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Statements

Subject Item
dbr:Igneous_textures
rdfs:label
Textura ígnea نسيج الصخور النارية Igneous textures 火成岩紋理
rdfs:comment
أنسجة الصخور النارية يستعمل مصطلح نسيج لوصف المظهر العام للصخر على أساس الحجم والشكل، وترتيب حبيباتها المعدنية، ويعد النسيج خاصية مهمة لأنه يكشف الكثير عن البيئة التي تشكلت فيها الصخور. توجد ثلاثة عوامل تؤثر في أنسجة الصخور النارية وهي: * المعدل الذي تبرد عنده الصخور المنصهرة. * كمية السيليكا الموجودة فيه. * كمية الغازات المذابة في الصهارة. Igneous textures include the rock textures occurring in igneous rocks. Igneous textures are used by geologists in determining the mode of origin of igneous rocks and are used in rock classification. The six main types of textures are phaneritic, aphanitic, porphyritic, glassy, pyroclastic, and pegmatitic. Glassy or vitreous textures occur during some volcanic eruptions when the lava is quenched so rapidly that crystallization cannot occur. The result is a natural amorphous glass with few or no crystals. Examples include obsidian. Texturas ígneas é a designação dada a um conjunto de texturas de rochas que ocorrem especificamente nas rochas ígneas e que são utilizadas na determinação do modo de origem daquelas rochas e na identificação petrológica das rochas ígneas. São em geral considerados seis tipos principais de texturas ígneas, variando de vítrea a afanítica e desta a pegmatítica. 火成岩紋理（英語：Igneous textures）是指在火成岩中的岩石紋理。地質學家使用這些紋理來解釋定火成岩的起源並來分類岩石。紋理有六種主要類型；顯晶質、隱晶質、斑晶質、玻璃質、火山碎屑質和偉晶質。 隱晶質岩石是指岩石中的單個晶體用肉眼無法區分的火成岩。隱晶質岩石通常是熔岩在地球表面或附近迅速結晶而形成的。當噴出的熔岩與大氣接觸時，它們會迅速冷卻，因此礦物沒有時間長成大晶體。例如玄武岩、安山岩和流紋岩等。 玻璃狀或玻璃狀紋理是指無晶體的火成岩。在一些火山噴發過程中，若熔岩快速淬火以致無法結晶時，就出現玻璃狀或玻璃狀質地的紋理。結果造成一種天然無定形玻璃。例如黑曜石等。 偉晶岩質紋理是指岩石中的一些單個晶體可長到塊狀大小（尺寸範圍從幾厘米到幾米不等）。這是偉晶岩的典型特徵。 顯晶質紋理是指岩石中的單個晶體可用肉眼區分的火成岩，通常是侵入性火成岩的典型特徵。這些岩石在地球表面以下緩慢結晶。隨著岩漿緩慢冷卻，礦物有時間生長並形成大晶體。例如是輝長岩、閃長岩和花崗岩等。 火山碎屑紋理是火山在爆炸性噴發時將熔岩噴射到空氣中，所產生碎片的紋理，通常是玻璃狀物質，它們以火山灰、火山礫和火山彈的形式落下。
foaf:depiction
n13:Sulfidic_anorthosite_(platinum-palladium_ore)_(Johns-Manville_Reef,_Stillwater_Complex,_Neoarchean,_2.71_Ga;_Stillwater_Mine,_Beartooth_Mountains,_Montana,_USA)_8.jpg
dcterms:subject
dbc:Igneous_petrology
dbo:wikiPageID
9790247
dbo:wikiPageRevisionID
1120389698
dbo:wikiPageWikiLink
dbr:Naked_eye dbr:Rock_(geology) dbr:Gabbro dbr:Volcanic_ash dbr:Basalt dbr:Andesite dbr:Phenocryst dbr:Mineral dbr:Atmosphere dbr:Magma dbr:Igneous_rock dbr:Diorite dbr:Matrix_(geology) dbr:Volcanic_bomb n12:Sulfidic_anorthosite_(platinum-palladium_ore)_(Johns-Manville_Reef,_Stillwater_Complex,_Neoarchean,_2.71_Ga;_Stillwater_Mine,_Beartooth_Mountains,_Montana,_USA)_8.jpg dbr:Rhyolite dbr:Aphanite dbr:Obsidian dbr:Geologist dbr:Amazonite dbr:Garnet dbr:Lapilli dbr:Porphyritic dbr:Pyroclastic dbr:Topaz dbr:Volcano dbr:Crystal dbc:Igneous_petrology dbr:Texture_(geology) dbr:Volcanic_glass dbr:Granite dbr:Phanerite dbr:Phaneritic dbr:Pegmatite dbr:Lava dbr:Pyroclastic_rock
owl:sameAs
wikidata:Q12376352 dbpedia-ar:نسيج_الصخور_النارية freebase:m.02ps8nn dbpedia-et:Tardkivimi_struktuur dbpedia-zh:火成岩紋理 dbpedia-pt:Textura_ígnea n19:GiuC
dbo:thumbnail
n13:Sulfidic_anorthosite_(platinum-palladium_ore)_(Johns-Manville_Reef,_Stillwater_Complex,_Neoarchean,_2.71_Ga;_Stillwater_Mine,_Beartooth_Mountains,_Montana,_USA)_8.jpg?width=300
dbo:abstract
