\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0644\u062F\u0632 \u0641\u064A \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0633\u0639\u064A\u0646\u0627\u062A \u062B\u0645 \u0623\u0635\u062F\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062A\u062D\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062E\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 (\u062C\u064A.\u0628\u064A.\u0625\u0644) \u0648\u064A\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062A\u0637\u0648\u064A\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u064A\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u0637\u0648\u0639\u064A\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062C\u0645\u064A\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062D\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645. \u0628\u0644\u063A \u0639\u062F\u062F\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064A \u0633\u0646\u0629 2017 \u062A\u0642\u0631\u064A\u0628\u0627 15600 \u0645\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062C. \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u062A\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064A\u0646\u0648\u0633 \u062A\u0648\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0644\u062F\u0633 \u0648\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062A\u062D\u062A \u0631\u062E\u0635\u0629 \u062C\u0646\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064A\u0629 (GPL) \u062C\u062F\u064A\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u064A\u0646\u0643\u0633 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0623\u062D\u0627\u062F\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062A\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062F\u0639\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062C\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629."@ar , "Linux \u00E4r en fri, Unix-liknande operativsystemsk\u00E4rna mest k\u00E4nd f\u00F6r sin del i operativsystemet Linux. Linux \u00E4r ocks\u00E5 k\u00E4rnan i de mobila operativsystemen Android och Sailfish."@sv , "\u039F \u03C0\u03C5\u03C1\u03AE\u03BD\u03B1\u03C2 Linux \u03B5\u03AF\u03BD\u03B1\u03B9 \u03AD\u03BD\u03B1\u03C2 \u03C0\u03C5\u03C1\u03AE\u03BD\u03B1\u03C2 \u03BB\u03B5\u03B9\u03C4\u03BF\u03C5\u03C1\u03B3\u03B9\u03BA\u03BF\u03CD \u03C3\u03C5\u03C3\u03C4\u03AE\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03BF\u03C2 \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C7\u03C1\u03B7\u03C3\u03B9\u03BC\u03BF\u03C0\u03BF\u03B9\u03B5\u03AF\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03BF\u03B9\u03BA\u03BF\u03B3\u03AD\u03BD\u03B5\u03B9\u03B1 Unix-\u03BF\u03B5\u03B9\u03B4\u03CE\u03BD \u03BB\u03B5\u03B9\u03C4\u03BF\u03C5\u03C1\u03B3\u03B9\u03BA\u03CE\u03BD \u03C3\u03C5\u03C3\u03C4\u03B7\u03BC\u03AC\u03C4\u03C9\u03BD \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03BF\u03B9\u03BA\u03BF\u03B3\u03AD\u03BD\u03B5\u03B9\u03B1\u03C2 Linux. \u0398\u03B5\u03C9\u03C1\u03B5\u03AF\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C9\u03C2 \u03AD\u03BD\u03B1 \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03C4\u03B1 \u03C0\u03B9\u03BF \u03C7\u03B1\u03C1\u03B1\u03BA\u03C4\u03B7\u03C1\u03B9\u03C3\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AC \u03C0\u03B1\u03C1\u03B1\u03B4\u03B5\u03AF\u03B3\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03B1 \u03B5\u03BB\u03B5\u03CD\u03B8\u03B5\u03C1\u03BF\u03C5 \u03BB\u03BF\u03B3\u03B9\u03C3\u03BC\u03B9\u03BA\u03BF\u03CD. \u039F \u03C0\u03C5\u03C1\u03AE\u03BD\u03B1\u03C2 Linux \u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03BD\u03AD\u03BC\u03B5\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C5\u03C0\u03CC \u03C4\u03B7 \u0393\u03B5\u03BD\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u0386\u03B4\u03B5\u03B9\u03B1 \u0394\u03B7\u03BC\u03CC\u03C3\u03B9\u03B1\u03C2 \u03A7\u03C1\u03AE\u03C3\u03B7\u03C2 GNU \u03AD\u03BA\u03B4\u03BF\u03C3\u03B7 2 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03BF\u03C1\u03B9\u03C3\u03BC\u03AD\u03BD\u03C9\u03BD \u03AC\u03BB\u03BB\u03C9\u03BD \u03B1\u03B4\u03B5\u03B9\u03CE\u03BD \u03BA\u03BB\u03B5\u03B9\u03C3\u03C4\u03BF\u03CD \u03BA\u03CE\u03B4\u03B9\u03BA\u03B1, \u03B3\u03B9\u03B1 \u03BC\u03B5\u03C1\u03B9\u03BA\u03AC \u03C0\u03C1\u03BF\u03B3\u03C1\u03AC\u03BC\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03B1 \u03BF\u03B4\u03AE\u03B3\u03B7\u03C3\u03B7\u03C2. \u0391\u03BD\u03B1\u03C0\u03C4\u03CD\u03C3\u03C3\u03B5\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03C0\u03C1\u03BF\u03B3\u03C1\u03B1\u03BC\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03B9\u03C3\u03C4\u03AD\u03C2 \u03C0\u03B1\u03B3\u03BA\u03BF\u03C3\u03BC\u03AF\u03C9\u03C2, \u03BF \u03C3\u03C5\u03BD\u03C4\u03BF\u03BD\u03B9\u03C3\u03BC\u03CC\u03C2 \u03C4\u03C9\u03BD \u03BF\u03C0\u03BF\u03AF\u03C9\u03BD \u03B3\u03AF\u03BD\u03B5\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03BC\u03B5 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B8\u03B7\u03BC\u03B5\u03C1\u03B9\u03BD\u03AD\u03C2 \u03C3\u03C5\u03B6\u03B7\u03C4\u03AE\u03C3\u03B5\u03B9\u03C2 \u03C3\u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03B1\u03BD\u03C4\u03AF\u03C3\u03C4\u03BF\u03B9\u03C7\u03B7 \u03C4\u03B1\u03C7\u03C5\u03B4\u03C1\u03BF\u03BC\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03BB\u03AF\u03C3\u03C4\u03B1 (Linux kernel mailing list - LKML)."@el , "Linux (deutsch [\u02C8li\u02D0n\u028Aks]) ist ein Betriebssystem-Kernel, der im Jahr 1991 von Linus Torvalds urspr\u00FCnglich f\u00FCr die 32-Bit-x86-Architektur IA-32 entwickelt und ab Version 0.12 unter der freien GNU General Public License (GPL) ver\u00F6ffentlicht wird. Er ist heute Teil einer Vielzahl von Betriebssystemen. Der Name Linux setzt sich zusammen aus dem Namen Linus und einem X f\u00FCr das als Vorbild dienende Unix. Er bezeichnet im weiteren Sinne mittlerweile nicht mehr nur den Kernel selbst, sondern \u00FCbertragen davon ganze Linux-basierte Systeme und Distributionen. Dies f\u00FChrte zum GNU/Linux-Namensstreit."@de , "De Linuxkernel is de kernel (kern) van besturingssystemen uit de Linuxfamilie."@nl , "Le noyau Linux est un noyau de syst\u00E8me d'exploitation de type UNIX. Il est utilis\u00E9 dans plusieurs syst\u00E8mes d'exploitation dont notamment GNU/Linux (couramment appel\u00E9 \u00AB Linux \u00BB) et Android. Le noyau Linux est un logiciel partiellement libre (contenant des BLOB et des modules non-libre - consultez Linux-libre) d\u00E9velopp\u00E9 essentiellement en langage C par des milliers de b\u00E9n\u00E9voles et salari\u00E9s collaborant sur Internet."@fr , "Linux es un n\u00FAcleo mayormente libre semejante al n\u00FAcleo de Unix.\u200B Es uno de los principales ejemplos de software libre y de c\u00F3digo abierto. Est\u00E1 licenciado bajo la GPL v2 salvo el hecho que tiene blobs binarios\u200B no-libres\u200B y la mayor parte del software incluido en el paquete que se distribuye en su sitio web es software libre. Est\u00E1 desarrollado por colaboradores de todo el mundo. El desarrollo del d\u00EDa a d\u00EDa tiene lugar en la ."@es , "\uB9AC\uB205\uC2A4 \uCEE4\uB110(\uC601\uC5B4: Linux kernel)\uC740 \uC624\uD508 \uC18C\uC2A4 \uBAA8\uB180\uB9AC\uB515 \uC720\uB2C9\uC2A4 \uACC4\uC5F4 \uCEF4\uD4E8\uD130 \uC6B4\uC601 \uCCB4\uC81C \uCEE4\uB110\uC774\uB2E4. \uB9AC\uB205\uC2A4 \uACC4\uC5F4\uC758 \uC6B4\uC601 \uCCB4\uC81C\uB294 \uC774 \uCEE4\uB110\uC5D0 \uAE30\uBC18\uC744 \uB450\uBA70 \uAC1C\uC778\uC6A9 \uCEF4\uD4E8\uD130\uC640 \uC11C\uBC84\uC640 \uAC19\uC740 \uC804\uD1B5\uC801\uC778 \uCEF4\uD4E8\uD130 \uC2DC\uC2A4\uD15C\uB4E4\uACFC \uB77C\uC6B0\uD130, \uBB34\uC120 \uC561\uC138\uC2A4 \uD3EC\uC778\uD2B8, , \uC14B\uD1B1 \uBC15\uC2A4, , \uC2A4\uB9C8\uD2B8 TV, PVR, NAS \uC5B4\uD50C\uB77C\uC774\uC5B8\uC2A4 \uB4F1\uC758 \uB2E4\uC591\uD55C \uC784\uBCA0\uB514\uB4DC \uC7A5\uCE58\uC5D0 \uBCF4\uD1B5 \uB9AC\uB205\uC2A4 \uBC30\uD3EC\uD310\uC758 \uD615\uD0DC\uB85C \uBC30\uCE58\uB41C\uB2E4. \uD0DC\uBE14\uB9BF \uCEF4\uD4E8\uD130, \uC2A4\uB9C8\uD2B8\uD3F0, \uC2A4\uB9C8\uD2B8\uC6CC\uCE58\uB97C \uC704\uD55C \uC548\uB4DC\uB85C\uC774\uB4DC \uC6B4\uC601 \uCCB4\uC81C\uB294 \uAE30\uB2A5 \uAD6C\uD604\uC744 \uC704\uD574 \uB9AC\uB205\uC2A4 \uCEE4\uB110\uC774 \uC81C\uACF5\uD558\uB294 \uC11C\uBE44\uC2A4\uB4E4\uC744 \uC0AC\uC6A9\uD55C\uB2E4. \uB370\uC2A4\uD06C\uD1B1 \uCEF4\uD4E8\uD130\uC5D0 \uCC44\uC6A9\uD558\uB294 \uACBD\uC6B0\uAC00 \uB0AE\uC740 \uD3B8\uC774\uC9C0\uB9CC \uB9AC\uB205\uC2A4 \uAE30\uBC18 \uC6B4\uC601 \uCCB4\uC81C\uB4E4\uC740 \uBAA8\uBC14\uC77C \uC7A5\uCE58\uC5D0\uC11C\uBD80\uD130 \uBA54\uC778\uD504\uB808\uC784\uC5D0 \uC774\uB974\uAE30\uAE4C\uC9C0 \uAE30\uD0C0 \uAC70\uC758 \uBAA8\uB4E0 \uCEF4\uD4E8\uD305 \uBD80\uBB38\uC744 \uC9C0\uBC30\uD558\uACE0 \uC788\uB2E4. 