"\uB808\uC624\uD3F4 2\uC138"@ko . . . . . . . "Leopoldo la 2-a (Belgio)"@eo . . . "L\u00E9opold II dari Belgia"@in . . . . . . . "1865"^^ . . . "Leopold Ludwig Philipp Maria Viktor"@en . . . . . . . "Leopoldo II (Bruxelas, 9 de abril de 1835 \u2014 Laeken, 17 de dezembro de 1909) foi o segundo Rei dos Belgas de 1865 at\u00E9 sua morte. Foi tamb\u00E9m pr\u00EDncipe da B\u00E9lgica, duque de Saxe, duque de Saxe-Coburgo e Gotha, duque de Brabante e soberano do Estado Livre do Congo (1884-1908). Era o segundo filho do rei Leopoldo I, a quem sucedeu em 1865, tendo reinado at\u00E9 sua morte, em 1909. Era irm\u00E3o da imperatriz Carlota do M\u00E9xico. Por parte de sua m\u00E3e, Luisa d'Orl\u00E9ans neto de Lu\u00EDs Filipe I e primo-irm\u00E3o da rainha Vit\u00F3ria do Reino Unido. O regime da col\u00F4nia africana de Leopoldo II, o Estado Livre do Congo, tornou-se um dos esc\u00E2ndalos internacionais mais infames da virada do s\u00E9culo XIX para o s\u00E9culo XX. O relat\u00F3rio de 1904, escrito pelo c\u00F4nsul brit\u00E2nico Roger Casement, levou \u00E0 pris\u00E3o e \u00E0 puni\u00E7\u00E3o de oficiais brancos que tinham sido respons\u00E1veis por matan\u00E7as a sangue frio durante uma expedi\u00E7\u00E3o de coleta de borracha em 1903 (incluindo um indiv\u00EDduo belga que matou a tiros pelo menos 122 congoleses). O Estado Livre do Congo incluiu uma \u00E1rea inteira hoje conhecida por Rep\u00FAblica Democr\u00E1tica do Congo. Amigo de Henry Morton Stanley, o rei pediu a ele que o ajudasse a dar entrada \u00E0 peti\u00E7\u00E3o do territ\u00F3rio. Leopoldo administrou-o como sua possess\u00E3o privada, considerando-se um empres\u00E1rio astuto e tendo passado uma semana em Sevilha para estudar os registros espanh\u00F3is de seu com\u00E9rcio com as suas col\u00F4nias da Am\u00E9rica Latina."@pt . "Brussels, Belgium"@en . . . . . . "1122253950"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0644\u064A\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u062F \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0627\u0646\u064A (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064A\u0629: L\u00E9opold II)\u200F \u062B\u0627\u0646\u064A \u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0628\u0644\u062C\u064A\u0643\u0627. \u062D\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u064A\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064A (1865 \u06481909)\u060C \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u064A\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u062F \u0644\u0648\u064A\u0633 \u0641\u064A\u0644\u064A\u0628 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u064A \u0641\u064A\u0643\u062A\u0648\u0631\u060C \u0648\u0644\u062F \u0628\u062A\u0627\u0631\u064A\u062E 9 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064A\u0644 1835 \u0641\u064A \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633\u0644\u060C \u0648\u062A\u0648\u0641\u064A \u0628\u062A\u0627\u0631\u064A\u062E 17 \u062F\u064A\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 1909 \u0641\u064A \u0644\u0627\u064A\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064A \u0628\u0644\u062C\u064A\u0643\u0627. \u0623\u062D\u062F \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u0631\u062A\u0643\u0628\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062C\u0627\u0632\u0631 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0627\u0631\u064A\u062E \u0627\u0644\u062D\u062F\u064A\u062B \u062D\u064A\u062B \u0642\u064F\u062A\u0644 \u0641\u064A \u0648\u0642\u062A \u0633\u064A\u0637\u0631\u062A\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064A\u0642\u064A\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062B\u0631 \u0645\u0646 10 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064A\u064A\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060C \u0642\u0627\u062F \u0644\u064A\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u062F \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0627\u0646\u064A \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0647\u0648\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u062A\u0637\u0648\u064A\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062D\u0648\u0636 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u063A\u0648\u060C \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064A\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0644\u062A\u0634\u0643\u064A\u0644 \u062F\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u063A\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1885\u060C \u0648\u0636\u0645\u062A \u0644\u0628\u0644\u062C\u064A\u0643\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1908 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u063A\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062C\u064A\u0643\u064A\u0629 (\u062A\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u064A\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u063A\u0648 \u0643\u064A\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0633\u0627)."@ar . . "\u5229\u5967\u6CE2\u5FB7\u4E8C\u4E16\uFF081835\u5E744\u67089\u65E5\uFF0D1909\u5E7412\u670817\u65E5\uFF09\uFF0C\u5168\u540D\u5229\u5967\u6CE2\u5FB7\u00B7\u8DEF\u6613\u00B7\u83F2\u5229\u666E\u00B7\u99AC\u91CC\u00B7\u7EF4\u514B\u591A\uFF08\u6CD5\u8A9E\uFF1AL\u00E9opold Louis Philippe Marie Victor\uFF1B\u8377\u862D\u8A9E\uFF1ALeopold Lodewijk Filips Maria Victor\uFF09\uFF0C1865\u5E74\u7E7C\u627F\u7236\u89AA\u5229\u5967\u6CE2\u5FB7\u4E00\u4E16\u6210\u70BA\u6BD4\u5229\u6642\u570B\u738B\u3002\u4ED6\u662F\u525B\u679C\u81EA\u7531\u90A6\u7684\u5275\u7ACB\u4EBA\u548C\u64C1\u6709\u8005\u3002 \u5229\u5965\u6CE2\u5FB7\u4E8C\u4E16\u662F\u6B27\u6D32\u8FD1\u4EE3\u53F2\u4E0A\u81ED\u540D\u662D\u8457\u7684\u66B4\u541B\u3002\u5FB7\u610F\u5FD7\u7687\u5E1D\u5A01\u5EC9\u4E8C\u4E16\u8A55\u8AD6\u4ED6\u662F\u201C\u96C6\u6492\u65E6\u8207\u746A\u9580(Mammon\uFF0C\u8CAA\u5A6A\u4E4B\u5047\u795E) \u65BC\u4E00\u8EAB\u7684\u50A2\u4F19\u201D\uFF0C\u66FE\u4E0B\u4EE4\u8650\u6BBA\u525B\u679C\u4EBA\u9054\u6578\u767E\u842C\u52301500\u842C\u4EBA\u3002"@zh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Leopold Lodewijk Filips Maria Victor (Brussel, 9 april 1835 \u2013 Laken, 17 december 1909), prins van Belgi\u00EB, hertog van Saksen, prins van Saksen-Coburg en Gotha, hertog van Brabant en senator, was de tweede koning der Belgen. Hij was de tweede, maar de oudste overlevende zoon van Leopold I van Belgi\u00EB en Louise Marie van Orl\u00E9ans. Hij volgde op 17 december 1865 zijn vader op en bleef koning tot zijn dood. Leopold II was ook de stichter, eigenaar en soeverein van de Onafhankelijke Congostaat (of Congo-Vrijstaat), zijn priv\u00E9-project. Dit werd hem toegezegd door de Koloniale Conferentie van Berlijn. Ten tijde van zijn koningschap zijn er veel gruweldaden in Congo-Vrijstaat gepleegd, waardoor zijn nalatenschap omstreden is."@nl . . . "1865-12-17"^^ . . . . . . . . . ""@en . . "Leopold II av Belgien (franska: L\u00E9opold Louis Philippe Marie Victor, flaml\u00E4ndska: Leopold Lodewijk Filips Maria Victor), f\u00F6dd 9 april 1835 i Bryssel, d\u00F6d 17 december 1909 i Laeken i Bryssel, var belgarnas kung fr\u00E5n 1865 till sin d\u00F6d 1909. Han var son till Leopold I av Belgien och Marie Louise av Frankrike. Leopold II skapade Kongostaten, ett av honom sj\u00E4lv kontrollerat territorium vars brutala styre gjorde att staten Belgien tog \u00F6ver styret 1908 efter internationella protester. Han tillskansade sig en f\u00F6rm\u00F6genhet fr\u00E5n territoriet, ursprungligen genom insamling av elfenben. Efter en h\u00F6jning av priset p\u00E5 naturgummi p\u00E5 1890-talet f\u00F6rslavades den inf\u00F6dda befolkningen och tvingades att sk\u00F6rda och bearbeta gummi. De m\u00E4n, kvinnor och barn som inte kunde fylla sin gummikvot fick h\u00E4nderna avhuggna. Det uppskattas att mellan 1 och 15 miljoner m\u00E4nniskor dog under perioden. Leopold II \u00E4r \u00E4ven k\u00E4nd f\u00F6r sitt skandal\u00F6sa privatliv och f\u00F6r de m\u00E5nga byggnader i Belgien som byggdes under hans regeringstid."