@prefix rdf: . @prefix dbr: . @prefix yago: . dbr:First_Bulgarian_Empire rdf:type yago:Empire108557482 , yago:WikicatByzantineEmpireSuccessorStatesInTheBalkans , yago:PhysicalEntity100001930 , yago:Object100002684 , yago:Region108630985 , yago:Domain108556491 , yago:WikicatFormerEmpiresOfEurope , yago:Country108544813 , yago:WikicatFormerEmpires . @prefix schema: . dbr:First_Bulgarian_Empire rdf:type schema:Country . @prefix wikidata: . dbr:First_Bulgarian_Empire rdf:type wikidata:Q6256 . @prefix dbo: . dbr:First_Bulgarian_Empire rdf:type dbo:PopulatedPlace , yago:WikicatFormerCountriesInTheBalkans , yago:WikicatEmpires , dbo:Location , yago:Location100027167 , dbo:Place , dbo:Country , schema:Place , yago:YagoGeoEntity , yago:YagoPermanentlyLocatedEntity , yago:YagoLegalActorGeo , yago:District108552138 , yago:WikicatStatesAndTerritoriesEstablishedIn681 , yago:WikicatStatesAndTerritoriesEstablishedIn632 , yago:WikicatFormerSlavicCountries . @prefix umbel-rc: . dbr:First_Bulgarian_Empire rdf:type umbel-rc:Country , yago:AdministrativeDistrict108491826 . @prefix owl: . dbr:First_Bulgarian_Empire rdf:type owl:Thing . @prefix rdfs: . dbr:First_Bulgarian_Empire rdfs:label "Primer Imperio b\u00FAlgaro"@es , "\u041F\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435 \u0411\u043E\u043B\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0435 \u0446\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E"@uk , "Primer Imperi B\u00FAlgar"@ca , "Premier Empire bulgare"@fr , "Eerste Bulgaarse Rijk"@nl , "\u4FDD\u52A0\u5229\u4E9A\u7B2C\u4E00\u5E1D\u56FD"@zh , "\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u063A\u0627\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649"@ar , "F\u00F6rsta bulgariska riket"@sv , "Primo Impero bulgaro"@it , "C\u00E9ad Impireacht na Bulg\u00E1ire"@ga , "Historia Bu\u0142garii (681\u20131018)"@pl , "\u041F\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043E\u0435 \u0411\u043E\u043B\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0435 \u0446\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E"@ru , "Bulgariako Lehen Inperioa"@eu , "Prvn\u00ED bulharsk\u00E1 \u0159\u00ED\u0161e"@cs , "\uBD88\uAC00\uB9AC\uC544 \uC81C1\uC81C\uAD6D"@ko , "Primeiro Imp\u00E9rio B\u00FAlgaro"@pt , "\u03A0\u03C1\u03CE\u03C4\u03B7 \u0392\u03BF\u03C5\u03BB\u03B3\u03B1\u03C1\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u0391\u03C5\u03C4\u03BF\u03BA\u03C1\u03B1\u03C4\u03BF\u03C1\u03AF\u03B1"@el , "First Bulgarian Empire"@en , "Kekaisaran Bulgaria Pertama"@in , "\u7B2C\u4E00\u6B21\u30D6\u30EB\u30AC\u30EA\u30A2\u5E1D\u56FD"@ja ; rdfs:comment "\u062A\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u063A\u0627\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 (\u0627\u0644\u062D\u062F\u064A\u062B\u0629) \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u0641\u064A \u062F\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u063A\u0627\u0631\u064A\u0627 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064A \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0639\u0627\u0645 680 \u0623\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u063A\u0627\u0631\u060C \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062A \u062A\u062E\u0636\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u062A\u0628\u0639\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064A\u0632\u0646\u0637\u064A\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062D\u0644\u064A\u064A\u0646 \u0648\u062A\u062C\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u062D\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062A\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064A\u0646 \u0641\u064A \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0641\u064A\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064A\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062F\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u063A\u062A `\u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u062A\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062A\u0634\u0631\u062A \u0628\u064A\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u062F\u0627\u0628\u0633\u062A \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062D\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062F \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0646\u064A\u0628\u0631 (Dnieper) \u0641\u064A \u0623\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u062F\u064A\u062B\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062D\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062F\u0631\u064A\u0627\u062A\u064A\u0643\u064A (Adriatic Sea). \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062F\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0637\u062F\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062A\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064A \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u062C\u0632\u064A\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u060C \u062F\u062E\u0644\u062A \u0641\u064A \u062A\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062A \u0637\u0648\u064A\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u062F\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060C \u0648\u062F\u064A\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062D\u064A\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u062F\u0627\u0626\u064A\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0623\u062D\u064A\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062E\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064A\u0632\u0646\u0637\u064A\u0629. \u062D\u064A\u062B \u0646\u0634\u0623\u062A \u0643\u062E\u0635\u0645 \u0644\u0631\u0626\u064A\u0633 \u0628\u064A\u0632\u0646\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u062C\u0632\u064A\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u060C \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062F\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062F\u0629 \u062D\u0631\u0648\u0628. \u0648\u0631\u063A\u0645 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062A\u0645\u062A\u0639\u062A \u0643\u0644\u062A\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u062A\u064A\u0646 \u0623\u064A\u0636\u064B\u0627 \u0628\u0641\u062A\u0631\u0627\u062A \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0644\u062D \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062A\u062D\u0627\u0644\u0641\u060C \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062C\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062E\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0623\u062B\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064A \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0627\u0646\u064A \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0637\u0646\u0637\u064A\u0646\u064A\u0629\u060C \u062D\u064A\u062B \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062C\u064A\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u063A\u0627\u0631\u064A \u062F\u0648\u0631 \u062D\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0641\u064A \u0641\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0635\u0627\u0631. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0628\u064A\u0632\u0646\u0637\u0629 \u062A\u0623\u062B\u064A\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u064A \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u063A\u0627\u0631\u064A\u0629"@ar , "\u03A0\u03C1\u03CE\u03C4\u03B7 \u0392\u03BF\u03C5\u03BB\u03B3\u03B1\u03C1\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u0391\u03C5\u03C4\u03BF\u03BA\u03C1\u03B1\u03C4\u03BF\u03C1\u03AF\u03B1 \u03B5\u03AF\u03BD\u03B1\u03B9 \u03BF \u03B9\u03C3\u03C4\u03BF\u03C1\u03B9\u03BF\u03B3\u03C1\u03B1\u03C6\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC\u03C2 \u03CC\u03C1\u03BF\u03C2 \u03B3\u03B9\u03B1 \u03C4\u03BF \u03C7\u03B1\u03BD\u03AC\u03C4\u03BF, \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03B9\u03B4\u03C1\u03CD\u03B8\u03B7\u03BA\u03B5 \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5\u03C2 \u03A0\u03C1\u03C9\u03C4\u03BF\u03B2\u03BF\u03CD\u03BB\u03B3\u03B1\u03C1\u03BF\u03C5\u03C2 \u03C0\u03B5\u03C1\u03AF \u03C4\u03BF 681, \u03CC\u03C4\u03B1\u03BD \u03B5\u03B3\u03BA\u03B1\u03C4\u03B1\u03C3\u03C4\u03AC\u03B8\u03B7\u03BA\u03B1\u03BD \u03C3\u03C4\u03B1 \u03B2\u03BF\u03C1\u03B5\u03B9\u03BF\u03B1\u03BD\u03B1\u03C4\u03BF\u03BB\u03B9\u03BA\u03AC \u0392\u03B1\u03BB\u03BA\u03AC\u03BD\u03B9\u03B1, \u03C5\u03C0\u03AD\u03C4\u03B1\u03BE\u03B1\u03BD \u03AE \u03B5\u03BE\u03B5\u03B4\u03AF\u03C9\u03BE\u03B1\u03BD \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5\u03C2 \u0392\u03C5\u03B6\u03B1\u03BD\u03C4\u03B9\u03BD\u03BF\u03CD\u03C2 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03AD\u03BA\u03B1\u03BD\u03B1\u03BD \u03C3\u03C5\u03BC\u03BC\u03AC\u03C7\u03BF\u03C5\u03C2 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5\u03C2 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5\u03C2 \u039D\u03CC\u03C4\u03B9\u03BF\u03C5\u03C2 \u03A3\u03BB\u03AC\u03B2\u03BF\u03C5\u03C2 \u03B5\u03C0\u03BF\u03AF\u03BA\u03BF\u03C5\u03C2. \u0395\u03BE\u03B5\u03BB\u03AF\u03C7\u03B8\u03B7\u03BA\u03B5 \u03C3\u03B5 \u03C0\u03C1\u03B9\u03B3\u03BA\u03B9\u03C0\u03AC\u03C4\u03BF \u03C4\u03BF 864 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C3\u03B5 \u03B1\u03C5\u03C4\u03BF\u03BA\u03C1\u03B1\u03C4\u03BF\u03C1\u03AF\u03B1 \u03C0\u03B5\u03C1\u03AF \u03C4\u03BF 913-927. \u03A3\u03C4\u03BF \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC\u03B3\u03B5\u03B9\u03BF \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03B4\u03CD\u03BD\u03B1\u03BC\u03AE\u03C2 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03B7 \u0392\u03BF\u03C5\u03BB\u03B3\u03B1\u03C1\u03AF\u03B1 \u03B5\u03BA\u03C4\u03B5\u03B9\u03BD\u03CC\u03C4\u03B1\u03BD \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u039A\u03B1\u03BC\u03C0\u03AE \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u0394\u03BF\u03CD\u03BD\u03B1\u03B2\u03B7 (\u03C3\u03AE\u03BC\u03B5\u03C1\u03B1 \u03C3\u03CD\u03BD\u03BF\u03C1\u03B1 \u039F\u03C5\u03B3\u03B3\u03B1\u03C1\u03AF\u03B1\u03C2-\u03A3\u03BB\u03BF\u03B2\u03B1\u03BA\u03AF\u03B1\u03C2) \u03BC\u03AD\u03C7\u03C1\u03B9 \u03C4\u03B7 \u039C\u03B1\u03CD\u03C1\u03B7 \u0398\u03AC\u03BB\u03B1\u03C3\u03C3\u03B1 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03C4\u03BF\u03BD \u03A0\u03BF\u03C4\u03B1\u03BC\u03CC \u0394\u03BD\u03B5\u03AF\u03C0\u03B5\u03C1\u03BF \u03BC\u03AD\u03C7\u03C1\u03B9 \u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u0391\u03B4\u03C1\u03B9\u03B1\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u0398\u03AC\u03BB\u03B1\u03C3\u03C3\u03B1. \u039A\u03B1\u03B8\u03CE\u03C2 \u03C4\u03BF \u03BA\u03C1\u03AC\u03C4\u03BF\u03C2 \u03B5\u03B4\u03C1\u03B1\u03AF\u03C9\u03C3\u03B5 \u03C4\u03B7 \u03B8\u03AD\u03C3\u03B7 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C3\u03C4\u03B1 \u0392\u03B1\u03BB\u03BA\u03AC\u03BD\u03B9\u03B1, \u03BC\u03C0\u03AE\u03BA\u03B5 \u03C3\u03B5 \u03BC\u03B9\u03B1 \u03BC\u03B1\u03BA\u03C1\u03B1\u03AF\u03C9\u03BD\u03B7 \u03B1\u03BB\u03BB\u03B7\u03BB\u03B5\u03C0\u03AF\u03B4\u03C1\u03B1\u03C3\u03B7 \u03BC\u03B5 \u03C4\u03B7 \u0392\u03C5\u03B6\u03B1\u03BD\u03C4\u03B9\u03BD\u03AE \u0391\u03C5\u03C4\u03BF\u03BA\u03C1\u03B1\u03C4\u03BF\u03C1\u03AF\u03B1. \u0397 \u0392\u03BF\u03C5\u03BB\u03B3\u03B1\u03C1\u03AF\u03B1 \u03B1\u03BD\u03B1\u03B4\u03B5\u03AF\u03C7\u03B8\u03B7\u03BA\u03B5 \u03C3\u03B5 \u03BA\u03CD\u03C1\u03B9\u03BF \u03B1\u03BD\u03C4\u03B1\u03B3\u03C9\u03BD\u03B9\u03C3\u03C4\u03AE \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u0392\u03C5\u03B6\u03B1\u03BD\u03C4\u03AF\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C0\u03C1\u03BF\u03C2 \u03B2\u03BF\u03C1\u03C1\u03AC\u03BD \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5, \u03BC\u03B5 \u03B1\u03C0\u03BF\u03C4\u03AD\u03BB\u03B5\u03C3\u03BC\u03B1 \u03B1\u03C1\u03BA\u03B5\u03C4\u03BF\u03CD\u03C2 \u03C0\u03BF\u03BB\u03AD\u03BC\u03BF\u03C5\u03C2. \u039F\u03B9 \u03B4\u03CD\u03BF \u03B4\u03C5\u03BD\u03AC\u03BC\u03B5\u03B9\u03C2 \u03AD\u03B6\u03B7\u03C3\u03B1\u03BD \u03B5\u03C0\u03AF\u03C3\u03B7\u03C2 \u03C0\u03B5\u03C1\u03B9\u03CC\u03B4\u03BF\u03C5\u03C2 \u03B5"@el , "Kekaisaran Bulgaria Pertama (bahasa Bulgaria: \u041F\u044A\u0440\u0432o \u0411\u044A\u043B\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043A\u043E \u0446\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E, P\u0103rvo B\u0103lgarsko Tsarstvo) adalah negara di Bulgaria pada abad pertengahan yang didirikan pada tahun 681 di daerah dekat delta sungai Donau dan mengalami disintegerasi tahun 1018 setelah dianeksasi oleh Kekaisaran Bizantium. Pada puncak kekuasaannya, Bulgaria terbentang dari Budapest hingga Laut Hitam dan dari sungai Dnieper di Ukraina hingga Laut Adriatik."