"\u0644\u0628\u062A\u0648\u0646 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062C\u0644\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0629: lepton)\u200F \u0647\u0648 \u062C\u0633\u064A\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064A \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064A \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062F\u0629. \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u062A\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062A\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A \u064A\u062D\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064A\u0645\u064A\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062C\u0648\u062F \u0641\u064A \u0623\u063A\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u062A \u0648\u062A\u0631\u062A\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062E\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064A\u0645\u064A\u0627\u0626\u064A\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u062A\u0648\u062C\u062F \u0641\u0626\u062A\u064A\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064A\u062A\u064A\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062A\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062A: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062D\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 (\u0648\u062A\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u064A\u0636\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u0628\u062A\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062A \u0634\u0628\u064A\u0647-\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062A\u0631\u0648\u0646)\u060C \u0648\u0645\u062D\u0627\u064A\u062F\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0646\u064A\u062A\u0631\u064A\u0646\u0648). \u0648\u064A\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062A\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062D\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062A\u0646\u062F\u0645\u062C \u0645\u0639 \u062C\u0633\u064A\u0645\u0627\u062A \u0623\u062E\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u062A\u0643\u0648\u064A\u0646 \u062C\u0633\u064A\u0645\u0627\u062A \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062B\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u062A \u0648\u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0648\u0646\u064A\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063A\u0631\u064A\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0648\u0632\u064A\u062A\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064A\u0648\u0645\u060C \u0628\u064A\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064A\u062A\u0631\u064A\u0646\u0648 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0636\u0639\u064A\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062F\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0627\u062F\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u062F. \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0633\u062A \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u062A\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062A \u0648\u062A\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0643\u0647\u0627\u062A \u0648\u062A\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062B\u0644\u0627\u062B\u0629 \u0623\u062C\u064A\u0627\u0644. \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062C\u064A\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u062A\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062A\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u062A\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062A\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062A (e\u2212) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062A\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u064A\u062A\u0631\u064A\u0646\u0648 (\u03BDe); \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062C\u064A\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0627\u0646\u064A \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u062A\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0648\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u062A\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0648\u0648\u0646 (\u03BC\u2212) \u0648\u0645\u064A\u0648\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u064A\u062A\u0631\u064A\u0646\u0648 (\u03BD\u03BC); \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u064A\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0627\u0644\u062B \u0641\u064A\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u062A\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0627\u0648\u0648\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u062A\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u062A\u0627\u0648\u0648\u0646 (\u03C4\u2212) \u0648\u062A\u0627\u0648 \u0646\u064A\u062A\u0631\u064A\u0646\u0648 (\u03BD\u03C4). \u0643\u062A\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062A\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062A \u0647\u064A \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0643\u062A\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u062A\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062D\u0648\u0646\u0629. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062B\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u0647\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062A (\u0648\u062A\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0623\u062D\u064A\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u064A\u0648 \u0645\u064A\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u062A\u0644\u062A\u0647\u0627 \u062A\u0635\u0644 200 \u0643\u062A\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062A\u0631\u0648\u0646). \u0648\u064A\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0627\u0648\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062D\u064A\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u00AB\u062A\u0627\u0648 \u0645\u064A\u0632\u0648\u0646\u00BB \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062B\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062A\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u062D\u0648 300 \u0645\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u064A\u0646\u062A\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0627\u0648\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062A\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u062E\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u062A\u062D\u0644\u0644 \u062C\u0633\u064A\u0645: \u0648\u0647\u064A \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062A\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062D\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u062A\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062D\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u062A\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u062F\u0646\u0649\u060C \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062A\u0627\u0644\u064A \u062A\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062A\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062A \u0645\u0633\u062A\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064A \u0623\u063A\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u062A\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062D\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064A\u060C \u0641\u064A \u062D\u064A\u0646 \u064A\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062A\u0627\u062C \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0648\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062A\u0627\u0648\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0646\u062F \u0627\u0635\u0637\u062F\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0633\u064A\u0645\u0627\u062A \u0630\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064A\u0629 (\u0645\u062B\u0644 \u062A\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u062A\u0646\u062A\u062C \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u062F\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u062A\u064F\u062F\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u064A \u0645\u0639\u062C\u0644\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0633\u064A\u0645\u0627\u062A). \u0644\u062F\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u062A\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062A \u0639\u062F\u0629 \u062E\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u062C\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0645\u062B\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062D\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062A\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062A \u0641\u0647\u064A \u0644\u0627 \u062A\u062E\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u062A\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064A \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062A\u062E\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u062A\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0644\u0627\u062B \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062E\u0631\u0649: \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u063A\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064A\u0633\u064A\u0629 (\u0645\u0627\u0639\u062F\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064A\u062A\u0631\u064A\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062A \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u0647\u064A \u0645\u062D\u0627\u064A\u062F\u0629 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064A\u0627) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062C\u0627\u0630\u0628\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062A\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u064A\u0641. \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0643\u0647\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u062A\u0648\u0646 \u064A\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0633\u064A\u0645\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062F\u0629 \u062A\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0628 \u0648\u0647\u064A \u062A\u062E\u062A\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u062A\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0641\u064A \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064A\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062D\u062C\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062D\u0646\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0645\u0639\u064A\u0646\u0629 \u0642\u062F \u064A\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u064A\u0648\u062A\u0631\u064A\u0646\u0648 \u060C \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062D\u0627\u0644\u064A\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064A\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u063A\u064A\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0627\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062A \u062A\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0635\u062D\u064A\u062D\u0629 \u0623\u0645 \u0644\u0627. \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062A\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u062A\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062D\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064A\u0627 \u0641\u064A \u0645\u0646\u062A\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064A\u0642 \u0639\u062F\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u062D\u062A\u0649 \u0627\u0643\u062A\u0634\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0637\u0648\u0645\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1897. \u062B\u0645 \u0628\u062F\u0623\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062D\u0638\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u062A\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0627\u0644\u064A \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0648\u0648\u0646\u060C \u062B\u0645 \u0627\u0643\u062A\u0634\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u062F\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1936\u060C \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0635\u0646\u0641 \u062E\u0637\u0623 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u064A\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064A \u0630\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062A. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062F \u0627\u0644\u062A\u062F\u0642\u064A\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062A\u062F\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u064A\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0648\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064A \u062E\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0645\u062A\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0632\u0648\u0646\u060C \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062A\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0627\u062A \u0634\u0628\u064A\u0647\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062A\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0643\u062A\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631. \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064A\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0642\u062A\u0631\u0627\u062D \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u062A\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u062C\u0633\u064A\u0645\u0627\u062A \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1947. \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u064A\u062A\u0631\u064A\u0646\u0648 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062A\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u064A\u062A\u0631\u064A\u0646\u0648 \u0641\u0642\u062F \u0627\u0642\u062A\u0631\u062D\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0641\u063A\u0627\u0646\u063A \u0628\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064A \u0633\u0646\u0629 1930 \u0644\u0634\u0631\u062D \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u062E\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u062A\u062D\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064A\u062A\u0627\u060C \u062D\u064A\u062B \u062A\u0645\u062A \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062D\u0638\u062A\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u062A\u062C\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064A\u0648\u062A\u0631\u064A\u0646\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u0623\u062C\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0627\u0626\u064A\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u064A\u062F \u0643\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u064A\u062F\u0631\u064A\u0643 \u0631\u0627\u064A\u0646\u0633 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1956. \u0648\u0627\u0643\u062A\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0648\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u064A\u0648\u062A\u0631\u064A\u0646\u0648 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1962 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u064A\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u064A\u062F\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0631\u062A\u0632 \u0648\u062C\u0627\u0643 \u0634\u062A\u0627\u064A\u0646\u0628\u0631\u062C\u0631. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0627\u0648\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u062F \u0627\u0643\u062A\u0634\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u062A\u0646 \u0628\u064A\u0631\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062F\u0648\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u062E\u062A\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0648\u0631\u0646\u0633 \u0628\u064A\u0631\u0643\u0644\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064A \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064A\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1974 \u06481977. \u062A\u0639\u062A\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u062A\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062A \u062C\u0632\u0621\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064A\u0627 \u0641\u064A \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062C \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064A\u0627\u0631\u064A. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062A\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062A \u0647\u064A \u0625\u062D\u062F\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u062A \u0628\u062C\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062A\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062A \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064A\u0648\u062A\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062A. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0630\u0629 \u0641\u064A\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062A\u0648\u0644\u064A\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0648\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062A \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062A\u0627\u0648\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062A \u0628\u062F\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062A\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062A\u060C \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064A \u062C\u0633\u064A\u0645\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u062A\u0648\u0646-\u0648\u0646\u0642\u064A\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u062A\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062B\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0632\u064A\u062A\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064A\u0648\u0645. \u0623\u0648 \u064A\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062A\u0643\u0648\u064A\u0646 \u0630\u0631\u0627\u062A \u063A\u0631\u064A\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u064A\u0632\u0648\u0646 (\u0645\u0648\u062C\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062D\u0646\u0629) \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062A\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060C \u0645\u062B\u0644 .\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062E\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064A\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0637\u064A\u0641 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u062A\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0637\u064A\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064A\u062F\u0631\u0648\u062C\u064A\u0646 \u0648\u064A\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062A\u0637\u0628\u064A\u0642 \u00AB\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062F\u0644\u0629 \u0631\u064A\u062F\u0628\u0631\u062C\u00BB \u0644\u0644\u0637\u064A\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u064A\u0647."@ar . . . . . . . . . . . "En f\u00EDsica, un lept\u00F3n es una part\u00EDcula con esp\u00EDn 1/2 en el caso de los neutrinos y +/- 1/2 en los dem\u00E1s leptones (un fermi\u00F3n) que no experimenta interacci\u00F3n fuerte.\u200B Los leptones forman parte de una familia de part\u00EDculas elementales conocida como la familia de los fermiones, al igual que los quarks. Un lept\u00F3n es un fermi\u00F3n fundamental sin carga hadr\u00F3nica o de color. Existen seis leptones y sus correspondientes antipart\u00EDculas: el electr\u00F3n, el muon, el tau y tres neutrinos asociados a cada uno de ellos."@es . . "En f\u00EDsica de part\u00EDcules, un lept\u00F3 (del grec \u03BB\u03B5\u03C0\u03C4\u00F3, lept\u00F3, 'lleuger') \u00E9s qualsevol part\u00EDcula que no es veu afectada per la for\u00E7a nuclear forta, nom\u00E9s s\u00F3n sensibles als efectes de les forces nuclear feble, electromagn\u00E8tica i gravitat\u00F2ria. Pertanyen a la fam\u00EDlia dels fermions, una de les dues en qu\u00E8 es divideixen les part\u00EDcules elementals i tamb\u00E9 es caracteritzen per complir el principi d'exclusi\u00F3 de Pauli, propi de part\u00EDcules d'esp\u00EDn semienter. Els leptons comprenen els electrons, els muons i els tauons, tots amb c\u00E0rrega el\u00E8ctrica -1, aix\u00ED com els seus corresponents neutrins: el neutr\u00ED electr\u00F2nic, el neutr\u00ED mu\u00F2nic i el neutr\u00ED tau\u00F2nic, de c\u00E0rrega el\u00E8ctrica igual a zero. Comptant amb les seves antipart\u00EDcules, n'hi ha en total 12. Una caracter\u00EDstica de tota reacci\u00F3 \u00E9s la de la conservaci\u00F3 del nombre lept\u00F2nic."@ca . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "6"^^ . "Lepton"@in . . . . . . . . "L\u00E9pton"@pt . . "1"^^ . . . . . "Leptoi bat neutrinoen kasuan -1/2 espina eta beste leptoien kasuan +/- 1/2 espina duen partikula bat da. Leptoiek ez dute elkarreragin nuklear indartsua jasaten. Leptoiek eta quarkek fermioien oinarrizko partikulen familia osatzen dute. Leptoiek ez dute karga hadronikorik edo kolorezkorik. Sei leptoi existitzen dira, eta bakoitzak euren antipartikula du: elektroia, muoia, tau eta eurei lotutako hiru neutrino."@eu . . . . . . . . . . . "En f\u00EDsica de part\u00EDcules, un lept\u00F3 (del grec \u03BB\u03B5\u03C0\u03C4\u00F3, lept\u00F3, 'lleuger') \u00E9s qualsevol part\u00EDcula que no es veu afectada per la for\u00E7a nuclear forta, nom\u00E9s s\u00F3n sensibles als efectes de les forces nuclear feble, electromagn\u00E8tica i gravitat\u00F2ria. Pertanyen a la fam\u00EDlia dels fermions, una de les dues en qu\u00E8 es divideixen les part\u00EDcules elementals i tamb\u00E9 es caracteritzen per complir el principi d'exclusi\u00F3 de Pauli, propi de part\u00EDcules d'esp\u00EDn semienter. Una caracter\u00EDstica de tota reacci\u00F3 \u00E9s la de la conservaci\u00F3 del nombre lept\u00F2nic."@ca . . . . . . . . . . "Leptono estas subatoma partiklo kun pozitiva duonentjera (valoro +1/2) spino (fermiono), kiu ne havas iun internan strukturon kaj ne partoprenas en fortaj interagoj. La etimo de la vorto leptono estas de greka vorto \u03BB\u03B5\u03C0\u03C4\u03CC\u03C2, kiu signifas \"malpeza\". La terminon enkondukis en 1948 pro la fakto, ke \u0109iuj konataj tiatempe leptonoj havis ege malpli grandajn masojn ol kompundaj \"pezaj\" partikloj kiel barionoj. Nuntempe tiu \u0109i termino ne plu estas vera, \u0109ar ekzemple ta\u016Dono estas preska\u016D duoble pli peza ol tiaj barionoj kiel protono a\u016D ne\u016Dtrono. La familio de la leptonoj enhavas la elektronojn, la muonojn, la ta\u016Donojn, kaj iliajn respektivajn ne\u016Dtrinojn. La\u016D norma modelo estas tri generacioj de leptonoj: \n* Unua: elektrono, \n* Dua: muono, \n* Tria: ta\u016Dono, \u015Cargoj de \u0109iuj konataj leptonoj estas negativaj (elektrono, muono, ta\u016Dno), a\u016D ne\u016Dtraj (ne\u016Dtrinoj). \u015Cargoj de iliaj kontra\u016Dpartikloj estas, male, pozitivaj a\u016D ne\u016Dtraj."