2017\uB144 11\uC6D4 \uAE30\uC900\uC73C\uB85C, \uC138\uACC4 500\uB300\uC758 \uAC00\uC7A5 \uAC15\uB825\uD55C \uC288\uD37C\uCEF4\uD4E8\uD130\uB4E4\uC740 \uBAA8\uB450 \uB9AC\uB205\uC2A4\uB97C \uC2E4\uD589\uD558\uACE0 \uC788\uB2E4."@ko , "\u042F\u0434\u0440\u043E Linux \u2014 \u044F\u0434\u0440\u043E UNIX-\u043F\u043E\u0434\u0456\u0431\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u043E\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C\u0438. \u0420\u043E\u0437\u043F\u043E\u0432\u0441\u044E\u0434\u0436\u0443\u0454\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u043F\u0456\u0434 \u043B\u0456\u0446\u0435\u043D\u0437\u0456\u0454\u044E GNU General Public License (GPL), \u0456 \u0440\u043E\u0437\u0440\u043E\u0431\u043B\u044F\u0454\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u043B\u044E\u0434\u044C\u043C\u0438 \u0437 \u0443\u0441\u044C\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u0443, \u0449\u043E \u0434\u043E\u0437\u0432\u043E\u043B\u0438\u043B\u043E \u0439\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043E\u0434\u043D\u0438\u043C \u0456\u0437 \u043D\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0442\u043D\u0456\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043A\u043B\u0430\u0434\u0456\u0432 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043A\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043C\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0437\u0430\u0431\u0435\u0437\u043F\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0442\u0430 \u0443\u0432\u0456\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u043E \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043B\u0430 \u043D\u0430\u0439\u043C\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431\u043D\u0456\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0454\u043A\u0442\u0456\u0432 \u0437 \u0440\u043E\u0437\u0440\u043E\u0431\u043A\u0438 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043C\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0437\u0430\u0431\u0435\u0437\u043F\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F: \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0456\u044F 4.5 \u043C\u0430\u043B\u0430 21 \u043C\u043B\u043D \u0440\u044F\u0434\u043A\u0456\u0432 \u043A\u043E\u0434\u0443, \u0430 \u0437\u0430 2015 \u0440\u0456\u043A \u0434\u043E \u0440\u043E\u0431\u043E\u0442\u0438 \u043D\u0430\u0434 \u043D\u0438\u043C \u0434\u043E\u043B\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043B\u043E\u0441\u044C \u0431\u043B\u0438\u0437\u044C\u043A\u043E \u0447\u043E\u0442\u0438\u0440\u044C\u043E\u0445 \u0442\u0438\u0441\u044F\u0447 \u0440\u043E\u0437\u0440\u043E\u0431\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0456\u0432 \u0442\u0430 \u043F\u043E\u043D\u0430\u0434 440 \u0440\u0456\u0437\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u043E\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0456\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0439."@uk ; rdfs:seeAlso dbr:Linux , dbr:Vmlinux , dbr:History_of_Linux , dbr:Completely_Fair_Scheduler , dbr:Memory_management , dbr:Trademark , dbr:System_call , , dbr:And_naming , dbr:List_of_Linux-supported_computer_architectures . @prefix foaf: . dbr:Linux_kernel foaf:name "Linux"@en ; foaf:homepage . @prefix dbp: . dbr:Linux_kernel dbp:name "Linux"@en ; foaf:depiction , , , , , , , , , , , , . @prefix dcterms: . @prefix dbc: . dbr:Linux_kernel dcterms:subject dbc:Unix_variants , dbc:Linus_Torvalds , dbc:Monolithic_kernels , dbc:Free_software_programmed_in_C , dbc:Operating_systems , dbc:Free_and_open-source_software , dbc:Free_system_software , dbc:Finnish_inventions , dbc:Software_using_the_GPL_license , dbc:Linux_kernel ; dbo:wikiPageID 21347315 ; dbo:wikiPageRevisionID 1124210208 ; dbo:wikiPageWikiLink dbr:Assembly_language , dbr:Kernel_space , dbr:Sysfs , dbr:Supercomputer , dbr:Ftrace , dbr:Kernel_panic , dbr:Privilege_escalation , dbr:Kernel_mode , dbr:Linus_Torvalds , dbr:Linearizability , , dbr:Security-Enhanced_Linux , dbr:Inline_assembler , dbr:Global_variable , dbr:Discretionary_access_control , dbr:Loadable_kernel_module , dbr:Bluetooth , dbr:Dynamic_linker , dbr:IPod , , dbr:Microcontroller , dbr:Kernel-based_Virtual_Machine , , dbr:POSIX , dbr:NVIDIA , dbr:LibATA , , dbr:Embeddable_Linux_Kernel_Subset , dbr:Usage_share_of_desktop_operating_systems , dbr:Inter-process_communication , dbr:Zswap , , , dbr:Source_lines_of_code , dbc:Unix_variants , dbr:Digital_Equipment_Corporation , dbr:Optimizing_compiler , . @prefix ns13: . dbr:Linux_kernel dbo:wikiPageWikiLink ns13:Architecture , dbr:L4Linux , dbr:Graphics_card , , dbc:Linus_Torvalds , dbr:DEC_Alpha , dbr:Mainframe_computer , dbr:Spinlock , dbr:TOP500 , dbr:SPARC , dbr:Personal_computer , dbc:Monolithic_kernels , , , dbr:Compute_Node_Linux , , dbc:Free_software_programmed_in_C , dbr:Terabyte , dbr:AppArmor , dbr:Mac80211 , dbr:Interrupt , dbr:Physical_Address_Extension , dbr:Microkernel , dbr:Central_processing_unit , dbr:GNU_Binary_Utilities , , dbr:Tivoization , dbr:Pageable_memory , dbr:Priority_inheritance , , , , dbr:Executable_and_Linkable_Format , dbr:Ext4 , dbr:Video4Linux , dbr:Special_file , dbr:Futex , dbr:Utility_software , dbr:Page_table , dbr:RTLinux , dbr:Software_bug , dbr:Board_support_package , , dbr:GNU_linker , dbr:GNU_toolchain , dbr:Kpatch , dbr:Single_UNIX_Specification , dbr:Time_complexity , dbr:Denial-of-service_attack , dbr:GNU_Project , dbr:Hardware_interrupt , , dbr:IPhone , , , dbr:System_software , dbr:Lennart_Poettering , dbr:IRIX , dbr:GNU_Hurd , , , dbr:GNU , dbr:RAID , dbr:Symmetric_multiprocessing , dbr:Microsoft_Windows , dbr:Nexus_7 , dbr:GNU_General_Public_License , dbr:New_API , dbr:GPL_compatibility , , dbr:Porting , dbr:Real-time_operating_system , dbr:ChromeOS , dbr:M68k , dbr:Linux_kernel_API , dbr:VFIO , dbr:GNU_Debugger , dbr:Modular_programming , dbr:DMA-BUF , , dbr:Intel_80386 , dbr:GNU_Compiler_Collection , dbr:Real-time_computing , dbr:COCOMO , dbr:Linux_distributions , dbr:Intel , dbr:GNU_C_Library , dbr:SCSI , dbr:GNU_Assembler , , dbr:QEMU , dbr:Parallel_computing , , dbr:C_standard_library , dbr:FUNET , dbr:SR-IOV , dbr:Application_software , dbr:File_system , dbr:Ext3 , dbr:Type_qualifier , dbr:HPET , dbr:Computer_multitasking , dbr:NTFS , , dbr:Context_switch , , , dbr:Ksplice , , dbr:Mobile_device , dbr:Userspace , dbr:Application_binary_interface , dbr:PC_Card , dbr:Mandatory_access_control , dbr:Devfs , , dbr:HarperBusiness , dbr:Memory_paging , dbr:X_Window_System , dbr:Greg_Kroah-Hartman , dbr:Concurrent_computing , dbc:Operating_systems , dbr:Computer_science , dbr:System_V_Interface_Definition , dbr:Filesystem_Hierarchy_Standard , dbr:Filesystem_in_Userspace , dbr:RPMsg , dbr:User_identifier , , dbr:Application_programming_interface , dbr:Btrfs , dbr:Memory_management , , dbr:Plug_and_Play , dbr:Linux_on_embedded_systems , dbr:Non-uniform_memory_access , dbr:Sailfish_OS , dbr:X86_assembly_language , dbr:Mutual_exclusion , dbr:Berkeley_Software_Distribution , dbr:Linux_kernel_version_history , dbr:Reverse-engineer , dbr:VMware , dbr:Procfs , dbr:Itanium , dbr:IBM , dbr:User_mode , dbr:Linux_kernel_mailing_list , dbr:Linux_kernel_oops , dbr:Kay_Sievers , , , dbr:Linux_distribution , dbr:PowerPC , dbr:CPU_architecture , , dbr:Contributor_Covenant , dbr:Hypervisor , dbr:GitHub , dbr:History_of_the_Berkeley_Software_Distribution , dbr:Linux_Standard_Base , , dbr:Deployment_environment , dbr:Git , dbr:Completely_Fair_Scheduler , dbr:Linux_Security_Modules , dbr:BitKeeper , dbr:Grub2 , dbr:Man_page , dbr:Nvidia_Optimus , dbr:Systemd , dbr:Non-blocking_algorithm , dbr:Printk , , dbr:InfiniBand , dbr:Graphics_processing_unit , , , dbr:MIPS_architecture , dbr:Internet_protocol_suite , dbr:Google , dbr:Virtual_memory , , dbr:Bzip2 , dbr:Earliest_deadline_first_scheduling , dbr:Code_of_conduct , dbr:User_space , dbr:Vmlinux , dbr:Shuah_Khan , dbr:Computer_History_Museum , dbr:Virtual_file_system , dbr:Access-control_list , , dbr:Long-term_support . @prefix ns14: . dbr:Linux_kernel dbo:wikiPageWikiLink ns14:AT , dbr:Free_and_open-source_software , dbr:Read-copy-update , dbr:Motorola_68000 , dbr:Unix-like , dbr:ARM_architecture , dbr:Sage_Sharp , dbr:Unix , , dbr:Linked_list , dbr:Linaro , , dbr:Free_software , dbr:Instruction_set_architecture , dbr:Radeon , dbc:Free_and_open-source_software , dbr:Paravirtualization , dbr:Group_identifier , dbr:Backporting , dbr:Radix_tree , dbr:Preemptive_multitasking , dbc:Free_system_software , dbr:Page_frame , , dbr:Derivative_work , dbr:Con_Kolivas , dbr:Usenet_newsgroup , dbr:Yocto_Project , dbr:System_V , dbr:LLVM , dbr:Regression_tests , , dbr:Kernel_Mode_Setting , dbr:Direct_Rendering_Manager , dbr:Pentium_4 , dbc:Finnish_inventions , dbr:Mainframe_computers , dbr:Monolithic_kernel , , , dbr:File_systems , , dbr:National_Security_Agency , dbr:WebOS , dbr:Industry_Standard_Architecture , , dbr:Live_patching , dbc:Software_using_the_GPL_license , dbr:PA-RISC , dbr:Random-access_memory , , dbr:Communication_protocol , dbr:Task_struct , dbr:Debian , dbr:Ethernet , dbr:Memory_protection , dbr:Pixel_2 , dbr:Memory_ordering , , , dbr:Inclusive_language , dbr:LKML , dbr:Round-robin_scheduling , dbr:Xenix , dbr:Clang , dbr:Universal_Serial_Bus , dbr:Trademark , dbr:Compiling , , dbr:IA-64 , dbr:Maemo , , dbr:System_call , , , dbr:Network_interface_controller , dbr:Object_file , dbr:Compiler , dbr:Synthetic_file_system , dbr:Device_driver , dbr:I386 , dbr:Firefox_OS , , dbr:Alpha_AXP , , , dbr:Big_O_notation , dbr:CPU , dbr:University_of_Minnesota . @prefix ns15: . dbr:Linux_kernel dbo:wikiPageWikiLink ns15:sys , dbr:Interrupt_handler , dbr:Memory_barrier , dbr:XFS , , , dbr:Source_code , dbr:Asymmetric_multiprocessing , dbr:X86-64 , dbr:University_of_Helsinki , dbr:X86 , dbc:Linux_kernel , dbr:Native_POSIX_Thread_Library , dbr:File_Allocation_Table , dbr:Header_files , , dbr:MS-DOS , dbr:Samsung , dbr:AArch64 , dbr:Source_files , dbr:KGraft , dbr:Direct_memory_access , dbr:Microsoft , dbr:Proprietary_software , dbr:Advanced_Linux_Sound_Architecture , dbr:Red_Hat , dbr:Source_code_management , dbr:Linux_Foundation , dbr:MINIX , dbr:User-mode_Linux , dbr:Xen , dbr:GNU_zip , dbr:Hardware-assisted_virtualization , dbr:Digital_rights_management , dbr:Serial_cable , dbr:Usenet , dbr:Linux_boot , dbr:Finland , , dbr:Embedded_device , dbr:OS-level_virtualization , dbr:Device_tree , dbr:Linux-VServer , dbr:KGDB , dbr:Linux-libre , dbr:Device_drivers , dbr:Pseudo_terminal , dbr:Linux , dbr:Balkanization ; dbo:wikiPageExternalLink , , , , , , , , , , . @prefix ns16: . dbr:Linux_kernel dbo:wikiPageExternalLink ns16:source , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ; owl:sameAs , , , , , . @prefix dbpedia-fr: . dbr:Linux_kernel owl:sameAs dbpedia-fr:Noyau_Linux , , . @prefix ns18: . dbr:Linux_kernel owl:sameAs ns18:Linux , , , , , , , , . @prefix dbpedia-simple: . dbr:Linux_kernel owl:sameAs dbpedia-simple:Linux_kernel , . @prefix dbpedia-commons: . dbr:Linux_kernel owl:sameAs dbpedia-commons:Linux_kernel , , , , wikidata:Q14579 . @prefix ns21: . dbr:Linux_kernel owl:sameAs ns21:Linux , . @prefix dbpedia-nn: . dbr:Linux_kernel owl:sameAs dbpedia-nn:Linux-kjernen , . @prefix dbpedia-sq: . dbr:Linux_kernel owl:sameAs dbpedia-sq:Linux_kernel , , . @prefix dbpedia-id: . dbr:Linux_kernel owl:sameAs dbpedia-id:Kernel_Linux . @prefix dbpedia-is: . dbr:Linux_kernel owl:sameAs dbpedia-is:Linuxkjarninn . @prefix ns26: . dbr:Linux_kernel owl:sameAs ns26:Linux_kernel , . @prefix dbpedia-no: . dbr:Linux_kernel owl:sameAs dbpedia-no:Linuxkjernen , , . @prefix dbpedia-nl: . dbr:Linux_kernel owl:sameAs dbpedia-nl:Linuxkernel , . @prefix ns29: . dbr:Linux_kernel owl:sameAs ns29:TWn2 , , , , , , , , , , , . @prefix dbpedia-lmo: . dbr:Linux_kernel owl:sameAs dbpedia-lmo:Kernel_Linux . @prefix yago-res: . dbr:Linux_kernel owl:sameAs yago-res:Linux_kernel , , , , . @prefix dbt: . dbr:Linux_kernel dbp:wikiPageUsesTemplate dbt:Image_frame , dbt:Linux_layers , dbt:Blockquote , dbt:Snd , dbt:Notelist , dbt:Short_description , dbt:See_also , dbt:Cite_web , dbt:Sic , dbt:Commons , dbt:Man , dbt:Cite_book , dbt:Citation_needed , dbt:Wikibooks , dbt:Wikidata , dbt:Linux_people , dbt:Linux , dbt:Efn , dbt:Main , dbt:Routing_software , dbt:Use_dmy_dates , dbt:Portal , dbt:Infobox_software , dbt:As_of , dbt:Linux_kernel , dbt:Start_date_and_age , dbt:Annotated_link , dbt:Anchor , dbt:Mobile_operating_systems , dbt:Refbegin , dbt:YouTube , dbt:Refend , dbt:Reflist , dbt:Stacked_bar , dbt:Mono ; dbo:thumbnail ; dbp:author dbr:Linus_Torvalds ; dbp:caption "Linux kernel 3.0.0 booting"@en , "Corporate affiliation of contributions to the Linux kernel, 4.8\u20134.13."@en ; dbp:developer "Linus Torvalds"@en , "Community contributors"@en ; dbp:language "English"@en ; dbp:license ""@en , "GPL-2.0-only with Linux-syscall-note."@en ; dbp:logo 120 ; dbp:logoCaption "Tux the penguin, mascot of Linux"@en ; dbp:programmingLanguage "assembly language"@en , , "C ,"@en . @prefix xsd: . dbr:Linux_kernel dbp:released "0.02"^^xsd:double ; dbp:screenshot "Linux 3.0.0 boot.png"@en ; dbp:sign "Linus Torvalds, 2005"@en , "Andrew Morton, 2005"@en , "Linus Torvalds, 2001"@en , "Greg Kroah-Hartman, 2010"@en ; dbp:text "This means that any drivers written for Android hardware platforms, can not get merged into the main kernel tree because they have dependencies on code that only lives in Google's kernel tree, causing it to fail to build in the kernel.org tree. Because of this, Google has now prevented a large chunk of hardware drivers and platform code from ever getting merged into the main kernel tree. Effectively creating a kernel branch that a number of different vendors are now relying on."@en , "Instead of a roadmap, there are technical guidelines. Instead of a central resource allocation, there are persons and companies who all have a stake in the further development of the Linux kernel, quite independently from one another:\n\nPeople like Linus Torvalds and I don\u2019t plan the kernel evolution. We don\u2019t sit there and think up the roadmap for the next two years, then assign resources to the various new features. That's because we don\u2019t have any resources. The resources are all owned by the various corporations who use and contribute to Linux, as well as by the various independent contributors out there. It's those people who own the resources who decide..."@en , "They're not...well they are, and they're not. There is no single kernel. Every single distribution has their own changes. That's been going on since pretty much day one. I don't know if you may remember Yggdrasil was known for having quite extreme changes to the kernel and even today all of the major vendors have their own tweaks because they have some portion of the market they're interested in and quite frankly that's how it should be. Because if everybody expects one person, me, to be able to track everything that's not the point of GPL. That's not the point of having an open system. So actually the fact that a distribution decides that something is so important to them that they will add patches for even when it's not in the standard kernel, that's a really good sign for me. So that's for example how something like ReiserFS got added. And the reason why ReiserFS is the first journaling filesystem that was integrated in the standard kernel was not because I love Hans Reiser. It was because SUSE actually started shipping with ReiserFS as their standard kernel, which told me \"ok.\" This is actually in production use. Normal People are doing this. They must know something I don't know. So in a very real sense what a lot of distribution houses do, they are part of this \"let's make our own branch\" and \"let's make our changes to this.\" And because of the GPL, I can take the best portions of them."@en , "Linux is evolution, not intelligent design!"