@in , "F\u00F6rsta bulgariska riket eller f\u00F6rsta bulgariska imperiet (bulgariska: \u041F\u044A\u0440\u0432o \u0431\u044A\u043B\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043A\u043E \u0446\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E, Parvo Balgarsko Tsarstvo) var en medeltida bulgarisk stat som grundades i nord\u00F6stra Balkan, n\u00E4ra Donaudeltat p\u00E5 680-talet av protobulgarerna som drev ut bysanterna och gjorde den slavisktalande befolkningen till sina allierade. Riket existerade fram till \u00E5r 1018 n\u00E4r det inf\u00F6rlivades i Bysantinska riket. Vid sin h\u00F6jdpunkt str\u00E4ckte sig det bulgariska imperiet fr\u00E5n Budapest till Svarta havet, och fr\u00E5n floden Dnepr i dagens Ukraina till Adriatiska havet."@sv , "La denominaci\u00F3n Primer Imperio b\u00FAlgaro (en b\u00FAlgaro, \u0431\u044A\u043B\u0433\u0430\u0440\u044C\u0441\u043A\u043E \u0446\u0463\u0441\u0430\u0440\u044C\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0465, b\u016Dlgar\u043Bsko c\u011Bsar\u012Dstvije) designa dos estados medievales sucesivos \u2014el (681-864) y el (864-1018)\u2014 gobernados por una aristocracia protobulgara de boyardos inicialmente tengristas que reinaron a ambos lados del Bajo Danubio, sobre poblaciones eslavas, valacas, griegas, albanesas y otras ya cristianas."@es , "Het Eerste Bulgaarse Rijk (Bulgaars: \u041F\u044A\u0440\u0432\u043E \u0411\u044A\u043B\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043A\u043E \u0446\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E, P\u0103rvo B\u0103lgarsko Tsarstvo) was van 681 tot 1018 een staat in de Donaudelta. Deze staat hield op te bestaan in 1018 doordat het gebied geannexeerd werd door het Byzantijnse Rijk. Op zijn hoogtepunt strekte het rijk zich uit van Boedapest tot aan de Zwarte Zee en van de Dnjepr tot aan de Adriatische Zee."@nl , "\u041F\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435 \u0411\u043E\u043B\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0435 \u0446\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E \u2014 \u0431\u043E\u043B\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u043D\u0430 \u043F\u0456\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0447\u0456 \u0411\u0430\u043B\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u0456\u0432\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0430, \u0449\u043E \u0456\u0441\u043D\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0430 \u0443 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0456\u043E\u0434 \u043C\u0456\u0436 681 \u0442\u0430 1018 \u0440\u043E\u043A\u0430\u043C\u0438. \u0411\u043E\u043B\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0435 \u0446\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E \u0437\u0430\u0441\u043D\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0435\u0442\u043D\u0456\u0447\u043D\u0456 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043F\u0438: \n* \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0431\u043E\u043B\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438 \u2014 \u0442\u044E\u0440\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0456 \u043F\u043B\u0435\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0430 \u043F\u0456\u0434 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0434\u043E\u043C \u0445\u0430\u043D\u0430 \u0410\u0441\u043F\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0445\u0430, \u0449\u043E \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0439\u0448\u043B\u0438 \u043D\u0430 \u0411\u0430\u043B\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0438 \u0443 VII \u0441\u0442\u043E\u043B\u0456\u0442\u0442\u0456 \u0437 \u0426\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0410\u0437\u0456\u0457; \n* \u0441\u043B\u043E\u0432'\u044F\u043D\u0438 \u2014 \u0441\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438, \u0441\u043C\u043E\u043B\u044F\u043D\u0438, \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043E\u0432\u0456\u0442\u0438, , \u0437 \u043A\u0456\u043D\u0446\u044F V \u0441\u0442\u043E\u043B\u0456\u0442\u0442\u044F \u0432\u043E\u043D\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043B\u044F\u043B\u0438 \u0420\u043E\u0434\u043E\u043F\u0438, \u041C\u0430\u043A\u0435\u0434\u043E\u043D\u0456\u044E, \u043F\u0456\u0432\u043D\u0456\u0447 \u0411\u043E\u043B\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0456\u0457; \n* \u0444\u0440\u0430\u043A\u0456\u0439\u0446\u0456 \u2014 \u043E\u0434\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0438, \u0431\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0456, , \u043C\u0435\u0437\u0438, \u0433\u0435\u0442\u0438, \u2014 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043E\u0445\u0442\u043E\u043D\u043D\u0456 \u043C\u0435\u0448\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0446\u0456 \u0424\u0440\u0430\u043A\u0456\u0457."@uk , "Ag t\u00FAs na 680id\u00ED, th\u00E1inig na treibheanna Bulg\u00E1racha faoi threoir Asparukh na Bulg\u00E1ire aduaidh trasna na Dan\u00F3ibe agus chuir siad f\u00FAthu sa t\u00EDr idir an Dan\u00F3ib \u00CDochtair agus an abhainn na Balc\u00E1ine, le pr\u00EDomhbhaile acu in Pliska. Chuir conradh s\u00EDoch\u00E1na leis an Impireacht Bhios\u00E1ntach sa bhliain 681 t\u00FAs le C\u00E9ad Impireacht na Bulg\u00E1ire. Mheasc na Bulg\u00E1raigh leis na daoine a bh\u00ED ann cheana, agus d'\u00E9irigh teanga den Shl\u00E1vaic Theas ina teanga com\u00F3nta."@ga , "Historia Bu\u0142garii (681\u20131018) \u2013 historia pierwszego pa\u0144stwa bu\u0142garskiego, istniej\u0105cego w latach 681\u20131018 na P\u00F3\u0142wyspie Ba\u0142ka\u0144skim, maj\u0105cego stolic\u0119 najpierw w Plisce, a nast\u0119pnie w Pres\u0142awiu. W okresie swego najwi\u0119kszego rozwoju terytorialnego na pocz\u0105tku IX wieku zajmowa\u0142o powierzchni\u0119 ok. 400 000 km\u00B2 i obejmowa\u0142o w ca\u0142o\u015Bci tereny dzisiejszej Bu\u0142garii, a cz\u0119\u015Bciowo r\u00F3wnie\u017C: Albanii, Czarnog\u00F3ry, Grecji, Macedonii P\u00F3\u0142nocnej, Rumunii, Serbii, Turcji, Ukrainy i W\u0119gier."@pl , "\u4FDD\u52A0\u5229\u4E9A\u7B2C\u4E00\u5E1D\u56FD\uFF08\u4FDD\u52A0\u5229\u4E9A\u8BED\uFF1A\u041F\u044A\u0440\u0432o \u0431\u044A\u043B\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043A\u043E \u0446\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\uFF09\u662F\u4FDD\u52A0\u5C14\u4EBA\u963F\u65AF\u5DF4\u9C81\u8D6B\u4E8E\u897F\u5143681\u5E74\u5728\u591A\u7459\u6CB3\u4E09\u89D2\u6D32\u5EFA\u7ACB\u7684\u4E00\u4E2A\u56FD\u5BB6\u3002\u5728\u5176\u9F0E\u76DB\u65F6\u671F\uFF0C\u7586\u57DF\u4E1C\u81F3\u9ED1\u6D77\u3001\u5357\u81F3\u7231\u7434\u6D77\u548C\u4E9A\u5F97\u91CC\u4E9A\u6D77\u3002\u4ED6\u4EEC\u5728\u897F\u5143864\u5E74\u63A5\u53D7\u4E86\u57FA\u7763\u6559\u3002\u5728681-864\u5E74\u671F\u9593\uFF0C\u4E00\u822C\u88AB\u7A31\u70BA\u201C\u4FDD\u52A0\u5C14\u6C57\u56FD\u201D\u6216\u201C\u591A\u7459\u6CB3\u4FDD\u52A0\u5229\u4E9A\u201D\u3002 \u7B2C\u4E00\u5E1D\u56FD\u4E8E\u897F\u51431018\u5E74\u88AB\u62DC\u5360\u5EAD\u5E1D\u56FD\u5DF4\u897F\u5C14\u4E8C\u4E16\u6D88\u706D\uFF0C\u5176\u7EE7\u627F\u8005\u4E3A\u897F\u51431185\u5E74\u5EFA\u7ACB\u7684\u4FDD\u52A0\u5229\u4E9A\u7B2C\u4E8C\u5E1D\u56FD\u3002"@zh , "The First Bulgarian Empire (Church Slavonic: \u0431\u043B\u044A\u0433\u0430\u0440\u044C\u0441\u043A\u043E \u0446\u0463\u0441\u0430\u0440\u044C\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0465, romanized: blagarysko tsesarystviye; Bulgarian: \u041F\u044A\u0440\u0432\u043E \u0431\u044A\u043B\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043A\u043E \u0446\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E) was a medieval Bulgar-Slavic and later Bulgarian state that existed in Southeastern Europe between the 7th and 11th centuries AD. It was founded in 680\u2013681 after part of the Bulgars, led by Asparuh, moved south to the northeastern Balkans. There they secured Byzantine recognition of their right to settle south of the Danube by defeating \u2013 possibly with the help of local South Slavic tribes \u2013 the Byzantine army led by Constantine IV. During the 9th and 10th century, Bulgaria at the height of its power spread from the Danube Bend to the Black Sea and from the Dnieper River to the Adriatic Sea and became an important power in the region competing with t"@en , "\u041F\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043E\u0435 \u0411\u043E\u043B\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0435 \u0446\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E (\u0431\u043E\u043B\u0433. \u041F\u044A\u0440\u0432o \u0431\u044A\u043B\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043A\u043E \u0446\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E, \u0441\u0442.-\u0441\u043B\u0430\u0432. \u0411\u044A\u043B\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043A\u043E \u0446\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E/\u0434\u0440\u044A\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0430) \u2014 \u043D\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0411\u043E\u043B\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0433\u043E\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0441 681 \u043F\u043E 1018 \u0433\u043E\u0434. \u041E\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043E \u0431\u0443\u043B\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043A\u0438\u043C\u0438, \u0441\u043B\u0430\u0432\u044F\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u0438 \u0444\u0440\u0430\u043A\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043A\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u043F\u043B\u0435\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u043F\u043E\u0434 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0432\u043E\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u043C \u0410\u0441\u043F\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0445\u0430. \u041D\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043E \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0433\u043B\u043E \u043F\u0440\u0438 \u0446\u0430\u0440\u0435 \u0421\u0438\u043C\u0435\u043E\u043D\u0435 I. \u0421\u0442\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0446\u0435\u0439 \u0433\u043E\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0431\u044B\u043B \u0433\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0434 \u041F\u043B\u0438\u0441\u043A\u0430, \u0441 893 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430 \u2014 \u041F\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043B\u0430\u0432, \u0441 990 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430 \u2014 \u041E\u0445\u0440\u0438\u0434. \u0412 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043E\u0434 \u043D\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043E \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u043E\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044B\u0432\u0430\u043B\u043E \u0431\u043E\u0301\u043B\u044C\u0448\u0443\u044E \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0411\u0430\u043B\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0443\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0430. \u0412 969 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043B\u0438\u043B\u043E\u0441\u044C \u043D\u0430 \u0432\u043E\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0447\u043D\u0443\u044E \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043F\u0430\u0434\u043D\u0443\u044E \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438. \u0412\u043E\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0447\u043D\u0430\u044F \u043A\u043E\u043D\u0442\u0440\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0430\u0441\u044C \u0432\u0438\u0437\u0430\u043D\u0442\u0438\u0439\u0446\u0430\u043C\u0438, \u0430 \u0417\u0430\u043F\u0430\u0434\u043D\u0430\u044F \u043E\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043B\u0430\u0441\u044C \u0437\u0430 \u0411\u043E\u043B\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0439 (\u0435\u0451 \u0438\u043D\u043E\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043D\u0430\u0437\u044B\u0432\u0430\u044E\u0442 \u0417\u0430\u043F\u0430\u0434\u043D\u043E-\u0411\u043E\u043B\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0414\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u043E\u0439). \u041F\u0440\u0435\u043A\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043B\u043E \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0432 1018 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0443 \u043F\u043E\u0441\u043B\u0435 \u0442\u043E\u0433\u043E, \u043A\u0430\u043A \u0432\u0438\u0437\u0430\u043D\u0442\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043C\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0440\u044B \u041D\u0438\u043A\u0438\u0444\u043E\u0440 \u0424\u043E\u043A\u0430, \u0418\u043E\u0430\u043D\u043D \u0426\u0438\u043C\u0438\u0441\u0445\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043B\u0438\u0439 II \u043E\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0435\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0438 \u0443 \u0431\u043E\u043B\u0433\u0430\u0440 \u0437\u0430\u043D\u044F\u0442\u044B\u0435 \u0438\u043C\u0438 \u043E\u0431\u043B\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438."