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Statements

Subject Item
dbr:Klaipėda_Revolt
rdf:type
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rdfs:label
Клайпедське повстання Rivolta di Klaipėda Мемельское восстание 克萊佩達起義 Klaipėda Revolt Révolte de Klaipėda Pemberontakan Klaipėda
rdfs:comment
La rivolta di Klaipėda ebbe luogo nel gennaio 1923 nella regione di Klaipėda (conosciuta in tedesco come territorio di Memel o Memelland): localizzata a nord del fiume Nemunas, la zona andò separata dalla Prussia Orientale, appartenente all'Impero tedesco, dal trattato di Versailles e finì per esserle assegnato lo status di "mandato della Società delle Nazioni". Venne posta sotto l'amministrazione provvisoria francese fino a quando non si fosse trovata una soluzione permanente, ma la Lituania, da poco indipendente, desiderava annettere la regione, facendo questa stessa parte dell'antica regione detta Lituania Minore. Oltre che per considerazioni storiche, le motivazioni risiedevano nella volontà di far rientrare nel proprio territorio una grande minoranza di lingua lituana e di acquisire i Кла́йпедське повста́ння відбулося в січні 1923 року в Клайпедському краї (Мемельська область, Мемельланд). Pemberontakan Klaipėda adalah sebuah pemberontakan yang berlangsung pada Januari 1923 di Wilayah Klaipėda (Memelland). Wilayah yang terletak di sebelah utara Sungai Neman ini dilepas dari wilayah Prusia Timur, Jerman, berdasarkan Traktat Versailles, dan kemudian dijadikan mandat Liga Bangsa-Bangsa. Wilayah ini diperintah oleh Prancis untuk sementara waktu hingga solusi yang lebih permanen dapat ditemukan. Lituania ingin menyatukan wilayah ini (bagian dari Lithuania Minor) karena terdapat minoritas di wilayah tersebut. Selain itu, pelabuhan Klaipėda (Memel) dibutuhkan oleh Lituania agar dapat mengakses Laut Baltik. Namun, ingin menjadikan wilayah ini sebagai kota bebas seperti Kota Bebas Danzig, sehingga orang-orang Lituania mulai mempersiapkan pemberontakan. 克萊佩達起義為1923年克萊佩達地區（又稱梅梅爾領地）爆發的起義。克萊佩達地區與德國的東普魯士隔尼曼河相望，凡爾賽條約將其自東普魯士分出，歸屬國際聯盟託管，暫時由法國政府負責管理。此地屬於小立陶宛，有許多講立陶宛語的居住，且包括戰略地位重要的（立陶宛出波羅的海唯一的港口），因此立陶宛共和國相當希望能佔領此地。1920年召開的中，一普魯士立陶宛人組成的使團試圖說服與會各方將克萊佩達交給立陶宛而未果，會議仍將克萊佩達劃為與但澤地位類似的自由市，立陶宛便決定策劃起義以佔領此地，於11月20日的一場秘密會議中敲定計畫。 1939年，納粹德國向立陶宛發出最後通牒，要求其割讓克萊佩達地區，立陶宛被迫接受。 The Klaipėda Revolt took place in January 1923 in the Klaipėda Region (also known as the Memel Territory or Memelland). The region, located north of the Neman River, was detached from East Prussia, German Empire by the Treaty of Versailles and became a mandate of the League of Nations. It was placed under provisional French administration until a more permanent solution could be worked out. Lithuania wanted to unite with the region (part of Lithuania Minor) due to its large Lithuanian-speaking minority of Prussian Lithuanians and major port of Klaipėda (Memel) – the only viable access to the Baltic Sea for Lithuania. As the Conference of Ambassadors favored leaving the region as a free city, similar to the Free City of Danzig, the Lithuanians organized and staged a revolt. Мемельское восстание, или Клайпедское восстание произошло в январе 1923 года в Клайпедском крае. Область, расположенная к северу от Немана, была отделена от Германии согласно Версальскому договору и стала мандатом Лиги Наций. Управлением территорией занималась временная французская администрация до тех пор, пока не будет выработано решение. La révolte de Klaipėda eut lieu du 10 au 15 janvier 1923 dans la région de Klaipėda (Territoire de Memel), alors sous mandat de la Société des Nations depuis 1919. Séparé de la Prusse-Orientale lors du Traité de Versailles en 1919, le territoire avait alors été provisoirement confié à l'administration française. La Lituanie demandait en revanche le rattachement de Klaipėda à son propre territoire, se basant sur son appartenance historique à la Petite Lituanie et la présence d'une majorité lituanophone, les Lietuvininkai. Le gouvernement lituanien espérait également récupérer le port stratégique de Klaipėda, seul accès à la mer suffisamment viable dans la région.