@en ; dbp:title "Linux kernel"@en ; dbp:website ; dbp:width 600 ; dbo:abstract "\u039F \u03C0\u03C5\u03C1\u03AE\u03BD\u03B1\u03C2 Linux \u03B5\u03AF\u03BD\u03B1\u03B9 \u03AD\u03BD\u03B1\u03C2 \u03C0\u03C5\u03C1\u03AE\u03BD\u03B1\u03C2 \u03BB\u03B5\u03B9\u03C4\u03BF\u03C5\u03C1\u03B3\u03B9\u03BA\u03BF\u03CD \u03C3\u03C5\u03C3\u03C4\u03AE\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03BF\u03C2 \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C7\u03C1\u03B7\u03C3\u03B9\u03BC\u03BF\u03C0\u03BF\u03B9\u03B5\u03AF\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03BF\u03B9\u03BA\u03BF\u03B3\u03AD\u03BD\u03B5\u03B9\u03B1 Unix-\u03BF\u03B5\u03B9\u03B4\u03CE\u03BD \u03BB\u03B5\u03B9\u03C4\u03BF\u03C5\u03C1\u03B3\u03B9\u03BA\u03CE\u03BD \u03C3\u03C5\u03C3\u03C4\u03B7\u03BC\u03AC\u03C4\u03C9\u03BD \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03BF\u03B9\u03BA\u03BF\u03B3\u03AD\u03BD\u03B5\u03B9\u03B1\u03C2 Linux. \u0398\u03B5\u03C9\u03C1\u03B5\u03AF\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C9\u03C2 \u03AD\u03BD\u03B1 \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03C4\u03B1 \u03C0\u03B9\u03BF \u03C7\u03B1\u03C1\u03B1\u03BA\u03C4\u03B7\u03C1\u03B9\u03C3\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AC \u03C0\u03B1\u03C1\u03B1\u03B4\u03B5\u03AF\u03B3\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03B1 \u03B5\u03BB\u03B5\u03CD\u03B8\u03B5\u03C1\u03BF\u03C5 \u03BB\u03BF\u03B3\u03B9\u03C3\u03BC\u03B9\u03BA\u03BF\u03CD. \u039F \u03C0\u03C5\u03C1\u03AE\u03BD\u03B1\u03C2 Linux \u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03BD\u03AD\u03BC\u03B5\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C5\u03C0\u03CC \u03C4\u03B7 \u0393\u03B5\u03BD\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u0386\u03B4\u03B5\u03B9\u03B1 \u0394\u03B7\u03BC\u03CC\u03C3\u03B9\u03B1\u03C2 \u03A7\u03C1\u03AE\u03C3\u03B7\u03C2 GNU \u03AD\u03BA\u03B4\u03BF\u03C3\u03B7 2 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03BF\u03C1\u03B9\u03C3\u03BC\u03AD\u03BD\u03C9\u03BD \u03AC\u03BB\u03BB\u03C9\u03BD \u03B1\u03B4\u03B5\u03B9\u03CE\u03BD \u03BA\u03BB\u03B5\u03B9\u03C3\u03C4\u03BF\u03CD \u03BA\u03CE\u03B4\u03B9\u03BA\u03B1, \u03B3\u03B9\u03B1 \u03BC\u03B5\u03C1\u03B9\u03BA\u03AC \u03C0\u03C1\u03BF\u03B3\u03C1\u03AC\u03BC\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03B1 \u03BF\u03B4\u03AE\u03B3\u03B7\u03C3\u03B7\u03C2. \u0391\u03BD\u03B1\u03C0\u03C4\u03CD\u03C3\u03C3\u03B5\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03C0\u03C1\u03BF\u03B3\u03C1\u03B1\u03BC\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03B9\u03C3\u03C4\u03AD\u03C2 \u03C0\u03B1\u03B3\u03BA\u03BF\u03C3\u03BC\u03AF\u03C9\u03C2, \u03BF \u03C3\u03C5\u03BD\u03C4\u03BF\u03BD\u03B9\u03C3\u03BC\u03CC\u03C2 \u03C4\u03C9\u03BD \u03BF\u03C0\u03BF\u03AF\u03C9\u03BD \u03B3\u03AF\u03BD\u03B5\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03BC\u03B5 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B8\u03B7\u03BC\u03B5\u03C1\u03B9\u03BD\u03AD\u03C2 \u03C3\u03C5\u03B6\u03B7\u03C4\u03AE\u03C3\u03B5\u03B9\u03C2 \u03C3\u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03B1\u03BD\u03C4\u03AF\u03C3\u03C4\u03BF\u03B9\u03C7\u03B7 \u03C4\u03B1\u03C7\u03C5\u03B4\u03C1\u03BF\u03BC\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03BB\u03AF\u03C3\u03C4\u03B1 (Linux kernel mailing list - LKML). \u039F \u03C0\u03C5\u03C1\u03AE\u03BD\u03B1\u03C2 Linux \u03B4\u03B7\u03BC\u03B9\u03BF\u03C5\u03C1\u03B3\u03AE\u03B8\u03B7\u03BA\u03B5 \u03B1\u03C1\u03C7\u03B9\u03BA\u03AC \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03C4\u03BF\u03BD \u03A6\u03B9\u03BD\u03BB\u03B1\u03BD\u03B4\u03CC \u03C6\u03BF\u03B9\u03C4\u03B7\u03C4\u03AE \u03C0\u03BB\u03B7\u03C1\u03BF\u03C6\u03BF\u03C1\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE\u03C2 \u039B\u03AF\u03BD\u03BF\u03C5\u03C2 \u03A4\u03CC\u03C1\u03B2\u03B1\u03BB\u03BD\u03C4\u03C2 \u03C4\u03BF 1991. \u03A4\u03BF Linux \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03B1\u03C1\u03C7\u03AE \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03B4\u03B7\u03BC\u03B9\u03BF\u03C5\u03C1\u03B3\u03AF\u03B1\u03C2 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C3\u03C5\u03B3\u03BA\u03AD\u03BD\u03C4\u03C1\u03C9\u03C3\u03B5 \u03C0\u03C1\u03BF\u03B3\u03C1\u03B1\u03BC\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03B9\u03C3\u03C4\u03AD\u03C2 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C7\u03C1\u03AE\u03C3\u03C4\u03B5\u03C2 \u03BF\u03B9 \u03BF\u03C0\u03BF\u03AF\u03BF\u03B9 \u03C0\u03C1\u03BF\u03C3\u03AC\u03C1\u03BC\u03BF\u03C3\u03B1\u03BD \u03BA\u03CE\u03B4\u03B9\u03BA\u03B1 \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03AC\u03BB\u03BB\u03B1 \u03AD\u03C1\u03B3\u03B1 \u03B5\u03BB\u03B5\u03CD\u03B8\u03B5\u03C1\u03BF\u03C5 \u03BB\u03BF\u03B3\u03B9\u03C3\u03BC\u03B9\u03BA\u03BF\u03CD \u03B3\u03B9\u03B1 \u03C7\u03C1\u03AE\u03C3\u03B7 \u03BC\u03B5 \u03C4\u03BF \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9\u03BD\u03BF\u03CD\u03C1\u03B9\u03BF \u03BB\u03B5\u03B9\u03C4\u03BF\u03C5\u03C1\u03B3\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC \u03C3\u03CD\u03C3\u03C4\u03B7\u03BC\u03B1. \u039F \u03C0\u03C5\u03C1\u03AE\u03BD\u03B1\u03C2 \u03AD\u03C7\u03B5\u03B9 \u03C3\u03C5\u03B3\u03BA\u03B5\u03BD\u03C4\u03C1\u03CE\u03C3\u03B5\u03B9 \u03C3\u03C5\u03BD\u03B5\u03B9\u03C3\u03C6\u03BF\u03C1\u03AD\u03C2 \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03C7\u03B9\u03BB\u03B9\u03AC\u03B4\u03B5\u03C2 \u03C0\u03C1\u03BF\u03B3\u03C1\u03B1\u03BC\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03B9\u03C3\u03C4\u03AD\u03C2, \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C0\u03AC\u03BD\u03C9 \u03C3\u03B5 \u03B1\u03C5\u03C4\u03CC\u03BD \u03B2\u03B1\u03C3\u03AF\u03B6\u03BF\u03BD\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C0\u03BF\u03BB\u03BB\u03AD\u03C2 \u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03BD\u03BF\u03BC\u03AD\u03C2 Linux."@el , "De Linuxkernel is de kernel (kern) van besturingssystemen uit de Linuxfamilie."@nl , "Kernel Linux adalah kernel yang digunakan dalam sistem operasi GNU/Linux. Kernel ini merupakan turunan dari keluarga sistem operasi Unix, dirilis dengan menggunakan lisensi GNU General Public License (GPL), dan dikembangkan oleh pemrogram di seluruh dunia. Linux merupakan contoh utama dari perangkat lunak bebas dan sumber terbuka. Kernel Linux dirilis di bawah Lisensi Publik Umum GNU versi 2 (GPLv2) (dengan bermacam-macam firmware dengan lisensi tidak gratis yang bervariatif), dan dikembangkan oleh kontributor dari seluruh dunia. Diskusi perkembangan dari hari ke hari dilakukan di (LKML). Kernel Linux pada awalnya dibayangkan dan kemudian dibuat oleh murid ilmu komputer berkebangsaan Finlandia, Linus Torvalds pada tahun 1991. Pengembang dan pengguna Linux bertambah dengan cepat, lalu mereka mengadaptasi kode dari proyek-proyek untuk digunakan sebagai sistem operasi baru. Kernel Linux telah menerima kontribusi dari ribuan pemrogram. Banyak distribusi Linux telah dirilis berdasarkan kernel Linux."@in , "\uB9AC\uB205\uC2A4 \uCEE4\uB110(\uC601\uC5B4: Linux kernel)\uC740 \uC624\uD508 \uC18C\uC2A4 \uBAA8\uB180\uB9AC\uB515 \uC720\uB2C9\uC2A4 \uACC4\uC5F4 \uCEF4\uD4E8\uD130 \uC6B4\uC601 \uCCB4\uC81C \uCEE4\uB110\uC774\uB2E4. \uB9AC\uB205\uC2A4 \uACC4\uC5F4\uC758 \uC6B4\uC601 \uCCB4\uC81C\uB294 \uC774 \uCEE4\uB110\uC5D0 \uAE30\uBC18\uC744 \uB450\uBA70 \uAC1C\uC778\uC6A9 \uCEF4\uD4E8\uD130\uC640 \uC11C\uBC84\uC640 \uAC19\uC740 \uC804\uD1B5\uC801\uC778 \uCEF4\uD4E8\uD130 \uC2DC\uC2A4\uD15C\uB4E4\uACFC \uB77C\uC6B0\uD130, \uBB34\uC120 \uC561\uC138\uC2A4 \uD3EC\uC778\uD2B8, , \uC14B\uD1B1 \uBC15\uC2A4, , \uC2A4\uB9C8\uD2B8 TV, PVR, NAS \uC5B4\uD50C\uB77C\uC774\uC5B8\uC2A4 \uB4F1\uC758 \uB2E4\uC591\uD55C \uC784\uBCA0\uB514\uB4DC \uC7A5\uCE58\uC5D0 \uBCF4\uD1B5 \uB9AC\uB205\uC2A4 \uBC30\uD3EC\uD310\uC758 \uD615\uD0DC\uB85C \uBC30\uCE58\uB41C\uB2E4. \uD0DC\uBE14\uB9BF \uCEF4\uD4E8\uD130, \uC2A4\uB9C8\uD2B8\uD3F0, \uC2A4\uB9C8\uD2B8\uC6CC\uCE58\uB97C \uC704\uD55C \uC548\uB4DC\uB85C\uC774\uB4DC \uC6B4\uC601 \uCCB4\uC81C\uB294 \uAE30\uB2A5 \uAD6C\uD604\uC744 \uC704\uD574 \uB9AC\uB205\uC2A4 \uCEE4\uB110\uC774 \uC81C\uACF5\uD558\uB294 \uC11C\uBE44\uC2A4\uB4E4\uC744 \uC0AC\uC6A9\uD55C\uB2E4. \uB370\uC2A4\uD06C\uD1B1 \uCEF4\uD4E8\uD130\uC5D0 \uCC44\uC6A9\uD558\uB294 \uACBD\uC6B0\uAC00 \uB0AE\uC740 \uD3B8\uC774\uC9C0\uB9CC \uB9AC\uB205\uC2A4 \uAE30\uBC18 \uC6B4\uC601 \uCCB4\uC81C\uB4E4\uC740 \uBAA8\uBC14\uC77C \uC7A5\uCE58\uC5D0\uC11C\uBD80\uD130 \uBA54\uC778\uD504\uB808\uC784\uC5D0 \uC774\uB974\uAE30\uAE4C\uC9C0 \uAE30\uD0C0 \uAC70\uC758 \uBAA8\uB4E0 \uCEF4\uD4E8\uD305 \uBD80\uBB38\uC744 \uC9C0\uBC30\uD558\uACE0 \uC788\uB2E4. 