@ru , "El Primer Imperi B\u00FAlgar (en b\u00FAlgar \u041F\u044A\u0440\u0432o \u0411\u044A\u043B\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043A\u043E \u0446\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E, transcrit P\u0103rvo B\u0103lgarsko tsarstvo) va ser un estat medieval b\u00FAlgar fundat l'any 632 als territoris propers al delta del Danubi. Es va desintegrar l'any 1018 despr\u00E9s de la seva annexi\u00F3 a l'Imperi Rom\u00E0 d'Orient. En el seu punt \u00E0lgid, s'estenia des de Budapest a la Mar Negra, i des del Dni\u00E8per en la Ucra\u00EFna contempor\u00E0nia, fins a la Mar Adri\u00E0tica. Fou succe\u00EFt pel Segon Imperi B\u00FAlgar, fundat l'any 1185. El nom oficial de l'estat des de comen\u00E7aments de la seva fundaci\u00F3 fou el de Bulg\u00E0ria."@ca , "\u7B2C\u4E00\u6B21\u30D6\u30EB\u30AC\u30EA\u30A2\u5E1D\u56FD\uFF08\u3060\u3044\u3044\u3061\u3058\u30D6\u30EB\u30AC\u30EA\u30A2\u3066\u3044\u3053\u304F\u3001\u6559\u4F1A\u30B9\u30E9\u30F4\u8A9E\uFF1A\u0431\u043B\u044A\u0433\u0430\u0440\u044C\u0441\u043A\u043E \u0446\u0463\u0441\u0430\u0440\u044C\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0465, \u30ED\u30FC\u30DE\u5B57\u8868\u8A18\uFF1Ablagarysko tsesarystviye\u3001\u30D6\u30EB\u30AC\u30EA\u30A2\u8A9E\uFF1A\u041F\u044A\u0440\u0432\u0430 \u0431\u044A\u043B\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043A\u0430 \u0434\u044A\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0430, \u30ED\u30FC\u30DE\u5B57\u8868\u8A18\uFF1AP\u01CE\u0301rva b\u01CE\u0301lgarska d\u01CEr\u017E\u00E1va\u3001\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1AFirst Bulgarian Empire\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u30017\u4E16\u7D00\u304B\u308911\u4E16\u7D00\u306E\u9593\u306E\u6771\u5357\u30E8\u30FC\u30ED\u30C3\u30D1\u306B\u5B58\u5728\u3057\u305F\u30D6\u30EB\u30AC\u30FC\u30EB\u4EBA\u3068\u30B9\u30E9\u30F4\u4EBA\u306E\u56FD\u5BB6\u3001\u305D\u3057\u3066\u5F8C\u306B\u30D6\u30EB\u30AC\u30EA\u30A2\u4EBA\u56FD\u5BB6\u3068\u306A\u3063\u305F\u5E1D\u56FD\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u30A2\u30B9\u30D1\u30EB\u30D5\u306B\u7387\u3044\u3089\u308C\u305F\u30D6\u30EB\u30AC\u30FC\u30EB\u4EBA\u306E\u4E00\u6D3E\u304C\u30D0\u30EB\u30AB\u30F3\u534A\u5CF6\u5317\u6771\u90E8\u3078\u5357\u9032\u3057\u305F\u5F8C\u306E680\u5E74\u304B\u3089681\u5E74\u306B\u5EFA\u56FD\u3055\u308C\u305F\u3002\u30B3\u30F3\u30B9\u30BF\u30F3\u30C6\u30A3\u30CE\u30B94\u4E16\u7387\u3044\u308B\u6771\u30ED\u30FC\u30DE\u5E1D\u56FD\uFF08\u30D3\u30B6\u30F3\u30C4\u5E1D\u56FD\uFF09\u306E\u8ECD\u968A\u306B\u30AA\u30F3\u30B0\u30ED\u30B9\u306E\u6226\u3044\u3067\u52DD\u5229\u3057\u305F\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u5F7C\u3089\u306F\u30C9\u30CA\u30A6\u5DDD\u306E\u5357\u306B\u690D\u6C11\u3059\u308B\u6A29\u5229\u306B\u3064\u3044\u3066\u6771\u30ED\u30FC\u30DE\u5074\u306E\u627F\u8A8D\u3092\u5F97\u305F\u30029\u4E16\u7D00\u304B\u308910\u4E16\u7D00\u306E\u9593\u3001\u6700\u76DB\u671F\u306E\u30D6\u30EB\u30AC\u30EA\u30A2\u306F\u30C9\u30CA\u30A6\u5927\u66F2\u304B\u3089\u9ED2\u6D77\u3001\u305D\u3057\u3066\u30C9\u30CB\u30A8\u30D7\u30EB\u5DDD\u304B\u3089\u30A2\u30C9\u30EA\u30A2\u6D77\u3078\u3068\u62E1\u5927\u3057\u3001\u6771\u30ED\u30FC\u30DE\u5E1D\u56FD\u3068\u7AF6\u5408\u3059\u308B\u5F53\u5730\u57DF\u306E\u91CD\u8981\u306A\u52E2\u529B\u3068\u306A\u3063\u305F\u3002\u7B2C\u4E00\u6B21\u30D6\u30EB\u30AC\u30EA\u30A2\u5E1D\u56FD\u306F\u4E2D\u4E16\u306E\u5927\u90E8\u5206\u3092\u901A\u3058\u3066\u3001\u5357\u30B9\u30E9\u30F4\u30FB\u30E8\u30FC\u30ED\u30C3\u30D1\u306E\u4E3B\u8981\u306A\u6587\u5316\u7684\u304B\u3064\u7CBE\u795E\u7684\u306A\u4E2D\u5FC3\u5730\u3068\u306A\u3063\u305F\u3002"@ja , "Prvn\u00ED bulharsk\u00E1 \u0159\u00ED\u0161e (bulharsky \u041F\u044A\u0440\u0432\u0430 \u0431\u044A\u043B\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043A\u0430 \u0434\u044A\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0430; Parva balgarska dar\u017Eava, staroslov\u011Bnsky \u0446\uFE22\u0440\u044C\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E \u0431\u043B\uFE22\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0435; ts'rstvo bl'garskoe) byl st\u0159edov\u011Bk\u00FD bulharsk\u00FD st\u00E1t existuj\u00EDc\u00ED v letech 681 a\u017E 1018, kter\u00FD na p\u0159echodnou dobu dos\u00E1hl v r\u00E1mci Balk\u00E1nu postaven\u00ED velmoci. Jeho zakladatelem byl ch\u00E1n Asparuch, kter\u00FD po rozpadu Star\u00E9ho Velk\u00E9ho Bulharska vedl kmeny ko\u010Dovn\u00FDch Prabulhar\u016F na Balk\u00E1nsk\u00FD poloostrov, kde spolu se slovansk\u00FDmi kmeny vytvo\u0159il nov\u00FD st\u00E1tn\u00ED \u00FAtvar, jej\u017E sousedn\u00ED mocnost, byzantsk\u00E1 \u0159\u00ED\u0161e, roku 681 form\u00E1ln\u011B uznala v m\u00EDrov\u00E9 smlouv\u011B. Bulharsk\u00FD st\u00E1t v dal\u0161\u00EDch letech postupn\u011B expandoval, stal se protiv\u00E1hou byzantsk\u00E9ho vlivu na Balk\u00E1n\u011B a brzdou p\u0159\u00EDpadn\u00E9 asimilace slovansk\u00FDch kmen\u016F pod byzantskou nadvl\u00E1dou. Bulhar\u0161t\u00ED ch\u00E1ni b\u011Bhem 8. stolet\u00ED tak\u00E9 n\u011Bkolikr\u00E1t zas\u00E1hli do vnit\u0159n\u00ED politiky Byz"@cs , "Il Primo Impero bulgaro (in bulgaro: \u041F\u044A\u0440\u0432o \u0431\u044A\u043B\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043A\u043E \u0446\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E?, traslitterato: P\u0103rvo b\u0103lgarsko c'arstvo o \u041F\u044A\u0440\u0432\u0430 \u0431\u044A\u043B\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043A\u0430 \u0434\u044A\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0430, P\u0103rva b\u0103lgarska d\u0103r\u017Eava, in antico slavo ecclesiastico: \u0446\u0463\u0441\u0430\u0440\u044C\u0441\u044C\u0442\u0432\u043E \u0431\u043B\u044A\u0433\u0430\u0440\u044A) fu uno Stato medievale fondato nella penisola balcanica nel 681 dai proto-bulgari, insieme a sette trib\u00F9 slave meridionali."@it , "O Primeiro Imp\u00E9rio B\u00FAlgaro (em antigo eslavo eclesi\u00E1stico: \u0411\u043B\u044A\u0433\u0430\u0440\u044C\u0441\u043A\u043E \u0426\u0463\u0441\u0430\u0440\u044C\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0465, rom. Blga\u0155sko C\u00E4sa\u0155stvije) foi um estado protob\u00FAlgaro-eslavo medieval que existiu no B\u00E1lc\u00E3s entre os s\u00E9culos VII e XI. Foi fundada em [680 ou 681 depois que parte dos protob\u00FAlgaros liderados por Asparuque se moveram para o sul para o nordeste dos B\u00E1lc\u00E3s. L\u00E1, eles garantiram o reconhecimento bizantino de seu direito de se estabelecer ao sul do Dan\u00FAbio, derrotando - possivelmente com a ajuda de tribos eslavas meridionais locais - o ex\u00E9rcito bizantino liderado por Constantino IV. No auge de seu poder, a Bulg\u00E1ria se espalhou da Curva do Dan\u00FAbio at\u00E9 o Mar Negro e do rio Dniepre at\u00E9 o Mar Adri\u00E1tico e se tornou uma grande pot\u00EAncia medieval europeia nos s\u00E9culos IX e X, juntamente com os imp\u00E9rios bizantino e franco. "@pt , "Bulgariako Lehen Inperioa (bulgarieraz: \u0446\uFE22\u0440\u044C\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E \u0431\u043B\uFE22\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0435, ts'rstvo bl'garskoe) Erdi Aroko bulgariar estatua izan zen, hego-ekialdeko Europan VII. eta XI. mendeen artean iraun zuena. Une gorenean, Simeon I.aren agintaldian (893-927), Danubiotik Itsaso Beltzeraino eta Dnieperretik Itsaso Adriatikoaraino hedatzen zen."@eu , "La d\u00E9nomination Premier Empire bulgare (en bulgare : \u0431\u044A\u043B\u0433\u0430\u0440\u044C\u0441\u043A\u043E \u0446\u0463\u0441\u0430\u0440\u044C\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0465, b\u016Dlgar\u043Bsko c\u011Bsar\u012Dstvije) d\u00E9signe deux \u00C9tats m\u00E9di\u00E9vaux successifs : le khanat bulgare du Danube (681-864) et le tsarat bulgare (864-1018) gouvern\u00E9s par une aristocratie proto-bulgare de boyards initialement tengristes, convertis au christianisme oriental \u00E0 partir de 864 et r\u00E9gnant, de part et d\u2019autre du bas-Danube, sur des populations slaves, valaques, grecques, albanaises et autres, d\u00E9j\u00E0 chr\u00E9tiennes. Cet \u00C9tat du sud-est de l\u2019Europe, fond\u00E9 \u00E0 la suite de la victoire bulgare d\u2019Ongal gagn\u00E9e par Asparoukh contre les Byzantins de Constantin IV, exista entre le VIIe si\u00E8cle et le XIe si\u00E8cle. Il r\u00E9alisa une brillante osmose culturelle entre ses diff\u00E9rentes composantes, adoptant le nom de sa noblesse fondatrice (\u0411\u044A\u043B\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044F et"@fr , "\uBD88\uAC00\uB9AC\uC544 \uC81C1\uC81C\uAD6D(\uC601\uC5B4: First Bulgarian Empire) \uB610\uB294 \uBD88\uAC00\uB9AC\uC544 \uC81C1\uCC28\uB974\uAD6D(\uBD88\uAC00\uB9AC\uC544\uC5B4: \u041F\u044A\u0440\u0432o \u0431\u044A\u043B\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043A\u043E \u0446\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E \uD37C\uB974\uBCF4 \uBC8C\uAC00\uB974\uC2A4\uCF54 \uCC28\uB974\uC2A4\uD2B8\uBCF4)\uC740 680\uB144\uACBD \uBD88\uAC00\uB974\uC778\uB4E4\uC774 \uBC1C\uCE78 \uBC18\uB3C4 \uB3D9\uBD81\uBD80\uC5D0 \uAC74\uAD6D\uD55C \uC911\uC138 \uAD6D\uAC00\uC774\uB2E4. \uBD88\uAC00\uB974\uC778\uB4E4\uC740 \uBE44\uC794\uD2F0\uC6C0 \uC81C\uAD6D\uC744 \uBAB0\uC544\uB0B8 \uD6C4 \uB0A8\uC2AC\uB77C\uBE0C\uC871 \uC815\uCC29\uBBFC\uB4E4\uACFC \uB3D9\uB9F9\uC744 \uB9FA\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uADF8\uB4E4\uC758 \uC601\uD5A5\uB825\uC740 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dbt:Transl , dbt:Refbegin , dbt:Refend , dbt:Reflist , dbt:Commons_category-inline , dbt:Cref2 ; dbo:thumbnail ; dbp:alt "A medieval church"@en , "A page of a medieval manuscript"@en ; dbp:caption "Khan Krum defeats the Byzantine Emperor Nicephorus I in the battle of the Varbitsa Pass, Manasses Chronicle"@en , "Khan Krum feasts with the skull cup of Nicephorus after the victory at the Varbitsa Pass, Manasses Chronicle"@en ; dbp:direction "vertical"@en ; dbp:era "Middle Ages"@en ; dbp:event "Simeon I assumes the title of Tsar"@en , dbr:Christianization_of_Bulgaria , "Adoption of Old Bulgarian as a national language"@en ; dbp:footer "Above: Church of St. Sophia, Ohrid Below: Church of Our Lady, Kostur"@en ; dbp:governmentType dbr:Autocracy , dbr:Absolute_monarchy ; dbp:image "Ohrid $ .JPG"@en , 51 , 52 , "Kastoria Panagia Koumbelidiki.jpg"@en ; dbp:imageMap "File:Balkans850.png"@en ; dbp:leader dbr:Ivan_Vladislav_of_Bulgaria , dbr:Asparuh_of_Bulgaria ; dbp:p "Old Great Bulgaria"@en , "Byzantine Empire under the Heraclian dynasty"@en ; dbp:s "Second Bulgarian Empire"@en , "Byzantine Empire under the Macedonian dynasty"@en ; dbp:width 220 ; dbp:imageMapCaption "First Bulgarian Empire in 850"@en ; dbo:abstract "\u03A0\u03C1\u03CE\u03C4\u03B7 \u0392\u03BF\u03C5\u03BB\u03B3\u03B1\u03C1\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u0391\u03C5\u03C4\u03BF\u03BA\u03C1\u03B1\u03C4\u03BF\u03C1\u03AF\u03B1 \u03B5\u03AF\u03BD\u03B1\u03B9 \u03BF \u03B9\u03C3\u03C4\u03BF\u03C1\u03B9\u03BF\u03B3\u03C1\u03B1\u03C6\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC\u03C2 \u03CC\u03C1\u03BF\u03C2 \u03B3\u03B9\u03B1 \u03C4\u03BF \u03C7\u03B1\u03BD\u03AC\u03C4\u03BF, \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03B9\u03B4\u03C1\u03CD\u03B8\u03B7\u03BA\u03B5 \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5\u03C2 \u03A0\u03C1\u03C9\u03C4\u03BF\u03B2\u03BF\u03CD\u03BB\u03B3\u03B1\u03C1\u03BF\u03C5\u03C2 \u03C0\u03B5\u03C1\u03AF \u03C4\u03BF 681, \u03CC\u03C4\u03B1\u03BD \u03B5\u03B3\u03BA\u03B1\u03C4\u03B1\u03C3\u03C4\u03AC\u03B8\u03B7\u03BA\u03B1\u03BD \u03C3\u03C4\u03B1 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\u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C3\u03C5\u03B3\u03C7\u03C1\u03CC\u03BD\u03C9\u03C2 \u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03B5\u03BD\u03AF\u03C3\u03C7\u03C5\u03C3\u03B7 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03B4\u03B7\u03BC\u03B9\u03BF\u03C5\u03C1\u03B3\u03AF\u03B1\u03C2 \u03BC\u03B9\u03B1\u03C2 \u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03BA\u03C1\u03B9\u03C4\u03AE\u03C2 \u0392\u03BF\u03C5\u03BB\u03B3\u03B1\u03C1\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE\u03C2 \u03C4\u03B1\u03C5\u03C4\u03CC\u03C4\u03B7\u03C4\u03B1\u03C2."