@eo . . . . "Em f\u00EDsica de part\u00EDculas, um l\u00E9pton (portugu\u00EAs brasileiro) ou lept\u00E3o (portugu\u00EAs europeu) \u00E9 uma part\u00EDcula elementar de spin semi-inteiro (spin 1/2) que n\u00E3o sofre intera\u00E7\u00F5es fortes. Existem duas classes principais de l\u00E9ptons: l\u00E9ptons carregados, tamb\u00E9m conhecidos como l\u00E9ptons do tipo el\u00E9tron, e l\u00E9ptons neutros (tamb\u00E9m conhecidos como neutrinos). L\u00E9ptons carregados podem combinar-se com outras part\u00EDculas para formar part\u00EDculas compostas como os \u00E1tomos, enquanto que os neutrinos interagem fracamente com outras part\u00EDculas. O l\u00E9pton mais conhecido \u00E9 o el\u00E9tron."@pt . . . . . . . "Lepton"@en . . "Leptony (z gr. \u03BB\u03B5\u03C0\u03C4\u03CC\u03C2 lept\u00F3s \u2013 lekki, drobny, cienki) \u2212 grupa 12 cz\u0105stek elementarnych (6 cz\u0105stek i 6 antycz\u0105stek), nale\u017C\u0105cych do grupy fermion\u00F3w fundamentalnych, razem z kwarkami. Do lepton\u00F3w zaliczaj\u0105 si\u0119: \n* elektron (e\u2212), mion (\u03BC\u2212), taon (\u03C4\u2212); \n* trzy neutrina odpowiadaj\u0105ce ka\u017Cdej z nich: neutrino elektronowe (\u03BDe), mionowe (\u03BD\u03BC) oraz taonowe (\u03BD\u03C4); \n* odpowiadaj\u0105ce im antycz\u0105stki: pozyton (antyelektron), antymion, antytaon i trzy antyneutrina. Jako ostatnie zosta\u0142o odkryte neutrino taonowe, w 2000 roku."@pl . "\u0644\u0628\u062A\u0648\u0646 (\u0641\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0627\u0621)"@ar . "\uACBD\uC785\uC790(\u8F15\u7C92\u5B50, lepton \uB819\uD1A4[*])\uB294 \uBB3C\uB9AC\uD559\uC5D0\uC11C \uC2A4\uD540\uC774 \u00BD\uC774\uACE0 (\uD398\uB974\uBBF8\uC628) \uAC15\uD55C \uD575\uB825\uC5D0 \uC601\uD5A5\uC744 \uBC1B\uC9C0 \uC54A\uB294 \uAE30\uBCF8 \uC785\uC790\uC774\uB2E4. \uC804\uC790, \uBBA4\uC628, \uD0C0\uC6B0\uC628\uACFC \uAC01\uAC01\uC5D0 \uD574\uB2F9\uD558\uB294 \uC911\uC131\uBBF8\uC790\uB85C, \uD604\uC7AC\uAE4C\uC9C0 \uCD1D 6\uC885\uC774 \uC54C\uB824\uC838 \uC788\uB2E4. \uAC15\uD558\uAC8C \uC0C1\uD638\uC791\uC6A9\uD558\uB294 \uAE30\uBCF8 \uD398\uB974\uBBF8\uC628\uC740 \uCFFC\uD06C\uB85C \uBD84\uB958\uB41C\uB2E4. \uACBD\uC785\uC790\uB294 \uAE30\uBCF8 \uC785\uC790\uC774\uC790, \uBB3C\uC9C8\uC758 \uAC00\uC7A5 \uAE30\uBCF8\uC801\uC778 \uAD6C\uC131\uC694\uC18C\uC774\uB2E4. \uACBD\uC785\uC790\uB294 \uBB3C\uC9C8\uC758 \uAE30\uC6D0\uC744 \uC124\uBA85\uD558\uB294 \uD45C\uC900 \uBAA8\uD615\uC5D0\uC11C \uC911\uC694\uD55C \uC704\uCE58\uB97C \uCC28\uC9C0\uD558\uACE0 \uC788\uB2E4. \uB300\uD45C\uC801\uC778 \uACBD\uC785\uC790\uB85C\uB294 \uC804\uC790\uB97C \uAF3D\uC744 \uC218 \uC788\uB2E4. \uC804\uC790\uB294 \uBB3C\uC9C8\uC758 \uD654\uD559\uC801 \uD2B9\uC131\uC5D0 \uC9C1\uC811\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uC5F0\uAD00\uB418\uC5B4 \uC788\uAE30\uC5D0 \uD654\uD559\uC774\uB77C\uB294 \uD559\uBB38 \uC804 \uBC94\uC704\uC5D0 \uAC78\uCCD0 \uC911\uC694\uD55C \uC704\uCE58\uB97C \uCC28\uC9C0\uD558\uACE0 \uC788\uB2E4. \uB819\uD1A4\uC740 \uC804\uD558\uB97C \uB760\uB294\uAC00 \uC544\uB2CC\uAC00\uC5D0 \uB530\uB77C \uB450 \uC885\uB958\uB85C \uBD84\uB958\uD560 \uC218 \uC788\uB2E4. \uCCAB\uC9F8\uB294 \uC804\uD558\uB97C \uB760\uB294 \uB819\uD1A4\uC774\uB2E4. \u2018\uC804\uC790 \uAC19\uC740 \uB819\uD1A4(electron-like lepton)\u2019\uC774\uB77C\uACE0\uB3C4 \uCE6D\uD55C\uB2E4. \uC804\uD558\uB97C \uB760\uB294 \uB819\uD1A4\uC740 \uB2E4\uB978 \uC785\uC790\uB4E4\uACFC \uACB0\uD569\uD558\uC5EC, \uC6D0\uC790\uB098 \uD3EC\uC9C0\uD2B8\uB85C\uB284(positronium)\uACFC \uAC19\uC740 \uD569\uC131\uB41C \uC785\uC790(composite particle)\uB97C \uAD6C\uC131\uD55C\uB2E4. \uB458\uC9F8\uB294 \uC911\uC131\uBBF8\uC790\uB2E4. \uC911\uC131\uBBF8\uC790\uB294 \uC804\uD558\uB97C \uB760\uB294 \uB819\uD1A4\uACFC \uB2EC\uB9AC \uC804\uD558\uB97C \uB760\uC9C0 \uC54A\uB294\uB2E4. \uC911\uC131\uBBF8\uC790(neutrino)\uB294 \uC804\uD558\uB97C \uB760\uB294 \uB819\uD1A4\uBCF4\uB2E4 \uC9C8\uB7C9\uC774 \uC791\uB2E4. \uB610\uD55C \uB2E4\uB978 \uC785\uC790\uB4E4\uACFC \uC0C1\uD638\uC791\uC6A9 \uB610\uD55C \uAC70\uC758 \uD558\uC9C0 \uC54A\uC544, \uC880\uCC98\uB7FC \uAD00\uCC30\uB418\uC9C0 \uC54A\uB294 \uC785\uC790\uC774\uB2E4. \uB819\uD1A4\uC740 \uB610\uD55C 3\uC138\uB300\uC5D0 \uAC78\uCCD0 \uC5EC\uC12F \uC885\uB958\uB85C \uB2EC\uB9AC \uBD84\uB958\uD560 \uC218 \uC788\uB2E4. 1\uC138\uB300\uB294 \uC804\uC790\uC640 \uC804\uC790 \uC911\uC131\uBBF8\uC790, 2\uC138\uB300\uB294 \uBBA4\uC628\uACFC \uBBA4\uC628 \uC911\uC131\uBBF8\uC790, 3\uC138\uB300\uB294 \uD0C0\uC6B0\uC628\uACFC \uD0C0\uC6B0 \uC911\uC131\uBBF8\uC790\uB85C \uAD6C\uC131\uB418\uC5B4 \uC788\uB2E4. 1\uC138\uB300\uC5D0\uC11C 3\uC138\uB300\uB85C \uAC08\uC218\uB85D \uAD6C\uC131\uD558\uB294 \uC785\uC790\uB4E4\uC758 \uC9C8\uB7C9\uC774 \uC99D\uAC00\uD558\uB294 \uACBD\uD5A5\uC744 \uBCF4\uC778\uB2E4. \uC804\uC790\uB294 \uC804\uD558\uB97C \uB760\uB294 \uC785\uC790 \uC911\uC5D0\uC11C \uAC00\uC7A5 \uAC00\uBCCD\uB2E4. \uB2E4\uC74C\uC73C\uB85C \uBB34\uAC70\uC6B4 \uBBA4\uC628\uC740 \uC785\uC790 \uBD95\uAD34 \uACFC\uC815\uC744 \uD1B5\uD574 \uAE08\uBC29 \uC804\uC790\uB85C \uBCC0\uD55C\uB2E4. \uAC00\uC7A5 \uBB34\uAC70\uC6B4 \uD0C0\uC6B0\uC628\uC740 18%\uC758 \uD655\uB960\uB85C \uC804\uC790\uC640 \uC911\uC131\uBBF8\uC790\uB85C \uBD95\uAD34\uD55C\uB2E4. \uB54C\uBB38\uC5D0, \uBBA4\uC628\uACFC \uD0C0\uC6B0\uC628\uC740 \uC6B0\uC8FC\uC120(cosmic ray)\uC774\uB098 \uC785\uC790 \uAC00\uC18D\uAE30\uB97C \uD1B5\uD574\uC11C\uB9CC \uBC1C\uACAC\uD560 \uC218 \uC788\uB294 \uBC18\uBA74, \uC804\uC790\uB294 \uC804\uC6B0\uC8FC\uC5D0\uC11C \uAC00\uC7A5 \uC27D\uAC8C \uBC1C\uACAC\uD560 \uC218 \uC788\uB2E4. \uB819\uD1A4\uC740 \uC804\uD558\uB7C9, \uC2A4\uD540, \uC9C8\uB7C9\uC640 \uAC19\uC740 \uB2E4\uC591\uD55C \uACE0\uC720 \uC131\uC9C8\uC744 \uAC00\uC9C0\uACE0 \uC788\uB2E4. \uB819\uD1A4\uC740 \uCFFC\uD06C\uC640\uB294 \uB2E4\uB974\uAC8C \uAC15\uD55C \uC0C1\uD638\uC791\uC6A9(\uB610\uB294 \uAC15\uB825)\uC5D0 \uC601\uD5A5\uC744 \uBC1B\uC9C0 \uC54A\uB294\uB2E4. \uADF8\uB7EC\uB098 \uB098\uBA38\uC9C0 \uC138\uAC00\uC9C0 \uC0C1\uD638\uC791\uC6A9(\uC911\uB825, \uC804\uC790\uAE30\uB825, \uC57D\uB825)\uC5D0\uB294 \uC601\uD5A5\uC744 \uBC1B\uB294\uB2E4. \uBAA8\uB4E0 \uB819\uD1A4\uB4E4\uC740 \uAC01\uC790\uC5D0\uAC8C \uB300\uCE6D\uB418\uB294 \uBC18\uC785\uC790\uC778 \uB4E4\uC744 \uAC00\uC9C0\uACE0 \uC788\uB2E4. \uD639\uC790\uB294 \uC804\uD558\uB97C \uB760\uB294 \uB819\uD1A4\uACFC \uC911\uC131\uBBF8\uC790 \uAC04\uC758 \uAD00\uACC4\uAC00 \uC785\uC790-\uBC18\uC785\uC790 \uAD00\uACC4\uB77C\uACE0 \uD558\uB098, \uADF8 \uC8FC\uC7A5\uC758 \uD0C0\uB2F9\uC131\uC774 \uBA85\uD655\uD788 \uBC1D\uD600\uC9C0\uC9C0 \uC54A\uC740 \uC0C1\uD0DC\uB2E4. 1\uC138\uB300\uC758 \uC804\uD558\uB97C \uB760\uB294 \uB819\uD1A4 \uC804\uC790\uB294 19\uC138\uAE30\uC758 \uC5EC\uB7EC \uACFC\uD559\uC790\uB4E4\uC5D0 \uC758\uD574 \uC774\uB860\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uC81C\uC548\uB418\uC5C8\uACE0, 1897\uB144\uC5D0 \uD1B0\uC2A8\uC774 \uBC1C\uACAC\uD588\uB2E4. \uBBA4\uC628\uC740 1936\uB144\uC5D0 \uC564\uB354\uC2A8\uC774 \uBC1C\uACAC\uD588\uC73C\uB098, \uBC1C\uACAC \uB2F9\uC2DC\uC5D0\uB294 \uBA54\uC874\uC73C\uB85C \uC798\uBABB \uBD84\uB958\uD588\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uADF8\uB7EC\uB098 \uC2E4\uD5D8\uC744 \uD1B5\uD574, \uC0C8\uB85C \uBC1C\uACAC\uD55C \uBBA4\uC628\uC774 \uBA54\uC874\uC758 \uC131\uC9C8\uC744 \uB760\uAE30\uBCF4\uB2E4\uB294 \uC804\uC790\uC5D0 \uAC00\uAE4C\uC6B4 \uC131\uC9C8\uC744 \uB764\uB2E4\uB294 \uC0AC\uC2E4\uC744 \uC54C\uC544\uB0C8\uB2E4. 1947\uB144\uC5D0\uC11C\uC57C \uC804\uC790\uC640 \uAC19\uC774 \uD589\uB3D9\uD558\uB294 \uC785\uC790\uB4E4\uC744 \u2018\uB819\uD1A4\u2019\uC774\uB77C \uC774\uB984 \uBD99\uC5EC\uC8FC\uBA70, \uBBA4\uC628\uC744 \uB819\uD1A4\uC5D0 \uD3EC\uD568\uC2DC\uCF30\uB2E4. \uC804\uC790 \uC911\uC131\uBBF8\uC790\uB294 1930\uB144 \uD30C\uC6B8\uB9AC\uAC00 \uC785\uC790\uC758 \uBCA0\uD0C0 \uBD95\uAD34 \uD604\uC0C1\uC744 \uC124\uBA85\uD558\uAE30 \uC704\uD574, \uC774\uB860\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uCC98\uC74C \uC81C\uC548\uD588\uB2E4. \uC804\uC790 \uC911\uC131\uBBF8\uC790\uB294 1956\uB144 \uACFC \uB77C\uC774\uB108\uC2A4\uAC00 \uD6D7\uB0A0 \u2018\uCE74\uC6D0-\uB77C\uC774\uB108\uC2A4 \uC911\uC131\uBBF8\uC790 \uC2E4\uD5D8\u2019\uB77C \uBA85\uBA85\uB41C \uC2E4\uD5D8\uC744 \uD1B5\uD558\uC5EC \uCC98\uC74C \uBC1C\uACAC\uD588\uB2E4. \uBBA4\uC628 \uC911\uC131\uBBF8\uC790\uB294 1962\uB144 \uB808\uB354\uBA3C, \uC288\uC6CC\uCE20, \uC2A4\uD0C0\uC778\uBC84\uAC70\uAC00 \uBC1C\uACAC\uD588\uB2E4. \uD0C0\uC6B0\uC628\uC740 1974\uB144\uACFC 1977\uB144 \uC0AC\uC774\uC5D0 \uC2A4\uD0E0\uD37C\uB4DC \uC120\uD615 \uAC00\uC18D\uAE30 \uC13C\uD130\uC640 \uC5D0\uC11C \uC5F0\uAD6C\uD55C \uB9C8\uD2F4 \uB8E8\uC774\uC2A4 \uD384\uACFC \uADF8\uC758 \uB3D9\uB8CC\uB4E4\uC774 \uBC1C\uACAC\uD588\uB2E4. \uD0C0\uC6B0 \uC911\uC131\uBBF8\uC790\uB294 2000\uB144 7\uC6D4 \uD398\uB974\uBBF8 \uAD6D\uB9BD \uAC00\uC18D\uAE30 \uC5F0\uAD6C\uC18C\uC758 DONUT Collaboration\uC774 \uBC1C\uACAC\uD588\uB2E4\uACE0 \uBC1C\uD45C\uD588\uB2E4. \uB819\uD1A4\uC740 \uBB3C\uC9C8\uC758 \uAE30\uC6D0\uC744 \uC124\uBA85\uD558\uB294 \uD45C\uC900 \uBAA8\uD615\uC5D0\uC11C \uC911\uC694\uD55C \uC704\uCE58\uB97C \uCC28\uC9C0\uD558\uACE0 \uC788\uB2E4. \uADF8\uB9AC\uACE0 \uC804\uC790\uB294 \uC591\uC131\uC790, \uC911\uC131\uC790\uC640 \uD568\uAED8 \uC6D0\uC790\uB97C \uAD6C\uC131\uD55C\uB2E4."@ko . . . "\u2212"@en . . . . . "Leptonen sind eine Klasse von Elementarteilchen, die zusammen mit den Quarks und den Eichbosonen die fundamentalen Bausteine der Materie bilden. F\u00FCr die Anzahl der Leptonen gilt im Standardmodell der Elementarteilchen ein Erhaltungssatz (siehe Leptonenzahl). Insgesamt gibt es sechs Leptonenarten, die aufgrund ihrer physikalischen Eigenschaften in drei sogenannte Generationen aufgeteilt werden. In der folgenden Tabelle sind die Eigenschaften der Leptonen zusammengefasst."@de . . "Lepton"@sv . . . . . . . "1113983127"^^ . . . . . . . "Leptono estas subatoma partiklo kun pozitiva duonentjera (valoro +1/2) spino (fermiono), kiu ne havas iun internan strukturon kaj ne partoprenas en fortaj interagoj. La etimo de la vorto leptono estas de greka vorto \u03BB\u03B5\u03C0\u03C4\u03CC\u03C2, kiu signifas \"malpeza\". La terminon enkondukis en 1948 pro la fakto, ke \u0109iuj konataj tiatempe leptonoj havis ege malpli grandajn masojn ol kompundaj \"pezaj\" partikloj kiel barionoj. Nuntempe tiu \u0109i termino ne plu estas vera, \u0109ar ekzemple ta\u016Dono estas preska\u016D duoble pli peza ol tiaj barionoj kiel protono a\u016D ne\u016Dtrono. \n* Unua: elektrono, \n* Dua: muono, \n* Tria: ta\u016Dono,"@eo . "+1 e, 0 e, \u22121 e"@en . . . . . . . . "\u041B\u0435\u043F\u0442\u043E\u0301\u043D\u044B (\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0447. \u03BB\u03B5\u03C0\u03C4\u03CC\u03C2 \u2014 \u043B\u0451\u0433\u043A\u0438\u0439) \u2014 \u0444\u0443\u043D\u0434\u0430\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0446\u044B \u0441 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0443\u0446\u0435\u043B\u044B\u043C \u0441\u043F\u0438\u043D\u043E\u043C, \u043D\u0435 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044E\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0441\u0438\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u043C \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043C\u043E\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0438. \u041D\u0430\u0440\u044F\u0434\u0443 \u0441 \u043A\u0432\u0430\u0440\u043A\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u0438 \u043A\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0431\u0440\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0447\u043D\u044B\u043C\u0438 \u0431\u043E\u0437\u043E\u043D\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u043B\u0435\u043F\u0442\u043E\u043D\u044B \u0441\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043B\u044F\u044E\u0442 \u043D\u0435\u043E\u0442\u044A\u0435\u043C\u043B\u0435\u043C\u0443\u044E \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0421\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u043C\u043E\u0434\u0435\u043B\u0438."