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n6:Memelland_1923-1939.png?width=300
dbp:caption
Historical map of Klaipėda Region and the northern part of East Prussia
dbp:casualties
2 12
dbp:combatant
Lithuanian Riflemen's Union Klaipėda Directorate
dbp:commander
dbr:Jonas_Budrys Gabriel Jean Petisné dbr:Erdmonas_Simonaitis dbr:Ernestas_Galvanauskas dbr:Vincas_Krėvė-Mickevičius
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Klaipėda Revolt
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0001-01-10
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300
dbp:place
dbr:Klaipėda_Region
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Klaipėda Region unified with Lithuania
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Around 1400 men Around 250 soldiers
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55.7 21.133333333333333
dbo:abstract
Pemberontakan Klaipėda adalah sebuah pemberontakan yang berlangsung pada Januari 1923 di Wilayah Klaipėda (Memelland). Wilayah yang terletak di sebelah utara Sungai Neman ini dilepas dari wilayah Prusia Timur, Jerman, berdasarkan Traktat Versailles, dan kemudian dijadikan mandat Liga Bangsa-Bangsa. Wilayah ini diperintah oleh Prancis untuk sementara waktu hingga solusi yang lebih permanen dapat ditemukan. Lituania ingin menyatukan wilayah ini (bagian dari Lithuania Minor) karena terdapat minoritas di wilayah tersebut. Selain itu, pelabuhan Klaipėda (Memel) dibutuhkan oleh Lituania agar dapat mengakses Laut Baltik. Namun, ingin menjadikan wilayah ini sebagai kota bebas seperti Kota Bebas Danzig, sehingga orang-orang Lituania mulai mempersiapkan pemberontakan. Para penduduk lokal kemudian memberontak, tetapi tidak menghadapi perlawanan yang berarti dari polisi Jerman atau pasukan Prancis. Para pemberontak mendirikan pemerintahan pro-Lituania yang meminta bergabung dengan Lituania dengan menyebut hak penentuan nasib sendiri. Liga Bangsa-Bangsa menerima ini dan Wilayah Klaipėda secara resmi menjadi wilayah otonom Republik Lituania pada 17 Februari 1923. Kemudian, setelah negosiasi yang panjang, Konvensi Klaipėda ditandatangani pada Mei 1924. Konvensi ini secara resmi mengakui kedaulatan Lituania di wilayah Klaipėda dan menjabarkan hak otonomi legislatif, yudikatif, dan administratif wilayah tersebut. Namun, pada Maret 1939, Lituania terpaksa menyerahkan wilayah ini kepada Jerman Nazi setelah memperoleh ultimatum. Кла́йпедське повста́ння відбулося в січні 1923 року в Клайпедському краї (Мемельська область, Мемельланд). Мемельское восстание, или Клайпедское восстание произошло в январе 1923 года в Клайпедском крае. Область, расположенная к северу от Немана, была отделена от Германии согласно Версальскому договору и стала мандатом Лиги Наций. Управлением территорией занималась временная французская администрация до тех пор, пока не будет выработано решение. Литва хотела соединиться с регионом (часть Малой Литвы) из-за крупного литовскоговорящего меньшинства прусских литовцев и портового города Клайпеда (Мемель) — единственного приемлемого выхода к Балтийскому морю для Литвы.