@el , "F\u00F6rsta bulgariska riket eller f\u00F6rsta bulgariska imperiet (bulgariska: \u041F\u044A\u0440\u0432o \u0431\u044A\u043B\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043A\u043E \u0446\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E, Parvo Balgarsko Tsarstvo) var en medeltida bulgarisk stat som grundades i nord\u00F6stra Balkan, n\u00E4ra Donaudeltat p\u00E5 680-talet av protobulgarerna som drev ut bysanterna och gjorde den slavisktalande befolkningen till sina allierade. Riket existerade fram till \u00E5r 1018 n\u00E4r det inf\u00F6rlivades i Bysantinska riket. Vid sin h\u00F6jdpunkt str\u00E4ckte sig det bulgariska imperiet fr\u00E5n Budapest till Svarta havet, och fr\u00E5n floden Dnepr i dagens Ukraina till Adriatiska havet. Efter antagandet av kristendomen \u00E5r 864 blev Bulgarien ett kulturellt centrum i det slaviska Europa. Den ledande kulturella st\u00E4llningen bef\u00E4stes ytterligare med uppkomsten av det kyrilliska alfabetet. Litteratur p\u00E5 b\u00F6rjade snart spridas norr om Bulgarien och det \u00E4ldsta slaviska skriftspr\u00E5ket kom att bli \"lingua franca\" i \u00F6stra Europa, d\u00E4r det lokalt kom att kallas \"fornkyrkoslaviska\". Det kom att dr\u00F6ja fram till \u00E5r 927 f\u00F6r det bulgariska patriarkatet att bli officiellt erk\u00E4nt. 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\u0627\u0644\u062A\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0628\u0637\u0631\u064A\u0631\u0643\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u063A\u0627\u0631\u064A\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064A \u0648\u0642\u062A \u0644\u0627\u062D\u0642 \u0648\u0643\u0631\u062F \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062A\u0623\u062B\u064A\u0631\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064A\u0632\u0646\u0637\u064A\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064A\u0633\u0629\u060C \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062A\u0623\u062B\u064A\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u063A\u0648\u0645\u064A\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0628\u0644\u063A\u0627\u0631\u064A\u0627 \u0641\u064A \u0645\u0646\u062A\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631. \u0641\u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062A\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631\u060C \u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u062F\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u063A\u0627\u0631\u064A\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062D\u0644\u064A\u064A\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062E\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0639\u062F\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0641\u064A\u064A\u0646 \u0648\u062A\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062A\u064A\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u062A\u062F\u0631\u064A\u062C\u064A\u064B\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062A\u0645\u062F\u0648\u0627 \u0644\u063A\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064A\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062E\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631\u060C \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062D \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u00AB\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u063A\u0627\u0631\u00BB \u0648\u00AB\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u063A\u0627\u0631\u064A\u0629\u00BB \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064A\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062D \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062D\u0644\u064A\u064A\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062F\u0628 \u0648\u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u062D\u062F\u062B\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062F \u0623\u062F\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064A \u062A\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062A\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0641\u064A\u0629\u060C \u0641\u064A \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062A\u060C \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062A\u0637\u0648\u064A\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u0645\u064A\u0632 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u063A\u0627\u0631\u064A\u0629."@ar , "\u041F\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435 \u0411\u043E\u043B\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0435 \u0446\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E \u2014 \u0431\u043E\u043B\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u043D\u0430 \u043F\u0456\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0447\u0456 \u0411\u0430\u043B\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u0456\u0432\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0430, \u0449\u043E \u0456\u0441\u043D\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0430 \u0443 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0456\u043E\u0434 \u043C\u0456\u0436 681 \u0442\u0430 1018 \u0440\u043E\u043A\u0430\u043C\u0438. \u0411\u043E\u043B\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0435 \u0446\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E \u0437\u0430\u0441\u043D\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0435\u0442\u043D\u0456\u0447\u043D\u0456 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043F\u0438: \n* \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0431\u043E\u043B\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438 \u2014 \u0442\u044E\u0440\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0456 \u043F\u043B\u0435\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0430 \u043F\u0456\u0434 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0434\u043E\u043C \u0445\u0430\u043D\u0430 \u0410\u0441\u043F\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0445\u0430, \u0449\u043E \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0439\u0448\u043B\u0438 \u043D\u0430 \u0411\u0430\u043B\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0438 \u0443 VII \u0441\u0442\u043E\u043B\u0456\u0442\u0442\u0456 \u0437 \u0426\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0410\u0437\u0456\u0457; \n* \u0441\u043B\u043E\u0432'\u044F\u043D\u0438 \u2014 \u0441\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438, \u0441\u043C\u043E\u043B\u044F\u043D\u0438, \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043E\u0432\u0456\u0442\u0438, , \u0437 \u043A\u0456\u043D\u0446\u044F V \u0441\u0442\u043E\u043B\u0456\u0442\u0442\u044F \u0432\u043E\u043D\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043B\u044F\u043B\u0438 \u0420\u043E\u0434\u043E\u043F\u0438, \u041C\u0430\u043A\u0435\u0434\u043E\u043D\u0456\u044E, \u043F\u0456\u0432\u043D\u0456\u0447 \u0411\u043E\u043B\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0456\u0457; \n* \u0444\u0440\u0430\u043A\u0456\u0439\u0446\u0456 \u2014 \u043E\u0434\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0438, \u0431\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0456, , \u043C\u0435\u0437\u0438, \u0433\u0435\u0442\u0438, \u2014 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043E\u0445\u0442\u043E\u043D\u043D\u0456 \u043C\u0435\u0448\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0446\u0456 \u0424\u0440\u0430\u043A\u0456\u0457. \u041D\u0430\u0439\u0431\u0456\u043B\u044C\u0448\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0440\u043E\u0437\u043A\u0432\u0456\u0442\u0443 \u0434\u043E\u0441\u044F\u0433\u043B\u043E \u0437\u0430 \u0446\u0430\u0440\u044F \u0421\u0438\u043C\u0435\u043E\u043D\u0430 I. \u0421\u0442\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0446\u0435\u044E \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0438 \u0441\u043F\u043E\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043A\u0443 \u0431\u0443\u043B\u043E \u043C\u0456\u0441\u0442\u043E \u041F\u043B\u0438\u0441\u043A\u0430, \u043F\u043E\u0442\u0456\u043C \u0437 893 \u0440\u043E\u043A\u0443 \u2014 \u041F\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043B\u0430\u0432. \u0414\u043E \u0441\u043A\u043B\u0430\u0434\u0443 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0438 \u0432\u0445\u043E\u0434\u0438\u043B\u0430 \u0456 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043D\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u0441\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0423\u043A\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043D\u0438, \u0437\u043E\u043A\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0430 \u0417\u0430\u043A\u0430\u0440\u043F\u0430\u0442\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0430 \u043E\u0431\u043B\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0442\u0430 \u043F\u0456\u0432\u0434\u0435\u043D\u044C \u0441\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u041E\u0434\u0435\u0449\u0438\u043D\u0438 \u2014 \u0456\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0411\u0443\u0434\u0436\u0430\u043A."@uk , "Il Primo Impero bulgaro (in bulgaro: \u041F\u044A\u0440\u0432o \u0431\u044A\u043B\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043A\u043E \u0446\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E?, traslitterato: P\u0103rvo b\u0103lgarsko c'arstvo o \u041F\u044A\u0440\u0432\u0430 \u0431\u044A\u043B\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043A\u0430 \u0434\u044A\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0430, P\u0103rva b\u0103lgarska d\u0103r\u017Eava, in antico slavo ecclesiastico: \u0446\u0463\u0441\u0430\u0440\u044C\u0441\u044C\u0442\u0432\u043E \u0431\u043B\u044A\u0433\u0430\u0440\u044A) fu uno Stato medievale fondato nella penisola balcanica nel 681 dai proto-bulgari, insieme a sette trib\u00F9 slave meridionali. All'apogeo del suo dominio si espandeva da Budapest al mar Nero, dal fiume Dnepr nell'odierna Ucraina al mar Adriatico. Dopo che lo Stato riusc\u00EC a fissare la propria posizione all'interno dei Balcani, entr\u00F2 in un rapporto plurisecolare, a volte amichevole, a volte apertamente ostile, con l'Impero bizantino. La Bulgaria emerse come il principale antagonista di Bisanzio nei Balcani, antagonismo che suscit\u00F2 diverse guerre. Le due potenze tuttavia condivisero periodi di pace e di alleanza, soprattutto durante il secondo assedio arabo di Costantinopoli, durante il quale i Bulgari ebbero un ruolo cruciale nel porre fine all'assedio. Bisanzio ebbe una forte influenza culturale sulla Bulgaria, processo che port\u00F2 in seguito alla cristianizzazione della Bulgaria nell'864. Dopo la disintegrazione del khaganato degli avari, i bulgari espansero il proprio territorio fino alla pianura Pannonica (odierna Ungheria). In seguito i bulgari si opposero all'avanzata dei peceneghi e dei cumani, e conseguirono una vittoria decisiva sui magiari, costringendoli a stabilirsi permanentemente in Pannonia. Alla fine del IX secolo e all'inizio del X secolo, lo zar Simeone I consegu\u00EC una serie di vittorie sui bizantini ed espanse l'Impero bulgaro al massimo della sua estensione. Dopo l'annientamento dell'esercito bizantino nella battaglia di Anchialo nel 917, i bulgari misero sotto nel 923 e ancora nel 924. Tuttavia, i bizantini riuscirono a riprendersi e nel 1014, sotto Basilio II, inflissero una devastante sconfitta ai bulgari nella battaglia di Kleidion. Nel 1018 le ultime roccaforti bulgare si arresero all'impero bizantino e il primo impero bulgaro cess\u00F2 di esistere. Gli succedette il secondo impero bulgaro nel 1185. Dopo l'adozione del cristianesimo nell'864, la Bulgaria divenne, per un certo periodo, il centro culturale dell'Europa slava. La sua posizione culturale dominante venne ulteriormente consolidata con l'invenzione dell'alfabeto cirillico nella capitale Preslav, per cui in breve cominci\u00F2 a diffondersi una letteratura in lingua bulgara antica. L'antico bulgaro si presentava come una variante poco differenziata della lingua franca utilizzata in tutta l'Europa orientale, cio\u00E8 l'antico slavo ecclesiastico. Nel 927 venne riconosciuta la piena indipendenza del patriarcato bulgaro. In seguito, come reazione alle influenze bizantine sulla chiesa, nacque il movimento dei bogomili nella met\u00E0 del X secolo."