@ru . . . "Leptonen sind eine Klasse von Elementarteilchen, die zusammen mit den Quarks und den Eichbosonen die fundamentalen Bausteine der Materie bilden. F\u00FCr die Anzahl der Leptonen gilt im Standardmodell der Elementarteilchen ein Erhaltungssatz (siehe Leptonenzahl). Die Bezeichnung wurde nach dem griechischen \u03BB\u03B5\u03C0\u03C4\u03CC\u03C2 lept\u00F3s \u201Ad\u00FCnn\u2018, \u201Aklein\u2018, \u201Afein\u2018 gebildet.Sie ist in Abgrenzung zu zwei anderen Teilchenklassen gew\u00E4hlt, den Mesonen (\u201Emittelgewichtig\u201C) und den Baryonen (\u201Eschwergewichtig\u201C). Mesonen und Baryonen z\u00E4hlen zu den Hadronen. Wie sich herausstellte, sind diese Hadronen aus je zwei Quarks (Mesonen) bzw. je drei Quarks (Baryonen) zusammengesetzt, also nicht elementar. Unter den Leptonen gibt es auch Teilchen, die keineswegs \u201Eleicht\u201C sind. So ist beispielsweise das \u03C4-Lepton (oder Tauon) etwa doppelt so schwer wie ein Proton. Zum Zeitpunkt der Namensgebung war das Tauon allerdings noch unbekannt. Insgesamt gibt es sechs Leptonenarten, die aufgrund ihrer physikalischen Eigenschaften in drei sogenannte Generationen aufgeteilt werden. In der folgenden Tabelle sind die Eigenschaften der Leptonen zusammengefasst. Leptonen unterliegen der schwachen Wechselwirkung, der Gravitation, und falls sie elektrische Ladung tragen, auch der elektromagnetischen Wechselwirkung. Alle Leptonen sind Fermionen und besitzen einen Spin \u00BD. Elektron, Myon und Tauon tragen eine negative Elementarladung. Die Neutrinos sind nicht geladen, unterscheiden sich aber durch ihren Flavour . Zu jedem Lepton existiert ein Antiteilchen. Auch die Anti-Neutrinos haben keine elektrische Ladung. Die elektrische Ladung der Antiteilchen von Elektron, Myon und Tauon ist eine positive Elementarladung. Falls die Flavour-Eigenzust\u00E4nde nicht den Massen-Eigenzust\u00E4nden der Neutrinos entsprechen, ist der Flavour keine Erhaltungsgr\u00F6\u00DFe mehr. F\u00FCr ein Neutrino, das im Eigenzustand erzeugt wurde, gibt es nach einer gewissen Zeit eine Wahrscheinlichkeit, auch im Zustand oder nachgewiesen zu werden (Neutrinooszillationen). Dieses Modell kann das Defizit des auf der Erde gemessenen Flusses der Sonnen-Neutrinos erkl\u00E4ren (Solares Neutrinodefizit). Diesen Ergebnissen zufolge m\u00FCssen Neutrinos eine Masse gr\u00F6\u00DFer als Null haben; um deren Nachweis bem\u00FChen sich Experimente wie beispielsweise KATRIN."@de . "\u041B\u0435\u043F\u0442\u043E\u0301\u043D (\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0446. \u03BB\u03B5\u03C0\u03C4\u03CC\u03C2 \u2014 \u043B\u0435\u0433\u043A\u0438\u0439) \u2014 \u0435\u043B\u0435\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043D\u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043D\u043A\u0430, \u0444\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0456\u043E\u043D, \u0449\u043E \u043D\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0432 \u0441\u0438\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0456\u0439 \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0454\u043C\u043E\u0434\u0456\u0457. \u041D\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430 \u00AB\u043B\u0435\u043F\u0442\u043E\u043D\u00BB \u0431\u0443\u043B\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043F\u0440\u043E\u043F\u043E\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0430 \u0443 1948 \u0440\u043E\u0446\u0456 \u0456 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043E\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0430\u043B\u0430 \u0442\u043E\u0439 \u0444\u0430\u043A\u0442, \u0449\u043E \u0432\u0441\u0456 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043E\u043C\u0456 \u043D\u0430 \u0442\u043E\u0439 \u0447\u0430\u0441 \u043B\u0435\u043F\u0442\u043E\u043D\u0438 \u0431\u0443\u043B\u0438 \u0437\u043D\u0430\u0447\u043D\u043E \u043B\u0435\u0433\u0448\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043A\u0456 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043D\u043A\u0438, \u0449\u043E \u0432\u0445\u043E\u0434\u044F\u0442\u044C \u0443 \u043A\u043B\u0430\u0441 \u0431\u0430\u0440\u0456\u043E\u043D\u0456\u0432 (\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0446. \u03B2\u03B1\u03C1\u03CD\u03C2 \u2014 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043A\u0438\u0439). \u0417\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0437 \u0435\u0442\u0438\u043C\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0456\u044F \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0456\u043D\u0443 \u0432\u0436\u0435 \u043D\u0435 \u0446\u0456\u043B\u043A\u043E\u043C \u0443\u0437\u0433\u043E\u0434\u0436\u0443\u0454\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0437 \u0434\u0456\u0439\u0441\u043D\u0438\u043C \u043F\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0436\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F\u043C \u0441\u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432, \u043E\u0441\u043A\u0456\u043B\u044C\u043A\u0438 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043A\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0439 \u0432 1977 \u0442\u0430\u0443-\u043B\u0435\u043F\u0442\u043E\u043D \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0431\u043B\u0438\u0437\u043D\u043E \u0443\u0434\u0432\u0456\u0447\u0456 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u0447\u0438\u0439 \u0437\u0430 \u043D\u0430\u0439\u043B\u0435\u0433\u0448\u0456 \u0431\u0430\u0440\u0456\u043E\u043D\u0438 (\u043F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u043E\u043D \u0456 \u043D\u0435\u0439\u0442\u0440\u043E\u043D). \u0406\u0441\u043D\u0443\u0454 \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u043F\u043E\u043A\u043E\u043B\u0456\u043D\u043D\u044F \u043B\u0435\u043F\u0442\u043E\u043D\u0456\u0432: \n* \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435 \u043F\u043E\u043A\u043E\u043B\u0456\u043D\u043D\u044F: \u0435\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0440\u043E\u043D, \u0435\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0440\u043E\u043D\u043D\u0435 \u043D\u0435\u0439\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043D\u043E \n* \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0435 \u043F\u043E\u043A\u043E\u043B\u0456\u043D\u043D\u044F: \u043C\u044E\u043E\u043D, \u043C\u044E\u043E\u043D\u043D\u0435 \u043D\u0435\u0439\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043D\u043E \n* \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0454 \u043F\u043E\u043A\u043E\u043B\u0456\u043D\u043D\u044F: \u0442\u0430\u0443-\u043B\u0435\u043F\u0442\u043E\u043D, \u0442\u0430\u0443-\u043D\u0435\u0439\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043D\u043E (\u043F\u043B\u044E\u0441 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043F\u043E\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043D\u0456 \u0430\u043D\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043D\u043A\u0438) \u0421\u043F\u0456\u0432\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0448\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u043C\u0456\u0436 \u043C\u0430\u0441\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0440\u044F\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u043B\u0435\u043F\u0442\u043E\u043D\u0456\u0432 \u043E\u043F\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0454\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0443\u043B\u043E\u044E \u041A\u043E\u0439\u0434\u0435. \u041A\u0456\u043B\u044C\u043A\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044C \u043C\u043E\u0436\u043B\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u043F\u043E\u043A\u043E\u043B\u0456\u043D\u044C \u00AB\u043A\u043B\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u043B\u0435\u043F\u0442\u043E\u043D\u0456\u0432\u00BB \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u043E\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0430 \u0437 \u0435\u043A\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0456\u0432 \u0437 \u0432\u0438\u043C\u0456\u0440\u044E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F Z0-\u0431\u043E\u0437\u043E\u043D\u0430 \u2014 \u0432\u043E\u043D\u0430 \u0434\u043E\u0440\u0456\u0432\u043D\u044E\u0454 \u0442\u0440\u044C\u043E\u043C. \u0429\u0438\u0440\u043E \u043A\u0430\u0436\u0443\u0447\u0438, \u0446\u0435 \u043D\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u043A\u043B\u044E\u0447\u0430\u0454 \u043C\u043E\u0436\u043B\u0438\u0432\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0456\u0441\u043D\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F \u00AB\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0438\u0445 (\u0442\u0430\u043A\u0438\u0445, \u0449\u043E \u043D\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0443\u0442\u044C \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0443 \u0441\u043B\u0430\u0431\u043A\u0456\u0439 \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0454\u043C\u043E\u0434\u0456\u0457) \u0430\u0431\u043E \u0434\u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043A\u0438\u0445 (\u043C\u0430\u0441\u043E\u044E \u043F\u043E\u043D\u0430\u0434 \u043A\u0456\u043B\u044C\u043A\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u044F\u0442\u043A\u0456\u0432 \u0413\u0435\u0412, \u0432\u0441\u0443\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0447 \u043D\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0456) \u043F\u043E\u043A\u043E\u043B\u0456\u043D\u044C\u00BB \u043B\u0435\u043F\u0442\u043E\u043D\u0456\u0432. \u041B\u0435\u043F\u0442\u043E\u043D\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043E\u043C \u0456\u0437 \u043A\u0432\u0430\u0440\u043A\u0430\u043C\u0438 (\u044F\u043A\u0456 \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0443\u0442\u044C \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0443 \u0432\u0441\u0456\u0445 \u0447\u043E\u0442\u0438\u0440\u044C\u043E\u0445 \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0454\u043C\u043E\u0434\u0456\u044F\u0445, \u0432\u043A\u043B\u044E\u0447\u0430\u044E\u0447\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0443) \u0441\u043A\u043B\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044E\u0442\u044C \u043A\u043B\u0430\u0441 \u0444\u0443\u043D\u0434\u0430\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0444\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0456\u043E\u043D\u0456\u0432 \u2014 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043D\u043E\u043A, \u0437 \u044F\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043A\u043B\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0440\u0435\u0447\u043E\u0432\u0438\u043D\u0430."