@sv . "Leopold II Koburg"@pl . . . . . . . . . "Laeken, Brussels, Belgium"@en . . . . . "Leopold II. (* 9. April 1835 in Br\u00FCssel; \u2020 17. Dezember 1909 auf Schloss Laeken, Br\u00FCssel; eigentlich Leopold Ludwig Philipp Maria Viktor, franz\u00F6sisch L\u00E9opold Louis Philippe Marie Victor, niederl\u00E4ndisch Leopold Lodewijk Filips Maria Victor) aus dem Haus Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha war bis 1865 Herzog von Brabant und Prinz von Belgien und folgte seinem Vater Leopold I. auf den Thron des K\u00F6nigreichs Belgien. Von 1865 bis 1909 war er K\u00F6nig der Belgier. Leopold war Anh\u00E4nger kolonialistischer Ideen und gr\u00FCndete in Zentralafrika den offiziell eigenst\u00E4ndigen Kongo-Freistaat, dessen absoluter Monarch und pers\u00F6nlicher Eigent\u00FCmer er von 1876/1885 bis 1908 war. Zu dieser Zeit wurde aus dem Kongo vor allem Elfenbein und Kautschuk exportiert. Die einheimische Bev\u00F6lkerung wurde dabei grausam misshandelt und ausgebeutet. Wie viele Menschen bei den \u201EKongogr\u00E4ueln\u201C ums Leben kamen, ist umstritten. Adam Hochschild, ein US-amerikanischer Journalist, der sich mit der Kolonialzeit in Belgisch-Kongo intensiv auseinandergesetzt hat, nannte in einem 1998 erschienenen Buch die Sch\u00E4tzung \u201Ezehn Millionen Opfer\u201C. Der Historiker Christoph Driessen bezeichnet diese Zahl in seiner \u201EGeschichte Belgiens\u201C dagegen als \u201Enicht belegt\u201C, spricht aber von einem \u201EVerbrechen von apokalyptischen Ausma\u00DFen\u201C. 1908 wurde das riesige Territorium Eigentum des belgischen Staates und im Zuge dessen in Belgisch-Kongo umbenannt. Sch\u00E4tzungen f\u00FCr den R\u00FCckgang der kongolesischen Bev\u00F6lkerung reichen von 1,5 bis 13 Millionen. Zu den Ursachen geh\u00F6rten regelrechte T\u00F6tungen, Hungersn\u00F6te, Krankheiten und eine sinkende Geburtenrate."@de . . . "1853-08-22"^^ . . . . . . . "1909-12-17"^^ . . . "1902-09-19"^^ . "\u041B\u0435\u043E\u043F\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0434 II (\u043A\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043B\u044C \u0411\u0435\u043B\u044C\u0433\u0438\u0438)"@ru . . . . . . "\uB808\uC624\uD3F4 \uB8E8\uC774 \uD544\uB9AC\uD504 \uB9C8\uB9AC \uBE45\uD1A0\uB974(\uD504\uB791\uC2A4\uC5B4: L\u00E9opold Louis Philippe Marie Victor , \uB124\uB35C\uB780\uB4DC\uC5B4: Leopold Lodewijk Filips Maria Victor \uB808\uC624\uD3F4\uD2B8 \uB85C\uB370\uBCA0\uC774\uD06C \uD544\uB9BD\uC2A4 \uB9C8\uB9AC\uC544 \uBE45\uD1A0\uB974[*], 1835\uB144 4\uC6D4 9\uC77C ~ 1909\uB144 12\uC6D4 17\uC77C)\uB294 \uBCA8\uAE30\uC5D0 \uC655\uAD6D\uC758 2\uB300 \uAD6D\uC655 (1865\uB144 ~ 1909\uB144)\uC774\uB2E4. \uADF8\uB294 \uB3C5\uB9BD\uD55C \uBCA8\uAE30\uC5D0\uC758 \uCD08\uB300 \uAD6D\uC655\uC778 \uBD80\uCE5C \uB808\uC624\uD3F4 1\uC138\uC758 \uB4A4\uB97C \uC774\uC5B4 1865\uB144 \uC655\uC704\uC5D0 \uC62C\uB77C \uC790\uC2E0\uC758 \uC0AC\uB9DD\uAE4C\uC9C0 \uAD6D\uC655\uC73C\uB85C \uB0A8\uC558\uB2E4. \uADF8\uB294 \uBA55\uC2DC\uCF54\uC758 \uD669\uD6C4 \uC0E4\uB97C\uB85C\uD2B8\uC758 \uC624\uBE60\uC774\uC790 \uBE45\uD1A0\uB9AC\uC544 \uC5EC\uC655\uC5D0\uAC8C \uC0AC\uCD0C\uC774\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uBCA8\uAE30\uC5D0\uC758 \uC678\uBD80\uC5D0 \uADF8\uB294 \uAC15\uC81C \uB178\uB3D9\uC5D0 \uC758\uC874\uD55C \uACE0\uBB34\uC640 \uC0C1\uC544\uB97C \uBF51\uC544\uB0B4\uB294 \uB370 \uAD6D\uC655\uC5D0 \uC758\uD558\uC5EC \uC218\uD589\uB41C \uAC1C\uC778 \uD504\uB85C\uC81D\uD2B8\uC778 \uCF69\uACE0 \uB3C5\uB9BD\uAD6D\uC758 \uCC3D\uB9BD\uC790\uC774\uC790 \uB2E8\uB3C5 \uC18C\uC720\uC790\uB85C \uC8FC\uB85C \uAE30\uC5B5\uB41C\uB2E4."@ko . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u041B\u0435\u043E\u043F\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0434 II (\u0444\u0440. L\u00E9opold II; 9 \u043A\u0432\u0456\u0442\u043D\u044F 1835 \u2014 17 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043D\u044F 1909) \u2014 \u043A\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043B\u044C \u0431\u0435\u043B\u044C\u0433\u0456\u0439\u0446\u0456\u0432 \u0437 17 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043D\u044F 1865 \u0440\u043E\u043A\u0443, \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043D\u0438\u043A \u0421\u0430\u043A\u0441\u0435\u043D-\u041A\u043E\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0437\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0457 \u0434\u0438\u043D\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0456\u0457, \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0439, \u0430\u043B\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0437 \u0442\u0438\u0445, \u0445\u0442\u043E \u0432\u0438\u0436\u0438\u0432, \u0441\u0438\u043D \u041B\u0435\u043E\u043F\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0434\u0430 I \u0456 \u041B\u0443\u0457\u0437\u0438 \u041C\u0430\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u041E\u0440\u043B\u0435\u0430\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0457. \u041A\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043B\u044C \u041B\u0435\u043E\u043F\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0434 II \u043D\u0435\u0441\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043F\u043E\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043D\u044C\u043E \u043F\u0440\u044F\u043C\u0443 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043F\u043E\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0437\u0430 \u0433\u0435\u043D\u043E\u0446\u0438\u0434 \u043A\u043E\u0440\u0456\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043D\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043B\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u00AB\u0412\u0456\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0438 \u041A\u043E\u043D\u0433\u043E\u00BB. \u0411\u0435\u043B\u044C\u0433\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0430 \u043A\u043E\u043B\u043E\u043D\u0456\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0430 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0456\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0430 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u043B\u0430 \u0434\u043E \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0431\u0435\u043B\u0456 \u0431\u043B\u0438\u0437\u044C\u043A\u043E 10 \u043C\u0456\u043B\u044C\u0439\u043E\u043D\u0456\u0432 \u0430\u0444\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0446\u0456\u0432."@uk . . "Leopold II"@en . . . . . . . "Governors-general"@en . . . . . "1840"^^ . . . . . . . . "Leopold II, w\u0142a\u015Bc. Leopold Ludwik Filip Maria Wiktor (ur. 9 kwietnia 1835 w Brukseli, zm. 17 grudnia 1909 w Laeken) \u2013 kr\u00F3l Belg\u00F3w w latach 1865\u20131909, z dynastii Koburg\u00F3w; przedstawiciel , w\u0142a\u015Bciciel Konga, w kt\u00F3rym doprowadzi\u0142 do \u015Bmierci co najmniej kilku milion\u00F3w mieszka\u0144c\u00F3w tego kraju wskutek niewolniczej pracy i mord\u00F3w."@pl . . . . . . . . . . "Leopold II av Belgien"@sv . . . . . . . . . . . "57731"^^ . . . . . . "Leopold II. (Belgien)"@de . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Cl\u00E9mentine, Princess Napol\u00E9on"@en . . . "Leopold II. Belgick\u00FD (9. dubna 1835, Brusel \u2013 17. prosince 1909, Laeken) byl v letech 1865 a\u017E 1909 druh\u00FDm kr\u00E1lem Belgi\u010Dan\u016F a v letech 1885 a\u017E 1908 autokratick\u00FDm vl\u00E1dcem Svobodn\u00E9ho st\u00E1tu Kongo. Leopold se narodil v Bruselu jako druh\u00FD, ale nejstar\u0161\u00ED p\u0159e\u017Eiv\u0161\u00ED syn Leopolda I. a Luisy Orl\u00E9\u00E1nsk\u00E9. N\u00E1sledn\u00EDkem sv\u00E9ho otce na belgick\u00E9m tr\u016Fn\u011B se stal 1865 a vl\u00E1dl p\u0159esn\u011B 44 let a\u017E do sv\u00E9 smrti, co\u017E byla dosud nejdel\u0161\u00ED vl\u00E1da belgick\u00E9ho panovn\u00EDka. Zem\u0159el, ani\u017E zanechal legitimn\u00ED syny. Sou\u010Dasn\u00FD belgick\u00FD kr\u00E1l je potomkem Leopoldova synovce a n\u00E1stupce Alberta I. V Belgii je popul\u00E1rn\u011B ozna\u010Dov\u00E1n jako \u201Ekr\u00E1l stavitel\u201C (holandsky: Koning-Bouwheer, francouzsky: Roi-B\u00E2tisseur) s odkazem na velk\u00E9 mno\u017Estv\u00ED budov, urbanistick\u00FDch projekt\u016F a ve\u0159ejn\u00FDch pr\u00E1c\u00ED, kter\u00E9 zadal. Leopold byl zakladatelem a jedin\u00FDm vlastn\u00EDkem Svobodn\u00E9ho st\u00E1tu Kongo, soukrom\u00E9ho projektu podniknut\u00E9ho jeho jm\u00E9nem jako person\u00E1ln\u00ED unie s Belgi\u00ED. Vyu\u017Eil Henryho Mortona Stanleyho, aby mu pomohl vzn\u00E9st n\u00E1rok na Kongo, dne\u0161n\u00ED Demokratickou republiku Kongo. Na berl\u00EDnsk\u00E9 konferenci v letech 1884\u20131885 mu koloni\u00E1ln\u00ED n\u00E1rody Evropy jeho n\u00E1rok schv\u00E1lily s Svobodn\u00FD st\u00E1t Kongo mu sv\u011B\u0159ily. Leopold Kongo \u0159\u00EDdil pomoc\u00ED \u017Eoldn\u00E9\u0159sk\u00E9 Force Publique pro sv\u016Fj osobn\u00ED zisk. Z \u00FAzem\u00ED t\u011B\u017Eil jm\u011Bn\u00ED; zpo\u010D\u00E1tku slonovinu a po zdra\u017Een\u00ED p\u0159\u00EDrodn\u00EDho kau\u010Duku v 90. letech 19. stolet\u00ED nucenou prac\u00ED domorod\u00E9ho obyvatelstva ke sklizni a zpracov\u00E1n\u00ED kau\u010Duku. Leopoldova administrativa Svobodn\u00E9ho st\u00E1tu Kongo se vyzna\u010Dovala zv\u011Brstvy a systematickou brutalitou, v\u010Detn\u011B nucen\u00FDch prac\u00ED, mu\u010Den\u00ED, vra\u017Ed, \u00FAnos\u016F a amputac\u00ED rukou mu\u017E\u016F, \u017Een i d\u011Bt\u00ED, kdy\u017E nebyla dodr\u017Eena kv\u00F3ta kau\u010Duku. V roce 1890 a v jednom z prvn\u00EDch pou\u017Eit\u00ED tohoto term\u00EDnu popsal praktiky Leopoldovy administrativy Svobodn\u00E9ho st\u00E1tu Kongo jako \u201Ezlo\u010Diny proti lidskosti\u201C. Tyto a dal\u0161\u00ED skute\u010Dnosti byly zji\u0161t\u011Bny za Leopoldovy vl\u00E1dy v\u00FDpov\u011B\u010Fmi o\u010Dit\u00FDch sv\u011Bdk\u016F, mezin\u00E1rodn\u00ED vy\u0161et\u0159ovac\u00ED komis\u00ED prohl\u00EDdkou na m\u00EDst\u011B, investigativn\u00ED \u017Eurnalistikou a aktivismem E. D. Morela a Casement Reportem z roku 1904. I kdy\u017E bylo obt\u00ED\u017En\u00E9 p\u0159esn\u011B odhadnout p\u0159edkoloni\u00E1ln\u00ED populaci a mno\u017Estv\u00ED, o kter\u00E9 se zm\u011Bnilo za Svobodn\u00E9ho st\u00E1tu Kongo, odhady poklesu kon\u017Esk\u00E9 populace b\u011Bhem Leopoldovy vl\u00E1dy se pohybuj\u00ED od 1 do 15 milion\u016F. Mezi p\u0159\u00ED\u010Diny poklesu pat\u0159ily epidemick\u00E9 nemoci, n\u00E1siln\u00E9 \u010Diny p\u00E1chan\u00E9 re\u017Eimem, t\u011B\u017Ek\u00FD hladomor zp\u016Fsoben\u00FD jedn\u00E1n\u00EDm re\u017Eimu a n\u00EDzk\u00E1 porodnost b\u011Bhem nejhor\u0161\u00EDho kau\u010Dokov\u00E9ho teroru (v obdob\u00ED od roku 1896 do roku 1903). V roce 1908 zpr\u00E1vy o \u00FAmrt\u00EDch a zneu\u017E\u00EDv\u00E1n\u00ED spolu s tlakem Congo Reform Association a dal\u0161\u00EDch mezin\u00E1rodn\u00EDch skupin p\u0159im\u011Bly belgickou vl\u00E1du, aby spr\u00E1vu Konga od Leopolda p\u0159evzala b\u011Bhem p\u0159edposledn\u00EDho roku jeho vl\u00E1dy. Svobodn\u00FD st\u00E1t Kongo tak byl obnoven jako nov\u00E9 \u00FAzem\u00ED, Belgick\u00E9 Kongo."@cs . . . . . . . . . . "Leopold II av Belgien (franska: L\u00E9opold Louis Philippe Marie Victor, flaml\u00E4ndska: Leopold Lodewijk Filips Maria Victor), f\u00F6dd 9 april 1835 i Bryssel, d\u00F6d 17 december 1909 i Laeken i Bryssel, var belgarnas kung fr\u00E5n 1865 till sin d\u00F6d 1909. Han var son till Leopold I av Belgien och Marie Louise av Frankrike. Leopold II \u00E4r \u00E4ven k\u00E4nd f\u00F6r sitt skandal\u00F6sa privatliv och f\u00F6r de m\u00E5nga byggnader i Belgien som byggdes under hans regeringstid."@sv . . . . . . . . . "Leopold II van Belgi\u00EB"@nl . . . . . . . "Leopold II"@en . . . . "\u0644\u064A\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u062F \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0627\u0646\u064A (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064A\u0629: L\u00E9opold II)\u200F \u062B\u0627\u0646\u064A \u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0628\u0644\u062C\u064A\u0643\u0627. \u062D\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u064A\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064A (1865 \u06481909)\u060C \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u064A\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u062F \u0644\u0648\u064A\u0633 \u0641\u064A\u0644\u064A\u0628 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u064A \u0641\u064A\u0643\u062A\u0648\u0631\u060C \u0648\u0644\u062F \u0628\u062A\u0627\u0631\u064A\u062E 9 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064A\u0644 1835 \u0641\u064A \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633\u0644\u060C \u0648\u062A\u0648\u0641\u064A \u0628\u062A\u0627\u0631\u064A\u062E 17 \u062F\u064A\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 1909 \u0641\u064A \u0644\u0627\u064A\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064A \u0628\u0644\u062C\u064A\u0643\u0627. \u0623\u062D\u062F \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u0631\u062A\u0643\u0628\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062C\u0627\u0632\u0631 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0627\u0631\u064A\u062E \u0627\u0644\u062D\u062F\u064A\u062B \u062D\u064A\u062B \u0642\u064F\u062A\u0644 \u0641\u064A \u0648\u0642\u062A \u0633\u064A\u0637\u0631\u062A\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064A\u0642\u064A\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062B\u0631 \u0645\u0646 10 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064A\u064A\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060C \u0642\u0627\u062F \u0644\u064A\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u062F \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0627\u0646\u064A \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0647\u0648\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u062A\u0637\u0648\u064A\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062D\u0648\u0636 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u063A\u0648\u060C \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064A\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0644\u062A\u0634\u0643\u064A\u0644 \u062F\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u063A\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1885\u060C \u0648\u0636\u0645\u062A \u0644\u0628\u0644\u062C\u064A\u0643\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1908 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u063A\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062C\u064A\u0643\u064A\u0629 (\u062A\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u064A\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u063A\u0648 \u0643\u064A\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0633\u0627)."@ar . . . "L\u00E9opold Louis Philippe Marie Victor"@en . . "Prince Leopold, Duke of Brabant"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "1885-07-01"^^ . . "L\u00E9opold II (bahasa Prancis: L\u00E9opold Louis Philippe Marie Victor de Saxe-Cobourg et Gotha, bahasa Belanda: Leopold Lodewijk Filips Maria Victor van Saxe-Coburg en Gotha, bahasa Jerman: Leopold Ludwig Philipp Maria Viktor von Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha; 9 April 1835 \u2013 17 Desember 1909) adalah raja Belgia. Ia lahir sebagai anak kedua L\u00E9opold I dan mewarisi kekuasaan ayahnya pada tahun 1865 dan menjadi raja sampai kematiannya. Ia adalah saudara kandung Charlotte dari Belgia dan sepupu pertama Ratu Victoria. Leopold II banyak diingat sebagai pendiri dan pemilik tunggal Negara Bebas Kongo, proyek pribadi yang dijalankan oleh raja. Ia memanfaatkan Henry Morton Stanley untuk membantunya meletakkan klaim atas Kongo, sekarang Republik Demokrasi Kongo. Dalam Konferensi Berlin, para raja Eropa setuju untuk mendirikan Negara Bebas pada tahun 1885, dengan syarat penduduknya digiring ke dunia modern dan semua bangsa diizinkan berdagang dengan bebas. Namun, dari awal, L\u00E9opold tak mengindahkan syarat-syarat tersebut dan memerintah Kongo dengan brutal dengan yang dilimpahkan kepada untuk keuntungannya sendiri. Ia mengambil keuntungan pribadi dari Kongo, awalnya dengan pengumpulan gading, dan setelah naiknya harga karet pada tahun 1890-an, ia memaksa penduduk asli mengumpulkan getah karet. Pemerintahannya yang kejam bertanggung jawab secara (tidak) langsung atas kematian jutaan orang. Kongo menjadi salah satu skandal internasional pada awal abad ke-20, dan akhirnya L\u00E9opold II terpaksa menyerahkan kendalinya kepada ."