@it , "Prvn\u00ED bulharsk\u00E1 \u0159\u00ED\u0161e (bulharsky \u041F\u044A\u0440\u0432\u0430 \u0431\u044A\u043B\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043A\u0430 \u0434\u044A\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0430; Parva balgarska dar\u017Eava, staroslov\u011Bnsky \u0446\uFE22\u0440\u044C\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E \u0431\u043B\uFE22\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0435; ts'rstvo bl'garskoe) byl st\u0159edov\u011Bk\u00FD bulharsk\u00FD st\u00E1t existuj\u00EDc\u00ED v letech 681 a\u017E 1018, kter\u00FD na p\u0159echodnou dobu dos\u00E1hl v r\u00E1mci Balk\u00E1nu postaven\u00ED velmoci. Jeho zakladatelem byl ch\u00E1n Asparuch, kter\u00FD po rozpadu Star\u00E9ho Velk\u00E9ho Bulharska vedl kmeny ko\u010Dovn\u00FDch Prabulhar\u016F na Balk\u00E1nsk\u00FD poloostrov, kde spolu se slovansk\u00FDmi kmeny vytvo\u0159il nov\u00FD st\u00E1tn\u00ED \u00FAtvar, jej\u017E sousedn\u00ED mocnost, byzantsk\u00E1 \u0159\u00ED\u0161e, roku 681 form\u00E1ln\u011B uznala v m\u00EDrov\u00E9 smlouv\u011B. Bulharsk\u00FD st\u00E1t v dal\u0161\u00EDch letech postupn\u011B expandoval, stal se protiv\u00E1hou byzantsk\u00E9ho vlivu na Balk\u00E1n\u011B a brzdou p\u0159\u00EDpadn\u00E9 asimilace slovansk\u00FDch kmen\u016F pod byzantskou nadvl\u00E1dou. Bulhar\u0161t\u00ED ch\u00E1ni b\u011Bhem 8. stolet\u00ED tak\u00E9 n\u011Bkolikr\u00E1t zas\u00E1hli do vnit\u0159n\u00ED politiky Byzance; za ch\u00E1na Kruma do\u0161lo k velk\u00E9mu n\u00E1r\u016Fstu bulharsk\u00E9 moci, kter\u00FD se odrazil i v ne\u00FAsp\u011B\u0161n\u00E9m bulharsk\u00E9m pokusu o dobyt\u00ED Konstantinopole, hlavn\u00EDho m\u011Bsta byzantsk\u00E9 \u0159\u00ED\u0161e, roku 813. Krum\u016Fv n\u00E1stupce Omurtag vytvo\u0159il v \u0159\u00ED\u0161i ji\u017E ucelen\u011Bj\u0161\u00ED spr\u00E1vu zalo\u017Eenou na syst\u00E9mu \u017Eup pod kontrolou ch\u00E1nov\u00FDch \u00FA\u0159edn\u00EDk\u016F. Po celou dobu bulharsk\u00E1 \u0159\u00ED\u0161e postupn\u011B s\u00EDlila, av\u0161ak jej\u00ED mezin\u00E1rodn\u00ED postaven\u00ED nebylo dostate\u010Dn\u011B pevn\u00E9, dokud ch\u00E1n Boris nep\u0159ijal roku 864 k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ED v\u00FDchodn\u00EDho ritu s \u0159e\u010Dtinou jako liturgick\u00FDm jazykem. Aby v\u0161ak Boris omezil vliv \u0159eck\u00E9ho kl\u00E9ru na sv\u00E9m \u00FAzem\u00ED, poskytl v Bulharsku azyl Metod\u011Bjov\u00FDm \u017E\u00E1k\u016Fm pot\u00E9, co byli vyhn\u00E1ni z Velk\u00E9 Moravy; jimi propagovan\u00E1 slovansk\u00E1 liturgie se vz\u00E1p\u011Bt\u00ED v Bulharsku rychle roz\u0161\u00ED\u0159ila, \u010D\u00EDm\u017E se sice zprvu limitoval i vliv byzantsk\u00E9 \u0159\u00ED\u0161e na bulharsk\u00FD st\u00E1t, pozd\u011Bji se v\u0161ak uk\u00E1zalo, \u017Ee riziko spojen\u00E9 s t\u00EDm, \u017Ee n\u011Bkter\u00E9 \u010D\u00E1sti \u0159\u00ED\u0161e budou politicky t\u00E1hnout sp\u00ED\u0161e k Byzanci existuje. Tehdej\u0161\u00ED Bulharsko proto vys\u00EDlalo dal\u0161\u00ED vzd\u011Blan\u00E9 c\u00EDrkevn\u00ED z\u00E1stupce do vzd\u00E1len\u011Bj\u0161\u00EDch \u00FAzem\u00ED \u0159\u00ED\u0161e; jednalo se o \u017E\u00E1ky Cyrila a Metod\u011Bje. Nejv\u011Bt\u0161\u00EDho rozsahu dos\u00E1hla bulharsk\u00E1 \u0159\u00ED\u0161e za kn\u00ED\u017Eete a posl\u00E9ze cara Symeona. Za vl\u00E1dy jeho syna Petra v\u0161ak ji\u017E n\u00E1sledoval \u00FApadek. Ke konci 10. stolet\u00ED ovl\u00E1dla Bulharsko byzantsk\u00E1 \u0159\u00ED\u0161e, i kdy\u017E z\u00E1padn\u00ED \u010D\u00E1sti bulharsk\u00E9ho \u00FAzem\u00ED si pod vl\u00E1dou komitopul\u016F udr\u017Eely nez\u00E1vislost. Nejmlad\u0161\u00ED z nich, Samuel, dobyl nazp\u011Bt n\u011Bkter\u00E1 ztracen\u00E1 \u00FAzem\u00ED a na po\u010D\u00E1tku jeho vl\u00E1dy dos\u00E1hl bulharsk\u00FD st\u00E1t do\u010Dasn\u011B op\u011Bt pozice region\u00E1ln\u00ED velmoci. Po jeho smrti ji\u017E Bulha\u0159i ztr\u00E1celi dal\u0161\u00ED a dal\u0161\u00ED \u00FAzem\u00ED, a\u017E byly zbytky prvn\u00ED bulharsk\u00E9 \u0159\u00ED\u0161e p\u0159ipojeny k Byzanci. Na konci 12. stolet\u00ED se bulharsk\u00FD st\u00E1t op\u011Bt obnovil jako\u017Eto druh\u00E1 bulharsk\u00E1 \u0159\u00ED\u0161e. V pr\u016Fb\u011Bhu svoj\u00ED existence se \u0159\u00ED\u0161e p\u0159etvo\u0159ila z obrann\u00E9ho svazu proti vn\u011Bj\u0161\u00EDm nep\u0159\u00E1tel\u016Fm mezi Slovany a p\u016Fvodn\u00EDmi turkick\u00FDmi Bulhary ve st\u0159edov\u011Bk\u00FD st\u00E1t s jednotnou slovanskou kulturou, proto\u017Ee mnohem m\u00E9n\u011B po\u010Detn\u00ED Prabulha\u0159i, a\u010Dkoliv m\u011Bli zpo\u010D\u00E1tku ve st\u00E1t\u011B dominantn\u00ED postaven\u00ED, se sm\u00EDsili se slovanskou populac\u00ED a asimilovali se. P\u0159ev\u00E1\u017En\u011B slovansk\u00FD charakter st\u00E1tu se projevil roku 864, kdy\u017E vl\u00E1dce \u0159\u00ED\u0161e, p\u016Fvodn\u011B zvan\u00FD ch\u00E1n, p\u0159ijal slovansk\u00FD kn\u00ED\u017Eec\u00ED titul. Roku 864 z\u00E1rove\u0148 Bulha\u0159i (v t\u00E9 dob\u011B ji\u017E t\u00E9m\u011B\u0159 homogenn\u00ED slovansk\u00FD n\u00E1rod) p\u0159ijali k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ED a z\u00E1rove\u0148 se b\u011Bhem prvn\u00EDch stalet\u00ED spole\u010Dnost postupn\u011B v\u00FDvojov\u011B posunula od kmenov\u00E9 struktury k feud\u00E1ln\u00EDmu \u0159\u00E1du, p\u0159i\u010Dem\u017E zem\u011B byla rozd\u011Blena na takzvan\u00E9 \u017Eupy neboli komit\u00E9ty s vl\u00E1dn\u00EDm \u00FA\u0159edn\u00EDkem (kom\u00E9tem, \u017Eupanem) v \u010Dele. Spolu se zaveden\u00EDm staroslov\u011Bn\u0161tiny jako liter\u00E1rn\u00EDho a liturgick\u00E9ho jazyka a s t\u00EDm i hlaholice, respektive cyrilice, do\u0161lo b\u011Bhem vl\u00E1dy Symeona I. k rozkv\u011Btu bulharsk\u00E9 vzd\u011Blanosti a p\u00EDsemnictv\u00ED."@cs , "La denominaci\u00F3n Primer Imperio b\u00FAlgaro (en b\u00FAlgaro, \u0431\u044A\u043B\u0433\u0430\u0440\u044C\u0441\u043A\u043E \u0446\u0463\u0441\u0430\u0440\u044C\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0465, b\u016Dlgar\u043Bsko c\u011Bsar\u012Dstvije) designa dos estados medievales sucesivos \u2014el (681-864) y el (864-1018)\u2014 gobernados por una aristocracia protobulgara de boyardos inicialmente tengristas que reinaron a ambos lados del Bajo Danubio, sobre poblaciones eslavas, valacas, griegas, albanesas y otras ya cristianas. Los protob\u00FAlgaros eran un pueblo n\u00F3mada y belicoso procedente de Asia Central, emparentado con los hunos. De hecho, los primeros janes b\u00FAlgaros hac\u00EDan remontar sus or\u00EDgenes al huno Atila. Ya en la primera mitad del siglo VII, bajo el gobierno del kan Kubrat, hab\u00EDan formado un reino al norte del mar Negro, que los bizantinos denominaban Magna Bulgaria. Despu\u00E9s de la muerte de Kubrat el kanato se reparti\u00F3 entre sus hijos que, ante la presi\u00F3n de los j\u00E1zaros y desoyendo los consejos de su padre de mantenerse unidos, se dispersaron: Batbayan, el mayor qued\u00F3 a cargo del Estado con una tercera parte de la poblaci\u00F3n; otra parte se desplaz\u00F3 hacia el este \u2014a la confluencia de los r\u00EDos Volga y Kama, donde llegar\u00EDan a formar el estado de la Bulgaria del Volga\u2014 y otro grupo, de entre 500-800 000 personas,\u200B\u200B\u200B al mando del jan Asparukh, tercer hijo de Kubrat, se estableci\u00F3 en las tierras bajas de los r\u00EDos Danubio, Dni\u00E9ster y Dni\u00E9per, aprovechando que Constantinopla estaba sitiada por las tropas de Muawiya I, califa omeya de Bagdad (674-678). Desde all\u00ED, los protob\u00FAlgaros hostigaron a las guarniciones bizantinas y realizaron frecuentes expediciones de saqueo. Cuando concluy\u00F3 el asedio en 680, el emperador bizantino Constantino IV march\u00F3 en una expedici\u00F3n punitiva contra los protob\u00FAlgaros y sus aliados eslavos y les forz\u00F3 a refugiarse en un campamento fortificado. El emperador abandon\u00F3 la campa\u00F1a por motivos de salud, el desaliento cundi\u00F3 entre sus filas y comenzaron las deserciones. Los hombres de Asparukh rompieron el bloqueo y derrotaron a las tropas enemigas en la batalla de Ongala en 681. Tras la victoria, Asparukh se dirigi\u00F3 r\u00E1pidamente tierra adentro, conquistando las provincias bizantinas de Mesia y Escitia Menor (Dobruja), ampliando su reino hasta el interior de la pen\u00EDnsula balc\u00E1nica.\u200B Constantino IV se vio obligado a solicitar la paz y aceptar la existencia del nuevo estado b\u00FAlgaro, pag\u00E1ndole un humillante tributo anual para evitar nuevas incursiones, fecha considerada el nacimiento de la moderna Bulgaria. Tervel (r. 700/701-718/721), sucesor de Asparukh, fij\u00F3 las fronteras y consolid\u00F3 su posici\u00F3n en los Balcanes, convirti\u00E9ndose en una gran potencia militar. Bulgaria entr\u00F3 en un per\u00EDodo de varios siglos de relaciones a veces amistosas, pero en su mayor\u00EDa hostiles, con el Imperio bizantino. Emergiendo como el principal adversario del Imperio bizantino en el norte, los b\u00FAlgaros sin embargo salvaron a Constantinopla, especialmente durante el segundo asedio \u00E1rabe de la capital imperial, cuando rompieron el asedio y tras derrotar a un ej\u00E9rcito de 26 000 hombres dispersaron a los asaltantes, eliminando as\u00ED la amenaza de una invasi\u00F3n \u00E1rabe a gran escala hacia Europa Central y Oriental.\u200BConstantinopla, por su parte, ejerci\u00F3 una fuerte influencia cultural, arquitect\u00F3nica, religiosa y literaria en Bulgaria. Krum (r. 802-814),\u200B despu\u00E9s de la desintegraci\u00F3n del kanato \u00E1varo, comenz\u00F3 en 804 a expandir su territorio hacia el noroeste hacia la llanura del Danubio Medio (hoy llanura de Panonia). Posteriormente, los b\u00FAlgaros pusieron fin al avance de los pechenegos y de los cumanos por el Danubio y obtuvieron una contundente victoria sobre los magiares en Budjak, lo que oblig\u00F3 a estos \u00FAltimos a establecerse de forma permanente en la misma llanura de Panonia. Tras derrotar y asesinar al emperador bizantino Nic\u00E9foro I en la batalla de Pliska (811)\u200B Krum duplic\u00F3 el territorio del pa\u00EDs. Tambi\u00E9n introdujo el primer c\u00F3digo civil escrito, v\u00E1lido para los eslavos y protob\u00FAlgaros. A finales del siglo IX y principios del X, el zar Sime\u00F3n I (r. 893-927) logr\u00F3 una serie de victorias sobre los bizantinos, alcanzando el estado su apogeo tanto pol\u00EDtico como cultural:\u200B su imperio, con capital en Preslav, se extend\u00EDa desde el recodo del Danubio hasta el Dnieper (en la actual Ucrania) y desde el mar Adri\u00E1tico hasta el mar Negro, dejando a los bizantinos solo las costas de las actuales Albania, Grecia y Tracia. Su plan, que estuvo cerca de ver realizado, era unificar bajo su poder las monarqu\u00EDas b\u00FAlgara y bizantina. Los bizantinos reconocieron a Sime\u00F3n el t\u00EDtulo de \u00ABC\u00E9sar\u00BB (en b\u00FAlgaro, Tzar es decir, 'emperador', de ah\u00ED el nombre del Primer \u00ABImperio\u00BB b\u00FAlgaro dado a su estado por la historiograf\u00EDa moderna. Despu\u00E9s de la aniquilaci\u00F3n del ej\u00E9rcito bizantino en la batalla de Anquialo en 917, una de las batallas m\u00E1s sangrientas en la Edad Media,\u200B los b\u00FAlgaros pusieron sitio a Constantinopla en 923 y 924. Tras la muerte de Sime\u00F3n, la decadencia de la autoridad real, las luchas din\u00E1sticas y los ataques externos de pueblos como croatas, magiares, pechenegos y serbios y la propagaci\u00F3n de la religi\u00F3n de los bogomilos fueron minando al estado b\u00FAlgaro.\u200B\u200B Esto dio lugar a invasiones consecutivas por parte del Rus de Kiev y Bizancio, que terminaron con la toma de la capital, Preslav, por el ej\u00E9rcito bizantino.\u200B En el mandato de Samuel, Bulgaria se recuper\u00F3 un poco de estos ataques y logr\u00F3 vencer a Serbia, Bosnia\u200B y Doclea.\u200B Pero los bizantinos finalmente se recuperaron y en 1014, el emperador Basilio II, llamado Bulgar\u00F3ctonos (\u00ABmatador de b\u00FAlgaros\u00BB) infligi\u00F3 una derrota aplastante a los b\u00FAlgaros en la batalla del paso de Clidio \u200B y Samuel muri\u00F3 poco despu\u00E9s de la batalla.