@uk . "No"@en . . . . . . . . . . . "Lepton"@en . . . . "\u03A4\u03B1 \u03BB\u03B5\u03C0\u03C4\u03CC\u03BD\u03B9\u03B1 \u03B5\u03AF\u03BD\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B8\u03B5\u03BC\u03B5\u03BB\u03B9\u03CE\u03B4\u03B7 (\u03BC\u03B7 \u03C3\u03CD\u03BD\u03B8\u03B5\u03C4\u03B1) \u03C3\u03C9\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03AF\u03B4\u03B9\u03B1 \u03B7\u03BC\u03B9\u03B1\u03BA\u03AD\u03C1\u03B1\u03B9\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C3\u03C0\u03B9\u03BD (\u03B1\u03C5\u03C4\u03BF\u03C3\u03C4\u03C1\u03BF\u03C6\u03BF\u03C1\u03BC\u03AE 1\u20442), \u03C4\u03B1 \u03BF\u03C0\u03BF\u03AF\u03B1 \u03B4\u03B5\u03BD \u03BC\u03B5\u03C4\u03AD\u03C7\u03BF\u03C5\u03BD \u03C3\u03B5 \u03B9\u03C3\u03C7\u03C5\u03C1\u03AD\u03C2 \u03B1\u03BB\u03BB\u03B7\u03BB\u03B5\u03C0\u03B9\u03B4\u03C1\u03AC\u03C3\u03B5\u03B9\u03C2. \u03A5\u03C0\u03AC\u03C1\u03C7\u03BF\u03C5\u03BD \u03B4\u03C5\u03BF \u03BA\u03CD\u03C1\u03B9\u03B5\u03C2 \u03BA\u03B1\u03C4\u03B7\u03B3\u03BF\u03C1\u03AF\u03B5\u03C2 \u03BB\u03B5\u03C0\u03C4\u03BF\u03BD\u03AF\u03C9\u03BD: \u03C4\u03B1 \u03C6\u03BF\u03C1\u03C4\u03B9\u03C3\u03BC\u03AD\u03BD\u03B1 (\u03B7\u03BB\u03B5\u03BA\u03C4\u03C1\u03BF\u03BD\u03B9\u03CC\u03BC\u03BF\u03C1\u03C6\u03B1 \u03BB\u03B5\u03C0\u03C4\u03CC\u03BD\u03B9\u03B1), \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C4\u03B1 \u03BF\u03C5\u03B4\u03AD\u03C4\u03B5\u03C1\u03B1 \u03BB\u03B5\u03C0\u03C4\u03CC\u03BD\u03B9\u03B1 \u03C0\u03B9\u03BF \u03B3\u03BD\u03C9\u03C3\u03C4\u03AC \u03C9\u03C2 \u03BD\u03B5\u03C4\u03C1\u03AF\u03BD\u03BF. \u03A3\u03B5 \u03BA\u03AC\u03B8\u03B5 \u03BB\u03B5\u03C0\u03C4\u03CC\u03BD\u03B9\u03BF \u03CD\u03BB\u03B7\u03C2 \u03B1\u03BD\u03C4\u03B9\u03C3\u03C4\u03BF\u03B9\u03C7\u03B5\u03AF \u03AD\u03BD\u03B1 \u03BB\u03B5\u03C0\u03C4\u03CC\u03BD\u03B9\u03BF \u03B1\u03BD\u03C4\u03B9\u03CD\u03BB\u03B7\u03C2. \u0388\u03BD\u03B1 \u03B2\u03B1\u03C3\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC \u03C3\u03C9\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03B9\u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03BA\u03CC \u03C4\u03B1\u03BE\u03B9\u03BD\u03BF\u03BC\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC \u03BA\u03C1\u03B9\u03C4\u03AE\u03C1\u03B9\u03BF, \u03B1\u03C0\u03BF\u03C4\u03B5\u03BB\u03B5\u03AF \u03B7 \u03C3\u03C5\u03BC\u03BC\u03B5\u03C4\u03BF\u03C7\u03AE \u03AE \u03BC\u03B7 \u03C3\u03C4\u03B1 \u03B4\u03B9\u03AC\u03C6\u03BF\u03C1\u03B1 \u03B5\u03AF\u03B4\u03B7 \u03B1\u03BB\u03BB\u03B7\u03BB\u03B5\u03C0\u03B9\u03B4\u03C1\u03AC\u03C3\u03B5\u03C9\u03BD. \u0388\u03C4\u03C3\u03B9, \u03C4\u03B1 \u03B4\u03B9\u03AC\u03C6\u03BF\u03C1\u03B1 \u03C3\u03C9\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03AF\u03B4\u03B9\u03B1 \u03C7\u03C9\u03C1\u03AF\u03B6\u03BF\u03BD\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C3\u03C4\u03B1 \u03B1\u03B4\u03C1\u03CC\u03BD\u03B9\u03B1 \u03C4\u03B1 \u03BF\u03C0\u03BF\u03AF\u03B1 \u03BC\u03B5\u03C4\u03AD\u03C7\u03BF\u03C5\u03BD \u03C3\u03B5 \u03B9\u03C3\u03C7\u03C5\u03C1\u03AD\u03C2 \u03B1\u03BB\u03BB\u03B7\u03BB\u03B5\u03C0\u03B9\u03B4\u03C1\u03AC\u03C3\u03B5\u03B9\u03C2 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C3\u03C4\u03B1 , \u03C4\u03B1 \u03BF\u03C0\u03BF\u03AF\u03B1 \u03B4\u03B5\u03BD \u03BC\u03B5\u03C4\u03AD\u03C7\u03BF\u03C5\u03BD \u03C3\u03B5 \u03B9\u03C3\u03C7\u03C5\u03C1\u03AD\u03C2 \u03B1\u03BB\u03BB\u03B7\u03BB\u03B5\u03C0\u03B9\u03B4\u03C1\u03AC\u03C3\u03B5\u03B9\u03C2."@el . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u039B\u03B5\u03C0\u03C4\u03CC\u03BD\u03B9\u03BF"@el . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u03A4\u03B1 \u03BB\u03B5\u03C0\u03C4\u03CC\u03BD\u03B9\u03B1 \u03B5\u03AF\u03BD\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B8\u03B5\u03BC\u03B5\u03BB\u03B9\u03CE\u03B4\u03B7 (\u03BC\u03B7 \u03C3\u03CD\u03BD\u03B8\u03B5\u03C4\u03B1) \u03C3\u03C9\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03AF\u03B4\u03B9\u03B1 \u03B7\u03BC\u03B9\u03B1\u03BA\u03AD\u03C1\u03B1\u03B9\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C3\u03C0\u03B9\u03BD (\u03B1\u03C5\u03C4\u03BF\u03C3\u03C4\u03C1\u03BF\u03C6\u03BF\u03C1\u03BC\u03AE 1\u20442), \u03C4\u03B1 \u03BF\u03C0\u03BF\u03AF\u03B1 \u03B4\u03B5\u03BD \u03BC\u03B5\u03C4\u03AD\u03C7\u03BF\u03C5\u03BD \u03C3\u03B5 \u03B9\u03C3\u03C7\u03C5\u03C1\u03AD\u03C2 \u03B1\u03BB\u03BB\u03B7\u03BB\u03B5\u03C0\u03B9\u03B4\u03C1\u03AC\u03C3\u03B5\u03B9\u03C2. \u03A5\u03C0\u03AC\u03C1\u03C7\u03BF\u03C5\u03BD \u03B4\u03C5\u03BF \u03BA\u03CD\u03C1\u03B9\u03B5\u03C2 \u03BA\u03B1\u03C4\u03B7\u03B3\u03BF\u03C1\u03AF\u03B5\u03C2 \u03BB\u03B5\u03C0\u03C4\u03BF\u03BD\u03AF\u03C9\u03BD: \u03C4\u03B1 \u03C6\u03BF\u03C1\u03C4\u03B9\u03C3\u03BC\u03AD\u03BD\u03B1 (\u03B7\u03BB\u03B5\u03BA\u03C4\u03C1\u03BF\u03BD\u03B9\u03CC\u03BC\u03BF\u03C1\u03C6\u03B1 \u03BB\u03B5\u03C0\u03C4\u03CC\u03BD\u03B9\u03B1), \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C4\u03B1 \u03BF\u03C5\u03B4\u03AD\u03C4\u03B5\u03C1\u03B1 \u03BB\u03B5\u03C0\u03C4\u03CC\u03BD\u03B9\u03B1 \u03C0\u03B9\u03BF \u03B3\u03BD\u03C9\u03C3\u03C4\u03AC \u03C9\u03C2 \u03BD\u03B5\u03C4\u03C1\u03AF\u03BD\u03BF. \u03A3\u03B5 \u03BA\u03AC\u03B8\u03B5 \u03BB\u03B5\u03C0\u03C4\u03CC\u03BD\u03B9\u03BF \u03CD\u03BB\u03B7\u03C2 \u03B1\u03BD\u03C4\u03B9\u03C3\u03C4\u03BF\u03B9\u03C7\u03B5\u03AF \u03AD\u03BD\u03B1 \u03BB\u03B5\u03C0\u03C4\u03CC\u03BD\u03B9\u03BF \u03B1\u03BD\u03C4\u03B9\u03CD\u03BB\u03B7\u03C2. \u0388\u03BD\u03B1 \u03B2\u03B1\u03C3\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC \u03C3\u03C9\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03B9\u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03BA\u03CC \u03C4\u03B1\u03BE\u03B9\u03BD\u03BF\u03BC\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC \u03BA\u03C1\u03B9\u03C4\u03AE\u03C1\u03B9\u03BF, \u03B1\u03C0\u03BF\u03C4\u03B5\u03BB\u03B5\u03AF \u03B7 \u03C3\u03C5\u03BC\u03BC\u03B5\u03C4\u03BF\u03C7\u03AE \u03AE \u03BC\u03B7 \u03C3\u03C4\u03B1 \u03B4\u03B9\u03AC\u03C6\u03BF\u03C1\u03B1 \u03B5\u03AF\u03B4\u03B7 \u03B1\u03BB\u03BB\u03B7\u03BB\u03B5\u03C0\u03B9\u03B4\u03C1\u03AC\u03C3\u03B5\u03C9\u03BD. \u0388\u03C4\u03C3\u03B9, \u03C4\u03B1 \u03B4\u03B9\u03AC\u03C6\u03BF\u03C1\u03B1 \u03C3\u03C9\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03AF\u03B4\u03B9\u03B1 \u03C7\u03C9\u03C1\u03AF\u03B6\u03BF\u03BD\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C3\u03C4\u03B1 \u03B1\u03B4\u03C1\u03CC\u03BD\u03B9\u03B1 \u03C4\u03B1 \u03BF\u03C0\u03BF\u03AF\u03B1 \u03BC\u03B5\u03C4\u03AD\u03C7\u03BF\u03C5\u03BD \u03C3\u03B5 \u03B9\u03C3\u03C7\u03C5\u03C1\u03AD\u03C2 \u03B1\u03BB\u03BB\u03B7\u03BB\u03B5\u03C0\u03B9\u03B4\u03C1\u03AC\u03C3\u03B5\u03B9\u03C2 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C3\u03C4\u03B1 , \u03C4\u03B1 \u03BF\u03C0\u03BF\u03AF\u03B1 \u03B4\u03B5\u03BD \u03BC\u03B5\u03C4\u03AD\u03C7\u03BF\u03C5\u03BD \u03C3\u03B5 \u03B9\u03C3\u03C7\u03C5\u03C1\u03AD\u03C2 \u03B1\u03BB\u03BB\u03B7\u03BB\u03B5\u03C0\u03B9\u03B4\u03C1\u03AC\u03C3\u03B5\u03B9\u03C2."@el . . "Leptoner \u00E4r elementarpartiklar enligt kvantfysiken. Leptonerna \u00E4r den ena huvudgruppen av fermioniska elementarpartiklar. Den andra gruppen \u00E4r kvarkarna.Av leptoner finns det sex stycken aromer, vilka liksom kvarkarna delas in i tre familjer. Varje familj best\u00E5r av en partikel och tillh\u00F6rande neutrino. familj 1: elektron, elektronneutrinofamilj 2: myon, myonneutrinofamilj 3: tau-lepton, tauneutrino Neutrinerna har ingen laddning medan de \u00F6vriga leptonerna har laddningen -e (elementarladdningen)."@sv . . . "Een lepton (afgeleid van \u03BB\u03B5\u03C0\u03C4\u03CC\u03C2, Grieks voor 'klein' of 'fijn') is een van de drie typen subatomaire deeltjes uit het standaardmodel van de deeltjesfysica. Zowel quarks als leptonen zijn fermionen. Een hadron bestaat uit quarks, een lepton niet. Volgens de huidige kennis kan een lepton niet worden gesplitst en is het daarom een elementair deeltje. Het woord 'lepton' werd voor het eerst gebruikt door de Belgische natuurkundige L\u00E9on Rosenfeld in zijn boek Nuclear Forces (1948)."@nl . "In particle physics, a lepton is an elementary particle of half-integer spin (spin 1\u20442) that does not undergo strong interactions. Two main classes of leptons exist: charged leptons (also known as the electron-like leptons or muons), and neutral leptons (better known as neutrinos). Charged leptons can combine with other particles to form various composite particles such as atoms and positronium, while neutrinos rarely interact with anything, and are consequently rarely observed. The best known of all leptons is the electron. There are six types of leptons, known as flavours, grouped in three generations. The first-generation leptons, also called electronic leptons, comprise the electron (e\u2212) and the electron neutrino (\u03BDe); the second are the muonic leptons, comprising the muon (\u03BC\u2212) and the muon neutrino (\u03BD\u03BC); and the third are the tauonic leptons, comprising the tau (\u03C4\u2212) and the tau neutrino (\u03BD\u03C4). Electrons have the least mass of all the charged leptons. The heavier muons and taus will rapidly change into electrons and neutrinos through a process of particle decay: the transformation from a higher mass state to a lower mass state. Thus electrons are stable and the most common charged lepton in the universe, whereas muons and taus can only be produced in high energy collisions (such as those involving cosmic rays and those carried out in particle accelerators). Leptons have various intrinsic properties, including electric charge, spin, and mass. Unlike quarks, however, leptons are not subject to the strong interaction, but they are subject to the other three fundamental interactions: gravitation, the weak interaction, and to electromagnetism, of which the latter is proportional to charge, and is thus zero for the electrically neutral neutrinos. For every lepton flavor, there is a corresponding type of antiparticle, known as an antilepton, that differs from the lepton only in that some of its properties have equal magnitude but opposite sign. According to certain theories, neutrinos may be their own antiparticle. It is not currently known whether this is the case. The first charged lepton, the electron, was theorized in the mid-19th century by several scientists and was discovered in 1897 by J. J. Thomson. The next lepton to be observed was the muon, discovered by Carl D. Anderson in 1936, which was classified as a meson at the time. After investigation, it was realized that the muon did not have the expected properties of a meson, but rather behaved like an electron, only with higher mass. It took until 1947 for the concept of \"leptons\" as a family of particles to be proposed. The first neutrino, the electron neutrino, was proposed by Wolfgang Pauli in 1930 to explain certain characteristics of beta decay. It was first observed in the Cowan\u2013Reines neutrino experiment conducted by Clyde Cowan and Frederick Reines in 1956. The muon neutrino was discovered in 1962 by Leon M. Lederman, Melvin Schwartz, and Jack Steinberger, and the tau discovered between 1974 and 1977 by Martin Lewis Perl and his colleagues from the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The tau neutrino remained elusive until July 2000, when the DONUT collaboration from Fermilab announced its discovery. Leptons are an important part of the Standard Model. Electrons are one of the components of atoms, alongside protons and neutrons. Exotic atoms with muons and taus instead of electrons can also be synthesized, as well as lepton\u2013antilepton particles such as positronium."