После того, как покинула регион с политическим статусом, похожим на статус Вольного города Данциг, литовцы организовали и устроили мятеж. Представленное как восстание местного населения, восстание не встретило сопротивления ни немецкой полиции, ни французской армии. Мятежниками была создана пролитовская администрация, которая обратилась к Литве с просьбой об объединении, ссылаясь на право на самоопределение. Лига Наций приняла свершившийся факт и Клайпедский край стал автономной территорией Литовской Республики от 17 февраля 1923 года. После длительных переговоров в мае 1924 года была подписана . Конвенция официально признавала суверенитет Литвы над регионом и наделяла Клайпедский край обширной законодательной, судебной, административной и финансовой автономией. Регион был частью Литвы до марта 1939 года, когда он вернулся в состав Германии после ультиматума. 克萊佩達起義為1923年克萊佩達地區（又稱梅梅爾領地）爆發的起義。克萊佩達地區與德國的東普魯士隔尼曼河相望，凡爾賽條約將其自東普魯士分出，歸屬國際聯盟託管，暫時由法國政府負責管理。此地屬於小立陶宛，有許多講立陶宛語的居住，且包括戰略地位重要的（立陶宛出波羅的海唯一的港口），因此立陶宛共和國相當希望能佔領此地。1920年召開的中，一普魯士立陶宛人組成的使團試圖說服與會各方將克萊佩達交給立陶宛而未果，會議仍將克萊佩達劃為與但澤地位類似的自由市，立陶宛便決定策劃起義以佔領此地，於11月20日的一場秘密會議中敲定計畫。 1922年底，數名立陶宛方的人員進入克萊佩達，在各城鎮發表愛國演說，組織了數個以「解放小立陶宛」為宗旨的委員會，12月18日成立了解放小立陶宛最高委員會（SCSLM），1月7日最高委員會發表宣言，指克萊佩達的立陶宛人被外國人迫害，呼籲他們拿起武器抗爭，並請求支援，後者於1月9日進入克萊佩達。1月10日最高委員會週邊已集結了近萬人（5%至7%的人口）。起義幾乎未被託管當局與警方鎮壓，最終建立了親立陶宛的，並請求依民族自決原則併入立陶宛，成為該國的一個自治區，立陶宛議會於1月24日批准。國際聯盟承認既成事實，1923年2月17日將克萊佩達地區移交給立陶宛共和國，作為其與波蘭戰爭中失去維爾紐斯地區的非正式補償，1924年5月簽署《》，正式承認立陶宛對該地區的主權，為立陶宛重大的外交勝利。 1939年，納粹德國向立陶宛發出最後通牒，要求其割讓克萊佩達地區，立陶宛被迫接受。 La rivolta di Klaipėda ebbe luogo nel gennaio 1923 nella regione di Klaipėda (conosciuta in tedesco come territorio di Memel o Memelland): localizzata a nord del fiume Nemunas, la zona andò separata dalla Prussia Orientale, appartenente all'Impero tedesco, dal trattato di Versailles e finì per esserle assegnato lo status di "mandato della Società delle Nazioni". Venne posta sotto l'amministrazione provvisoria francese fino a quando non si fosse trovata una soluzione permanente, ma la Lituania, da poco indipendente, desiderava annettere la regione, facendo questa stessa parte dell'antica regione detta Lituania Minore. Oltre che per considerazioni storiche, le motivazioni risiedevano nella volontà di far rientrare nel proprio territorio una grande minoranza di lingua lituana e di acquisire il fondamentale porto di Klaipėda (Memel), il solo accesso praticabile al mar Baltico per la Lituania. Poiché la Conferenza degli Ambasciatori appariva favorevole a lasciare al sito lo status di città libera, ovvero il medesimo di Danzica, i lituani pianificarono e poi diedero luogo ad una rivolta. Presentata come una ribellione fomentata della popolazione locale, la sommossa incontrò poca resistenza sia dalla polizia tedesca che dalle truppe francesi. I rivoltosi stabilirono un'amministrazione filo-lituana, la quale chiese presto di unirsi formalmente a Kaunas facendo leva sul diritto all'autodeterminazione. La Società delle Nazioni accettò la situazione de facto accaduta nell'area e la regione di Klaipėda fu trasferita come territorio autonomo alla Repubblica di Lituania il 17 febbraio 1923. Dopo lunghi negoziati, un accordo internazionale formale, che prese il nome di Convenzione di Klaipėda fu sottoscritto nel maggio del 1924: l'atto riconosceva formalmente l'autorità della Lituania in loco e attribuiva all'entità amministrativa appena annessa ampia autonomia legislativa, giudiziaria, amministrativa e finanziaria. La regione rimase parte della Lituania fino al marzo 1939, quando passò alla Germania nazista dopo l'ultimatum tedesco presentato da Adolf Hitler all'esecutivo baltico. The Klaipėda Revolt took place in January 1923 in the Klaipėda Region (also known as the Memel