\u200B En 1018, las \u00FAltimas plazas fuertes de Bulgaria se hab\u00EDan rendido y el Primer Imperio b\u00FAlgaro dej\u00F3 de existir, siendo anexionado al Imperio romano de Oriente. Bulgaria permanecer\u00EDa bajo la autoridad de Constantinopla durante casi dos siglos, entre 1018 y 1185, cuando se fund\u00F3 el Segundo Imperio b\u00FAlgaro. Despu\u00E9s de la adopci\u00F3n del cristianismo ortodoxo oriental en 864 tras la conversi\u00F3n de Boris I (852-889), Bulgaria se convirti\u00F3, durante un cierto tiempo, en el centro cultural eslavo de Europa. Logr\u00F3 una brillante \u00F3smosis entre sus diferentes componentes, adoptando el nombre de su nobleza fundadora (en b\u00FAlgaro, \u0411\u044A\u043B\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044F y en griego, \u0392\u03BF\u03C5\u03BB\u03B3\u03B1\u03C1\u03AF\u03B1, Bulgaria,\u200B nombre oficial del estado desde su fundaci\u00F3n\u200B), la lengua de la mayor\u00EDa eslava de sus s\u00FAbditos y la fe cristiana del rito griego, una s\u00EDntesis del tengrianismo y la mitolog\u00EDa eslava que dio origen a un cristianismo nacional que influir\u00EDa en sectas gn\u00F3sticas surgidas en la regi\u00F3n siglos posteriores.\u200B La adopci\u00F3n de la nueva fe implic\u00F3 tambi\u00E9n la utilizaci\u00F3n del eslavo como lengua lit\u00FArgica y luego en la administraci\u00F3n. La invenci\u00F3n de dos nuevos alfabetos derivados del alfabeto griego adaptados a las lenguas eslavas, el glagol\u00EDtico y el cir\u00EDlico \u2014desarrollado en las escuelas literarias de Preslav y Ohrid\u200B\u2014 contribuy\u00F3 a que el antiguo b\u00FAlgaro se convirtiera en la lingua franca de la Europa oriental y a que la literatura b\u00FAlgara pronto comenzar\u00E1 a propagarse por el norte. La cristianizaci\u00F3n y la eslavizaci\u00F3n proporcionaron al Imperio b\u00FAlgaro un \u00E1rea de influencia mayor. En 927 el Patriarcado de Bulgaria totalmente independiente, fue reconocido oficialmente. Posteriormente, como una reacci\u00F3n contra las influencias bizantinas en la iglesia, la influyente secta de los Bogomilos naci\u00F3 en Bulgaria en la mitad del siglo X."@es , "Kekaisaran Bulgaria Pertama (bahasa Bulgaria: \u041F\u044A\u0440\u0432o \u0411\u044A\u043B\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043A\u043E \u0446\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E, P\u0103rvo B\u0103lgarsko Tsarstvo) adalah negara di Bulgaria pada abad pertengahan yang didirikan pada tahun 681 di daerah dekat delta sungai Donau dan mengalami disintegerasi tahun 1018 setelah dianeksasi oleh Kekaisaran Bizantium. Pada puncak kekuasaannya, Bulgaria terbentang dari Budapest hingga Laut Hitam dan dari sungai Dnieper di Ukraina hingga Laut Adriatik."@in , "Bulgariako Lehen Inperioa (bulgarieraz: \u0446\uFE22\u0440\u044C\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E \u0431\u043B\uFE22\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0435, ts'rstvo bl'garskoe) Erdi Aroko bulgariar estatua izan zen, hego-ekialdeko Europan VII. eta XI. mendeen artean iraun zuena. Une gorenean, Simeon I.aren agintaldian (893-927), Danubiotik Itsaso Beltzeraino eta Dnieperretik Itsaso Adriatikoaraino hedatzen zen."@eu , "Ag t\u00FAs na 680id\u00ED, th\u00E1inig na treibheanna Bulg\u00E1racha faoi threoir Asparukh na Bulg\u00E1ire aduaidh trasna na Dan\u00F3ibe agus chuir siad f\u00FAthu sa t\u00EDr idir an Dan\u00F3ib \u00CDochtair agus an abhainn na Balc\u00E1ine, le pr\u00EDomhbhaile acu in Pliska. Chuir conradh s\u00EDoch\u00E1na leis an Impireacht Bhios\u00E1ntach sa bhliain 681 t\u00FAs le C\u00E9ad Impireacht na Bulg\u00E1ire. Mheasc na Bulg\u00E1raigh leis na daoine a bh\u00ED ann cheana, agus d'\u00E9irigh teanga den Shl\u00E1vaic Theas ina teanga com\u00F3nta. Neartaigh na rialt\u00F3ir\u00ED a th\u00E1inig ina dhiaidh sin st\u00E1t na mBulg\u00E1rach le linn na 8\u00FA agus 9\u00FA c\u00E9adta. Mh\u00E9adaigh Krum C\u00E1n achar na himpireacht faoi dh\u00F3 agus, \u00E9 sin \u00E1 chur i gn\u00EDmh aige, mharaigh s\u00E9 , impire Bhios\u00E1intiam i gcath Pliska. Chuir Krum c\u00F3d dl\u00EDthe ar bun. D\u00EDobhadh an pag\u00E1nachas i bhfabhar Cr\u00EDosta\u00EDocht Cheartchreidmheach an Oirthir faoi riail sa bhliain 864. Ar sh\u00E1la an iompaithe chuig an gCr\u00EDosta\u00EDocht, d'aithin Bios\u00E1intiam an eaglais Bhulg\u00E1rach agus glacadh an aib\u00EDtir Choireallach a d'fhorbair Preslav. Neartaigh sin an t-\u00FAdar\u00E1s l\u00E1rnach san impireacht agus chuidigh s\u00E9 le haont\u00FA na mBulg\u00E1rach agus na Sl\u00E1vaigh eile sa t\u00EDr. Bh\u00ED riail 34 bliana Sh\u00EDom\u00F3in Mh\u00F3ir ina r\u00E9 \u00F3rga \u00F3 thaobh ch\u00FArsa\u00ED cult\u00FAir agus m\u00E9ad\u00FA an limist\u00E9ir faoin st\u00E1t."@ga , "\u7B2C\u4E00\u6B21\u30D6\u30EB\u30AC\u30EA\u30A2\u5E1D\u56FD\uFF08\u3060\u3044\u3044\u3061\u3058\u30D6\u30EB\u30AC\u30EA\u30A2\u3066\u3044\u3053\u304F\u3001\u6559\u4F1A\u30B9\u30E9\u30F4\u8A9E\uFF1A\u0431\u043B\u044A\u0433\u0430\u0440\u044C\u0441\u043A\u043E \u0446\u0463\u0441\u0430\u0440\u044C\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0465, \u30ED\u30FC\u30DE\u5B57\u8868\u8A18\uFF1Ablagarysko tsesarystviye\u3001\u30D6\u30EB\u30AC\u30EA\u30A2\u8A9E\uFF1A\u041F\u044A\u0440\u0432\u0430 \u0431\u044A\u043B\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043A\u0430 \u0434\u044A\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0430, \u30ED\u30FC\u30DE\u5B57\u8868\u8A18\uFF1AP\u01CE\u0301rva b\u01CE\u0301lgarska d\u01CEr\u017E\u00E1va\u3001\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1AFirst Bulgarian 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, "El Primer Imperi B\u00FAlgar (en b\u00FAlgar \u041F\u044A\u0440\u0432o \u0411\u044A\u043B\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043A\u043E \u0446\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E, transcrit P\u0103rvo B\u0103lgarsko tsarstvo) va ser un estat medieval b\u00FAlgar fundat l'any 632 als territoris propers al delta del Danubi. Es va desintegrar l'any 1018 despr\u00E9s de la seva annexi\u00F3 a l'Imperi Rom\u00E0 d'Orient. En el seu punt \u00E0lgid, s'estenia des de Budapest a la Mar Negra, i des del Dni\u00E8per en la Ucra\u00EFna contempor\u00E0nia, fins a la Mar Adri\u00E0tica. Fou succe\u00EFt pel Segon Imperi B\u00FAlgar, fundat l'any 1185. El nom oficial de l'estat des de comen\u00E7aments de la seva fundaci\u00F3 fou el de Bulg\u00E0ria. L'imperi va tenir un paper important en la pol\u00EDtica europea, i fou un dels poders militars m\u00E9s forts del seu temps. Entre els anys 717 i 718 la coalici\u00F3 dels b\u00FAlgars i els romans d'Orient va derrotar els \u00E0rabs al setge de Constantinoble (717-718) amb la qual cosa es va evitar l'expansi\u00F3 de l'islam a l'est d'Europa. Posteriorment van expandir el seu territori sobre el kanat \u00E0var, la plana pann\u00F2nica i les Muntanyes Tatra. Posteriorment els b\u00FAlgars van confrontar l'aven\u00E7 dels petxenegs i cumans, i van aconseguir una vict\u00F2ria decisiva sobre els magiars, que els va obligar obligant-los a establir-se de forma permanent a Pann\u00F2nia. Durant la fi del segle ix i principis del x, el tsar Sime\u00F3 I el Gran va aconseguir un seguit de vict\u00F2ries sobre els romans, i va expandir l'Imperi B\u00FAlgar al seu m\u00E0xim apogeu. Despr\u00E9s de l'anihilaci\u00F3 de l'ex\u00E8rcit rom\u00E0 d'Orient en la en 917, els b\u00FAlgars van posar sota setge Constantinoble en 923 i 924. Els romans finalment es van recuperar i en 1014 sota Basili II, va infligir una derrota aclaparadora als b\u00FAlgars en la Batalla de Klid\u00EDon. En 1018, les \u00FAltimes places fortes de Bulg\u00E0ria s'havien retut a l'Imperi Rom\u00E0 d'Orient, i el Primer Imperi B\u00FAlgar va deixar d'existir. Fou succe\u00EFt pel Segon Imperi B\u00FAlgar en 1185. Despr\u00E9s de l'adopci\u00F3 del cristianisme en 864, Bulg\u00E0ria es va convertir, per un temps, en el centre cultural eslau d'Europa. La seva posici\u00F3 cultural de primer ordre es va consolidar encara m\u00E9s amb la invenci\u00F3 de l'alfabet cir\u00EDl\u00B7lic a la seva capital Preslav, i la literatura produ\u00EFda en l'idioma b\u00FAlgar antic aviat va comen\u00E7ar a propagar-se pel nord. L'antic b\u00FAlgar es va convertir en la llengua franca de l'Europa oriental, on va arribar a ser coneguda com a antic eslau eclesi\u00E0stic. En 927 el Patriarcat de Bulg\u00E0ria totalment independent, va ser reconegut oficialment. Posteriorment, com una reacci\u00F3 contra les influ\u00E8ncies romanes d'Orient en l'esgl\u00E9sia, la influent secta dels bogomils va n\u00E9ixer a Bulg\u00E0ria cap a la meitat del segle x."@ca , "La d\u00E9nomination Premier Empire bulgare (en bulgare : \u0431\u044A\u043B\u0433\u0430\u0440\u044C\u0441\u043A\u043E \u0446\u0463\u0441\u0430\u0440\u044C\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0465, b\u016Dlgar\u043Bsko c\u011Bsar\u012Dstvije) d\u00E9signe deux \u00C9tats m\u00E9di\u00E9vaux successifs : le khanat bulgare du Danube (681-864) et le tsarat bulgare (864-1018) gouvern\u00E9s par une aristocratie proto-bulgare de boyards initialement tengristes, convertis au christianisme oriental \u00E0 partir de 864 et r\u00E9gnant, de part et d\u2019autre du bas-Danube, sur des populations slaves, valaques, grecques, albanaises et autres, d\u00E9j\u00E0 chr\u00E9tiennes. Cet \u00C9tat du sud-est de l\u2019Europe, fond\u00E9 \u00E0 la suite de la victoire bulgare d\u2019Ongal gagn\u00E9e par Asparoukh contre les Byzantins de Constantin IV, exista entre le VIIe si\u00E8cle et le XIe si\u00E8cle. Il r\u00E9alisa une brillante osmose culturelle entre ses diff\u00E9rentes composantes, adoptant le nom de sa noblesse fondatrice (\u0411\u044A\u043B\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044F et en grec \u0392\u03BF\u03C5\u03BB\u03B3\u03B1\u03C1\u03AF\u03B1 : Bulgarie), la langue de la majorit\u00E9 slave de ses sujets (qui dev\u00EEnt aussi sa langue liturgique), la foi chr\u00E9tienne de rite grec, et deux alphabets nouveaux adapt\u00E9s aux langues slaves, d\u00E9riv\u00E9s de l\u2019alphabet grec : le glagolitique et le cyrillique. Au sommet de sa puissance, sous Sim\u00E9on Ier, le Premier Empire bulgare s\u2019\u00E9tendait du coude du Danube au Dniepr et de la mer Adriatique \u00E0 la mer Noire, ne laissant aux Byzantins que les c\u00F4tes des actuelles Albanie, Gr\u00E8ce et Thrace. Apr\u00E8s avoir consolid\u00E9 sa position dans les Balkans, la Bulgarie entra dans une p\u00E9riode s\u2019\u00E9tendant sur plusieurs si\u00E8cles de relations parfois amicales, mais la plupart du temps hostiles avec l\u2019Empire byzantin. \u00C9mergeant comme principal adversaire de l\u2019Empire byzantin au nord, le Premier Empire bulgare sauva toutefois Constantinople, notamment lors du deuxi\u00E8me si\u00E8ge arabe de la capitale imp\u00E9riale, au cours duquel l\u2019arm\u00E9e bulgare brisa le si\u00E8ge et dispersa les assaillants, \u00E9vitant ainsi l\u2019invasion arabe du sud-est de l\u2019Europe. De son c\u00F4t\u00E9 Constantinople exer\u00E7a une forte influence culturelle, architecturale, religieuse et litt\u00E9raire sur la Bulgarie. Apr\u00E8s la d\u00E9sint\u00E9gration du khaganat avar, la Bulgarie commen\u00E7a \u00E0 \u00E9tendre son territoire au nord-ouest vers la plaine du moyen-Danube (que les g\u00E9ographes hongrois modernes appellent plaine de Pannonie). Plus tard, les Bulgares mirent fin \u00E0 l\u2019avanc\u00E9e des Petchen\u00E8gues et des Coumans vers le bas-Danube et remport\u00E8rent dans le Boudjak une \u00E9clatante victoire sur les Magyars, for\u00E7ant ceux-ci \u00E0 s\u2019\u00E9tablir dans cette m\u00EAme plaine de Pannonie. \u00C0 la fin du IXe si\u00E8cle et au d\u00E9but du Xe si\u00E8cle, apr\u00E8s une s\u00E9rie de victoires contre les Byzantins, ceux-ci reconnurent \u00E0 Sim\u00E9on Ier le titre de \u00AB C\u00E9sar \u00BB (en bulgare \u00AB Tzar \u00BB) soit \u00AB empereur \u00BB, d\u2019o\u00F9 le nom de Premier \u00AB Empire \u00BB bulgare donn\u00E9 \u00E0 son \u00C9tat par l\u2019historiographie moderne. Apr\u00E8s la d\u00E9faite de l\u2019arm\u00E9e byzantine \u00E0 la bataille d\u2019Anchialos en 917, les Bulgares mirent le si\u00E8ge devant Constantinople en 923 et 924. Les Byzantins devaient toutefois s\u2019en relever et sous Basile II infliger aux Bulgares une d\u00E9faite d\u00E9cisive lors de la bataille de la passe de Kleidion. En 1018, les derni\u00E8res possessions bulgares durent se rendre aux Byzantins et le Premier Empire bulgare cessa d\u2019exister pour se r\u00E9tablir en 1185 sous le nom de Deuxi\u00E8me Empire bulgare."@fr , "\u041F\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043E\u0435 \u0411\u043E\u043B\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0435 \u0446\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E (\u0431\u043E\u043B\u0433. \u041F\u044A\u0440\u0432o \u0431\u044A\u043B\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043A\u043E \u0446\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E, \u0441\u0442.