@en . "42528"^^ . . . . . . . "\u0644\u0628\u062A\u0648\u0646 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062C\u0644\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0629: lepton)\u200F \u0647\u0648 \u062C\u0633\u064A\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064A \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064A \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062F\u0629. \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u062A\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062A\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A \u064A\u062D\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064A\u0645\u064A\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062C\u0648\u062F \u0641\u064A \u0623\u063A\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u062A \u0648\u062A\u0631\u062A\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062E\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064A\u0645\u064A\u0627\u0626\u064A\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u062A\u0648\u062C\u062F \u0641\u0626\u062A\u064A\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064A\u062A\u064A\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062A\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062A: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062D\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 (\u0648\u062A\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u064A\u0636\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u0628\u062A\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062A \u0634\u0628\u064A\u0647-\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062A\u0631\u0648\u0646)\u060C \u0648\u0645\u062D\u0627\u064A\u062F\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0646\u064A\u062A\u0631\u064A\u0646\u0648). \u0648\u064A\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062A\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062D\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062A\u0646\u062F\u0645\u062C \u0645\u0639 \u062C\u0633\u064A\u0645\u0627\u062A \u0623\u062E\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u062A\u0643\u0648\u064A\u0646 \u062C\u0633\u064A\u0645\u0627\u062A \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062B\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u062A \u0648\u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0648\u0646\u064A\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063A\u0631\u064A\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0648\u0632\u064A\u062A\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064A\u0648\u0645\u060C \u0628\u064A\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064A\u062A\u0631\u064A\u0646\u0648 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0636\u0639\u064A\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062F\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0627\u062F\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u062F."@ar . "Lepton"@cs . . "Leptono"@eo . . . . "\u30EC\u30D7\u30C8\u30F3 (\u7D20\u7C92\u5B50)"@ja . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "60828"^^ . . . . . . . . . . "\u8F15\u5B50\uFF08Lepton\uFF09\u662F\u4E00\u7A2E\u4E0D\u53C2\u8207\u5F3A\u76F8\u4E92\u4F5C\u7528\u3001\u81EA\u65CB\u4E3A1/2\u7684\u57FA\u672C\u7C92\u5B50\u3002\u96FB\u5B50\u662F\u6700\u70BA\u4EBA\u77E5\u7684\u4E00\u7A2E\u8F15\u5B50\uFF1B\u5927\u90E8\u5206\u5316\u5B78\u9818\u57DF\u90FD\u6703\u6D89\u53CA\u5230\u8207\u96FB\u5B50\u7684\u76F8\u4E92\u4F5C\u7528\uFF0C\u539F\u5B50\u4E0D\u80FD\u6C92\u6709\u5B83\uFF0C\u6240\u6709\u5316\u5B78\u6027\u8CEA\u90FD\u76F4\u63A5\u8207\u5B83\u6709\u95DC\u3002\u8F15\u5B50\u53C8\u5206\u70BA\u5169\u985E\uFF1A\u300C\u5E36\u96FB\u8F15\u5B50\u300D\u8207\u300C\u4E2D\u6027\u8F15\u5B50\u300D\u3002\u5E36\u96FB\u8F15\u5B50\u5305\u62EC\u96FB\u5B50\u3001\u7DF2\u5B50\u3001\u9676\u5B50\uFF0C\u53EF\u4EE5\u8207\u5176\u5B83\u7C92\u5B50\u7D44\u5408\u6210\u8907\u5408\u7C92\u5B50\uFF0C\u4F8B\u5982\u539F\u5B50\u3001\u96FB\u5B50\u5076\u7D20\u7B49\u7B49\u3002 \u5728\u6240\u6709\u5E36\u96FB\u8F15\u5B50\u4E2D\uFF0C\u96FB\u5B50\u7684\u8CEA\u91CF\u6700\u8F15\uFF0C\u4E5F\u662F\u5B87\u5B99\u4E2D\u6700\u7A69\u5B9A\u3001\u6700\u5E38\u898B\u7684\u8F15\u5B50\uFF1B\u8CEA\u91CF\u8F03\u91CD\u7684\u7DF2\u5B50\u8207\u9676\u5B50\u6703\u5F88\u5FEB\u5730\u8870\u8B8A\u6210\u96FB\u5B50\uFF0C\u7DF2\u5B50\u8207\u9676\u5B50\u5FC5\u9808\u7D93\u904E\u9AD8\u80FD\u91CF\u78B0\u649E\u88FD\u6210\uFF0C\u4F8B\u5982\u4F7F\u7528\u7C92\u5B50\u52A0\u901F\u5668\u6216\u5728\u5B87\u5B99\u7DDA\u63A2\u6E2C\u5BE6\u9A57\u3002\u4E2D\u6027\u8F15\u5B50\u5305\u62EC\u96FB\u4E2D\u5FAE\u5B50\u3001\u7DF2\u4E2D\u5FAE\u5B50\u3001\u9676\u4E2D\u5FAE\u5B50\uFF1B\u5B83\u5011\u5F88\u5C11\u8207\u4EFB\u4F55\u7C92\u5B50\u76F8\u4E92\u4F5C\u7528\uFF0C\u5F88\u96E3\u88AB\u89C0\u6E2C\u5230\u3002 \u8F15\u5B50\u4E00\u5171\u6709\u516D\u7A2E\u98A8\u5473\uFF0C\u5F62\u6210\u4E09\u500B\u4E16\u4EE3\u3002\u7B2C\u4E00\u4EE3\u662F\u96FB\u8F15\u5B50\uFF0C\u5305\u62EC\u96FB\u5B50\uFF08e\u2212\uFF09\u8207\u96FB\u4E2D\u5FAE\u5B50 \uFF08\u03BDe\uFF09\u3002\u7B2C\u4E8C\u4EE3\u662F\u7DF2\u8F15\u5B50\uFF0C\u5305\u62EC\u7DF2\u5B50\uFF08\u03BC\u2212\uFF09\u8207\u7DF2\u4E2D\u5FAE\u5B50 \uFF08\u03BD\u03BC\uFF09\u3002\u7B2C\u4E09\u4EE3\u662F\u9676\u8F15\u5B50\uFF0C\u5305\u62EC\u9676\u5B50\uFF08\u03C4\u2212\uFF09\u8207\u9676\u4E2D\u5FAE\u5B50\uFF08\u03BD\u03C4\uFF09\u3002 \u8F15\u5B50\u64C1\u6709\u5F88\u591A\u5167\u79C9\u6027\u8CEA\uFF0C\u5305\u62EC\u96FB\u8377\u3001\u81EA\u65CB\u3001\u8CEA\u91CF\u7B49\u7B49\u3002\u8F15\u5B50\u8207\u5938\u514B\u6709\u4E00\u9EDE\u5F88\u4E0D\u76F8\u540C\uFF1A\u8F15\u5B50\u4E0D\u6703\u611F\u53D7\u5230\u5F37\u4F5C\u7528\u529B\u3002\u8F15\u5B50\u6703\u611F\u53D7\u5230\u5176\u5B83\u4E09\u7A2E\u57FA\u790E\u529B\uFF1A\u5F15\u529B\u3001\u5F31\u4F5C\u7528\u529B\u3001\u96FB\u78C1\u529B\u3002\u4F46\u662F\uFF0C\u7531\u65BC\u4E2D\u5FAE\u5B50\u7684\u96FB\u6027\u662F\u4E2D\u6027\uFF0C\u4E2D\u5FAE\u5B50\u4E0D\u6703\u611F\u53D7\u5230\u96FB\u78C1\u529B\u3002\u6BCF\u4E00\u7A2E\u8F15\u5B50\u98A8\u5473\u90FD\u6709\u5176\u5C0D\u61C9\u7684\u53CD\u7C92\u5B50\uFF0C\u7A31\u70BA\u300C\u53CD\u8F15\u5B50\u300D\u3002\u5E36\u96FB\u8F15\u5B50\u8207\u5C0D\u61C9\u7684\u53CD\u8F15\u5B50\u552F\u4E00\u4E0D\u540C\u4E4B\u8655\u662F\u5E36\u6709\u96FB\u8377\u7684\u6B63\u8CA0\u865F\u76F8\u53CD\u3002\u6839\u64DA\u67D0\u4E9B\u7406\u8AD6\uFF0C\u4E2D\u5FAE\u5B50\u662F\u81EA\u5DF1\u7684\u53CD\u7C92\u5B50\uFF0C\u4F46\u9019\u8AD6\u9EDE\u5C1A\u672A\u88AB\u8B49\u5BE6\u3002 \u5728\u6A19\u6E96\u6A21\u578B\u88CF\uFF0C\u8F15\u5B50\u626E\u6F14\u91CD\u8981\u89D2\u8272\uFF0C\u96FB\u5B50\u662F\u539F\u5B50\u7684\u6210\u5206\u4E4B\u4E00\uFF0C\u8207\u8CEA\u5B50\u3001\u4E2D\u5B50\u5171\u540C\u7D44\u6210\u539F\u5B50\u3002\u5728\u67D0\u4E9B\u88AB\u5408\u6210\u7684\u5947\u7570\u539F\u5B50\u88CF\uFF0C\u96FB\u5B50\u88AB\u66F4\u63DB\u70BA\u7DF2\u5B50\u6216\u9676\u5B50\u3002\u50CF\u96FB\u5B50\u5076\u7D20\u4E00\u985E\u7684\u8F15\u5B50-\u53CD\u8F15\u5B50\u7C92\u5B50\u4E5F\u53EF\u4EE5\u88AB\u5408\u6210\u3002"@zh . . "\u8F15\u5B50\uFF08Lepton\uFF09\u662F\u4E00\u7A2E\u4E0D\u53C2\u8207\u5F3A\u76F8\u4E92\u4F5C\u7528\u3001\u81EA\u65CB\u4E3A1/2\u7684\u57FA\u672C\u7C92\u5B50\u3002\u96FB\u5B50\u662F\u6700\u70BA\u4EBA\u77E5\u7684\u4E00\u7A2E\u8F15\u5B50\uFF1B\u5927\u90E8\u5206\u5316\u5B78\u9818\u57DF\u90FD\u6703\u6D89\u53CA\u5230\u8207\u96FB\u5B50\u7684\u76F8\u4E92\u4F5C\u7528\uFF0C\u539F\u5B50\u4E0D\u80FD\u6C92\u6709\u5B83\uFF0C\u6240\u6709\u5316\u5B78\u6027\u8CEA\u90FD\u76F4\u63A5\u8207\u5B83\u6709\u95DC\u3002\u8F15\u5B50\u53C8\u5206\u70BA\u5169\u985E\uFF1A\u300C\u5E36\u96FB\u8F15\u5B50\u300D\u8207\u300C\u4E2D\u6027\u8F15\u5B50\u300D\u3002\u5E36\u96FB\u8F15\u5B50\u5305\u62EC\u96FB\u5B50\u3001\u7DF2\u5B50\u3001\u9676\u5B50\uFF0C\u53EF\u4EE5\u8207\u5176\u5B83\u7C92\u5B50\u7D44\u5408\u6210\u8907\u5408\u7C92\u5B50\uFF0C\u4F8B\u5982\u539F\u5B50\u3001\u96FB\u5B50\u5076\u7D20\u7B49\u7B49\u3002 \u5728\u6240\u6709\u5E36\u96FB\u8F15\u5B50\u4E2D\uFF0C\u96FB\u5B50\u7684\u8CEA\u91CF\u6700\u8F15\uFF0C\u4E5F\u662F\u5B87\u5B99\u4E2D\u6700\u7A69\u5B9A\u3001\u6700\u5E38\u898B\u7684\u8F15\u5B50\uFF1B\u8CEA\u91CF\u8F03\u91CD\u7684\u7DF2\u5B50\u8207\u9676\u5B50\u6703\u5F88\u5FEB\u5730\u8870\u8B8A\u6210\u96FB\u5B50\uFF0C\u7DF2\u5B50\u8207\u9676\u5B50\u5FC5\u9808\u7D93\u904E\u9AD8\u80FD\u91CF\u78B0\u649E\u88FD\u6210\uFF0C\u4F8B\u5982\u4F7F\u7528\u7C92\u5B50\u52A0\u901F\u5668\u6216\u5728\u5B87\u5B99\u7DDA\u63A2\u6E2C\u5BE6\u9A57\u3002\u4E2D\u6027\u8F15\u5B50\u5305\u62EC\u96FB\u4E2D\u5FAE\u5B50\u3001\u7DF2\u4E2D\u5FAE\u5B50\u3001\u9676\u4E2D\u5FAE\u5B50\uFF1B\u5B83\u5011\u5F88\u5C11\u8207\u4EFB\u4F55\u7C92\u5B50\u76F8\u4E92\u4F5C\u7528\uFF0C\u5F88\u96E3\u88AB\u89C0\u6E2C\u5230\u3002 \u8F15\u5B50\u4E00\u5171\u6709\u516D\u7A2E\u98A8\u5473\uFF0C\u5F62\u6210\u4E09\u500B\u4E16\u4EE3\u3002\u7B2C\u4E00\u4EE3\u662F\u96FB\u8F15\u5B50\uFF0C\u5305\u62EC\u96FB\u5B50\uFF08e\u2212\uFF09\u8207\u96FB\u4E2D\u5FAE\u5B50 \uFF08\u03BDe\uFF09\u3002\u7B2C\u4E8C\u4EE3\u662F\u7DF2\u8F15\u5B50\uFF0C\u5305\u62EC\u7DF2\u5B50\uFF08\u03BC\u2212\uFF09\u8207\u7DF2\u4E2D\u5FAE\u5B50 \uFF08\u03BD\u03BC\uFF09\u3002\u7B2C\u4E09\u4EE3\u662F\u9676\u8F15\u5B50\uFF0C\u5305\u62EC\u9676\u5B50\uFF08\u03C4\u2212\uFF09\u8207\u9676\u4E2D\u5FAE\u5B50\uFF08\u03BD\u03C4\uFF09\u3002 \u8F15\u5B50\u64C1\u6709\u5F88\u591A\u5167\u79C9\u6027\u8CEA\uFF0C\u5305\u62EC\u96FB\u8377\u3001\u81EA\u65CB\u3001\u8CEA\u91CF\u7B49\u7B49\u3002\u8F15\u5B50\u8207\u5938\u514B\u6709\u4E00\u9EDE\u5F88\u4E0D\u76F8\u540C\uFF1A\u8F15\u5B50\u4E0D\u6703\u611F\u53D7\u5230\u5F37\u4F5C\u7528\u529B\u3002\u8F15\u5B50\u6703\u611F\u53D7\u5230\u5176\u5B83\u4E09\u7A2E\u57FA\u790E\u529B\uFF1A\u5F15\u529B\u3001\u5F31\u4F5C\u7528\u529B\u3001\u96FB\u78C1\u529B\u3002\u4F46\u662F\uFF0C\u7531\u65BC\u4E2D\u5FAE\u5B50\u7684\u96FB\u6027\u662F\u4E2D\u6027\uFF0C\u4E2D\u5FAE\u5B50\u4E0D\u6703\u611F\u53D7\u5230\u96FB\u78C1\u529B\u3002\u6BCF\u4E00\u7A2E\u8F15\u5B50\u98A8\u5473\u90FD\u6709\u5176\u5C0D\u61C9\u7684\u53CD\u7C92\u5B50\uFF0C\u7A31\u70BA\u300C\u53CD\u8F15\u5B50\u300D\u3002\u5E36\u96FB\u8F15\u5B50\u8207\u5C0D\u61C9\u7684\u53CD\u8F15\u5B50\u552F\u4E00\u4E0D\u540C\u4E4B\u8655\u662F\u5E36\u6709\u96FB\u8377\u7684\u6B63\u8CA0\u865F\u76F8\u53CD\u3002\u6839\u64DA\u67D0\u4E9B\u7406\u8AD6\uFF0C\u4E2D\u5FAE\u5B50\u662F\u81EA\u5DF1\u7684\u53CD\u7C92\u5B50\uFF0C\u4F46\u9019\u8AD6\u9EDE\u5C1A\u672A\u88AB\u8B49\u5BE6\u3002"@zh . . . . "\uACBD\uC785\uC790"@ko . "Ve fyzice je lepton \u010D\u00E1stice, na kterou nep\u016Fsob\u00ED siln\u00E1 jadern\u00E1 s\u00EDla (siln\u00E1 interakce). Jm\u00E9no \u201Elepton\u201C poch\u00E1z\u00ED z \u0159e\u010Dtiny a znamen\u00E1 lehk\u00FD, proto se n\u011Bkdy objevuje pod pojmem lehk\u00E1 \u010D\u00E1stice. Av\u0161ak po zaveden\u00ED tohoto pojmu byl objeven tauon, kter\u00FD je t\u00E9m\u011B\u0159 dvakr\u00E1t hmotn\u011Bj\u0161\u00ED ne\u017E proton. Leptony se d\u011Bl\u00ED na nabit\u00E9 leptony (elektron, mion a tauon) a neutrina (elektronov\u00E9, mionov\u00E9 a tauonov\u00E9)."@cs . . . . . . . "Een lepton (afgeleid van \u03BB\u03B5\u03C0\u03C4\u03CC\u03C2, Grieks voor 'klein' of 'fijn') is een van de drie typen subatomaire deeltjes uit het standaardmodel van de deeltjesfysica. Zowel quarks als leptonen zijn fermionen. Een hadron bestaat uit quarks, een lepton niet. Volgens de huidige kennis kan een lepton niet worden gesplitst en is het daarom een elementair deeltje. Het woord 'lepton' werd voor het eerst gebruikt door de Belgische natuurkundige L\u00E9on Rosenfeld in zijn boek Nuclear Forces (1948)."@nl . . . . . "Leptons are involved in several processes such as beta decay."@en . "Ve fyzice je lepton \u010D\u00E1stice, na kterou nep\u016Fsob\u00ED siln\u00E1 jadern\u00E1 s\u00EDla (siln\u00E1 interakce). Jm\u00E9no \u201Elepton\u201C poch\u00E1z\u00ED z \u0159e\u010Dtiny a znamen\u00E1 lehk\u00FD, proto se n\u011Bkdy objevuje pod pojmem lehk\u00E1 \u010D\u00E1stice. Av\u0161ak po zaveden\u00ED tohoto pojmu byl objeven tauon, kter\u00FD je t\u00E9m\u011B\u0159 dvakr\u00E1t hmotn\u011Bj\u0161\u00ED ne\u017E proton. Leptony se d\u011Bl\u00ED na nabit\u00E9 leptony (elektron, mion a tauon) a neutrina (elektronov\u00E9, mionov\u00E9 a tauonov\u00E9)."@cs . . "Lepton (subatomair deeltje)"@nl . . . . . . "Leptony (z gr. \u03BB\u03B5\u03C0\u03C4\u03CC\u03C2 lept\u00F3s \u2013 lekki, drobny, cienki) \u2212 grupa 12 cz\u0105stek elementarnych (6 cz\u0105stek i 6 antycz\u0105stek), nale\u017C\u0105cych do grupy fermion\u00F3w fundamentalnych, razem z kwarkami. Do lepton\u00F3w zaliczaj\u0105 si\u0119: \n* elektron (e\u2212), mion (\u03BC\u2212), taon (\u03C4\u2212); \n* trzy neutrina odpowiadaj\u0105ce ka\u017Cdej z nich: neutrino elektronowe (\u03BDe), mionowe (\u03BD\u03BC) oraz taonowe (\u03BD\u03C4); \n* odpowiadaj\u0105ce im antycz\u0105stki: pozyton (antyelektron), antymion, antytaon i trzy antyneutrina. Jako ostatnie zosta\u0142o odkryte neutrino taonowe, w 2000 roku."