2017\uB144 11\uC6D4 \uAE30\uC900\uC73C\uB85C, \uC138\uACC4 500\uB300\uC758 \uAC00\uC7A5 \uAC15\uB825\uD55C \uC288\uD37C\uCEF4\uD4E8\uD130\uB4E4\uC740 \uBAA8\uB450 \uB9AC\uB205\uC2A4\uB97C \uC2E4\uD589\uD558\uACE0 \uC788\uB2E4. \uB9AC\uB205\uC2A4 \uCEE4\uB110\uC740 1991\uB144 \uB9AC\uB204\uC2A4 \uD1A0\uB974\uBC1C\uC2A4\uAC00 \uC790\uC2E0\uC758 \uAC1C\uC778\uC6A9 \uCEF4\uD4E8\uD130\uB97C \uC704\uD574 \uACE0\uC548\uB418\uC5B4 \uAC1C\uBC1C \uB418\uC5C8\uACE0 \uD06C\uB85C\uC2A4 \uD50C\uB7AB\uD3FC\uC758 \uC758\uB3C4\uB294 \uC5C6\uC5C8\uC73C\uB098 \uADF8 \uC774\uD6C4\uB85C \uB2E4\uB978 \uC6B4\uC601 \uCCB4\uC81C\uB098 \uCEE4\uB110 \uB300\uBE44 \uB354 \uB2E4\uC591\uD55C \uCEF4\uD4E8\uD130 \uC544\uD0A4\uD14D\uCC98\uB97C \uC9C0\uC6D0\uD558\uB3C4\uB85D \uD655\uC7A5\uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uB9AC\uB205\uC2A4\uB294 \uAE09\uC18D\uB3C4\uB85C \uAE30\uD0C0 \uC790\uC720 \uC18C\uD504\uD2B8\uC6E8\uC5B4 \uD504\uB85C\uC81D\uD2B8, \uD2B9\uD788 GNU \uC6B4\uC601 \uCCB4\uC81C\uB85C \uC774 \uCEE4\uB110\uC744 \uCC44\uD0DD\uD55C \uAC1C\uBC1C\uC790\uB4E4\uACFC \uC0AC\uC6A9\uC790\uB4E4\uC744 \uB9E4\uD639\uC2DC\uCF30\uB2E4. \uB9AC\uB205\uC2A4 \uCEE4\uB110\uC740 1,200\uAC1C \uC774\uC0C1\uC758 \uD68C\uC0AC\uC758 12,000\uBA85\uC5D0 \uAC00\uAE4C\uC6B4 \uD504\uB85C\uADF8\uB798\uBA38\uB4E4\uC758 \uAE30\uC5EC\uB97C \uBC1B\uC544\uC654\uC73C\uBA70, \uC5EC\uAE30\uC5D0\uB294 \uCD5C\uB300 \uC18C\uD504\uD2B8\uC6E8\uC5B4 \uBC0F \uD558\uB4DC\uC6E8\uC5B4 \uBCA4\uB354\uB4E4 \uC77C\uBD80\uAC00 \uD3EC\uD568\uB41C\uB2E4. \uB9AC\uB205\uC2A4 \uCEE4\uB110 API\uB294 \uC0AC\uC6A9\uC790 \uD504\uB85C\uADF8\uB7A8\uB4E4\uC774 \uCEE4\uB110\uACFC \uD1B5\uC2E0\uD558\uB294 API\uB85C\uC11C \uB9E4\uC6B0 \uC548\uC815\uC801\uC774\uACE0 \uC720\uC800\uC2A4\uD398\uC774\uC2A4 \uD504\uB85C\uADF8\uB7A8(GUI\uB97C \uAC16\uCD94\uACE0 \uB2E4\uB978 API\uC5D0 \uC758\uC874\uD558\uB294 \uC77C\uBD80 \uD504\uB85C\uADF8\uB7A8)\uC744 \uB9DD\uAC00\uD2B8\uB9AC\uC9C0 \uC54A\uB294\uB2E4\uB294 \uAC83\uC744 \uB73B\uD55C\uB2E4. \uCEE4\uB110 \uAE30\uB2A5\uC758 \uC77C\uBD80\uB85C\uC11C \uC7A5\uCE58 \uB4DC\uB77C\uC774\uBC84\uB4E4\uC740 \uD558\uB4DC\uC6E8\uC5B4\uB97C \uC81C\uC5B4\uD55C\uB2E4. \uC989, \uC8FC\uB958 \uC7A5\uCE58 \uB4DC\uB77C\uC774\uBC84\uB4E4\uC740 \uB9E4\uC6B0 \uC548\uC815\uC801\uC784\uC744 \uB73B\uD55C\uB2E4. \uADF8\uB7EC\uB098 \uB2E4\uB978 \uC218\uB9CE\uC740 \uCEE4\uB110\uACFC \uC6B4\uC601 \uCCB4\uC81C\uC640 \uB2EC\uB9AC \uCEE4\uB110\uACFC \uC801\uC7AC \uAC00\uB2A5 \uCEE4\uB110 \uBAA8\uB4C8(LKM) \uAC04\uC758 \uC778\uD130\uD398\uC774\uC2A4\uAC00 \uB9E4\uC6B0 \uC548\uC815\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uC124\uACC4\uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4\uB294 \uAC83\uC744 \uB73B\uD558\uB294 \uAC83\uC740 \uC544\uB2C8\uB2E4. \uC804 \uC138\uACC4 \uAE30\uC5EC\uC790\uB4E4\uC774 \uAC1C\uBC1C\uD55C \uB9AC\uB205\uC2A4 \uCEE4\uB110\uC740 \uC790\uC720-\uC624\uD508 \uC18C\uC2A4 \uC18C\uD504\uD2B8\uC6E8\uC5B4\uC758 \uC800\uBA85\uD55C \uC608\uC774\uBA70, \uBC84\uC804\uC5D0 \uB530\uB77C \uCD5C\uB300 6\uB144\uC744 \uC9C0\uC6D0\uD55C\uB2E4. (LKML)\uC5D0\uC11C \uC77C\uC77C \uAC1C\uBC1C \uD1A0\uB860\uC774 \uC9C4\uD589\uB41C\uB2E4. \uB9AC\uB205\uC2A4 \uCEE4\uB110\uC740 GNU \uC77C\uBC18 \uACF5\uC911 \uC0AC\uC6A9\uAD8C \uBC84\uC804 2 (GPLv2)\uB85C \uCD9C\uC2DC\uB418\uBA70, \uC77C\uBD80\uB294 \uC790\uC720\uAC00 \uC544\uB2CC \uC5EC\uB7EC \uB77C\uC774\uC120\uC2A4\uB85C \uCD9C\uC2DC\uB41C \uC77C\uBD80 \uD38C\uC6E8\uC5B4 \uC774\uBBF8\uC9C0\uB4E4\uC744 \uD3EC\uD568\uD558\uACE0 \uC788\uB2E4."@ko , "Linux \u00E4r en fri, Unix-liknande operativsystemsk\u00E4rna mest k\u00E4nd f\u00F6r sin del i operativsystemet Linux. Linux \u00E4r ocks\u00E5 k\u00E4rnan i de mobila operativsystemen Android och Sailfish."@sv , "The Linux kernel is a free and open-source, monolithic, modular, multitasking, Unix-like operating system kernel. It was originally authored in 1991 by Linus Torvalds for his i386-based PC, and it was soon adopted as the kernel for the GNU operating system, which was written to be a free (libre) replacement for Unix. Linux is provided under the GNU General Public License version 2 only, but it contains files under other compatible licenses. Since the late 1990s, it has been included as part of a large number of operating system distributions, many of which are commonly also called Linux. Linux is deployed on a wide variety of computing systems, such as embedded devices, mobile devices (including its use in the Android operating system), personal computers, servers, mainframes, and supercomputers. It can be tailored for specific architectures and for several usage scenarios using a family of simple commands (that is, without the need of manually editing its source code before compilation); privileged users can also fine-tune kernel parameters at runtime. Most of the Linux kernel code is written using the GNU extensions of GCC to the standard C programming language and with the use of architecture-specific instructions (ISA) in limited parts of the kernel. This produces a highly optimized executable (vmlinux) with respect to utilization of memory space and task execution times. Day-to-day development discussions take place on the Linux kernel mailing list (LKML). Changes are tracked using the version control system git, which was originally authored by Torvalds as a free software replacement for BitKeeper."@en , "Linux \u00E8 un kernel, creato nel 1991 da Linus Torvalds e derivato da UNIX, distribuito sotto licenza di software libero GNU GPLv2 (anzich\u00E9 software proprietario), comprendente anche diversi firmware sotto licenze non-libere. Utilizzato spesso congiuntamente al sistema operativo GNU, ideato da Richard Stallman, ha dato vita alla famiglia di sistema operativo Linux, diffusi nelle varie distribuzioni (l'accesso diretto al kernel da parte dell'utente/amministratore in modalit\u00E0 user mode/kernel mode si ha attraverso la cosiddetta Linux console). L'attivit\u00E0 di sviluppo, promossa dalla Linux Foundation, ha portato ad una standardizzazione nota come Linux Standard Base, mentre un tentativo di implementazione di un kernel completamente libero \u00E8 rappresentata da Linux-libre."@it , "Linux\u30AB\u30FC\u30CD\u30EB\u306F\u3001Unix\u7CFB\u30AA\u30DA\u30EC\u30FC\u30C6\u30A3\u30F3\u30B0\u30B7\u30B9\u30C6\u30E0\u3067\u3042\u308BLinux\u306E\u30AB\u30FC\u30CD\u30EB\u3002\u30EA\u30FC\u30CA\u30B9\u30FB\u30C8\u30FC\u30D0\u30EB\u30BA\u306B\u3088\u3063\u3066\u958B\u767A\u304C\u958B\u59CB\u3055\u308C\u305F\u3002\u30E9\u30A4\u30BB\u30F3\u30B9\u306BGPL\uFF08\u30D0\u30FC\u30B8\u30E7\u30F32\uFF09\u3092\u63A1\u7528\u3059\u308B\u81EA\u7531\u306A\u30BD\u30D5\u30C8\u30A6\u30A7\u30A2\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002 \u901A\u5E38\u3001Linux\u30AB\u30FC\u30CD\u30EB\u3068\u8A00\u3048\u3070\u30EA\u30FC\u30CA\u30B9\u304C\u7BA1\u7406\u30FB\u516C\u958B\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308B\u516C\u5F0F\u7248\uFF08\u30E1\u30A4\u30F3\u30E9\u30A4\u30F3\u30FB\u30AB\u30FC\u30CD\u30EB\uFF09\u3092\u6307\u3059\u304C\u3001Linux\u30C7\u30A3\u30B9\u30C8\u30EA\u30D3\u30E5\u30FC\u30B7\u30E7\u30F3\u3067\u4F7F\u7528\u3055\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u30AB\u30FC\u30CD\u30EB\u306F\u3001\u30D0\u30FC\u30B8\u30E7\u30F3\u304C\u53E4\u304B\u3063\u305F\u308A\u3001\u30D9\u30F3\u30C0\u30FC\u304C\u72EC\u81EA\u306E\u6539\u9020\u3092\u65BD\u3057\u3066\u3042\u308B\u3053\u3068\u304C\u591A\u3044\u3002\u4F8B\u3048\u3070\u3001Android\u3067\u4F7F\u7528\u3055\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u30AB\u30FC\u30CD\u30EB\u3082\u305D\u306E\u3072\u3068\u3064\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u3053\u306E\u3088\u3046\u306A\u975E\u516C\u5F0F\u306E\u30AB\u30FC\u30CD\u30EB\u306F\u3001\u30D9\u30F3\u30C0\u30FC\u5074\u304C\u5BFE\u5FDC\u3059\u3079\u304D\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308B\u305F\u3081\u3001Linux Kernel Mailing List\u306A\u3069\u3067\u306F\u57FA\u672C\u7684\u306B\u5BFE\u5FDC\u5BFE\u8C61\u5916\u3068\u306A\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002 \u958B\u767A\u306E\u521D\u671F\u306B\u306F\u3001MINIX\u3092\u53C2\u8003\u3068\u3057\u3066\u304A\u308A\u3001\u5F71\u97FF\u3092\u53D7\u3051\u3066\u3082\u3044\u308B\u304C\u3001MINIX\u306E\u30B3\u30FC\u30C9\u306F\u4F7F\u7528\u305B\u305A\u3001\u30BC\u30ED\u304B\u3089\u66F8\u304B\u308C\u305F\uFF08IBM PC\u3092\u7AEF\u672B\u30A8\u30DF\u30E5\u30EC\u30FC\u30BF\u3068\u3057\u3066\u52D5\u304B\u3059\u305F\u3081\u306E\u30B3\u30FC\u30C9\u304B\u3089\u6210\u9577\u3055\u305B\u305F\u3082\u306E\u3068\u8A00\u308F\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\uFF09\u3002 