-\u0441\u043B\u0430\u0432. \u0411\u044A\u043B\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043A\u043E \u0446\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E/\u0434\u0440\u044A\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0430) \u2014 \u043D\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0411\u043E\u043B\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0433\u043E\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0441 681 \u043F\u043E 1018 \u0433\u043E\u0434. \u041E\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043E \u0431\u0443\u043B\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043A\u0438\u043C\u0438, \u0441\u043B\u0430\u0432\u044F\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u0438 \u0444\u0440\u0430\u043A\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043A\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u043F\u043B\u0435\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u043F\u043E\u0434 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0432\u043E\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u043C \u0410\u0441\u043F\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0445\u0430. \u041D\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043E \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0433\u043B\u043E \u043F\u0440\u0438 \u0446\u0430\u0440\u0435 \u0421\u0438\u043C\u0435\u043E\u043D\u0435 I. \u0421\u0442\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0446\u0435\u0439 \u0433\u043E\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0431\u044B\u043B \u0433\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0434 \u041F\u043B\u0438\u0441\u043A\u0430, \u0441 893 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430 \u2014 \u041F\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043B\u0430\u0432, \u0441 990 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430 \u2014 \u041E\u0445\u0440\u0438\u0434. \u0412 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043E\u0434 \u043D\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043E \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u043E\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044B\u0432\u0430\u043B\u043E \u0431\u043E\u0301\u043B\u044C\u0448\u0443\u044E \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0411\u0430\u043B\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0443\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0430. \u0412 969 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043B\u0438\u043B\u043E\u0441\u044C \u043D\u0430 \u0432\u043E\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0447\u043D\u0443\u044E \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043F\u0430\u0434\u043D\u0443\u044E \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438. \u0412\u043E\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0447\u043D\u0430\u044F \u043A\u043E\u043D\u0442\u0440\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0430\u0441\u044C \u0432\u0438\u0437\u0430\u043D\u0442\u0438\u0439\u0446\u0430\u043C\u0438, \u0430 \u0417\u0430\u043F\u0430\u0434\u043D\u0430\u044F \u043E\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043B\u0430\u0441\u044C \u0437\u0430 \u0411\u043E\u043B\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0439 (\u0435\u0451 \u0438\u043D\u043E\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043D\u0430\u0437\u044B\u0432\u0430\u044E\u0442 \u0417\u0430\u043F\u0430\u0434\u043D\u043E-\u0411\u043E\u043B\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0414\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u043E\u0439). \u041F\u0440\u0435\u043A\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043B\u043E \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0432 1018 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0443 \u043F\u043E\u0441\u043B\u0435 \u0442\u043E\u0433\u043E, \u043A\u0430\u043A \u0432\u0438\u0437\u0430\u043D\u0442\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043C\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0440\u044B \u041D\u0438\u043A\u0438\u0444\u043E\u0440 \u0424\u043E\u043A\u0430, \u0418\u043E\u0430\u043D\u043D \u0426\u0438\u043C\u0438\u0441\u0445\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043B\u0438\u0439 II \u043E\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0435\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0438 \u0443 \u0431\u043E\u043B\u0433\u0430\u0440 \u0437\u0430\u043D\u044F\u0442\u044B\u0435 \u0438\u043C\u0438 \u043E\u0431\u043B\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438."@ru , "\u4FDD\u52A0\u5229\u4E9A\u7B2C\u4E00\u5E1D\u56FD\uFF08\u4FDD\u52A0\u5229\u4E9A\u8BED\uFF1A\u041F\u044A\u0440\u0432o \u0431\u044A\u043B\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043A\u043E \u0446\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\uFF09\u662F\u4FDD\u52A0\u5C14\u4EBA\u963F\u65AF\u5DF4\u9C81\u8D6B\u4E8E\u897F\u5143681\u5E74\u5728\u591A\u7459\u6CB3\u4E09\u89D2\u6D32\u5EFA\u7ACB\u7684\u4E00\u4E2A\u56FD\u5BB6\u3002\u5728\u5176\u9F0E\u76DB\u65F6\u671F\uFF0C\u7586\u57DF\u4E1C\u81F3\u9ED1\u6D77\u3001\u5357\u81F3\u7231\u7434\u6D77\u548C\u4E9A\u5F97\u91CC\u4E9A\u6D77\u3002\u4ED6\u4EEC\u5728\u897F\u5143864\u5E74\u63A5\u53D7\u4E86\u57FA\u7763\u6559\u3002\u5728681-864\u5E74\u671F\u9593\uFF0C\u4E00\u822C\u88AB\u7A31\u70BA\u201C\u4FDD\u52A0\u5C14\u6C57\u56FD\u201D\u6216\u201C\u591A\u7459\u6CB3\u4FDD\u52A0\u5229\u4E9A\u201D\u3002 \u7B2C\u4E00\u5E1D\u56FD\u4E8E\u897F\u51431018\u5E74\u88AB\u62DC\u5360\u5EAD\u5E1D\u56FD\u5DF4\u897F\u5C14\u4E8C\u4E16\u6D88\u706D\uFF0C\u5176\u7EE7\u627F\u8005\u4E3A\u897F\u51431185\u5E74\u5EFA\u7ACB\u7684\u4FDD\u52A0\u5229\u4E9A\u7B2C\u4E8C\u5E1D\u56FD\u3002"@zh , "O Primeiro Imp\u00E9rio B\u00FAlgaro (em antigo eslavo eclesi\u00E1stico: \u0411\u043B\u044A\u0433\u0430\u0440\u044C\u0441\u043A\u043E \u0426\u0463\u0441\u0430\u0440\u044C\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0465, rom. Blga\u0155sko C\u00E4sa\u0155stvije) foi um estado protob\u00FAlgaro-eslavo medieval que existiu no B\u00E1lc\u00E3s entre os s\u00E9culos VII e XI. Foi fundada em [680 ou 681 depois que parte dos protob\u00FAlgaros liderados por Asparuque se moveram para o sul para o nordeste dos B\u00E1lc\u00E3s. L\u00E1, eles garantiram o reconhecimento bizantino de seu direito de se estabelecer ao sul do Dan\u00FAbio, derrotando - possivelmente com a ajuda de tribos eslavas meridionais locais - o ex\u00E9rcito bizantino liderado por Constantino IV. No auge de seu poder, a Bulg\u00E1ria se espalhou da Curva do Dan\u00FAbio at\u00E9 o Mar Negro e do rio Dniepre at\u00E9 o Mar Adri\u00E1tico e se tornou uma grande pot\u00EAncia medieval europeia nos s\u00E9culos IX e X, juntamente com os imp\u00E9rios bizantino e franco. Tornou-se um centro cultural e espiritual do sul da Europa eslava durante a maior parte da Idade M\u00E9dia. \u00C0 medida que o Estado solidificou sua posi\u00E7\u00E3o nos B\u00E1lc\u00E3s, entrou em uma intera\u00E7\u00E3o de s\u00E9culos, \u00E0s vezes amig\u00E1vel e \u00E0s vezes hostil, com o Imp\u00E9rio Bizantino. A Bulg\u00E1ria emergiu como o principal antagonista do Imp\u00E9rio Bizantino ao norte, resultando em v\u00E1rias guerras. As duas pot\u00EAncias tamb\u00E9m tiveram per\u00EDodos de paz e alian\u00E7a, principalmente durante o Segundo Cerco \u00C1rabe de Constantinopla, onde o ex\u00E9rcito b\u00FAlgaro rompeu o cerco e destruiu o ex\u00E9rcito \u00E1rabe, impedindo assim uma invas\u00E3o \u00E1rabe do sudeste da Europa. O Imp\u00E9rio Bizantino teve uma forte influ\u00EAncia cultural na Bulg\u00E1ria, o que tamb\u00E9m levou \u00E0 ado\u00E7\u00E3o do cristianismo em 864. Ap\u00F3s a desintegra\u00E7\u00E3o do Caganato \u00C1varo, o pa\u00EDs expandiu seu territ\u00F3rio para noroeste at\u00E9 a plan\u00EDcie da Pan\u00F4nia. Mais tarde, os b\u00FAlgaros enfrentaram o avan\u00E7o dos pechenegues e cumanos e alcan\u00E7aram uma vit\u00F3ria decisiva sobre os magiares, for\u00E7ando-os a estabelecer-se permanentemente na Pan\u00F4nia. Durante o final do s\u00E9culo IX e in\u00EDcio do X, Sime\u00E3o I conseguiu uma s\u00E9rie de vit\u00F3rias sobre os bizantinos. Depois disso, ele foi reconhecido com o t\u00EDtulo de imperador, e come\u00E7ou a expandir o estado em sua maior extens\u00E3o. Ap\u00F3s a aniquila\u00E7\u00E3o do ex\u00E9rcito bizantino na Batalha de Anqu\u00EDalo em 917, os b\u00FAlgaros sitiaram Constantinopla em 923 e 924. Os bizantinos, no entanto, eventualmente se recuperaram e, em 1014, sob o comando de Bas\u00EDlio II, infligiram uma derrota esmagadora aos b\u00FAlgaros na Batalha de Cl\u00EDdio. Em 1018, as \u00FAltimas fortalezas b\u00FAlgaras se renderam ao Imp\u00E9rio Bizantino, e o Primeiro Imp\u00E9rio B\u00FAlgaro deixou de existir. Foi sucedido pelo Segundo Imp\u00E9rio B\u00FAlgaro em 1185. Ap\u00F3s a ado\u00E7\u00E3o do cristianismo, a Bulg\u00E1ria tornou-se o centro cultural da Europa eslava. Sua posi\u00E7\u00E3o cultural de lideran\u00E7a foi ainda mais consolidada com a ado\u00E7\u00E3o do alfabeto glagol\u00EDtico, a inven\u00E7\u00E3o do alfabeto cir\u00EDlico primitivo pouco depois na capital Preslava, e a literatura produzida no b\u00FAlgaro antigo logo come\u00E7ou a se espalhar para o norte. O b\u00FAlgaro antigo tornou-se a l\u00EDngua franca de grande parte da Europa Oriental e passou a ser conhecido como eslav\u00F4nico da Igreja Antiga. Em 927, o patriarcado b\u00FAlgaro totalmente independente foi oficialmente reconhecido. Os b\u00FAlgaros e outras tribos n\u00E3o eslavas no imp\u00E9rio gradualmente misturaram-se e adotaram a l\u00EDngua eslava predominante, formando gradualmente a na\u00E7\u00E3o b\u00FAlgara do s\u00E9culo VII ao s\u00E9culo IX. Desde o final do s\u00E9culo IX, os nomes b\u00FAlgaros e b\u00FAlgaros ganharam preval\u00EAncia e se tornaram designa\u00E7\u00F5es permanentes para a popula\u00E7\u00E3o local, tanto na literatura quanto na linguagem comum. O desenvolvimento da alfabetiza\u00E7\u00E3o eslava da Antiga Igreja teve o efeito de impedir a assimila\u00E7\u00E3o dos eslavos meridionais em culturas vizinhas, enquanto estimulava a forma\u00E7\u00E3o de uma identidade b\u00FAlgara distinta."@pt , "Historia Bu\u0142garii (681\u20131018) \u2013 historia pierwszego pa\u0144stwa bu\u0142garskiego, istniej\u0105cego w latach 681\u20131018 na P\u00F3\u0142wyspie Ba\u0142ka\u0144skim, maj\u0105cego stolic\u0119 najpierw w Plisce, a nast\u0119pnie w Pres\u0142awiu. W okresie swego najwi\u0119kszego rozwoju terytorialnego na pocz\u0105tku IX wieku zajmowa\u0142o powierzchni\u0119 ok. 400 000 km\u00B2 i obejmowa\u0142o w ca\u0142o\u015Bci tereny dzisiejszej Bu\u0142garii, a cz\u0119\u015Bciowo r\u00F3wnie\u017C: Albanii, Czarnog\u00F3ry, Grecji, Macedonii P\u00F3\u0142nocnej, Rumunii, Serbii, Turcji, Ukrainy i W\u0119gier. Powsta\u0142o w wyniku najazdu Bu\u0142gar\u00F3w pod wodz\u0105 Asparucha na tereny po\u0142o\u017Cone na po\u0142udnie od dolnego Dunaju (Mezja), zamieszkiwane przez s\u0142owia\u0144skich Sklawin\u00F3w i Ant\u00F3w. W historii pierwszego pa\u0144stwa bu\u0142garskiego mo\u017Cna wyr\u00F3\u017Cni\u0107 cztery podstawowe okresy: pocz\u0105tki, zwi\u0105zane z organizacj\u0105 podbitych teren\u00F3w w VII\u2013VIII wieku, rozw\u00F3j Imperium Bu\u0142garskiego za czas\u00F3w Kruma i jego nast\u0119pc\u00F3w, apogeum pot\u0119gi imperium po przyj\u0119ciu chrze\u015Bcija\u0144stwa w 866 r. oraz stopniowy upadek po \u015Bmierci Symeona I. Przez wi\u0119kszo\u015B\u0107 okresu swego istnienia pa\u0144stwo to prowadzi\u0142o wojny z Cesarstwem Bizantyjskim. W 1018 r. zosta\u0142o podbite przez Bizancjum. Pierwsi w\u0142adcy bu\u0142garscy nosili tytu\u0142 chana. W 913 r. Symeon I przyj\u0105\u0142 godno\u015B\u0107 cara, zapocz\u0105tkowuj\u0105c tym samym istnienie pierwszego carstwa bu\u0142garskiego."