火成岩紋理（英語：Igneous textures）是指在火成岩中的岩石紋理。地質學家使用這些紋理來解釋定火成岩的起源並來分類岩石。紋理有六種主要類型；顯晶質、隱晶質、斑晶質、玻璃質、火山碎屑質和偉晶質。 隱晶質岩石是指岩石中的單個晶體用肉眼無法區分的火成岩。隱晶質岩石通常是熔岩在地球表面或附近迅速結晶而形成的。當噴出的熔岩與大氣接觸時，它們會迅速冷卻，因此礦物沒有時間長成大晶體。例如玄武岩、安山岩和流紋岩等。 玻璃狀或玻璃狀紋理是指無晶體的火成岩。在一些火山噴發過程中，若熔岩快速淬火以致無法結晶時，就出現玻璃狀或玻璃狀質地的紋理。結果造成一種天然無定形玻璃。例如黑曜石等。 偉晶岩質紋理是指岩石中的一些單個晶體可長到塊狀大小（尺寸範圍從幾厘米到幾米不等）。這是偉晶岩的典型特徵。 顯晶質紋理是指岩石中的單個晶體可用肉眼區分的火成岩，通常是侵入性火成岩的典型特徵。這些岩石在地球表面以下緩慢結晶。隨著岩漿緩慢冷卻，礦物有時間生長並形成大晶體。例如是輝長岩、閃長岩和花崗岩等。 斑狀紋理是指岩石的基質是隱晶質而其它成分是大晶體。它的形成是由于在岩漿冷卻時，其冷卻速度變快而造成的。較早形成的礦物因爲冷卻緩慢，形成大晶體，而突然的冷卻導致剩餘的熔體，快速結晶成為細粒（隱晶質）基質。另一情況是當岩漿在火山下方結晶，但在全部完成結晶之前又噴發，從而迫使剩餘的熔岩在空中更快地結晶導致形成小的晶體，造成斑狀紋理。 火山碎屑紋理是火山在爆炸性噴發時將熔岩噴射到空氣中，所產生碎片的紋理，通常是玻璃狀物質，它們以火山灰、火山礫和火山彈的形式落下。 أنسجة الصخور النارية يستعمل مصطلح نسيج لوصف المظهر العام للصخر على أساس الحجم والشكل، وترتيب حبيباتها المعدنية، ويعد النسيج خاصية مهمة لأنه يكشف الكثير عن البيئة التي تشكلت فيها الصخور. توجد ثلاثة عوامل تؤثر في أنسجة الصخور النارية وهي: * المعدل الذي تبرد عنده الصخور المنصهرة. * كمية السيليكا الموجودة فيه. * كمية الغازات المذابة في الصهارة. Igneous textures include the rock textures occurring in igneous rocks. Igneous textures are used by geologists in determining the mode of origin of igneous rocks and are used in rock classification. The six main types of textures are phaneritic, aphanitic, porphyritic, glassy, pyroclastic, and pegmatitic. Aphanitic (a = not, phaner = visible) rocks, in contrast to phaneritic rocks, typically form from lava which crystallize rapidly on or near Earth's surface. When extrusive rocks make contact with the atmosphere they cool quickly, so the minerals do not have time to form large crystals. The individual crystals in an aphanitic igneous rock are not distinguishable to the naked eye. Examples of aphanitic igneous rock include basalt, andesite, and rhyolite. Glassy or vitreous textures occur during some volcanic eruptions when the lava is quenched so rapidly that crystallization cannot occur. The result is a natural amorphous glass with few or no crystals. Examples include obsidian. Pegmatitic texture occurs during magma cooling when some minerals may grow so large that they become massive (the size ranges from a few centimetres to several metres). This is typical of pegmatites. Pegmatites are most commonly formed as coarse-grained igneous rocks of granitic composition, containing large clasts of gemstones such as amazonite, garnet, and topaz. Phaneritic (phaner = visible) textures are typical of intrusive igneous rocks, these rocks crystallized slowly below Earth's surface. As magma cools slowly the minerals have time to grow and form large crystals. The minerals in a phaneritic igneous rock are sufficiently large to see each individual crystal with the naked eye. Examples of phaneritic igneous rocks are gabbro, diorite, and granite. Porphyritic textures develop when conditions during the cooling of magma change relatively quickly. The earlier formed minerals will have formed slowly and remain as large crystals, whereas, sudden cooling causes the rapid crystallization of the remainder of the melt into a fine-grained (aphanitic) matrix. The result is an aphanitic rock with some larger crystals (phenocrysts) embedded within its matrix. Porphyritic texture also occurs when magma crystallizes below a volcano but is erupted before completing crystallization thus forcing the remaining lava to crystallize more rapidly with much smaller crystals. Pyroclastic (pyro = igneous, clastic = fragment) textures occur when explosive eruptions blast the lava into the air resulting in fragmental, typically glassy material which falls as volcanic ash, lapilli, and volcanic bombs. Texturas ígneas é a designação dada a um conjunto de texturas de rochas que ocorrem especificamente nas rochas ígneas e que são utilizadas na determinação do modo de origem daquelas rochas e na identificação petrológica das rochas ígneas. São em geral considerados seis tipos principais de texturas ígneas, variando de vítrea a afanítica e desta a pegmatítica.
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