GPL\u3092\u63A1\u7528\u3057\u305F\u3053\u3068\u304CLinux\u3092\u5171\u6709\u306E\u7269\u3068\u3057\u3066\u958B\u767A\u3059\u308B\u3053\u3068\u3092\u63A8\u9032\u3055\u305B\u305F\u3001\u3068\u3055\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002\u307E\u305F\u3001Linux\u306E\u958B\u767A\u3068\u30A4\u30F3\u30BF\u30FC\u30CD\u30C3\u30C8\u306E\u767A\u5C55\u304C\u6642\u671F\u7684\u306B\u4E00\u81F4\u3057\u305F\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3001Linux\u306E\u958B\u767A\u30B3\u30DF\u30E5\u30CB\u30C6\u30A3\u5F62\u6210\u306B\u5BC4\u4E0E\u3057\u305F\u3002 \u307E\u305F\u3001\u958B\u767A\u306B\u969B\u3057\u3066\u3001\u3088\u308A\u30AA\u30FC\u30D7\u30F3\u306A\u958B\u767A\u4F53\u5236\u3092\u3068\u308A\u3001\u73FE\u5728\u30D0\u30B6\u30FC\u30EB\u65B9\u5F0F\u3068\u547C\u3070\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3001\u8AB0\u3067\u3082Linux Kernel Mailing List\u3078\u306E\u30D0\u30B0\u5831\u544A\u3084\u4FEE\u6B63\u3001\u6A5F\u80FD\u62E1\u5F35\u30D1\u30C3\u30C1\u3092\u516C\u958B\u3067\u304D\u3001\u305D\u306E\u4E2D\u304B\u3089\u6700\u7D42\u7684\u306B\u30EA\u30FC\u30CA\u30B9\u3068\u5F7C\u304C\u4EFB\u547D\u3057\u305F\u30E1\u30A4\u30F3\u30C6\u30CA\u30FC\u304C\u30B3\u30FC\u30C7\u30A3\u30CD\u30FC\u30BF\u3068\u306A\u3063\u3066\u3001\u516C\u5F0F\u7248\u306ELinux\u30AB\u30FC\u30CD\u30EB\u306E\u8CEA\u3092\u4FDD\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002"@ja , "Le noyau Linux est un noyau de syst\u00E8me d'exploitation de type UNIX. Il est utilis\u00E9 dans plusieurs syst\u00E8mes d'exploitation dont notamment GNU/Linux (couramment appel\u00E9 \u00AB Linux \u00BB) et Android. Le noyau Linux est un logiciel partiellement libre (contenant des BLOB et des modules non-libre - consultez Linux-libre) d\u00E9velopp\u00E9 essentiellement en langage C par des milliers de b\u00E9n\u00E9voles et salari\u00E9s collaborant sur Internet. Le noyau est le c\u0153ur du syst\u00E8me, c'est lui qui s'occupe de fournir aux logiciels une interface de programmation pour utiliser le mat\u00E9riel. Le noyau Linux a \u00E9t\u00E9 cr\u00E9\u00E9 en 1991 par Linus Torvalds pour les compatibles PC. Initialement con\u00E7u pour l'architecture de processeur x86, il a ensuite \u00E9t\u00E9 port\u00E9 sur de nombreuses autres, dont m68k, PowerPC, ARM, SPARC, MIPS et RISC-V. Il s'utilise dans une tr\u00E8s large gamme de mat\u00E9riel, des syst\u00E8mes embarqu\u00E9s aux superordinateurs, en passant par les t\u00E9l\u00E9phones mobiles et ordinateurs personnels. Ses caract\u00E9ristiques principales sont d'\u00EAtre multit\u00E2che et multi-utilisateur. Il respecte les normes POSIX ce qui en fait un digne h\u00E9ritier des syst\u00E8mes UNIX. Au d\u00E9part, le noyau a \u00E9t\u00E9 con\u00E7u pour \u00EAtre monolithique. Ce choix technique fut l'occasion de d\u00E9bats enflamm\u00E9s entre Andrew S. Tanenbaum, professeur \u00E0 l'universit\u00E9 libre d'Amsterdam qui avait d\u00E9velopp\u00E9 Minix, et Linus Torvalds. Andrew Tanenbaum arguant que les noyaux modernes se devaient d'\u00EAtre des micro-noyaux et Linus r\u00E9pondant que les performances des micro-noyaux n'\u00E9taient pas bonnes. Depuis sa version 2.0, le noyau, bien que n'\u00E9tant pas un micro-noyau, est modulaire, c'est-\u00E0-dire que certaines fonctionnalit\u00E9s peuvent \u00EAtre ajout\u00E9es ou enlev\u00E9es du noyau \u00E0 la vol\u00E9e (en cours d'utilisation)."@fr , "Linux\u5185\u6838\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1ALinux kernel\uFF09\u662F\u4E00\u79CD\u5F00\u6E90\u7684\u7C7BUnix\u64CD\u4F5C\u7CFB\u7EDF\u5B8F\u5185\u6838\u3002\u6574\u4E2ALinux\u64CD\u4F5C\u7CFB\u7EDF\u5BB6\u65CF\u57FA\u4E8E\u8BE5\u5185\u6838\u90E8\u7F72\u5728\u4F20\u7EDF\u8BA1\u7B97\u673A\u5E73\u53F0\uFF08\u5982\u4E2A\u4EBA\u8BA1\u7B97\u673A\u548C\u670D\u52A1\u5668\uFF0C\u4EE5Linux\u53D1\u884C\u7248\u7684\u5F62\u5F0F\uFF09\u548C\u5404\u79CD\u5D4C\u5165\u5F0F\u5E73\u53F0\uFF0C\u5982\u8DEF\u7531\u5668\u3001\u65E0\u7EBF\u63A5\u5165\u70B9\u3001\u4E13\u7528\u5C0F\u4EA4\u6362\u673A\u3001\u673A\u9876\u76D2\u3001\u3001\u667A\u80FD\u7535\u89C6\u3001\u6570\u5B57\u89C6\u9891\u5F55\u50CF\u673A\u3001\u7F51\u7EDC\u9644\u52A0\u5B58\u50A8\uFF08NAS\uFF09\u7B49\u3002\u5DE5\u4F5C\u4E8E\u5E73\u677F\u96FB\u8166\u3001\u667A\u80FD\u624B\u673A\u53CA\u667A\u80FD\u624B\u8868\u7684Android\u64CD\u4F5C\u7CFB\u7EDF\u540C\u6837\u901A\u8FC7Linux\u5185\u6838\u63D0\u4F9B\u7684\u670D\u52A1\u5B8C\u6210\u81EA\u8EAB\u529F\u80FD\u3002\u5C3D\u7BA1\u4E8E\u684C\u9762\u7535\u8111\u7684\u5360\u7528\u7387\u8F83\u4F4E\uFF0C\u57FA\u4E8ELinux\u7684\u64CD\u4F5C\u7CFB\u7EDF\u7EDF\u6CBB\u4E86\u51E0\u4E4E\u4ECE\u79FB\u52A8\u8BBE\u5907\u5230\u4E3B\u673A\u7684\u5176\u4ED6\u5168\u90E8\u9886\u57DF\u3002\u622A\u81F32017\u5E7411\u6708\uFF0C\u4E16\u754C\u524D500\u53F0\u6700\u5F3A\u7684\u8D85\u7EA7\u8BA1\u7B97\u673A\u5168\u90E8\u4F7F\u7528Linux\u3002 Linux\u5185\u6838\u6700\u65E9\u662F\u4E8E1991\u5E74\u7531\u82AC\u5170\u9ED1\u5BA2\u6797\u7D0D\u65AF\u00B7\u6258\u74E6\u8332\u4E3A\u81EA\u5DF1\u7684\u4E2A\u4EBA\u7535\u8111\u5F00\u53D1\u7684\uFF0C\u4ED6\u5F53\u65F6\u5728Usenet\u65B0\u95FB\u7EC4comp.os.minix\u767B\u8F7D\u5E16\u5B50\uFF0C\u8FD9\u4EFD\u8457\u540D\u7684\u5E16\u5B50\u6807\u5FD7\u7740Linux\u5185\u6838\u8BA1\u5212\u7684\u6B63\u5F0F\u5F00\u59CB\u3002\u5982\u4ECA\uFF0C\u8BE5\u8BA1\u5212\u5DF2\u7ECF\u62D3\u5C55\u5230\u652F\u6301\u5927\u91CF\u7684\u8BA1\u7B97\u673A\u4F53\u7CFB\u67B6\u6784\uFF0C\u8FDC\u8D85\u5176\u4ED6\u64CD\u4F5C\u7CFB\u7EDF\u548C\u5185\u6838\u3002\u5B83\u8FC5\u901F\u5438\u5F15\u4E86\u4E00\u6279\u5F00\u53D1\u8005\u548C\u7528\u6237\uFF0C\u5229\u7528\u5B83\u4F5C\u4E3A\u5176\u4ED6\u81EA\u7531\u8F6F\u4EF6\u9879\u76EE\u7684\u6838\u5FC3\uFF0C\u5982\u8457\u540D\u7684 GNU \u64CD\u4F5C\u7CFB\u7EDF\u3002\u800C\u4ECA\u5929\uFF0CLinux \u5185\u6838\u5DF2\u63A5\u53D7\u4E86\u8D85\u8FC71200\u5BB6\u516C\u53F8\u7684\u8FD112000\u540D\u7A0B\u5E8F\u5458\u7684\u8D21\u732E\uFF0C\u5176\u4E2D\u5305\u62EC\u4E00\u4E9B\u77E5\u540D\u7684\u8F6F\u786C\u4EF6\u53D1\u884C\u5546\u3002 \u4ECE\u6280\u672F\u4E0A\u8BF4\uFF0CLinux \u53EA\u662F\u4E00\u4E2A\u7B26\u5408POSIX \u6807\u51C6\u7684\u5185\u6838\u3002\u5B83\u63D0\u4F9B\u4E86\u4E00\u5957\u5E94\u7528\u7A0B\u5E8F\u63A5\u53E3\uFF08API\uFF09\uFF0C\u901A\u8FC7\u63A5\u53E3\u7528\u6237\u7A0B\u5E8F\u80FD\u4E0E\u5185\u6838\u53CA\u786C\u4EF6\u4EA4\u4E92\u3002\u4EC5\u4EC5\u4E00\u4E2A\u5185\u6838\u5E76\u4E0D\u662F\u4E00\u5957\u5B8C\u6574\u7684\u64CD\u4F5C\u7CFB\u7EDF\u3002\u6709\u4E00\u5957\u57FA\u4E8E Linux \u5185\u6838\u7684\u5B8C\u6574\u64CD\u4F5C\u7CFB\u7EDF\u53EB\u4F5CLinux \u64CD\u4F5C\u7CFB\u7EDF\uFF0C\u6216\u662FGNU/Linux\uFF08\u5728\u8BE5\u7CFB\u7EDF\u4E2D\u5305\u542B\u4E86\u5F88\u591AGNU \u8BA1\u5212\u7684\u7CFB\u7EDF\u7EC4\u4EF6\uFF09\u3002 Linux \u5185\u6838\u662F\u5728GNU\u901A\u7528\u516C\u5171\u8BB8\u53EF\u8BC1\u7B2C2\u7248\u4E4B\u4E0B\u53D1\u5E03\u7684\uFF08\u52A0\u4E0A\u4E00\u4E9B\u975E\u81EA\u7531\u56FA\u4EF6\u3001blob\u4E0E\u5404\u79CD\u975E\u81EA\u7531\u8BB8\u53EF\u8BC1\uFF09\uFF0C\u662F\u4E00\u4E2A\u5F00\u6E90\u9879\u76EE\u534F\u4F5C\u7684\u7A81\u51FA\u4F8B\u5B50\u3002\u5B83\u7684\u7248\u672C\u652F\u6301\u6839\u636E\u7248\u672C\u6700\u957F\u53EF\u8FBE6\u5E74\uFF0C\u8CA2\u737B\u8005\u904D\u4F48\u4E16\u754C\u5404\u5730\uFF0C\u65E5\u5E38\u5F00\u53D1\u76F8\u5173\u7684\u8BA8\u8BBA\u5728\u4E0A\u3002"@zh , "Linuxov\u00E9 j\u00E1dro (Linux kernel) je otev\u0159en\u00E9 (open source) syst\u00E9mov\u00E9 j\u00E1dro pou\u017E\u00EDvan\u00E9 unix-like opera\u010Dn\u00EDm syst\u00E9mem GNU/Linux. Je vyd\u00E1v\u00E1no pod licenc\u00ED GPLv2 a kompatibiln\u00EDmi spolu s v\u00FDjimkou, kter\u00E1 umo\u017E\u0148uje jeho pou\u017E\u00EDv\u00E1n\u00ED spole\u010Dn\u011B s komer\u010Dn\u00EDm softwarem. Je na n\u011Bm zalo\u017Eena skupina opera\u010Dn\u00EDch syst\u00E9mu pro osobn\u00ED po\u010D\u00EDta\u010De a servery (obvykle ve form\u011B linuxov\u00FDch distribuc\u00ED) a r\u016Fzn\u00E9 typy vestav\u011Bn\u00FDch za\u0159\u00EDzen\u00ED jako routery, WPA, telefonn\u00ED syst\u00E9my, set-top boxy, chytr\u00E9 televizory a jin\u00E9. Opera\u010Dn\u00ED syst\u00E9m Android pro tabletov\u00E9 po\u010D\u00EDta\u010De, chytr\u00E9 telefony a chytr\u00E9 hodinky vyu\u017E\u00EDv\u00E1 slu\u017Eby poskytovan\u00E9 linuxov\u00FDm j\u00E1drem a implementuje jeho funkce. Zat\u00EDmco vyu\u017Eit\u00ED na stoln\u00EDch po\u010D\u00EDta\u010D\u00EDch je n\u00EDzk\u00E9, opera\u010Dn\u00ED syst\u00E9my zalo\u017Een\u00E9 na Linuxu maj\u00ED p\u0159evahu t\u00E9m\u011B\u0159 v ka\u017Ed\u00E9 jin\u00E9 oblasti v\u00FDpo\u010Detn\u00ED techniky \u2013 od mobiln\u00EDch za\u0159\u00EDzen\u00ED a\u017E po s\u00E1lov\u00E9 po\u010D\u00EDta\u010De. Od listopadu 2017 b\u011B\u017E\u00ED na Linuxu v\u0161ech 500 nejv\u00FDkonn\u011Bj\u0161\u00EDch superpo\u010D\u00EDta\u010D\u016F na sv\u011Bt\u011B. Ovlada\u010De jsou sou\u010D\u00E1st\u00ED kernelu a tzv. \"mainline\" ovlada\u010De za\u0159\u00EDzen\u00ED jsou velmi stabiln\u00ED. U rozhran\u00ED mezi j\u00E1drem a moduly j\u00E1dra (LKM), na rozd\u00EDl od mnoha jin\u00FDch jader a opera\u010Dn\u00EDch syst\u00E9m\u016F, nen\u00ED zaru\u010Dena nem\u011Bnnost. Prvn\u00ED verzi j\u00E1dra naprogramoval Linus Torvalds v roce 1991 pro sebe na architektu\u0159e i386, od t\u00E9 doby se Linux roz\u0161\u00ED\u0159il na obrovsk\u00FD po\u010Det jin\u00FDch architektur. Torvalds je dodnes nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ED neform\u00E1ln\u00ED a respektovanou autoritou jeho v\u00FDvoje. Torvalds poskytl zdrojov\u00FD k\u00F3d ve\u0159ejn\u011B jako svobodn\u00FD software a d\u00EDky tomu se n\u00E1sledn\u011B k v\u00FDvoji p\u0159idaly tis\u00EDce program\u00E1tor\u016F z cel\u00E9ho sv\u011Bta."