@pl . "Leptone"@it . . . "\u041B\u0435\u043F\u0442\u043E\u0301\u043D\u044B (\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0447. \u03BB\u03B5\u03C0\u03C4\u03CC\u03C2 \u2014 \u043B\u0451\u0433\u043A\u0438\u0439) \u2014 \u0444\u0443\u043D\u0434\u0430\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0446\u044B \u0441 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0443\u0446\u0435\u043B\u044B\u043C \u0441\u043F\u0438\u043D\u043E\u043C, \u043D\u0435 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044E\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0441\u0438\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u043C \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043C\u043E\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0438. \u041D\u0430\u0440\u044F\u0434\u0443 \u0441 \u043A\u0432\u0430\u0440\u043A\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u0438 \u043A\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0431\u0440\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0447\u043D\u044B\u043C\u0438 \u0431\u043E\u0437\u043E\u043D\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u043B\u0435\u043F\u0442\u043E\u043D\u044B \u0441\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043B\u044F\u044E\u0442 \u043D\u0435\u043E\u0442\u044A\u0435\u043C\u043B\u0435\u043C\u0443\u044E \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0421\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u043C\u043E\u0434\u0435\u043B\u0438."@ru . "Leapt\u00F3n"@ga . . . . . "In particle physics, a lepton is an elementary particle of half-integer spin (spin 1\u20442) that does not undergo strong interactions. Two main classes of leptons exist: charged leptons (also known as the electron-like leptons or muons), and neutral leptons (better known as neutrinos). Charged leptons can combine with other particles to form various composite particles such as atoms and positronium, while neutrinos rarely interact with anything, and are consequently rarely observed. The best known of all leptons is the electron."@en . . . . . . "\u8F15\u5B50"@zh . . "Leptoner \u00E4r elementarpartiklar enligt kvantfysiken. Leptonerna \u00E4r den ena huvudgruppen av fermioniska elementarpartiklar. Den andra gruppen \u00E4r kvarkarna.Av leptoner finns det sex stycken aromer, vilka liksom kvarkarna delas in i tre familjer. Varje familj best\u00E5r av en partikel och tillh\u00F6rande neutrino. familj 1: elektron, elektronneutrinofamilj 2: myon, myonneutrinofamilj 3: tau-lepton, tauneutrino Neutrinerna har ingen laddning medan de \u00F6vriga leptonerna har laddningen -e (elementarladdningen). Alla dessa sex aromer har ocks\u00E5 varsin antipartikel med motsatt laddning. Elektronens antipartikel har ett eget namn, positron (e+)."@sv . . . . . . . . . . . "En f\u00EDsica, un lept\u00F3n es una part\u00EDcula con esp\u00EDn 1/2 en el caso de los neutrinos y +/- 1/2 en los dem\u00E1s leptones (un fermi\u00F3n) que no experimenta interacci\u00F3n fuerte.\u200B Los leptones forman parte de una familia de part\u00EDculas elementales conocida como la familia de los fermiones, al igual que los quarks. Un lept\u00F3n es un fermi\u00F3n fundamental sin carga hadr\u00F3nica o de color. Existen seis leptones y sus correspondientes antipart\u00EDculas: el electr\u00F3n, el muon, el tau y tres neutrinos asociados a cada uno de ellos. El primer lept\u00F3n cargado, el electr\u00F3n, fue teorizado a mediados del siglo XIX por varios cient\u00EDficos.\u200B\u200B\u200B y fue descubierto en 1897 por J. J. Thomson.\u200B El siguiente lept\u00F3n que se observ\u00F3 fue el mu\u00F3n, descubierto por Carl D. Anderson en 1936, que fue clasificado como un mes\u00F3n en ese momento.\u200B Despu\u00E9s de la investigaci\u00F3n, se dio cuenta de que el mu\u00F3n no ten\u00EDa las propiedades esperadas de un mes\u00F3n, sino que se comportaba como un electr\u00F3n, solo que con mayor masa. Hubo que esperar hasta 1947 para que se propusiera el concepto de \"leptones\" como familia de part\u00EDculas.\u200B El primer neutrino, el neutrino electr\u00F3nico, fue propuesto por Wolfgang Pauli en 1930 para explicar ciertas caracter\u00EDsticas de la desintegraci\u00F3n beta.\u200B Se observ\u00F3 por primera vez en el realizado por Clyde Cowan y Frederick Reines en 1956.\u200B\u200B El neutrino mu\u00F3n fue descubierto en 1962 por Leon M. Lederman, Melvin Schwartz, y Jack Steinberger,\u200B y el tau descubierto entre 1974 y 1977 por Martin Lewis Perl y sus colegas del Centro Acelerador Lineal de Stanford y el Laboratorio Nacional Lawrence Berkeley.\u200B El permaneci\u00F3 escurridizo hasta julio de 2000, cuando la colaboraci\u00F3n de Fermilab anunci\u00F3 su descubrimiento.\u200B\u200B"@es . . . . "Antilepton"@en . . . . . "Lepton adalah sebuah kelompok partikel dasar, bersama-sama dengan kuark dan gauge boson. Seperti kuark, lepton merupakan fermion (partikel spin \u200B1\u20442) dan dipengaruhi oleh gaya elektromagnetik, gaya gravitasi, dan gaya lemah, namun berbeda dengan kuark, lepton tidak ikut serta dalam interaksi kuat. Ada enam lepton, yang membentuk tiga generasi. Generasi pertama adalah lepton elektronik, yang terdiri dari elektron dan neutrino elektron. Generasi kedua adalah , terdiri dari muon dan , sedangkan generasi ketiga adalah dan . Tiap lepton memiliki antipartikel, yang dikenal sebagai antilepton. Lepton adalah bagian penting dari Model standar, terutama elektron yang merupakan salah satu komponen atom, bersama-sama dengan proton dan neutron. dengan muon dan tauon sebagai ganti elektron juga dapat disintesis."@in . . . "\u041B\u0435\u043F\u0442\u043E\u0301\u043D (\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0446. \u03BB\u03B5\u03C0\u03C4\u03CC\u03C2 \u2014 \u043B\u0435\u0433\u043A\u0438\u0439) \u2014 \u0435\u043B\u0435\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043D\u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043D\u043A\u0430, \u0444\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0456\u043E\u043D, \u0449\u043E \u043D\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0432 \u0441\u0438\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0456\u0439 \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0454\u043C\u043E\u0434\u0456\u0457. \u041D\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430 \u00AB\u043B\u0435\u043F\u0442\u043E\u043D\u00BB \u0431\u0443\u043B\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043F\u0440\u043E\u043F\u043E\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0430 \u0443 1948 \u0440\u043E\u0446\u0456 \u0456 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043E\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0430\u043B\u0430 \u0442\u043E\u0439 \u0444\u0430\u043A\u0442, \u0449\u043E \u0432\u0441\u0456 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043E\u043C\u0456 \u043D\u0430 \u0442\u043E\u0439 \u0447\u0430\u0441 \u043B\u0435\u043F\u0442\u043E\u043D\u0438 \u0431\u0443\u043B\u0438 \u0437\u043D\u0430\u0447\u043D\u043E \u043B\u0435\u0433\u0448\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043A\u0456 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043D\u043A\u0438, \u0449\u043E \u0432\u0445\u043E\u0434\u044F\u0442\u044C \u0443 \u043A\u043B\u0430\u0441 \u0431\u0430\u0440\u0456\u043E\u043D\u0456\u0432 (\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0446. \u03B2\u03B1\u03C1\u03CD\u03C2 \u2014 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043A\u0438\u0439). \u0417\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0437 \u0435\u0442\u0438\u043C\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0456\u044F \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0456\u043D\u0443 \u0432\u0436\u0435 \u043D\u0435 \u0446\u0456\u043B\u043A\u043E\u043C \u0443\u0437\u0433\u043E\u0434\u0436\u0443\u0454\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0437 \u0434\u0456\u0439\u0441\u043D\u0438\u043C \u043F\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0436\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F\u043C \u0441\u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432, \u043E\u0441\u043A\u0456\u043B\u044C\u043A\u0438 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043A\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0439 \u0432 1977 \u0442\u0430\u0443-\u043B\u0435\u043F\u0442\u043E\u043D \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0431\u043B\u0438\u0437\u043D\u043E \u0443\u0434\u0432\u0456\u0447\u0456 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u0447\u0438\u0439 \u0437\u0430 \u043D\u0430\u0439\u043B\u0435\u0433\u0448\u0456 \u0431\u0430\u0440\u0456\u043E\u043D\u0438 (\u043F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u043E\u043D \u0456 \u043D\u0435\u0439\u0442\u0440\u043E\u043D). \u0406\u0441\u043D\u0443\u0454 \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u043F\u043E\u043A\u043E\u043B\u0456\u043D\u043D\u044F \u043B\u0435\u043F\u0442\u043E\u043D\u0456\u0432: \u0421\u043F\u0456\u0432\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0448\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u043C\u0456\u0436 \u043C\u0430\u0441\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0440\u044F\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u043B\u0435\u043F\u0442\u043E\u043D\u0456\u0432 \u043E\u043F\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0454\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0443\u043B\u043E\u044E \u041A\u043E\u0439\u0434\u0435."@uk . "\u30EC\u30D7\u30C8\u30F3\uFF08lepton\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u7D20\u7C92\u5B50\u306E\u30B0\u30EB\u30FC\u30D7\u306E\u4E00\u3064\u3067\u3042\u308A\u3001\u30AF\u30A9\u30FC\u30AF\u3068\u3068\u3082\u306B\u7269\u8CEA\u306E\u57FA\u672C\u7684\u306A\u69CB\u6210\u8981\u7D20\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u8EFD\u7C92\u5B50\u3068\u3082\u547C\u3070\u308C\u308B\u3002 \u30EC\u30D7\u30C8\u30F3\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8A9E\u306F\u3001\u300C\u8EFD\u3044\u300D\u3092\u610F\u5473\u3059\u308B\u53E4\u4EE3\u30AE\u30EA\u30B7\u30A2\u8A9E: \u03BB\u03B5\u03C0\u03C4\u03CC\u03C2 (leptos) \u3068\u7C92\u5B50\u3092\u610F\u5473\u3059\u308B\u63A5\u5C3E\u8A9E\"-on\"\u304B\u3089\u30011948\u5E74\u306B\u306B\u3088\u3063\u3066\u4F5C\u3089\u308C\u305F\u3002"@ja . "\u041B\u0435\u043F\u0442\u043E\u043D"@uk . . "Tugtar leapt\u00F3n ar bhunch\u00E1ithn\u00EDn fo-adamhach nach mbraitheann an t-idirghn\u00EDomh\u00FA l\u00E1idir, mar nach bhfuil lucht datha (an cine\u00E1l lucht a bhaineann leis an bhf\u00F3rsa l\u00E1idir) aige. T\u00E1 d\u00E1 short leapt\u00F3n ann: leapt\u00F3in le lucht leictreach, ar n\u00F3s an leictreoin, agus leapt\u00F3in gan lucht leictreach, go dtugtar neoidr\u00EDon\u00F3nna orthu. Is \u00E9 an leictreon (e), an mu\u00F3n (\u03BC), agus an tau\u00F3n (\u03C4) na tr\u00ED leapt\u00F3n le lucht leictreach, agus t\u00E1 neoidr\u00EDon\u00F3 d\u00E1 gcuid f\u00E9in ag gach ceann acu: \u03BDe \u03BD\u03BC \u03BD\u03C4."