@pl , "\uBD88\uAC00\uB9AC\uC544 \uC81C1\uC81C\uAD6D(\uC601\uC5B4: First Bulgarian Empire) \uB610\uB294 \uBD88\uAC00\uB9AC\uC544 \uC81C1\uCC28\uB974\uAD6D(\uBD88\uAC00\uB9AC\uC544\uC5B4: \u041F\u044A\u0440\u0432o \u0431\u044A\u043B\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043A\u043E \u0446\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E \uD37C\uB974\uBCF4 \uBC8C\uAC00\uB974\uC2A4\uCF54 \uCC28\uB974\uC2A4\uD2B8\uBCF4)\uC740 680\uB144\uACBD \uBD88\uAC00\uB974\uC778\uB4E4\uC774 \uBC1C\uCE78 \uBC18\uB3C4 \uB3D9\uBD81\uBD80\uC5D0 \uAC74\uAD6D\uD55C \uC911\uC138 \uAD6D\uAC00\uC774\uB2E4. \uBD88\uAC00\uB974\uC778\uB4E4\uC740 \uBE44\uC794\uD2F0\uC6C0 \uC81C\uAD6D\uC744 \uBAB0\uC544\uB0B8 \uD6C4 \uB0A8\uC2AC\uB77C\uBE0C\uC871 \uC815\uCC29\uBBFC\uB4E4\uACFC \uB3D9\uB9F9\uC744 \uB9FA\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uADF8\uB4E4\uC758 \uC601\uD5A5\uB825\uC740 \uBD80\uB2E4\uD398\uC2A4\uD2B8\uC640 \uD751\uD574 \uC0AC\uC774\uC5D0\uC11C \uD655\uC0B0\uB418\uC5C8\uC73C\uBA70 \uB4DC\uB124\uD504\uB974\uAC15\uC5D0\uC11C \uC544\uB4DC\uB9AC\uC544\uD574\uC5D0 \uC774\uB974\uB800\uB2E4. \uADF8\uB4E4\uC758 \uC9C0\uC704\uAC00 \uBC1C\uCE78\uBC18\uB3C4 \uB0B4\uC5D0\uC11C \uACF5\uACE0\uD654\uD558\uBA74\uC11C, \uBE44\uC794\uD2F0\uC6C0 \uC81C\uAD6D\uACFC\uC758 \uAD00\uACC4\uB294 \uC218\uC138\uAE30\uC5D0 \uAC78\uCCD0 \uB54C\uB85C\uB294 \uCE5C\uBC00\uD558\uAC8C, \uB54C\uB85C\uB294 \uC801\uB300\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uC720\uC9C0\uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uBD88\uAC00\uB9AC\uC544\uB294 \uACC4\uC18D\uC801\uC778 \uC804\uC7C1\uC758 \uACB0\uACFC\uB85C \uBC1C\uCE78 \uBC18\uB3C4\uC5D0\uC11C \uBE44\uC794\uD2F0\uC6C0 \uC81C\uAD6D\uC758 \uAC00\uC7A5 \uC8FC\uC694\uD55C \uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uB5A0\uC62C\uB790\uB2E4. \uD558\uC9C0\uB9CC \uB450 \uB098\uB77C\uC758 \uAD00\uACC4\uB294 \uC774\uC2AC\uB78C \uC81C\uAD6D\uC758 \uB450\uBC88\uC9F8 \uCF58\uC2A4\uD0C4\uD2F0\uB178\uD3F4\uB9AC\uC2A4 \uD3EC\uC704\uB97C \uBD84\uC1C4\uD558\uB294\uB370 \uBD88\uAC00\uB9AC\uC544 \uAD70\uB300\uAC00 \uC911\uC694\uD55C \uC5ED\uD560\uC744 \uD558\uBA74\uC11C \uD3C9\uD654\uC640 \uB3D9\uB9F9\uC758 \uC2DC\uAE30\uB97C \uB9DE\uC558\uB2E4. \uBE44\uC794\uD2F0\uC6C0 \uC81C\uAD6D\uC740 \uBD88\uAC00\uB9AC\uC544\uC5D0 \uBB38\uD654\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uAC15\uB825\uD55C \uC601\uD5A5\uB825\uC744 \uBC1C\uD718\uD588\uACE0, \uB9C8\uCE68\uB0B4 864\uB144 \uBD88\uAC00\uB9AC\uC544\uC5D0 \uAE30\uB3C5\uAD50\uB97C \uC804\uD30C\uD558\uC600\uB2E4. \uC544\uBC14\uB974\uC871\uC758 \uBD95\uAD34 \uC774\uD6C4 \uBD88\uAC00\uB9AC\uC544\uB294 \uADF8\uB4E4\uC758 \uC601\uD1A0\uB97C \uD310\uB178\uB2C8\uC544 \uD3C9\uC6D0(\uD604\uC7AC\uC758 \uD5DD\uAC00\uB9AC)\uAE4C\uC9C0 \uD655\uC7A5\uD558\uC600\uB2E4. \uC774\uD6C4 \uBD88\uAC00\uB9AC\uC544\uC778\uB4E4\uC740 \uD398\uCCB4\uB124\uADF8\uC778\uACFC \uCFE0\uB9CC\uC871\uC758 \uC131\uC7A5\uACFC \uC9C1\uBA74\uD558\uC600\uACE0, \uB9C8\uC790\uB974\uC871\uC5D0 \uACB0\uC815\uC801\uC778 \uC2B9\uB9AC\uB97C \uAC70\uB450\uC5B4 \uADF8\uB4E4\uC744 \uC601\uAD6C\uD788 \uD310\uB178\uB2C8\uC544\uC5D0 \uC815\uCC29\uC2DC\uCF30\uB2E4. 9\uC138\uAE30\uC640 10\uC138\uAE30 \uCD08\uBC18 \uB3D9\uC548 \uCC28\uB974 \uC2DC\uBA54\uC628 1\uC138\uB294 \uBE44\uC794\uD2F0\uC6C0 \uC81C\uAD6D\uC5D0 \uACC4\uC18D\uC801\uC778 \uC2B9\uB9AC\uB97C \uAC70\uB450\uC5C8\uACE0, \uBD88\uAC00\uB9AC\uC544 \uC81C\uAD6D\uC740 \uC808\uC815\uC5D0 \uB3C4\uB2EC\uD558\uC600\uB2E4. 917\uB144 \uC548\uD0A4\uC54C\uB85C \uC804\uD22C\uC5D0\uC11C \uBE44\uC794\uD2F0\uC6C0 \uAD70\uB300\uB97C \uC804\uBA78\uC2DC\uCF30\uACE0, 923\uB144\uACFC 924\uB144\uC5D0\uB294 \uCF58\uC2A4\uD0C4\uD2F0\uB178\uD3F4\uB9AC\uC2A4\uB97C \uD3EC\uC704\uD558\uC600\uB2E4. \uC774\uD6C4 \uBE44\uC794\uD2F0\uC6C0 \uC81C\uAD6D\uC740 \uD68C\uBCF5\uC138\uB97C \uB9DE\uC558\uACE0 1014\uB144 \uBC14\uC2E4\uB808\uC774\uC624\uC2A4 2\uC138\uC758 \uCE58\uC138\uC5D0 \uD074\uB808\uC774\uB514\uC628 \uC804\uD22C(\uBCA8\uB77C\uC2DC\uCC28 \uC804\uD22C)\uC5D0\uC11C \uBD88\uAC00\uB9AC\uC544\uAD70\uC5D0 \uD070 \uD0C0\uACA9\uC744 \uAC00\uD558\uC600\uB2E4. 1018\uB144\uC5D0 \uB9C8\uC9C0\uB9C9 \uBD88\uAC00\uB9AC\uC544 \uAC70\uC810\uC774 \uBE44\uC794\uD2F0\uC6C0 \uC81C\uAD6D\uC5D0 \uD56D\uBCF5\uD558\uC600\uACE0, \uBD88\uAC00\uB9AC\uC544 \uC81C1\uC81C\uAD6D\uC740 \uBA78\uB9DD\uD558\uC600\uB2E4. \uC774\uB294 1185\uB144\uC774 \uB3FC\uC11C\uC57C \uBD88\uAC00\uB9AC\uC544 \uC81C2\uC81C\uAD6D\uC73C\uB85C \uACC4\uC2B9\uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4. 864\uB144 \uAE30\uB3C5\uAD50\uB97C \uBC1B\uC544\uB4E4\uC778 \uD6C4 \uBD88\uAC00\uB9AC\uC544\uB294 \uC2AC\uB77C\uBE0C \uC720\uB7FD\uC758 \uC911\uC2EC\uC9C0\uAC00 \uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uADF8\uB4E4\uC758 \uC120\uB3C4\uC801\uC778 \uBB38\uD654\uC801 \uC704\uCE58\uB294 \uC218\uB3C4 \uD504\uB808\uC2AC\uB77C\uD504\uC5D0\uC11C \uD0A4\uB9B4 \uBB38\uC790\uAC00 \uBC1C\uBA85\uB418\uBA74\uC11C \uAD73\uD600\uC84C\uC73C\uBA70, \uACE0\uB300 \uBD88\uAC00\uB9AC\uC544\uC5B4\uB85C \uC4F0\uC5EC\uC9C4 \uBB38\uD559 \uC791\uD488\uB4E4\uC774 \uBD81\uBC29\uC73C\uB85C \uC804\uD30C\uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uACE0\uB300 \uAD50\uD68C \uC2AC\uB77C\uBE0C\uC5B4\uB85C \uC54C\uB824\uC9C4 \uACE0\uB300 \uBD88\uAC00\uB9AC\uC544\uC5B4\uB294 \uB0A8\uC720\uB7FD\uC758 \uACF5\uC6A9\uC5B4\uAC00 \uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4. 927\uB144\uC5D0\uB294 \uC644\uC804\uD788 \uB3C5\uB9BD\uB41C \uBD88\uAC00\uB9AC\uC544 \uC815\uAD50\uD68C \uCD1D\uC8FC\uAD50\uAC00 \uACF5\uC2DD\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uC778\uC815\uBC1B\uC558\uB2E4. 7\uC138\uAE30\uC640 10\uC138\uAE30 \uC0AC\uC774\uC5D0 \uBD88\uAC00\uB974\uC871\uACFC \uB2E4\uB978 \uBD80\uC871\uB4E4\uC740 \uC555\uB3C4\uC801\uC778 \uC218\uB97C \uCC28\uC9C0\uD558\uACE0 \uC788\uB358 \uC2AC\uB77C\uBE0C\uC871 \uB4E4\uC5D0\uAC8C \uC810\uC9C4\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uD761\uC218\uB418\uC5C8\uACE0, \uB0A8\uC2AC\uB77C\uBE0C\uC871\uC758 \uC5B8\uC5B4\uB97C \uCC44\uD0DD\uD558\uC600\uB2E4. 10\uC138\uAE30 \uD6C4\uBC18\uAE4C\uC9C0 '\uBD88\uAC00\uB9AC\uC544'\uB77C\uB294 \uC774\uB984\uC740 \uD1A0\uCC29 \uAC70\uC8FC\uBBFC\uB4E4\uACFC \uADF8\uB4E4\uC758 \uC5B8\uC5B4, \uBB38\uD559\uC758 \uC77C\uBC18\uC801\uC778 \uBA85\uCE6D\uC774 \uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uAD50\uD68C \uC2AC\uB77C\uBE0C\uC5B4\uC758 \uBC1C\uC804\uC740 \uB0A8\uC2AC\uB77C\uBE0C\uC871\uC758 \uC8FC\uBCC0 \uBBFC\uC871\uC73C\uB85C\uC758 \uB3D9\uD654\uB97C \uB9C9\uC558\uACE0, \uBD88\uAC00\uB9AC\uC544\uC758 \uAC1C\uBCC4\uC801 \uC815\uCCB4\uC131\uC758 \uD615\uC131\uC744 \uCD09\uC9C4\uD558\uC600\uB2E4."@ko , "Het Eerste Bulgaarse Rijk (Bulgaars: \u041F\u044A\u0440\u0432\u043E \u0411\u044A\u043B\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043A\u043E \u0446\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E, P\u0103rvo B\u0103lgarsko Tsarstvo) was van 681 tot 1018 een staat in de Donaudelta. Deze staat hield op te bestaan in 1018 doordat het gebied geannexeerd werd door het Byzantijnse Rijk. Op zijn hoogtepunt strekte het rijk zich uit van Boedapest tot aan de Zwarte Zee en van de Dnjepr tot aan de Adriatische Zee. Na het ineenstorten van het Eerste Rijk der G\u00F6kt\u00FCrken kwamen de Khazaren aan de macht, die op hun beurt het Groot-Bulgaarse Rijk in het zuiden van het huidige Rusland versloegen en een deel van de Turkse stam der Proto-Bulgaren naar het westen verdreven. Op hun beurt verdreven zij de Avaren. Een deel van de Proto-Bulgaren had zich onder Asparuch aan de benedenloop van de Donau gevestigd en zij stichtten een nieuw rijk. De opvolger van Asparuch, Tervel, hielp de Byzantijnse keizer Justinianus II Rhinotmetos terug op de troon, en dank zij zijn steun hielp hij de Byzantijnen aan de overwinning op de Arabieren tijdens het Beleg van Constantinopel (717-718). Hierbij behoedden de Bulgaren Oost-Europa van een islamitische verovering. Voor deze daad kreeg Tervel de titel Caesar, de eerste buitenlandse vorst die deze titel ontving. Later zorgde de coalitie ervoor dat het Avaarse Rijk zich niet kon uitbreiden op de Pannonische vlakte en het Tatragebergte. Het Bulgaarse Rijk diende hierbij als bufferstaat tegen nomadische invallen vanuit het oosten tijdens de zogenaamde tweede golf van de Grote Volksverhuizing. De Petsjenegen en de Kumanen werden in Noordoost Bulgarije tegengehouden en de Magyaren moesten zich na een nederlaag in 896 terugtrekken op de Pannonische vlakte. De Bulgaren veroverden tijdens de Byzantijns-Bulgaarse oorlogen de Slavische gebieden Thraci\u00EB en Macedoni\u00EB. Na de nederlaag van het Bulgaarse leger in 977 bij de stond het Bulgaarse Rijk op de rand van de afgrond. Het Eerste Bulgaarse Rijk eindigde ten slotte in 1018, na de annexatie door het Byzantijnse Rijk. De Bulgaren wisten het juk van het Byzantijnse Rijk in 1185 echter weer af te werpen, waarna zij in 1185 het Tweede Bulgaarse Rijk stichtten."@nl , "The First Bulgarian Empire (Church Slavonic: \u0431\u043B\u044A\u0433\u0430\u0440\u044C\u0441\u043A\u043E \u0446\u0463\u0441\u0430\u0440\u044C\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0465, romanized: blagarysko tsesarystviye; Bulgarian: \u041F\u044A\u0440\u0432\u043E \u0431\u044A\u043B\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043A\u043E \u0446\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E) was a medieval Bulgar-Slavic and later Bulgarian state that existed in Southeastern Europe between the 7th and 11th centuries AD. It was founded in 680\u2013681 after part of the Bulgars, led by Asparuh, moved south to the northeastern Balkans. There they secured Byzantine recognition of their right to settle south of the Danube by defeating \u2013 possibly with the help of local South Slavic tribes \u2013 the Byzantine army led by Constantine IV. During the 9th and 10th century, Bulgaria at the height of its power spread from the Danube Bend to the Black Sea and from the Dnieper River to the Adriatic Sea and became an important power in the region competing with the Byzantine Empire. It became the foremost cultural and spiritual centre of south Slavic Europe throughout most of the Middle Ages. As the state solidified its position in the Balkans, it entered into a centuries-long interaction, sometimes friendly and sometimes hostile, with the Byzantine Empire. Bulgaria emerged as Byzantium's chief antagonist to its north, resulting in several wars. The two powers also enjoyed periods of peace and alliance, most notably during the Second Arab Siege of Constantinople, where the Bulgarian army broke the siege and destroyed the Arab army, thus preventing an Arab invasion of Southeastern Europe. Byzantium had a strong cultural influence on Bulgaria, which also led to the eventual adoption of Christianity in 864. After the disintegration of the Avar Khaganate, the country expanded its territory northwest to the Pannonian Plain. Later the Bulgarians confronted the advance of the Pechenegs and Cumans, and achieved a decisive victory over the Magyars, forcing them to establish themselves permanently in Pannonia. The ruling Bulgars and other non-Slavic tribes in the empire gradually mixed and adopted the prevailing Slavic language, thus gradually forming the Bulgarian nation from the 7th to the 10th century. Since the 10th century, the demonym Bulgarian gained prevalence and became permanent designations for the local population, both in literature and in common parlance. The development of Old Church Slavonic literacy had the effect of preventing the assimilation of the South Slavs into neighbouring cultures, while stimulating the formation of a distinct Bulgarian identity. After the adoption of Christianity, Bulgaria became the cultural center of Slavic Europe. Its leading cultural position was further consolidated with the adoption of the Glagolitic alphabet, the invention of the Early Cyrillic alphabet shortly after in the capital Preslav, and the literature produced in Old Church Slavonic soon began spreading north. Old Church Slavonic became the lingua franca of much of Eastern Europe. In 927, the fully independent Bulgarian Patriarchate was officially recognized. During the late 9th and early 10th centuries, Simeon I achieved a string of victories over the Byzantines. Thereafter, he was recognized with the title of Emperor, and proceeded to expand the state to its greatest extent. After the annihilation of the Byzantine army in the Battle of Anchialus in 917, the Bulgarians laid siege to Constantinople in 923 and 924. The Byzantines eventually recovered, and in 1014, under Basil II \"the Bulgar Slayer\", a crushing defeat was inflicted on the Bulgarians at the Battle of Kleidion. By 1018, the last Bulgarian strongholds had surrendered to the Byzantine Empire, and the First Bulgarian Empire had ceased to exist. It was succeeded by the Second Bulgarian Empire in 1185."@en ; dbp:conventionalLongName "Bulgarian Empire"@en ; dbp:dateEvent 864 , 893 ; dbp:datePre 680 ; dbp:demonym dbr:Bulgarians ; dbp:eventEnd "Theme Bulgaria established in Byzantine Empire"@en ; dbp:eventPre "Asparuh arrives and defeats Eastern Roman Empire at the Battle of Ongal"@en ; dbp:eventStart "New Bulgarian state recognized by Eastern Roman Empire"@en ; dbp:imageP 20 ; dbp:imageS 20 . @prefix gold: . dbr:First_Bulgarian_Empire gold:hypernym dbr:State . @prefix prov: . dbr:First_Bulgarian_Empire prov:wasDerivedFrom . @prefix xsd: . dbr:First_Bulgarian_Empire dbo:wikiPageLength "146201"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; dbo:demonym "Bulgarian"@en ; dbo:governmentType dbr:Autocracy , dbr:Absolute_monarchy . @prefix wikipedia-en: . dbr:First_Bulgarian_Empire foaf:isPrimaryTopicOf wikipedia-en:First_Bulgarian_Empire .