@cs , "\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u064A\u0646\u0643\u0633 \u0647\u064A \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0634\u063A\u064A\u0644 \u062C\u0646\u0648\u060C \u0643\u062A\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064A\u0646\u0648\u0633 \u062A\u0648\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0644\u062F\u0632 \u0641\u064A \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0633\u0639\u064A\u0646\u0627\u062A \u062B\u0645 \u0623\u0635\u062F\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062A\u062D\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062E\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 (\u062C\u064A.\u0628\u064A.\u0625\u0644) \u0648\u064A\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062A\u0637\u0648\u064A\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u064A\u0642 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\u0440\u043E\u0431\u043E\u0442\u0438 \u043D\u0430\u0434 \u043D\u0438\u043C \u0434\u043E\u043B\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043B\u043E\u0441\u044C \u0431\u043B\u0438\u0437\u044C\u043A\u043E \u0447\u043E\u0442\u0438\u0440\u044C\u043E\u0445 \u0442\u0438\u0441\u044F\u0447 \u0440\u043E\u0437\u0440\u043E\u0431\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0456\u0432 \u0442\u0430 \u043F\u043E\u043D\u0430\u0434 440 \u0440\u0456\u0437\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u043E\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0456\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0439. \u0420\u043E\u0431\u043E\u0442\u0443 \u043D\u0430\u0434 \u041B\u0456\u043D\u0443\u043A\u0441 \u0440\u043E\u0437\u043F\u043E\u0447\u0430\u0432 \u041B\u0456\u043D\u0443\u0441 \u0422\u043E\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043B\u044C\u0434\u0441 \u0443 1991 \u0440\u043E\u0446\u0456. \u0422\u0438\u043C \u0447\u0430\u0441\u043E\u043C, \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0454\u043A\u0442 GNU \u0440\u043E\u0437\u0440\u043E\u0431\u0438\u0432 \u0431\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442\u043E \u043A\u043E\u043C\u043F\u043E\u043D\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0456\u0432, \u043D\u0435\u043E\u0431\u0445\u0456\u0434\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u043B\u044F \u043F\u043E\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0446\u0456\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0432\u0456\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u043E\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C\u0438, \u0430\u043B\u0435 \u0439\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0432\u043B\u0430\u0441\u043D\u0435 \u044F\u0434\u0440\u043E, GNU Hurd \u0431\u0443\u043B\u043E \u043D\u0435\u043F\u043E\u0432\u043D\u0438\u043C \u0456 \u043D\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043A\u0456\u043D\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u043C. \u041F\u0440\u043E\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0454\u043A\u0442\u0443 GNU \u0442\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u043B\u0438\u043A\u0430 \u043A\u0456\u043B\u044C\u043A\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044C \u043B\u044E\u0434\u0435\u0439, \u0449\u043E \u0434\u043E\u043B\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043B\u0438\u0441\u044F \u0434\u043E \u0440\u043E\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u043A\u0443 \u044F\u0434\u0440\u0430, \u0441\u043F\u0440\u0438\u044F\u043B\u0438 \u0439\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u043E\u043F\u0443\u043B\u044F\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044E \u043F\u043E\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0446\u0456\u043D\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u043E\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C \u043D\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0456 \u0446\u044C\u043E\u0433\u043E \u044F\u0434\u0440\u0430, \u043A\u043E\u0442\u0440\u0456 \u043D\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044E\u0442\u044C \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u041B\u0456\u043D\u0443\u043A\u0441."@uk , "Linux es un n\u00FAcleo mayormente libre semejante al n\u00FAcleo de Unix.\u200B Es uno de los principales ejemplos de software libre y de c\u00F3digo abierto. Est\u00E1 licenciado bajo la GPL v2 salvo el hecho que tiene blobs binarios\u200B no-libres\u200B y la mayor parte del software incluido en el paquete que se distribuye en su sitio web es software libre. Est\u00E1 desarrollado por colaboradores de todo el mundo. El desarrollo del d\u00EDa a d\u00EDa tiene lugar en la . El n\u00FAcleo Linux fue concebido por el entonces estudiante de ciencias de la computaci\u00F3n finland\u00E9s Linus Torvalds en 1991.\u200B Linux consigui\u00F3 r\u00E1pidamente desarrolladores y usuarios que adoptaron c\u00F3digos de otros proyectos de software libre para usarlos con el nuevo n\u00FAcleo de sistema.\u200B A d\u00EDa de hoy miles de programadores de todo el mundo contribuyen en su desarrollo.\u200B Linux es multiprogramado, dispone de memoria virtual, gesti\u00F3n de memoria, conectividad en red y permite bibliotecas compartidas. Linux es multiplataforma y es portable a cualquier arquitectura siempre y cuando esta disponga de una versi\u00F3n de GCC compatible.\u200B"@es , "J\u0105dro Linux (ang. Linux kernel) \u2013 jedna z cz\u0119\u015Bci uniksopodobnych system\u00F3w operacyjnych. Jest wolnym oprogramowaniem napisanym przez Linusa Torvaldsa w 1991 roku, a obecnie rozwijane przez wielu programist\u00F3w z ca\u0142ego \u015Bwiata w ramach The Linux Foundation. Pocz\u0105tkowo Linux dzia\u0142a\u0142 na platformie Intel 80386, p\u00F3\u017Aniej zosta\u0142 przeniesiony tak\u017Ce na wiele innych platform. Najwi\u0119ksza cz\u0119\u015B\u0107 kodu napisana jest w j\u0119zyku C, z pewnymi rozszerzeniami GCC, a pozosta\u0142a cz\u0119\u015B\u0107 to wstawki w asemblerze. Kod j\u0105dra Linux jest obj\u0119ty licencj\u0105 GNU General Public License, jest zatem oprogramowaniem FLOSS."@pl , "Linux (deutsch [\u02C8li\u02D0n\u028Aks]) ist ein Betriebssystem-Kernel, der im Jahr 1991 von Linus Torvalds urspr\u00FCnglich f\u00FCr die 32-Bit-x86-Architektur IA-32 entwickelt und ab Version 0.12 unter der freien GNU General Public License (GPL) ver\u00F6ffentlicht wird. Er ist heute Teil einer Vielzahl von Betriebssystemen. Der Name Linux setzt sich zusammen aus dem Namen Linus und einem X f\u00FCr das als Vorbild dienende Unix. Er bezeichnet im weiteren Sinne mittlerweile nicht mehr nur den Kernel selbst, sondern \u00FCbertragen davon ganze Linux-basierte Systeme und Distributionen. Dies f\u00FChrte zum GNU/Linux-Namensstreit."