@ga . . "\u30EC\u30D7\u30C8\u30F3\uFF08lepton\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u7D20\u7C92\u5B50\u306E\u30B0\u30EB\u30FC\u30D7\u306E\u4E00\u3064\u3067\u3042\u308A\u3001\u30AF\u30A9\u30FC\u30AF\u3068\u3068\u3082\u306B\u7269\u8CEA\u306E\u57FA\u672C\u7684\u306A\u69CB\u6210\u8981\u7D20\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u8EFD\u7C92\u5B50\u3068\u3082\u547C\u3070\u308C\u308B\u3002 \u30EC\u30D7\u30C8\u30F3\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8A9E\u306F\u3001\u300C\u8EFD\u3044\u300D\u3092\u610F\u5473\u3059\u308B\u53E4\u4EE3\u30AE\u30EA\u30B7\u30A2\u8A9E: \u03BB\u03B5\u03C0\u03C4\u03CC\u03C2 (leptos) \u3068\u7C92\u5B50\u3092\u610F\u5473\u3059\u308B\u63A5\u5C3E\u8A9E\"-on\"\u304B\u3089\u30011948\u5E74\u306B\u306B\u3088\u3063\u3066\u4F5C\u3089\u308C\u305F\u3002"@ja . . . "I leptoni sono un gruppo di particelle elementari appartenenti alla famiglia dei fermioni. Sono suddivisi in due classi: quelli carichi, come l'elettrone, e quelli neutri, i neutrini. Le due classi comprendono ognuna tre tipologie: la prima l'elettrone, il muone e il tauone, la seconda tre tipi di neutrino, ciascuno associato agli altri leptoni (neutrino elettronico , neutrino muonico e neutrino tauonico ). Ogni coppia leptone-neutrino corrispondente costituisce una generazione. L'elettrone, il muone e il tauone hanno carica elettrica negativa, definita come la carica elementare, e si differenziano per massa e vita media. I neutrini sono stati ritenuti per lungo tempo privi di massa, ma nel 1998, presso l'osservatorio Super-Kamiokande in Giappone, \u00E8 stato mostrato che il neutrino ha massa piccolissima, da 100 000 a 1 milione di volte inferiore a quella dell'elettrone. I leptoni interagiscono con le varie interazioni fondamentali tranne l'interazione forte, in ci\u00F2 differenziandosi dai quark. Il termine leptone deriva dalla parola greca: \u03BB\u03B5\u03C0\u03C4\u03CC\u03C2 (\u00AB leggero \u00BB) e si riferisce alla piccola massa del primo leptone scoperto, l'elettrone, rispetto ai nucleoni."@it . . . . . "Leptoi bat neutrinoen kasuan -1/2 espina eta beste leptoien kasuan +/- 1/2 espina duen partikula bat da. Leptoiek ez dute elkarreragin nuklear indartsua jasaten. Leptoiek eta quarkek fermioien oinarrizko partikulen familia osatzen dute. Leptoiek ez dute karga hadronikorik edo kolorezkorik. Sei leptoi existitzen dira, eta bakoitzak euren antipartikula du: elektroia, muoia, tau eta eurei lotutako hiru neutrino."@eu . . "Tugtar leapt\u00F3n ar bhunch\u00E1ithn\u00EDn fo-adamhach nach mbraitheann an t-idirghn\u00EDomh\u00FA l\u00E1idir, mar nach bhfuil lucht datha (an cine\u00E1l lucht a bhaineann leis an bhf\u00F3rsa l\u00E1idir) aige. T\u00E1 d\u00E1 short leapt\u00F3n ann: leapt\u00F3in le lucht leictreach, ar n\u00F3s an leictreoin, agus leapt\u00F3in gan lucht leictreach, go dtugtar neoidr\u00EDon\u00F3nna orthu. Is \u00E9 an leictreon (e), an mu\u00F3n (\u03BC), agus an tau\u00F3n (\u03C4) na tr\u00ED leapt\u00F3n le lucht leictreach, agus t\u00E1 neoidr\u00EDon\u00F3 d\u00E1 gcuid f\u00E9in ag gach ceann acu: \u03BDe \u03BD\u03BC \u03BD\u03C4."@ga . . . "\u041B\u0435\u043F\u0442\u043E\u043D\u044B"@ru . . . "\uACBD\uC785\uC790(\u8F15\u7C92\u5B50, lepton \uB819\uD1A4[*])\uB294 \uBB3C\uB9AC\uD559\uC5D0\uC11C \uC2A4\uD540\uC774 \u00BD\uC774\uACE0 (\uD398\uB974\uBBF8\uC628) \uAC15\uD55C \uD575\uB825\uC5D0 \uC601\uD5A5\uC744 \uBC1B\uC9C0 \uC54A\uB294 \uAE30\uBCF8 \uC785\uC790\uC774\uB2E4. \uC804\uC790, \uBBA4\uC628, \uD0C0\uC6B0\uC628\uACFC \uAC01\uAC01\uC5D0 \uD574\uB2F9\uD558\uB294 \uC911\uC131\uBBF8\uC790\uB85C, \uD604\uC7AC\uAE4C\uC9C0 \uCD1D 6\uC885\uC774 \uC54C\uB824\uC838 \uC788\uB2E4. \uAC15\uD558\uAC8C \uC0C1\uD638\uC791\uC6A9\uD558\uB294 \uAE30\uBCF8 \uD398\uB974\uBBF8\uC628\uC740 \uCFFC\uD06C\uB85C \uBD84\uB958\uB41C\uB2E4. \uACBD\uC785\uC790\uB294 \uAE30\uBCF8 \uC785\uC790\uC774\uC790, \uBB3C\uC9C8\uC758 \uAC00\uC7A5 \uAE30\uBCF8\uC801\uC778 \uAD6C\uC131\uC694\uC18C\uC774\uB2E4. \uACBD\uC785\uC790\uB294 \uBB3C\uC9C8\uC758 \uAE30\uC6D0\uC744 \uC124\uBA85\uD558\uB294 \uD45C\uC900 \uBAA8\uD615\uC5D0\uC11C \uC911\uC694\uD55C \uC704\uCE58\uB97C \uCC28\uC9C0\uD558\uACE0 \uC788\uB2E4. \uB300\uD45C\uC801\uC778 \uACBD\uC785\uC790\uB85C\uB294 \uC804\uC790\uB97C \uAF3D\uC744 \uC218 \uC788\uB2E4. \uC804\uC790\uB294 \uBB3C\uC9C8\uC758 \uD654\uD559\uC801 \uD2B9\uC131\uC5D0 \uC9C1\uC811\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uC5F0\uAD00\uB418\uC5B4 \uC788\uAE30\uC5D0 \uD654\uD559\uC774\uB77C\uB294 \uD559\uBB38 \uC804 \uBC94\uC704\uC5D0 \uAC78\uCCD0 \uC911\uC694\uD55C \uC704\uCE58\uB97C \uCC28\uC9C0\uD558\uACE0 \uC788\uB2E4. \uB819\uD1A4\uC740 \uB610\uD55C 3\uC138\uB300\uC5D0 \uAC78\uCCD0 \uC5EC\uC12F \uC885\uB958\uB85C \uB2EC\uB9AC \uBD84\uB958\uD560 \uC218 \uC788\uB2E4. 1\uC138\uB300\uB294 \uC804\uC790\uC640 \uC804\uC790 \uC911\uC131\uBBF8\uC790, 2\uC138\uB300\uB294 \uBBA4\uC628\uACFC \uBBA4\uC628 \uC911\uC131\uBBF8\uC790, 3\uC138\uB300\uB294 \uD0C0\uC6B0\uC628\uACFC \uD0C0\uC6B0 \uC911\uC131\uBBF8\uC790\uB85C \uAD6C\uC131\uB418\uC5B4 \uC788\uB2E4. 1\uC138\uB300\uC5D0\uC11C 3\uC138\uB300\uB85C \uAC08\uC218\uB85D \uAD6C\uC131\uD558\uB294 \uC785\uC790\uB4E4\uC758 \uC9C8\uB7C9\uC774 \uC99D\uAC00\uD558\uB294 \uACBD\uD5A5\uC744 \uBCF4\uC778\uB2E4. \uB819\uD1A4\uC740 \uBB3C\uC9C8\uC758 \uAE30\uC6D0\uC744 \uC124\uBA85\uD558\uB294 \uD45C\uC900 \uBAA8\uD615\uC5D0\uC11C \uC911\uC694\uD55C \uC704\uCE58\uB97C \uCC28\uC9C0\uD558\uACE0 \uC788\uB2E4. \uADF8\uB9AC\uACE0 \uC804\uC790\uB294 \uC591\uC131\uC790, \uC911\uC131\uC790\uC640 \uD568\uAED8 \uC6D0\uC790\uB97C \uAD6C\uC131\uD55C\uB2E4."@ko . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "En physique des particules, un lepton est une particule \u00E9l\u00E9mentaire de spin 1\u20442 qui n'est pas sensible \u00E0 l'interaction forte. La famille des leptons est constitu\u00E9e des \u00E9lectrons, des muons, des tauons, des neutrinos respectifs et des antiparticules de toutes celles-ci. Le terme lepton provient du mot grec \u03BB\u03B5\u03C0\u03C4\u03CC\u03C2 / lept\u00F3s (\u00AB l\u00E9ger \u00BB) et se r\u00E9f\u00E8re \u00E0 la faible masse du premier lepton d\u00E9couvert, l'\u00E9lectron, par rapport aux nucl\u00E9ons."@fr . . . "Lept\u00F3n"@es . . . "Lepton adalah sebuah kelompok partikel dasar, bersama-sama dengan kuark dan gauge boson. Seperti kuark, lepton merupakan fermion (partikel spin \u200B1\u20442) dan dipengaruhi oleh gaya elektromagnetik, gaya gravitasi, dan gaya lemah, namun berbeda dengan kuark, lepton tidak ikut serta dalam interaksi kuat. Ada enam lepton, yang membentuk tiga generasi. Generasi pertama adalah lepton elektronik, yang terdiri dari elektron dan neutrino elektron. Generasi kedua adalah , terdiri dari muon dan , sedangkan generasi ketiga adalah dan . Tiap lepton memiliki antipartikel, yang dikenal sebagai antilepton."@in . . . . . . . . "I leptoni sono un gruppo di particelle elementari appartenenti alla famiglia dei fermioni. Sono suddivisi in due classi: quelli carichi, come l'elettrone, e quelli neutri, i neutrini. Le due classi comprendono ognuna tre tipologie: la prima l'elettrone, il muone e il tauone, la seconda tre tipi di neutrino, ciascuno associato agli altri leptoni (neutrino elettronico , neutrino muonico e neutrino tauonico ). Ogni coppia leptone-neutrino corrispondente costituisce una generazione."@it . . "Lepton"@de . . . . . . . . . "Em f\u00EDsica de part\u00EDculas, um l\u00E9pton (portugu\u00EAs brasileiro) ou lept\u00E3o (portugu\u00EAs europeu) \u00E9 uma part\u00EDcula elementar de spin semi-inteiro (spin 1/2) que n\u00E3o sofre intera\u00E7\u00F5es fortes. Existem duas classes principais de l\u00E9ptons: l\u00E9ptons carregados, tamb\u00E9m conhecidos como l\u00E9ptons do tipo el\u00E9tron, e l\u00E9ptons neutros (tamb\u00E9m conhecidos como neutrinos). L\u00E9ptons carregados podem combinar-se com outras part\u00EDculas para formar part\u00EDculas compostas como os \u00E1tomos, enquanto que os neutrinos interagem fracamente com outras part\u00EDculas. O l\u00E9pton mais conhecido \u00E9 o el\u00E9tron. H\u00E1 seis tipos, ou sabores, de l\u00E9ptons, agrupados em tr\u00EAs gera\u00E7\u00F5es. A primeira gera\u00E7\u00E3o de l\u00E9ptons, tamb\u00E9m chamada de l\u00E9ptons eletr\u00F4nicos, compreende o el\u00E9tron (e\u2212) e o neutrino do el\u00E9tron (\u03BDe); a segunda s\u00E3o os l\u00E9ptons mu\u00F4nicos, que compreendem o m\u00FAon (\u03BC-) e o neutrino do m\u00FAon (\u03BD\u03BC); e a terceira s\u00E3o os l\u00E9ptons tau\u00F4nicos, que envolvem os taus (\u03C4\u2212) e o neutrino do tau (\u03BD\u03C4). O el\u00E9tron tem a menor massa de todos os l\u00E9ptons carregados. Os m\u00FAons e taus rapidamente decaem em el\u00E9trons. Portanto, o el\u00E9tron \u00E9 est\u00E1vel e \u00E9 o l\u00E9pton carregado mais comum no Universo, enquanto que m\u00FAons e taus s\u00E3o produzidos apenas em colis\u00F5es de altas energias (como as que envolvem raios c\u00F3smicos ou nas colis\u00F5es em aceleradores de part\u00EDculas). Os l\u00E9ptons t\u00EAm v\u00E1rias propriedades intr\u00EDnsecas como carga el\u00E9trica, spin e massa. Diferentemente dos quarks, l\u00E9ptons n\u00E3o s\u00E3o sujeitos \u00E0 for\u00E7a nuclear forte, mas interagem por meio da gravidade e da for\u00E7a fraca. Os l\u00E9ptons carregados interagem tamb\u00E9m por meio da for\u00E7a eletromagn\u00E9tica. Para cada sabor de l\u00E9pton, h\u00E1 sua correspondente antipart\u00EDcula, conhecida como antil\u00E9pton, que difere do l\u00E9pton apenas em algumas de suas propriedades que t\u00EAm a mesma magnitude mas sinais opostos. De acordo com certas teorias, neutrinos podem ser sua pr\u00F3pria antipart\u00EDcula. O primeiro l\u00E9pton carregado, o el\u00E9tron, foi teorizado em meados do s\u00E9culo XIX por muitos cientistas e foi descoberto em 1897 por J. J. Thomson. O pr\u00F3ximo l\u00E9pton a ser observado foi o m\u00FAon, descoberto por Carl D. Anderson em 1936, que foi classificado como um m\u00E9son na \u00E9poca. Ap\u00F3s investiga\u00E7\u00F5es descobriu-se que o m\u00FAon n\u00E3o tinha as propriedades de um m\u00E9son e, al\u00E9m disso, se comportava como um el\u00E9tron mas com massa maior. Foi s\u00F3 em 1947 que o conceito de \u201Cl\u00E9pton\u201D como fam\u00EDlia de part\u00EDculas foi proposto. O primeiro neutrino, o neutrino do el\u00E9tron, foi proposto por Wolfgang Pauli em 1930 para explicar certas caracter\u00EDsticas do decaimento beta. Foi observado no experimento Cowan-Reines neutrino (Cowan-Reines neutrino experiment), conduzido por Clyde Cowan e Frederick Reines em 1956. O neutrino do m\u00FAon foi descoberto em 1962 por Leon M. Lederman, Melvin Schwartz, e Jack Steinberge, e a descoberta do tau entre 1974 e 1977 por Martin Lewis Perl e seus colegas do Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (Acelerador Linear de Stanford) e Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Laborat\u00F3rio Nacional de Lawrence Berkeley). O neutrino do tau n\u00E3o foi descoberto at\u00E9 julho de 2000, quando a colabora\u00E7\u00E3o DONUT do Fermilab anunciou sua descoberta. L\u00E9ptons s\u00E3o uma parte importante no modelo padr\u00E3o. El\u00E9trons s\u00E3o componentes dos \u00E1tomos, junto com pr\u00F3tons e n\u00EAutrons. \u00C1tomos ex\u00F3ticos com m\u00FAons e taus em vez de el\u00E9trons tamb\u00E9m podem ser sintetizados, bem como part\u00EDculas l\u00E9pton-antil\u00E9pton como o positr\u00F4nio."@pt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Lepton"@fr . . . . "Lept\u00F3"@ca . . "Leptoi"@eu . . . . . . . "En physique des particules, un lepton est une particule \u00E9l\u00E9mentaire de spin 1\u20442 qui n'est pas sensible \u00E0 l'interaction forte. La famille des leptons est constitu\u00E9e des \u00E9lectrons, des muons, des tauons, des neutrinos respectifs et des antiparticules de toutes celles-ci. Le terme lepton provient du mot grec \u03BB\u03B5\u03C0\u03C4\u03CC\u03C2 / lept\u00F3s (\u00AB l\u00E9ger \u00BB) et se r\u00E9f\u00E8re \u00E0 la faible masse du premier lepton d\u00E9couvert, l'\u00E9lectron, par rapport aux nucl\u00E9ons."@fr . . "Lepton (mechanika kwantowa)"@pl . . . "0"^^ . . . . .