@in . . . . . . . . . . "Leopoldo II.a Belgikakoa (Brusela, 1835eko apirilaren 9a - , Brusela, 1909ko abenduaren 17a) belgikarren erregea izan zen 1865-1909 bitartean. Belgikar Inperio Kolonialaren sortzailea izan zen. Kongoko herritarren kontra bere agintepean sortutako hertsapen eta egindako sarraskiengatik, Leopoldo II.a genozidatzat jotzen da."@eu . . . . "L\u00E9opold II, de son nom L\u00E9opold Louis-Philippe Marie Victor de Saxe-Cobourg-Gotha, n\u00E9 le 9 avril 1835 au palais royal de Bruxelles (en Belgique) et mort le 17 d\u00E9cembre 1909 au ch\u00E2teau de Laeken (dans le m\u00EAme pays), est le deuxi\u00E8me roi des Belges (du 17 d\u00E9cembre 1865 au 17 d\u00E9cembre 1909), prince de Belgique, duc de Saxe, prince de Saxe-Cobourg et Gotha, duc de Brabant (1840-1865), fondateur de l'\u00C9tat ind\u00E9pendant du Congo (1885-1908). Il succ\u00E8de \u00E0 son p\u00E8re, L\u00E9opold Ier, au tr\u00F4ne de Belgique en 1865. Par sa m\u00E8re Louise d'Orl\u00E9ans, il est le petit-fils de Louis-Philippe Ier, roi des Fran\u00E7ais. Il est le fr\u00E8re de Charlotte, imp\u00E9ratrice consort du Mexique."@fr . . "1835-04-09"^^ . . . . . "Leopoldo II del Belgio, nome completo Leopoldo Luigi Filippo Maria Vittorio di Sassonia-Coburgo-Gotha, in francese L\u00E9opold Louis Philippe Marie Victor de Saxe Cobourg-Gotha, in fiammingo Leopold Lodewijk Filips Maria Victor de Saxe Cobourg-Gotha (Bruxelles, 9 aprile 1835 \u2013 Laeken, 17 dicembre 1909), principe del Belgio, duca di Brabante, fu re dei Belgi dal 10 dicembre 1865 fino alla sua morte. \u00C8 ricordato prevalentemente per la fondazione e la brutale amministrazione dello Stato Libero del Congo, progetto che egli port\u00F2 avanti quasi da privato cittadino. Si rivolse a Henry Morton Stanley per aiutarlo nella gestione dello stato e alla Conferenza di Berlino del 1884-1885 il Belgio fu in grado di presenziare col proprio impero coloniale in continua espansione, nella totale mancanza di rispetto dei costumi e delle tradizioni locali. Leopoldo estrasse una grande fortuna dal Congo, inizialmente con l'esportazione di avorio, poi forzando la popolazione locale a trarre gomma dalle piante. Interi villaggi vennero requisiti per farne luoghi di deposito e lavorazione della gomma stessa, causando la morte di un numero stimato tra 1 e 15 milioni di congolesi, con le stime pi\u00F9 accreditate di 10 milioni, su una popolazione totale di 25 milioni. L'amministrazione del Congo da parte di Leopoldo II viene ancora oggi ricordata come uno dei crimini internazionali pi\u00F9 infamanti del XIX secolo e lo stesso sovrano, dopo le accuse da parte di funzionari inglesi e le proteste da parte di liberali, progressisti, socialisti, artisti, letterati e figure religiose, venne poi costretto a cedere la sovranit\u00E0 dello stato e la sua amministrazione al governo belga, che resse la colonia ancora per mezzo secolo."@it . . . . "\u041B\u0435\u043E\u043F\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0434 II (\u0444\u0440. 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"Roman Catholicism"@en . . . . . . "Leopold II, w\u0142a\u015Bc. Leopold Ludwik Filip Maria Wiktor (ur. 9 kwietnia 1835 w Brukseli, zm. 17 grudnia 1909 w Laeken) \u2013 kr\u00F3l Belg\u00F3w w latach 1865\u20131909, z dynastii Koburg\u00F3w; przedstawiciel , w\u0142a\u015Bciciel Konga, w kt\u00F3rym doprowadzi\u0142 do \u015Bmierci co najmniej kilku milion\u00F3w mieszka\u0144c\u00F3w tego kraju wskutek niewolniczej pracy i mord\u00F3w."@pl . . . . . . 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""@en . . "Leopold II (French: L\u00E9opold Louis Philippe Marie Victor, Dutch: Leopold Lodewijk Filips Maria Victor; 9 April 1835 \u2013 17 December 1909) was the second King of the Belgians from 1865 to 1909 and the self-made autocratic ruler of the Congo Free State from 1885 to 1908."@en . . . . "\u30EC\u30AA\u30DD\u30EB\u30C92\u4E16\uFF08\u30D5\u30E9\u30F3\u30B9\u8A9E: L\u00E9opold II\u30011835\u5E744\u67089\u65E5 - 1909\u5E7412\u670817\u65E5\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u7B2C2\u4EE3\u30D9\u30EB\u30AE\u30FC\u56FD\u738B\uFF08\u5728\u4F4D\uFF1A1865\u5E74 - 1909\u5E74\uFF09\u3002 \u521D\u4EE3\u30D9\u30EB\u30AE\u30FC\u56FD\u738B\u30EC\u30AA\u30DD\u30EB\u30C91\u4E16\u306E\u738B\u592A\u5B50\u3068\u3057\u3066\u751F\u307E\u308C\u30011865\u5E74\u306B\u7236\u738B\u306E\u5D29\u5FA1\u306B\u4F34\u3044\u5373\u4F4D\u3002\u30EC\u30AA\u30DD\u30EB\u30C92\u4E16\u306E\u5728\u4F4D\u4E2D\u30011884\u5E74\u307E\u3067\u306F\u3001\u305D\u308C\u4EE5\u964D\u306F\u304C\u653F\u6A29\u3092\u62C5\u5F53\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305F\u3002\u30D9\u30EB\u30AE\u30FC\u7D4C\u6E08\u306F\u7236\u738B\u306E\u4EE3\u304B\u3089\u5F15\u304D\u7D9A\u3044\u3066\u6025\u901F\u306B\u6210\u9577\u3092\u9042\u3052\u305F\u304C\u3001\u52B4\u50CD\u8005\u968E\u7D1A\u306E\u793E\u4F1A\u4E0D\u5B89\u3082\u5897\u52A0\u3002\u5728\u4F4D\u5F8C\u534A\u306B\u306F\u304C\u53F0\u982D\u3057\u305F\u3053\u3068\u3067\u69D8\u3005\u306A\u793E\u4F1A\u6539\u9769\u304C\u884C\u308F\u308C\u305F\u3002 \u5373\u4F4D\u524D\u304B\u3089\u690D\u6C11\u5730\u7372\u5F97\u306B\u5F37\u3044\u95A2\u5FC3\u3092\u6301\u3061\u3001\u4ED6\u306E\u5217\u5F37\u306E\u652F\u914D\u304C\u53CA\u3093\u3067\u3044\u306A\u3044\u30B3\u30F3\u30B4\u306B\u76EE\u3092\u4ED8\u3051\u3001\u30B3\u30F3\u30B4\u56FD\u969B\u5354\u4F1A\u3092\u5275\u8A2D\u3057\u3066\u63A2\u691C\u3092\u652F\u63F4\u3002\u5148\u4F4F\u6C11\u306E\u90E8\u65CF\u9577\u3068\u5354\u5B9A\u3092\u7D50\u3076\u306A\u3069\u30B3\u30F3\u30B4\u652F\u914D\u306E\u65E2\u6210\u4E8B\u5B9F\u5316\u3092\u9032\u3081\u305F\u3002\u305D\u306E\u7D50\u679C\u30011884\u5E74\u306E\u30D9\u30EB\u30EA\u30F3\u4F1A\u8B70\u306B\u3066\u30B3\u30F3\u30B4\u3092\u79C1\u6709\u5730\u3068\u3057\u3066\u7D71\u6CBB\u3059\u308B\u3053\u3068\u3092\u5217\u5F37\u304B\u3089\u8A8D\u3081\u3089\u308C\u305F\uFF08\u30B3\u30F3\u30B4\u81EA\u7531\u56FD\uFF09\u3002 \u30B3\u30F3\u30B4\u306B\u304A\u3051\u308B\u6CBB\u4E16\u306E\u521D\u671F\u306F\u3001\u9244\u9053\u6577\u8A2D\u3084\u30A2\u30E9\u30D6\u4EBA\u5974\u96B7\u5546\u4EBA\u306B\u3088\u308B\u5974\u96B7\u72E9\u308A\u304B\u3089\u9ED2\u4EBA\u3092\u5B88\u308B\u306A\u3069\u3001\u30B3\u30F3\u30B4\u306E\u8FD1\u4EE3\u5316\u306B\u52AA\u3081\u308B\u9762\u3082\u3042\u3063\u305F\u304C\u3001\u5148\u4F4F\u6C11\u3092\u9177\u4F7F\u3057\u3066\u5929\u7136\u30B4\u30E0\u306E\u751F\u7523\u5897\u3092\u56F3\u308A\u3001\u30A4\u30AE\u30EA\u30B9\u306A\u3069\u304B\u3089\u5148\u4F4F\u6C11\u306B\u5BFE\u3059\u308B\u6B8B\u8650\u884C\u70BA\u3092\u6279\u5224\u3055\u308C\u30011908\u5E74\u306B\u306F\u30B3\u30F3\u30B4\u3092\u30D9\u30EB\u30AE\u30FC\u56FD\u5BB6\u3078\u59D4\u8B72\u3059\u308B\u3053\u3068\u3092\u4F59\u5100\u306A\u304F\u3055\u308C\u305F\uFF08\u738B\u306E\u79C1\u9818\u304B\u3089\u30D9\u30EB\u30AE\u30FC\u690D\u6C11\u5730\u3078\u306E\u8EE2\u63DB\uFF09\u3002 1909\u5E74\u306B\u5D29\u5FA1\u3002\u5AE1\u51FA\u5B50\u306E\u7537\u5B50\u304C\u306A\u304F\u3001\u7525\u306E\u30A2\u30EB\u30D9\u30FC\u30EB1\u4E16\u304C\u738B\u4F4D\u3092\u7D99\u3044\u3060\u3002"@ja . . "Leopold II de B\u00E8lgica (Brussel\u00B7les, 1835 - Laeken, 1909) va ser el segon rei dels belgues, despr\u00E9s del seu pare Leopold I de B\u00E8lgica, entre 1865 i 1909. \u00C9s conegut principalment per les atrocitats i l'explotaci\u00F3 de l'Estat Lliure del Congo, que va fundar, organitzar i explotar com a \u00FAnic propietari i pel seu benefici personal."@ca . . "Bh\u00ED Leopold II (9 Aibre\u00E1n 1835 \u2013 17 Nollaig 1909) ina r\u00ED ar an Beilg."