Territory or Memelland). The region, located north of the Neman River, was detached from East Prussia, German Empire by the Treaty of Versailles and became a mandate of the League of Nations. It was placed under provisional French administration until a more permanent solution could be worked out. Lithuania wanted to unite with the region (part of Lithuania Minor) due to its large Lithuanian-speaking minority of Prussian Lithuanians and major port of Klaipėda (Memel) – the only viable access to the Baltic Sea for Lithuania. As the Conference of Ambassadors favored leaving the region as a free city, similar to the Free City of Danzig, the Lithuanians organized and staged a revolt. Presented as an uprising of the local population, the revolt met little resistance from either the German police or the French troops. The rebels established a pro-Lithuanian administration, which petitioned to unite with Lithuania, citing the right of self-determination. The League of Nations accepted the fait accompli and the Klaipėda Region was transferred as an autonomous territory to the Republic of Lithuania on February 17, 1923. After prolonged negotiations, a formal international agreement, the Klaipėda Convention, was signed in May 1924. The convention formally acknowledged Lithuania's sovereignty in the region and outlined its extensive legislative, judicial, administrative, and financial autonomy. The region remained part of Lithuania until March 1939 when it was transferred to Nazi Germany after a German ultimatum. La révolte de Klaipėda eut lieu du 10 au 15 janvier 1923 dans la région de Klaipėda (Territoire de Memel), alors sous mandat de la Société des Nations depuis 1919. Séparé de la Prusse-Orientale lors du Traité de Versailles en 1919, le territoire avait alors été provisoirement confié à l'administration française. La Lituanie demandait en revanche le rattachement de Klaipėda à son propre territoire, se basant sur son appartenance historique à la Petite Lituanie et la présence d'une majorité lituanophone, les Lietuvininkai. Le gouvernement lituanien espérait également récupérer le port stratégique de Klaipėda, seul accès à la mer suffisamment viable dans la région. Présentée comme une révolte locale, cette rébellion reçut en réalité le soutien direct de la Lituanie voisine. Les rebelles ne rencontrèrent qu'une faible opposition de la part du contingent français stationné à Klaipėda, ainsi que de la police allemande. Une administration pro-lituanienne fut par la suite installée par les rebelles, qui réclamèrent le rattachement à la Lituanie, suivant le principe du droit à l’autodétermination. Devant le fait accompli, la Société des Nations dut se résoudre le 17 février 1923 à accepter le transfert du Territoire de Memel à la Lituanie en tant que région autonome. En mai 1924, la souveraineté lituanienne fut formellement reconnue par la Convention de Klaipėda.
prov:wasDerivedFrom
wikipedia-en:Klaipėda_Revolt?oldid=1093248991&ns=0
dbo:wikiPageLength
43634
dbo:causalties
2 killed
dbo:combatant
Klaipėda Directorate Lithuanian Riflemen's Union
dbo:result
Klaipėda Region unified with Lithuania
dbo:strength
Around 250 soldiers Around 1400 men
dbo:commander
dbr:Erdmonas_Simonaitis dbr:Ernestas_Galvanauskas dbr:Vincas_Krėvė-Mickevičius dbr:Jonas_Budrys
foaf:isPrimaryTopicOf
wikipedia-en:Klaipėda_Revolt
geo:geometry
POINT(21.133333206177 55.700000762939)