@de , "O Kernel Linux (Linux kernel em ingl\u00EAs) \u00E9 um n\u00FAcleo monol\u00EDtico de c\u00F3digo aberto para sistemas operacionais tipo UNIX. Desenvolvidas para ambos os sistemas computacionais, seja computadores pessoais ou servidores, normalmente na forma de distribui\u00E7\u00F5es Linux, e embarcados em diversos dispositivos como roteadores, pontos de acesso sem fio, PABXs, receptores de televis\u00E3o, Smart TVs, DVRs, e dispositivos de armazenamento em rede. Os sistemas operacionais Android para Tablets, Smartphones, e Smartwatches utilizam servi\u00E7os providos pelo n\u00FAcleo Linux para implementar as suas funcionalidades.Enquanto a ado\u00E7\u00E3o em computadores de mesa seja considerada baixa, sistemas baseados em Linux dominam praticamente todos os outros segmentos da computa\u00E7\u00E3o: dos pequenos dispositivos m\u00F3veis aos robustos Mainframes.Segundo o ranking dos 500 supercomputadores mais poderosos do mundo, de novembro de 2017, todos da lista dos 500 executam Linux. O n\u00FAcleo (kernel) Linux foi concebido e criado em 1991 por Linus Torvalds para o seu computador pessoal, sem qualquer inten\u00E7\u00E3o multiplataforma, mas desde ent\u00E3o tem se expandido, suportando um grande n\u00FAmero de arquiteturas de computadores, muito al\u00E9m dos outros sistemas operacionais ou kernels. O Linux rapidamente atraiu desenvolvedores e usu\u00E1rios que os adotaram como n\u00FAcleo para outros projetos de software livre, nomeadamente o sistema operacional GNU. O n\u00FAcleo Linux recebeu contribui\u00E7\u00F5es de aproximadamente 15 600 programadores de mais de 1400 companhias, incluindo algumas das maiores vendedoras mundiais de software e hardware. Como um n\u00FAcleo n\u00E3o trabalha sozinho, o projeto \"GNU\" ajudou Linus Torvalds, criando assim o GNU/Linux. A interface de programa\u00E7\u00E3o de aplica\u00E7\u00F5es do n\u00FAcleo Linux (Linux kernel API, em ingl\u00EAs), na qual programas interagem com o kernel/n\u00FAcleo, \u00E9 projetada para ser extremamente est\u00E1vel, e jamais quebrar o espa\u00E7o de usu\u00E1rio (os programas, especialmente aqueles com interface gr\u00E1fica, podem ser igualmente dependentes a outras APIs). Como parte das funcionalidades do n\u00FAcleo, os controladores de dispositivos (drivers) gerem o hardware; especialmente criados para serem tamb\u00E9m muito est\u00E1veis. J\u00E1 a interface entre o n\u00FAcleo e os m\u00F3dulos carreg\u00E1veis, diferente de outros n\u00FAcleos e sistemas operacionais, no entanto, n\u00E3o requerem tal estabilidade por design/projeto. Desenvolvido por contribui\u00E7\u00F5es de todo o mundo, sob licen\u00E7a GNU General Public License vers\u00E3o 2 (GPLv2), e discuss\u00F5es di\u00E1rias sobre seu desenvolvimento na LKML (lista de discuss\u00E3o do kernel), o n\u00FAcleo Linux \u00E9 um proeminente exemplo de software livre e de c\u00F3digo aberto, com vers\u00F5es mantidas por mais de seis anos, e diversas imagens de firmware distribu\u00EDdas sob licen\u00E7as n\u00E3o livres at\u00E9 a vers\u00E3o 4.13. O Linux foi concebido pelo estudante do Departamento de Ci\u00EAncia da Computa\u00E7\u00E3o da Universidade de Helsinki na Finl\u00E2ndia, Linus Torvalds com ajuda de v\u00E1rios programadores volunt\u00E1rios por meio de um grupo de discuss\u00E3o da Usenet em 1991."@pt , "\u042F\u0434\u0440\u043E Linux (/\u02C8l\u026An\u028Aks/) \u2014 \u044F\u0434\u0440\u043E \u043E\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043E\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C\u044B, \u0441\u043E\u043E\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044E\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430\u043C POSIX, \u0441\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043B\u044F\u044E\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0443 \u043E\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043E\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C \u0441\u0435\u043C\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 Linux, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043A\u0436\u0435 \u0440\u044F\u0434\u0430 \u043E\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043E\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C \u0434\u043B\u044F \u043C\u043E\u0431\u0438\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432, \u0432 \u0442\u043E\u043C \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043B\u0435 Android, Tizen, KaiOS. \u0420\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043E\u0442\u043A\u0430 \u043A\u043E\u0434\u0430 \u044F\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u0431\u044B\u043B\u0430 \u043D\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0444\u0438\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u043C \u0441\u0442\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0442\u043E\u043C \u041B\u0438\u043D\u0443\u0441\u043E\u043C \u0422\u043E\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043B\u044C\u0434\u0441\u043E\u043C \u0432 1991 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0443, \u043D\u0430 \u0435\u0433\u043E \u0438\u043C\u044F \u0437\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0430 \u0442\u043E\u0440\u0433\u043E\u0432\u0430\u044F \u043C\u0430\u0440\u043A\u0430 \u00ABLinux\u00BB. \u041A\u043E\u0434 \u043D\u0430\u043F\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043D \u0432 \u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u043D\u043E\u043C \u043D\u0430 \u0421\u0438 \u0441 \u043D\u0435\u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u044B\u043C\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F\u043C\u0438 gcc \u0438 \u043D\u0430 \u0430\u0441\u0441\u0435\u043C\u0431\u043B\u0435\u0440\u0435 (\u0441 \u0438\u0441\u043F\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0437\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435\u043C AT&T-\u0441\u0438\u043D\u0442\u0430\u043A\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0430 GNU Assembler). \u0420\u0430\u0441\u043F\u0440\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043D\u044F\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u043A\u0430\u043A \u0441\u0432\u043E\u0431\u043E\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043C\u043C\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u043E\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u043D\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u043B\u043E\u0432\u0438\u044F\u0445 GNU General Public License, \u043A\u0440\u043E\u043C\u0435 \u043D\u0435\u0441\u0432\u043E\u0431\u043E\u0434\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u044D\u043B\u0435\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0442\u043E\u0432, \u043E\u0441\u043E\u0431\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043E\u0432, \u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u044B\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043F\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0437\u0443\u044E\u0442 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0448\u0438\u0432\u043A\u0438, \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043F\u0440\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043D\u044F\u0435\u043C\u044B\u0435 \u043F\u043E\u0434 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043B\u0438\u0447\u043D\u044B\u043C\u0438 \u043B\u0438\u0446\u0435\u043D\u0437\u0438\u044F\u043C\u0438. \u041E\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043E\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C\u044B \u043D\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0435 \u044F\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux \u044F\u0432\u043B\u044F\u044E\u0442\u0441\u044F \u043B\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u043D\u0430 \u0440\u044B\u043D\u043A\u0430\u0445 \u0441\u0443\u043F\u0435\u0440\u043A\u043E\u043C\u043F\u044C\u044E\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043E\u0432, \u043C\u0438\u043A\u0440\u043E\u043A\u043E\u043C\u043F\u044C\u044E\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043E\u0432, \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043E\u0432 \u0438 \u0441\u043C\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0444\u043E\u043D\u043E\u0432."@ru , "Linux \u00E9s el nucli del sistema operatiu GNU/Linux. Fou desenvolupat inicialment per Linus Torvalds, i distribu\u00EFt amb la llic\u00E8ncia GPL de GNU. Normalment, el nucli es distribueix amb el conjunt d'utilitats de GNU, entorns d'escriptori i altres aplicacions, formant un sistema operatiu complet."@ca . @prefix gold: . dbr:Linux_kernel gold:hypernym dbr:Computer . @prefix ns35: . dbr:Linux_kernel dbp:wordnet_type ns35:synset-software-noun-1 . @prefix prov: . dbr:Linux_kernel prov:wasDerivedFrom ; dbo:wikiPageLength "197546"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; dbo:releaseDate "1991-10-05"^^xsd:date ; dbo:author dbr:Linus_Torvalds ; dbo:developer dbr:Linus_Torvalds ; dbo:license dbr:GNU_General_Public_License ; dbo:programmingLanguage , , dbr:Assembly_language . @prefix wikipedia-en: . dbr:Linux_kernel foaf:isPrimaryTopicOf wikipedia-en:Linux_kernel .