@ga . . . . . . . . . . "Leopold Lodewijk Filips Maria Victor"@en . "Royal portrait,"@en . . . . . "L\u00E9opold II, de son nom L\u00E9opold Louis-Philippe Marie Victor de Saxe-Cobourg-Gotha, n\u00E9 le 9 avril 1835 au palais royal de Bruxelles (en Belgique) et mort le 17 d\u00E9cembre 1909 au ch\u00E2teau de Laeken (dans le m\u00EAme pays), est le deuxi\u00E8me roi des Belges (du 17 d\u00E9cembre 1865 au 17 d\u00E9cembre 1909), prince de Belgique, duc de Saxe, prince de Saxe-Cobourg et Gotha, duc de Brabant (1840-1865), fondateur de l'\u00C9tat ind\u00E9pendant du Congo (1885-1908). Il succ\u00E8de \u00E0 son p\u00E8re, L\u00E9opold Ier, au tr\u00F4ne de Belgique en 1865. Par sa m\u00E8re Louise d'Orl\u00E9ans, il est le petit-fils de Louis-Philippe Ier, roi des Fran\u00E7ais. Il est le fr\u00E8re de Charlotte, imp\u00E9ratrice consort du Mexique. L\u00E9opold II a \u00E9t\u00E9 le fondateur et seul propri\u00E9taire de l'\u00C9tat ind\u00E9pendant du Congo, un projet priv\u00E9 pris de sa propre initiative comme une union personnelle avec la Belgique. Gr\u00E2ce aux exp\u00E9ditions de Henry Morton Stanley, il a r\u00E9ussi \u00E0 le faire reconna\u00EEtre \u00E0 la conf\u00E9rence de Berlin de 1884-1885, tout en le consid\u00E9rant et en l'administrant comme sa propri\u00E9t\u00E9 personnelle. L\u00E9opold II a dirig\u00E9 le pays en utilisant les mercenaires de la Force publique. Il a extrait une fortune du territoire, d'abord de l'ivoire et ensuite du caoutchouc par le travail forc\u00E9 de la population indig\u00E8ne. L\u2019administration par L\u00E9opold II de l'\u00C9tat libre du Congo a \u00E9t\u00E9 caract\u00E9ris\u00E9e par des atrocit\u00E9s et une brutalit\u00E9 syst\u00E9matique, incluant tortures, meurtres et l'amputation des mains d'hommes, femmes et enfants quand les quotas de production de caoutchouc n'\u00E9taient pas atteints. En 1890, George Washington Williams utilise le terme de \u00AB crimes contre l'humanit\u00E9 \u00BB pour d\u00E9crire les pratiques de l'administration de L\u00E9opold au Congo. Ceci et d'autres faits ont \u00E9t\u00E9 \u00E9tablis par des t\u00E9moignages directs et une commission d'enqu\u00EAte internationale en 1904. Les estimations modernes du d\u00E9clin de la population congolaise pendant son r\u00E8gne vont de 1 \u00E0 15 millions, avec un consensus autour de 10 millions. Quelques historiens contestent ces chiffres en citant l'absence de recensements fiables, l'\u00E9norme mortalit\u00E9 cr\u00E9\u00E9e par la variole et la maladie du sommeil, et le fait qu'il n'y avait que 175 agents administratifs ou responsables de l'exploitation du caoutchouc. En 1908, les rapports sur les exactions et la pression du Congo Reform Association et d'autres groupes internationaux a incit\u00E9 le gouvernement belge \u00E0 reprendre l'administration du Congo \u00E0 L\u00E9opold dans un nouveau territoire, le Congo belge. L\u00E9opold II est \u00E9galement pass\u00E9 \u00E0 la post\u00E9rit\u00E9 comme le \u00AB roi b\u00E2tisseur \u00BB. Soucieux du d\u00E9veloppement urbain, il a radicalement transform\u00E9 des villes comme Bruxelles ou Ostende, tout en apportant une touche urbanistique moderne \u00E0 Anvers et dans les serres de son domaine de Laeken. Souverain d'un \u00C9tat constitu\u00E9 neutre, mais entour\u00E9 de puissants voisins, il a \u00E9galement pr\u00F4n\u00E9 le d\u00E9veloppement militaire d\u00E9fensif du pays, que ce soit en fortifiant Anvers, Li\u00E8ge ou Namur ou en imposant, la veille de sa mort, une r\u00E9forme du service militaire, en vue de le rendre plus \u00E9galitaire."@fr . . . . . . . . "St\u00E9phanie, Crown Princess of Austria"@en . . "\u041B\u0435\u043E\u043F\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0434 II (\u043A\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043B\u044C \u0411\u0435\u043B\u044C\u0433\u0456\u0457)"@uk . . "#Family"@en . . . . "Leopoldo II del Belgio"@it . . . . . "\u039F \u039B\u03B5\u03BF\u03C0\u03CC\u03BB\u03B4\u03BF\u03C2 \u0392\u0384 (9 \u0391\u03C0\u03C1\u03B9\u03BB\u03AF\u03BF\u03C5 1835 \u2013 17 \u0394\u03B5\u03BA\u03B5\u03BC\u03B2\u03C1\u03AF\u03BF\u03C5 1909) \u03AE\u03C4\u03B1\u03BD \u03BF \u03B4\u03B5\u03CD\u03C4\u03B5\u03C1\u03BF\u03C2 \u0392\u03B1\u03C3\u03B9\u03BB\u03B9\u03AC\u03C2 \u03C4\u03C9\u03BD \u0392\u03AD\u03BB\u03B3\u03C9\u03BD, \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03C4\u03BF 1865 \u03BC\u03AD\u03C7\u03C1\u03B9 \u03C4\u03BF 1909 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9, \u03BC\u03AD\u03C3\u03C9 \u03C4\u03C9\u03BD \u03B4\u03B9\u03BA\u03CE\u03BD \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03B5\u03BD\u03B5\u03C1\u03B3\u03B5\u03B9\u03CE\u03BD, \u03B9\u03B4\u03B9\u03BF\u03BA\u03C4\u03AE\u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC\u03BB\u03C5\u03C4\u03BF\u03C2 \u03B7\u03B3\u03B5\u03BC\u03CC\u03BD\u03B1\u03C2 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u0395\u03BB\u03B5\u03CD\u03B8\u03B5\u03C1\u03B7\u03C2 \u03A0\u03BF\u03BB\u03B9\u03C4\u03B5\u03AF\u03B1\u03C2 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u039A\u03BF\u03BD\u03B3\u03BA\u03CC, \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03C4\u03BF 1885 \u03BC\u03AD\u03C7\u03C1\u03B9 \u03C4\u03BF 1908."@el . . . . . . . . . "Leopold II of Belgium"@en . . . . . "Leopold II (French: L\u00E9opold Louis Philippe Marie Victor, Dutch: Leopold Lodewijk Filips Maria Victor; 9 April 1835 \u2013 17 December 1909) was the second King of the Belgians from 1865 to 1909 and the self-made autocratic ruler of the Congo Free State from 1885 to 1908. Born in Brussels as the second but eldest-surviving son of Leopold I and Louise of Orl\u00E9ans, Leopold succeeded his father to the Belgian throne in 1865 and reigned for exactly 44 years until his death, the longest reign of a Belgian monarch to date. He died without surviving legitimate sons. The current Belgian king descends from his nephew and successor, Albert I. He is popularly referred to as the Builder King (Dutch: Koning-Bouwheer, French: Roi-B\u00E2tisseur) in Belgium in reference to the great number of buildings, urban projects and public works he commissioned. Leopold was the founder and sole owner of the Congo Free State, a private project undertaken on his own behalf as a personal union with Belgium. He used Henry Morton Stanley to help him lay claim to the Congo, the present-day Democratic Republic of the Congo. At the Berlin Conference of 1884\u20131885, the colonial nations of Europe authorised his claim and committed the Congo Free State to him. Leopold ran the Congo by using the mercenary Force Publique for his personal gain. He extracted a fortune from the territory, initially by the collection of ivory and, after a rise in the price of natural rubber in the 1890s, by forced labour from the native population to harvest and process rubber. Leopold's administration of the Congo Free State was characterized by atrocities and systematic brutality, including forced labour, torture, murder, kidnapping, and the amputation of the hands of men, women, and children when the quota of rubber was not met. In 1890 and in one of the first uses of the term, George Washington Williams described the practices of Leopold's administration of the Congo Free State as \"crimes against humanity\". These and other facts were established during Leopold's rule by eyewitness testimony, by on-site inspection from an international commission of inquiry, by the investigative journalism and activism of E. D. Morel, and by the 1904 Casement Report. While it has proven difficult to accurately estimate the pre-colonial population and the amount by which it changed under the Congo Free State, estimates for the Congolese population decline during Leopold's rule range from 1 million to 15 million. The causes of the decline included epidemic disease, acts of violence committed by the regime, severe famine caused by the regime\u2019s actions, and a low birth rate during the worst of the Rubber Terror (in the period from 1896 to 1903). In 1908, the reports of deaths and abuse, along with pressure from the Congo Reform Association and other international groups, induced the Belgian Government to take over the administration of the Congo from Leopold during the penultimate year of his rule. The Congo Free State was thus reconstituted as a new territory, the Belgian Congo."@en . . . "Leopold II. (* 9. April 1835 in Br\u00FCssel; \u2020 17. Dezember 1909 auf Schloss Laeken, Br\u00FCssel; eigentlich Leopold Ludwig Philipp Maria Viktor, franz\u00F6sisch L\u00E9opold Louis Philippe Marie Victor, niederl\u00E4ndisch Leopold Lodewijk Filips Maria Victor) aus dem Haus Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha war bis 1865 Herzog von Brabant und Prinz von Belgien und folgte seinem Vater Leopold I. auf den Thron des K\u00F6nigreichs Belgien. Von 1865 bis 1909 war er K\u00F6nig der Belgier."@de . . . . "Leopold II. Belgick\u00FD (9. dubna 1835, Brusel \u2013 17. prosince 1909, Laeken) byl v letech 1865 a\u017E 1909 druh\u00FDm kr\u00E1lem Belgi\u010Dan\u016F a v letech 1885 a\u017E 1908 autokratick\u00FDm vl\u00E1dcem Svobodn\u00E9ho st\u00E1tu Kongo. Leopold se narodil v Bruselu jako druh\u00FD, ale nejstar\u0161\u00ED p\u0159e\u017Eiv\u0161\u00ED syn Leopolda I. a Luisy Orl\u00E9\u00E1nsk\u00E9. N\u00E1sledn\u00EDkem sv\u00E9ho otce na belgick\u00E9m tr\u016Fn\u011B se stal 1865 a vl\u00E1dl p\u0159esn\u011B 44 let a\u017E do sv\u00E9 smrti, co\u017E byla dosud nejdel\u0161\u00ED vl\u00E1da belgick\u00E9ho panovn\u00EDka. Zem\u0159el, ani\u017E zanechal legitimn\u00ED syny. Sou\u010Dasn\u00FD belgick\u00FD kr\u00E1l je potomkem Leopoldova synovce a n\u00E1stupce Alberta I. V Belgii je popul\u00E1rn\u011B ozna\u010Dov\u00E1n jako \u201Ekr\u00E1l stavitel\u201C (holandsky: Koning-Bouwheer, francouzsky: Roi-B\u00E2tisseur) s odkazem na velk\u00E9 mno\u017Estv\u00ED budov, urbanistick\u00FDch projekt\u016F a ve\u0159ejn\u00FDch pr\u00E1c\u00ED, kter\u00E9 zadal."@cs . . . . . . . "Leopold II na Beilge"@ga . "1865"^^ . . . . . . . . "Leopoldo II.a Belgikakoa (Brusela, 1835eko apirilaren 9a - , Brusela, 1909ko abenduaren 17a) belgikarren erregea izan zen 1865-1909 bitartean. Belgikar Inperio Kolonialaren sortzailea izan zen. Kongoko herritarren kontra bere agintepean sortutako hertsapen eta egindako sarraskiengatik, Leopoldo II.a genozidatzat jotzen da."@eu . . . . . . . ""@en . "1865"^^ . . . ""@en . . "\u5229\u5965\u6CE2\u5FB7\u4E8C\u4E16 (\u6BD4\u5229\u65F6)"@zh . . . . . . . . . ""@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u041B\u0435\u043E\u043F\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0434 II (\u0444\u0440. L\u00E9opold II; 9 \u043A\u0432\u0456\u0442\u043D\u044F 1835 \u2014 17 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043D\u044F 1909) \u2014 \u043A\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043B\u044C \u0431\u0435\u043B\u044C\u0433\u0456\u0439\u0446\u0456\u0432 \u0437 17 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043D\u044F 1865 \u0440\u043E\u043A\u0443, \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043D\u0438\u043A \u0421\u0430\u043A\u0441\u0435\u043D-\u041A\u043E\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0437\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0457 \u0434\u0438\u043D\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0456\u0457, \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0439, \u0430\u043B\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0437 \u0442\u0438\u0445, \u0445\u0442\u043E \u0432\u0438\u0436\u0438\u0432, \u0441\u0438\u043D \u041B\u0435\u043E\u043F\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0434\u0430 I \u0456 \u041B\u0443\u0457\u0437\u0438 \u041C\u0430\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u041E\u0440\u043B\u0435\u0430\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0457. \u041A\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043B\u044C \u041B\u0435\u043E\u043F\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0434 II \u043D\u0435\u0441\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043F\u043E\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043D\u044C\u043E \u043F\u0440\u044F\u043C\u0443 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043F\u043E\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0437\u0430 \u0433\u0435\u043D\u043E\u0446\u0438\u0434 \u043A\u043E\u0440\u0456\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043D\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043B\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u00AB\u0412\u0456\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0438 \u041A\u043E\u043D\u0433\u043E\u00BB. \u0411\u0435\u043B\u044C\u0433\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0430 \u043A\u043E\u043B\u043E\u043D\u0456\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0430 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0456\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0430 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u043B\u0430 \u0434\u043E \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0431\u0435\u043B\u0456 \u0431\u043B\u0438\u0437\u044C\u043A\u043E 10 \u043C\u0456\u043B\u044C\u0439\u043E\u043D\u0456\u0432 \u0430\u0444\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0446\u0456\u0432."@uk . . "\u0644\u064A\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u062F \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0627\u0646\u064A \u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0644\u062C\u064A\u0643\u0627"@ar . . . . . "Leopold II. Belgick\u00FD"@cs . "Louise, Princess Philipp of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Leopoldo II del Belgio, nome completo Leopoldo Luigi Filippo Maria Vittorio di Sassonia-Coburgo-Gotha, in francese L\u00E9opold Louis Philippe Marie Victor de Saxe Cobourg-Gotha, in fiammingo Leopold Lodewijk Filips Maria Victor de Saxe Cobourg-Gotha (Bruxelles, 9 aprile 1835 \u2013 Laeken, 17 dicembre 1909), principe del Belgio, duca di Brabante, fu re dei Belgi dal 10 dicembre 1865 fino alla sua morte."@it . . . . . . . . . . . "\u30EC\u30AA\u30DD\u30EB\u30C92\u4E16 (\u30D9\u30EB\u30AE\u30FC\u738B)"@ja . . . . . . . . . . . "1909-12-12"^^ . "Lucien, Duke of Tervuren"@en . . . "Caroline Lacroix ()"@en . . "Leopoldo II da B\u00E9lgica"@pt . . . "Leopold II de B\u00E8lgica"@ca . . . "\u5229\u5967\u6CE2\u5FB7\u4E8C\u4E16\uFF081835\u5E744\u67089\u65E5\uFF0D1909\u5E7412\u670817\u65E5\uFF09\uFF0C\u5168\u540D\u5229\u5967\u6CE2\u5FB7\u00B7\u8DEF\u6613\u00B7\u83F2\u5229\u666E\u00B7\u99AC\u91CC\u00B7\u7EF4\u514B\u591A\uFF08\u6CD5\u8A9E\uFF1AL\u00E9opold Louis Philippe Marie Victor\uFF1B\u8377\u862D\u8A9E\uFF1ALeopold Lodewijk Filips Maria Victor\uFF09\uFF0C1865\u5E74\u7E7C\u627F\u7236\u89AA\u5229\u5967\u6CE2\u5FB7\u4E00\u4E16\u6210\u70BA\u6BD4\u5229\u6642\u570B\u738B\u3002\u4ED6\u662F\u525B\u679C\u81EA\u7531\u90A6\u7684\u5275\u7ACB\u4EBA\u548C\u64C1\u6709\u8005\u3002 \u5229\u5965\u6CE2\u5FB7\u4E8C\u4E16\u662F\u6B27\u6D32\u8FD1\u4EE3\u53F2\u4E0A\u81ED\u540D\u662D\u8457\u7684\u66B4\u541B\u3002\u5FB7\u610F\u5FD7\u7687\u5E1D\u5A01\u5EC9\u4E8C\u4E16\u8A55\u8AD6\u4ED6\u662F\u201C\u96C6\u6492\u65E6\u8207\u746A\u9580(Mammon\uFF0C\u8CAA\u5A6A\u4E4B\u5047\u795E) \u65BC\u4E00\u8EAB\u7684\u50A2\u4F19\u201D\uFF0C\u66FE\u4E0B\u4EE4\u8650\u6BBA\u525B\u679C\u4EBA\u9054\u6578\u767E\u842C\u52301500\u842C\u4EBA\u3002"@zh . . . . . . "\u30EC\u30AA\u30DD\u30EB\u30C92\u4E16\uFF08\u30D5\u30E9\u30F3\u30B9\u8A9E: L\u00E9opold II\u30011835\u5E744\u67089\u65E5 - 1909\u5E7412\u670817\u65E5\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u7B2C2\u4EE3\u30D9\u30EB\u30AE\u30FC\u56FD\u738B\uFF08\u5728\u4F4D\uFF1A1865\u5E74 - 1909\u5E74\uFF09\u3002 \u521D\u4EE3\u30D9\u30EB\u30AE\u30FC\u56FD\u738B\u30EC\u30AA\u30DD\u30EB\u30C91\u4E16\u306E\u738B\u592A\u5B50\u3068\u3057\u3066\u751F\u307E\u308C\u30011865\u5E74\u306B\u7236\u738B\u306E\u5D29\u5FA1\u306B\u4F34\u3044\u5373\u4F4D\u3002\u30EC\u30AA\u30DD\u30EB\u30C92\u4E16\u306E\u5728\u4F4D\u4E2D\u30011884\u5E74\u307E\u3067\u306F\u3001\u305D\u308C\u4EE5\u964D\u306F\u304C\u653F\u6A29\u3092\u62C5\u5F53\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305F\u3002\u30D9\u30EB\u30AE\u30FC\u7D4C\u6E08\u306F\u7236\u738B\u306E\u4EE3\u304B\u3089\u5F15\u304D\u7D9A\u3044\u3066\u6025\u901F\u306B\u6210\u9577\u3092\u9042\u3052\u305F\u304C\u3001\u52B4\u50CD\u8005\u968E\u7D1A\u306E\u793E\u4F1A\u4E0D\u5B89\u3082\u5897\u52A0\u3002\u5728\u4F4D\u5F8C\u534A\u306B\u306F\u304C\u53F0\u982D\u3057\u305F\u3053\u3068\u3067\u69D8\u3005\u306A\u793E\u4F1A\u6539\u9769\u304C\u884C\u308F\u308C\u305F\u3002 \u5373\u4F4D\u524D\u304B\u3089\u690D\u6C11\u5730\u7372\u5F97\u306B\u5F37\u3044\u95A2\u5FC3\u3092\u6301\u3061\u3001\u4ED6\u306E\u5217\u5F37\u306E\u652F\u914D\u304C\u53CA\u3093\u3067\u3044\u306A\u3044\u30B3\u30F3\u30B4\u306B\u76EE\u3092\u4ED8\u3051\u3001\u30B3\u30F3\u30B4\u56FD\u969B\u5354\u4F1A\u3092\u5275\u8A2D\u3057\u3066\u63A2\u691C\u3092\u652F\u63F4\u3002\u5148\u4F4F\u6C11\u306E\u90E8\u65CF\u9577\u3068\u5354\u5B9A\u3092\u7D50\u3076\u306A\u3069\u30B3\u30F3\u30B4\u652F\u914D\u306E\u65E2\u6210\u4E8B\u5B9F\u5316\u3092\u9032\u3081\u305F\u3002\u305D\u306E\u7D50\u679C\u30011884\u5E74\u306E\u30D9\u30EB\u30EA\u30F3\u4F1A\u8B70\u306B\u3066\u30B3\u30F3\u30B4\u3092\u79C1\u6709\u5730\u3068\u3057\u3066\u7D71\u6CBB\u3059\u308B\u3053\u3068\u3092\u5217\u5F37\u304B\u3089\u8A8D\u3081\u3089\u308C\u305F\uFF08\u30B3\u30F3\u30B4\u81EA\u7531\u56FD\uFF09\u3002 \u30B3\u30F3\u30B4\u306B\u304A\u3051\u308B\u6CBB\u4E16\u306E\u521D\u671F\u306F\u3001\u9244\u9053\u6577\u8A2D\u3084\u30A2\u30E9\u30D6\u4EBA\u5974\u96B7\u5546\u4EBA\u306B\u3088\u308B\u5974\u96B7\u72E9\u308A\u304B\u3089\u9ED2\u4EBA\u3092\u5B88\u308B\u306A\u3069\u3001\u30B3\u30F3\u30B4\u306E\u8FD1\u4EE3\u5316\u306B\u52AA\u3081\u308B\u9762\u3082\u3042\u3063\u305F\u304C\u3001\u5148\u4F4F\u6C11\u3092\u9177\u4F7F\u3057\u3066\u5929\u7136\u30B4\u30E0\u306E\u751F\u7523\u5897\u3092\u56F3\u308A\u3001\u30A4\u30AE\u30EA\u30B9\u306A\u3069\u304B\u3089\u5148\u4F4F\u6C11\u306B\u5BFE\u3059\u308B\u6B8B\u8650\u884C\u70BA\u3092\u6279\u5224\u3055\u308C\u30011908\u5E74\u306B\u306F\u30B3\u30F3\u30B4\u3092\u30D9\u30EB\u30AE\u30FC\u56FD\u5BB6\u3078\u59D4\u8B72\u3059\u308B\u3053\u3068\u3092\u4F59\u5100\u306A\u304F\u3055\u308C\u305F\uFF08\u738B\u306E\u79C1\u9818\u304B\u3089\u30D9\u30EB\u30AE\u30FC\u690D\u6C11\u5730\u3078\u306E\u8EE2\u63DB\uFF09\u3002 1909\u5E74\u306B\u5D29\u5FA1\u3002\u5AE1\u51FA\u5B50\u306E\u7537\u5B50\u304C\u306A\u304F\u3001\u7525\u306E\u30A2\u30EB\u30D9\u30FC\u30EB1\u4E16\u304C\u738B\u4F4D\u3092\u7D99\u3044\u3060\u3002"@ja . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Leopold II de B\u00E8lgica (Brussel\u00B7les, 1835 - Laeken, 1909) va ser el segon rei dels belgues, despr\u00E9s del seu pare Leopold I de B\u00E8lgica, entre 1865 i 1909. \u00C9s conegut principalment per les atrocitats i l'explotaci\u00F3 de l'Estat Lliure del Congo, que va fundar, organitzar i explotar com a \u00FAnic propietari i pel seu benefici personal. Era el fill primog\u00E8nit del rei Leopold I de B\u00E8lgica i de Llu\u00EFsa d'Orleans. Era per tant net de Francesc I de Sax\u00F2nia-Coburg-Saalfeld i d'Augusta de Reuss per part de pare, mentre que per via materna era net del rei Llu\u00EDs Felip I de Fran\u00E7a i de Maria Am\u00E8lia de Borb\u00F3-Dues Sic\u00EDlies."@ca . . . . . . . . . . . "\u039B\u03B5\u03BF\u03C0\u03CC\u03BB\u03B4\u03BF\u03C2 \u0392\u0384 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u0392\u03B5\u03BB\u03B3\u03AF\u03BF\u03C5"@el . . "Leopoldo II (Bruxelas, 9 de abril de 1835 \u2014 Laeken, 17 de dezembro de 1909) foi o segundo Rei dos Belgas de 1865 at\u00E9 sua morte. Foi tamb\u00E9m pr\u00EDncipe da B\u00E9lgica, duque de Saxe, duque de Saxe-Coburgo e Gotha, duque de Brabante e soberano do Estado Livre do Congo (1884-1908). Era o segundo filho do rei Leopoldo I, a quem sucedeu em 1865, tendo reinado at\u00E9 sua morte, em 1909. Era irm\u00E3o da imperatriz Carlota do M\u00E9xico. Por parte de sua m\u00E3e, Luisa d'Orl\u00E9ans neto de Lu\u00EDs Filipe I e primo-irm\u00E3o da rainha Vit\u00F3ria do Reino Unido."@pt . . . . "Leopoldo II, cuyo nombre de nacimiento era Leopoldo Luis Felipe Mar\u00EDa V\u00EDctor de Sajonia-Coburgo-Gotha (L\u00E9opold Louis-Philippe Marie Victor de Saxe-Cobourg et Gotha; Bruselas, B\u00E9lgica, 9 de abril de 1835 - 17 de diciembre de 1909) fue el segundo rey de los belgas. Sucedi\u00F3 a su padre, Leopoldo I, en el trono de B\u00E9lgica en 1865 y permaneci\u00F3 hasta su muerte. Rein\u00F3 durante 44 a\u00F1os, con lo que se convirti\u00F3 en el reinado m\u00E1s largo de cualquier monarca belga hasta el momento. Muri\u00F3 sin hijos varones que le sobrevivieran, por lo que su sobrino Alberto ser\u00EDa su sucesor."@es . "Leopold Lodewijk Filips Maria Victor (Brussel, 9 april 1835 \u2013 Laken, 17 december 1909), prins van Belgi\u00EB, hertog van Saksen, prins van Saksen-Coburg en Gotha, hertog van Brabant en senator, was de tweede koning der Belgen. Hij was de tweede, maar de oudste overlevende zoon van Leopold I van Belgi\u00EB en Louise Marie van Orl\u00E9ans. Hij volgde op 17 december 1865 zijn vader op en bleef koning tot zijn dood."@nl . . . "1908-11-15"^^ . . ""@en . . . . . . "Bh\u00ED Leopold II (9 Aibre\u00E1n 1835 \u2013 17 Nollaig 1909) ina r\u00ED ar an Beilg."@ga . . . . . . . . . . . . . "L\u00E9opold II (roi des Belges)"@fr . . . . . . . . "Prime Ministers"@en . . . . . . . "Leopoldo II.a Belgikakoa"@eu . . "\u041B\u0435\u043E\u043F\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0434 II (\u0444\u0440. 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"Leopoldo la 2-a, denaske Louis Philippe Marie Victor de Saksio-Koburgo-Gotao (naskita la 9-an de aprilo 1835 en Bruselo; mortis la 17-an de decembro 1909) estis la dua Re\u011Do de la belgoj, ekde la morto de sia patro, Leopoldo la 1-a, la 10-an de decembro 1865, \u011Dis sia morto. Leopoldo edzi\u011Dis al Maria Henrietta de A\u016Dstrio kaj havis kun \u015Di kvar gefilojn: \n* Louise, 1858 - 1924 \n* Leopold, 1859 - 1869 \n* Stefanie, 1864 - 1944 \n* Clementine, 1872 - 1955 Post mortiga akcidento de lia sola filo Leopold en 1869 lia frato Filipo i\u011Dis tron-heredonto, sed anka\u016D li mortis, en 1905, anta\u016D la re\u011Do. Tial posteulo de Leopoldo la 2-a i\u011Dis lia nevo Alberto, filo de Filipo. Leopoldo la 2-a havis la reputacion de elstara diplomato kaj negocisto; li i\u011Dis konata precipe pro sia \"privata\" kolonio \"Libera \u015Ctato Kongo\", kiun li en 1884 dekretis sia privata poseda\u0135o kaj kiu estis 70 fojoj pli granda ol Belgio. En 1908 la belga registaro aneksis la \u015Dtaton kaj nomis \u011Din Belga Kongo (nuna Demokratia Respubliko Kongo). En la intertempo Leopoldo ri\u0109igis sin per eksporto de eburo kaj ka\u016D\u0109uko, por kio li establis teroran re\u011Dimon kun sklaveco, forhako de manoj kaj kapumado. Kvin tagojn anta\u016D sia morto Leopoldo edzi\u011Dis kun baronino Blanche Delacroix, kun kiu li jam havis du filojn, kiujn li preferis al la filinoj de sia unua edzino. Pro tio kaj pro lia krima ekspluatado de Kongo li tiutempe estis mal\u015Datata de preska\u016D \u0109iuj."@eo . . . . . . . "1909-12-17"^^ . . . . . "Leopoldo II, cuyo nombre de nacimiento era Leopoldo Luis Felipe Mar\u00EDa V\u00EDctor de Sajonia-Coburgo-Gotha (L\u00E9opold Louis-Philippe Marie Victor de Saxe-Cobourg et Gotha; Bruselas, B\u00E9lgica, 9 de abril de 1835 - 17 de diciembre de 1909) fue el segundo rey de los belgas. Sucedi\u00F3 a su padre, Leopoldo I, en el trono de B\u00E9lgica en 1865 y permaneci\u00F3 hasta su muerte. Rein\u00F3 durante 44 a\u00F1os, con lo que se convirti\u00F3 en el reinado m\u00E1s largo de cualquier monarca belga hasta el momento. Muri\u00F3 sin hijos varones que le sobrevivieran, por lo que su sobrino Alberto ser\u00EDa su sucesor. Leopoldo fue el soberano, fundador y \u00FAnico propietario del Estado Libre del Congo desde 1885 hasta 1908, un proyecto privado encabezado por \u00E9l mismo. Utiliz\u00F3 al explorador Henry Morton Stanley para ayudarle a reclamar el Congo, un \u00E1rea que actualmente ocupa la Rep\u00FAblica Democr\u00E1tica del Congo. En la Conferencia de Berl\u00EDn de 1884-1885, las naciones europeas con intereses coloniales \u2014que pactaron el reparto de \u00C1frica\u2014 se comprometieron a mejorar la vida de los habitantes nativos del Congo, al tiempo que confirmaron su posesi\u00F3n por parte de Leopoldo II. Sin embargo, desde un principio el monarca ignor\u00F3 estas condiciones y amas\u00F3 una gran fortuna gracias a la explotaci\u00F3n de los recursos naturales del Congo \u2014caucho, diamantes, marfil y otras piedras preciosas\u2014 y la utilizaci\u00F3n de la poblaci\u00F3n nativa como mano de obra forzada y esclava. Tras varios a\u00F1os de denuncias internacionales por parte de personalidades brit\u00E1nicas como Arthur Conan Doyle, Joseph Conrad o Roger Casement; y del l\u00EDder socialista belga \u00C9mile Vandervelde, entre otros, gracias a las fotograf\u00EDas que hab\u00EDa tomado la fot\u00F3grafa brit\u00E1nica Alice Seeley Harris, el Estado belga se hizo cargo de la administraci\u00F3n del Congo en 1908. En la actualidad, el papel de Leopoldo II en \u00C1frica sigue siendo controvertido entre los historiadores. Seg\u00FAn el escritor Adam Hochschild, su r\u00E9gimen africano fue responsable de la muerte de 10 millones de congole\u00F1os, \u200B\u200B mientras que Bertrand Russell estim\u00F3 el n\u00FAmero de v\u00EDctimas en 8 millones de personas,\u200B asimismo, el censo realizado por B\u00E9lgica en 1924 mostr\u00F3 que la poblaci\u00F3n del Estado Libre del Congo propiedad de Leopoldo hab\u00EDa descendido en un 50 %, 10 millones de personas.\u200B Sin embargo, diversos historiadores argumentan contra esta cifra debido a la ausencia de censos fiables, a la enorme mortalidad de las enfermedades como la viruela o la enfermedad del sue\u00F1o y al hecho de que en 1900, solo hab\u00EDa 3000 europeos en el Congo, de los cuales solo la mitad eran belgas.\u200B\u200B\u200B Tambi\u00E9n es motivo de debate si hubo o no genocidio en el Congo, pues mientras para Adam Hochschild es indudable,\u200B considera que no se puede hablar de un genocidio, ya que no hubo una aniquilaci\u00F3n consciente y planificada, sino \"una pol\u00EDtica de explotaci\u00F3n desenfrenada y una b\u00FAsqueda patol\u00F3gica de beneficios\".\u200B Por otro lado, seg\u00FAn la bi\u00F3grafa \"Leopoldo no empez\u00F3 ning\u00FAn genocidio. Era codicioso por el dinero y se desinteres\u00F3 cuando las cosas se descontrolaron en el Congo\"; el soberano no habr\u00EDa sido un monstruo, sino un calculador obcecado por las vastas riquezas de su colonia que sucumbi\u00F3 \"a un aterrador ejemplo de decadencia moral\".\u200B\u200B"@es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "70959"^^ . . . . "Leopoldo la 2-a, denaske Louis Philippe Marie Victor de Saksio-Koburgo-Gotao (naskita la 9-an de aprilo 1835 en Bruselo; mortis la 17-an de decembro 1909) estis la dua Re\u011Do de la belgoj, ekde la morto de sia patro, Leopoldo la 1-a, la 10-an de decembro 1865, \u011Dis sia morto. Leopoldo edzi\u011Dis al Maria Henrietta de A\u016Dstrio kaj havis kun \u015Di kvar gefilojn: \n* Louise, 1858 - 1924 \n* Leopold, 1859 - 1869 \n* Stefanie, 1864 - 1944 \n* Clementine, 1872 - 1955"@eo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\uB808\uC624\uD3F4 \uB8E8\uC774 \uD544\uB9AC\uD504 \uB9C8\uB9AC \uBE45\uD1A0\uB974(\uD504\uB791\uC2A4\uC5B4: L\u00E9opold Louis Philippe Marie Victor , \uB124\uB35C\uB780\uB4DC\uC5B4: Leopold Lodewijk Filips Maria Victor \uB808\uC624\uD3F4\uD2B8 \uB85C\uB370\uBCA0\uC774\uD06C \uD544\uB9BD\uC2A4 \uB9C8\uB9AC\uC544 \uBE45\uD1A0\uB974[*], 1835\uB144 4\uC6D4 9\uC77C ~ 1909\uB144 12\uC6D4 17\uC77C)\uB294 \uBCA8\uAE30\uC5D0 \uC655\uAD6D\uC758 2\uB300 \uAD6D\uC655 (1865\uB144 ~ 1909\uB144)\uC774\uB2E4. \uADF8\uB294 \uB3C5\uB9BD\uD55C \uBCA8\uAE30\uC5D0\uC758 \uCD08\uB300 \uAD6D\uC655\uC778 \uBD80\uCE5C \uB808\uC624\uD3F4 1\uC138\uC758 \uB4A4\uB97C \uC774\uC5B4 1865\uB144 \uC655\uC704\uC5D0 \uC62C\uB77C \uC790\uC2E0\uC758 \uC0AC\uB9DD\uAE4C\uC9C0 \uAD6D\uC655\uC73C\uB85C \uB0A8\uC558\uB2E4. \uADF8\uB294 \uBA55\uC2DC\uCF54\uC758 \uD669\uD6C4 \uC0E4\uB97C\uB85C\uD2B8\uC758 \uC624\uBE60\uC774\uC790 \uBE45\uD1A0\uB9AC\uC544 \uC5EC\uC655\uC5D0\uAC8C \uC0AC\uCD0C\uC774\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uBCA8\uAE30\uC5D0\uC758 \uC678\uBD80\uC5D0 \uADF8\uB294 \uAC15\uC81C \uB178\uB3D9\uC5D0 \uC758\uC874\uD55C \uACE0\uBB34\uC640 \uC0C1\uC544\uB97C \uBF51\uC544\uB0B4\uB294 \uB370 \uAD6D\uC655\uC5D0 \uC758\uD558\uC5EC \uC218\uD589\uB41C \uAC1C\uC778 \uD504\uB85C\uC81D\uD2B8\uC778 \uCF69\uACE0 \uB3C5\uB9BD\uAD6D\uC758 \uCC3D\uB9BD\uC790\uC774\uC790 \uB2E8\uB3C5 \uC18C\uC720\uC790\uB85C \uC8FC\uB85C \uAE30\uC5B5\uB41C\uB2E4. \uC791\uACE0 \uAC00\uC7A5 \uB3C5\uB9BD\uD55C \uC720\uB7FD\uC758 \uAD6D\uAC00 (1830\uB144)\uB85C\uC11C \uBCA8\uAE30\uC5D0\uB294 \uC601\uAD6D\uC740 \uBB3C\uB860 \uC774\uC6C3 \uB098\uB77C\uB4E4 \uD504\uB791\uC2A4\uC640 \uB124\uB35C\uB780\uB4DC\uC640 \uB2EC\uB9AC \uB2E4\uC218\uC758 \uD574\uC678 \uC2DD\uBBFC\uC9C0\uB4E4\uC744 \uC18C\uC720\uD558\uC9C0 \uC54A\uC558\uC73C\uB098 \uC790\uC2E0\uB4E4\uACFC \uB3C5\uC77C\uC758 \uC81C\uAD6D\uC758 \uC57C\uB9DD\uB4E4\uC744 \uB098\uB204\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uB808\uC624\uD3F4 2\uC138\uC758 \uAC1C\uC778\uC801\uC778 \uC758\uC9C0\uB825\uC740 \uC790\uC2E0\uC5D0\uAC8C \uCF69\uACE0\uC758 \uAC1C\uC778\uC801 \uC18C\uC720\uB97C \uC900 \uBCA0\uB97C\uB9B0 \uD68C\uB2F4\uC744 \uAD50\uBAA8\uD788 \uD68D\uCC45\uD568\uC73C\uB85C \uC790\uC2E0\uC774 \uCC45\uC784\uC774 \uC788\uB358 \uC544\uC8FC \uAC15\uD588\uB2E4. \uC544\uD504\uB9AC\uCE74 \uBD84\uD560\uC740 \uC790\uC6D0\uC744 \uC704\uD55C \uACBD\uC81C\uC801 \uD544\uC694\uC131, \uC81C\uAD6D\uC758 \uB9E4\uB825\uACFC \uC544\uD504\uB9AC\uCE74\uC778\uB4E4\uC774 \uC0AC\uD68C \uC9C4\uD654\uC758 \uC0AC\uB2E4\uB9AC\uB97C \uB0B4\uB824 \uAC04 \uAC83\uC744 \uCDE8\uD55C \uC6B0\uC6D4\uC758 \uC778\uC885 \uCC28\uBCC4\uC8FC\uC758 \uD0DC\uB3C4, \uADF8\uB4E4\uC774 \uC2E4\uC81C\uB85C \uC774\uAC83\uC744 \uD560 \uC218 \uC788\uB2E4\uBA74\uADF8\uB4E4\uC774 \uC2A4\uC2A4\uB85C\uB97C \uB2E4\uC2A4\uB9AC\uAE30\uC5D0 \uCDA9\uBD84\uD788 \uC131\uC219\uD560 \uB54C\uAE4C\uC9C0 \uC694\uAD6C\uB41C \uC548\uB0B4\uC640 \uAC10\uB3C5\uC758 \uBCF5\uC7A1\uD55C \uD63C\uD569\uC774\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uD558\uC9C0\uB9CC \uB808\uC624\uD3F4 2\uC138\uB294 \uC81C\uAD6D\uC8FC\uC758\uB97C \uC0C8\uB85C\uC6B4 \uCC28\uC6D0\uC73C\uB85C \uB04C\uC5B4 \uC62C\uB838\uB2E4. \uD070 \uC81C\uAD6D\uB4E4\uC744 \uC5BB\uC740 \uD504\uB791\uC2A4, \uB124\uB35C\uB780\uB4DC\uC640 \uC601\uAD6D \uAC19\uC740 \uAD6D\uAC00\uB4E4\uC740 \uB300\uC9C0\uC640 \uAD6D\uBBFC \uB458\uB2E4\uB97C \uCC29\uCDE8\uD558\uC600\uB2E4. \uD558\uC9C0\uB9CC \uC758\uD68C\uAC00 \uADF8\uB4E4\uC758 \uC81C\uAD6D\uC801 \uC815\uCC45\uB4E4\uC744 \uD1B5\uCE58\uD588\uAE30 \uB54C\uBB38\uC5D0 \uD574\uC678 \uC8FC\uC81C\uB4E4\uC758 \uC5B4\uB5A4 \uCE21\uB7C9\uB4E4\uC774 \uC18C\uAC1C\uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uD22C\uD45C\uD558\uB294 \uB370 \uC5EC\uC131\uACFC \uB0A8\uC131\uB4E4\uC758 \uAD8C\uB9AC\uB4E4\uC5D0 \uAD00\uD558\uC5EC \uBCF8\uAD6D\uC5D0\uC11C \uC774\uC57C\uAE30\uD558\uC5EC \uADFC\uBB34 \uC2DC\uAC04\uC5D0 \uC785\uBC95\uC744 \uBCF8 \uC0B0\uC5C5\uC801 \uCC29\uCDE8\uB97C \uB300\uD56D\uD558\uB294 \uBCF4\uD638\uB97C \uC704\uD558\uC5EC \uC5B4\uB9B0\uC774 \uB178\uB3D9\uACFC \uACE0\uC6A9 \uC0C1\uD0DC\uB4E4\uC774 \uC18C\uAC1C\uB418\uC5C8\uACE0, \uC5B4\uB5A4\uC774\uB4E4\uC740 \uB610\uD55C \uC815\uBD80\uC758 \uCC45\uC784\uC744 \uC704\uD55C \uC774\uB4E4\uC774 \uD574\uC678\uC5D0 \uAD8C\uB9AC\uB4E4\uC744 \uC18C\uC720\uD55C \uAC83\uC744 \uC54C\uC558\uB2E4. \uD558\uC9C0\uB9CC \uB808\uC624\uD3F4 2\uC138\uB294 \uB2E8\uC21C\uD558\uAC8C \uCF69\uACE0\uB97C \uCC29\uCDE8\uD558\uB294 \uB370 \uC790\uAE30\uC758 \uAC83\uC73C\uB85C \uBCF4\uC558\uACE0, \uADF8\uC758 \uC9C0\uBC30\uB294 \uC794\uC778\uD558\uC600\uB2E4. 1909\uB144 \uBCA8\uAE30\uC5D0 \uC815\uBD80\uAC00 \uCC45\uC784\uC744 \uB9E1\uC744 \uB54C \uC0AC\uB78C\uB4E4\uC758 \uC0C1\uD0DC\uB294 \uADF9\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uBC14\uB00C\uC5C8\uACE0, \uACBD\uC81C\uC801 \uBC88\uC601\uC774 \uB530\uB77C\uC84C\uB2E4."@ko . . . . . . . . . . "Philippe, Count of Ravenstein"@en . . . "Leopoldo II de B\u00E9lgica"@es . . . . "L\u00E9opold II (bahasa Prancis: L\u00E9opold Louis Philippe Marie Victor de Saxe-Cobourg et Gotha, bahasa Belanda: Leopold Lodewijk Filips Maria Victor van Saxe-Coburg en Gotha, bahasa Jerman: Leopold Ludwig Philipp Maria Viktor von Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha; 9 April 1835 \u2013 17 Desember 1909) adalah raja Belgia. Ia lahir sebagai anak kedua L\u00E9opold I dan mewarisi kekuasaan ayahnya pada tahun 1865 dan menjadi raja sampai kematiannya. Ia adalah saudara kandung Charlotte dari Belgia dan sepupu pertama Ratu Victoria."@in . "Sovereign of the Congo Free State"@en . . . . .