. . "1653186"^^ . . "La corsa agli armamenti evolutiva (Evolutionary arms race, tradotta anche come corsa evolutiva agli armamenti) consiste in un miglioramento della propria linea genealogica per poter sopravvivere, come diretta conseguenza dei miglioramenti di altre linee genealogiche. \u00C8 un tipo di coevoluzione. In termini pi\u00F9 semplice si tratta di un tipo di competizione, fra due o pi\u00F9 organismi, della stessa o di diverse specie, i quali presentano, nel corso del tempo, degli adattamenti che gli permetteranno, sempre con maggiore efficienza, di riuscire a resistere, se non in alcuni casi a vincere, la sfida. Fatte queste premesse, si pu\u00F2 dire che si tratta di un potente motore dell'evoluzione (come d'altronde suggerisce l'ipotesi della Regina Rossa). Questo concetto \u00E8 stato definito da Richard Dawkins. Il nome scelto per questo fenomeno, \u00E8 evidentemente ispirato all'omonimo fenomeno, tutto umano, dell'affrettarsi a produrre e sviluppare il maggior numero di armi e tecnologie militari, nel minore tempo possibile."@it . . . . "1118021016"^^ . . . . . "Een evolutionaire wapenwedloop is concurrende adaptatie in organismen, die in strijd tegen elkaar co-evolueren, net als bij een wapenwedloop. Evolutionaire wapenwedlopen komen doorgaans voor tussen een predator en een prooi, of bij een parasiet en een gastheer. Bepaalde predatorstrategie\u00EBn vormen de selectieve drijvende kracht voor de ontwikkeling en verfijning van prooistrategie\u00EBn, en vice versa. Ook tussen leden van dezelfde soort komt het voor, zoals in of het Red Queeneffect, een voorbeeld daarvan is ."@nl . . "Dalam biologi evolusioner, perlombaan senjata evolusioner adalah persaingan evolusioner antara sekumpulan gen yang saling mengembangkan adaptasi terhadap satu sama lain, sehingga tampak seperti perlombaan senjata. Sekumpulan gen yang saling bersaing tersebut bisa berada dalam spesies yang berbeda, seperti misalnya antara predator dan buruannya (Vermeij, 1987), atau antara parasit dan inangnya. Perlombaan senjata evolusioner juga dapat terjadi antara anggota sesama spesies, seperti dalam model komunikasi manipulasi/resistansi (Dawkins & Krebs, 1979), dalam , dalam efek Ratu Merah, atau dalam konflik seksual antara kedua jenis kelamin. menekankan peranan interaksi antagonistik semacam itu dalam mengarahkan evolusi ke ."@in . . . . . . "\u8FDB\u5316\u519B\u5907\u7ADE\u8D5B"@zh . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u9032\u5316\u7684\u8ECD\u62E1\u7AF6\u8D70\uFF08\u307E\u305F\u306F\u3001-\u4E89\u3001evolutionary arms race\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u751F\u7269\u306E\u9032\u5316\u306B\u304A\u3044\u3066\u3001\u3042\u308B\u9069\u5FDC\u3068\u305D\u308C\u306B\u5BFE\u3059\u308B\u5BFE\u6297\u9069\u5FDC\u304C\u7AF6\u3046\u3088\u3046\u306B\u767A\u9054\u3059\u308B\uFF08\u304B\u306E\u3088\u3046\u306B\u307F\u3048\u308B\uFF09\u5171\u9032\u5316\u30D7\u30ED\u30BB\u30B9\u306E\u4E00\u7A2E\u3002\u8ECD\u5099\u62E1\u5F35\u7AF6\u4E89\u306B\u985E\u4F3C\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3053\u3068\u304B\u3089\u540D\u4ED8\u3051\u3089\u308C\u305F\u3002\u9032\u5316\u7684\u8ECD\u62E1\u7AF6\u8D70\u306F\u6355\u98DF\u8005\u3068\u88AB\u98DF\u8005\u3001\u5BC4\u4E3B\u3068\u5BC4\u751F\u8005\u306E\u3088\u3046\u306B\u7570\u306A\u308B\u7A2E\u306B\u304A\u304D\u308B\u3002\u307E\u305F\u540C\u7A2E\u9593\u3067\u3082\u30B3\u30DF\u30E5\u30CB\u30B1\u30FC\u30B7\u30E7\u30F3\u4FE1\u53F7\u306B\u3088\u308B\u64CD\u4F5C/\u64CD\u4F5C\u56DE\u907F\u3001\u30E9\u30F3\u30CA\u30A6\u30A7\u30A4\u30D7\u30ED\u30BB\u30B9\u3001\u8D64\u306E\u5973\u738B\u52B9\u679C\u306E\u3088\u3046\u306B\u540C\u7A2E\u9593\u3067\u3082\u8D77\u304D\u3046\u308B\u3002\u540C\u7A2E\u9593\u306E\u9032\u5316\u7684\u8ECD\u62E1\u7AF6\u8D70\u306E\u4F8B\u306F\u96CC\u96C4\u9593\u306E\u5BFE\u7ACB\u306B\u304A\u3044\u3066\u307F\u3089\u308C\u308B\u3002\u30C6\u30A3\u30A8\u30EA\u30FC\u30FB\u30ED\u30C9\u306F\u9032\u5316\u306B\u304A\u3051\u308B\u7AF6\u4E89\u8005\u9593\u306E\u76F8\u4E92\u4F5C\u7528\u304C\u3084\u7AF6\u4E89\u8005\u9593\u306E\u5171\u9032\u5316\u306B\u679C\u305F\u3059\u5F79\u5272\u3092\u5F37\u8ABF\u3057\u305F\u3002 \u5171\u9032\u5316\u306F\u5FC5\u305A\u3057\u3082\u9032\u5316\u7684\u8ECD\u62E1\u3092\u4FC3\u3059\u308F\u3051\u3067\u306F\u306A\u3044\u3002\u4F8B\u3048\u3070\u76F8\u5229\u5171\u751F\u306F\u5354\u8ABF\u7684\u306A\u9069\u5FDC\u3092\u4E8C\u3064\u306E\u7A2E\u306E\u9593\u306B\u5F15\u304D\u8D77\u3053\u3059\u304B\u3082\u77E5\u308C\u306A\u3044\u3002\u3042\u308B\u7A2E\u306E\u82B1\u306F\u7D2B\u5916\u7DDA\u8272\u306E\u6A21\u69D8\u3067\u30DF\u30C4\u30D0\u30C1\u3092\u82B1\u306E\u4E2D\u5FC3\u306B\u8A98\u5C0E\u3057\u3001\u53D7\u7C89\u3092\u4FC3\u3059\u3002\u307E\u305F\u5171\u9032\u5316\u306F\u4E00\u822C\u7684\u306A\u5B9A\u7FA9\u3067\u306F\u7570\u7A2E\u9593\u306B\u8D77\u304D\u308B\u3082\u306E\u3092\u6307\u3059\u3002\u96CC\u96C4\u9593\u306E\u5BFE\u7ACB\u306E\u3088\u3046\u306A\u540C\u4E00\u7A2E\u5185\u306E\u8ECD\u62E1\u7AF6\u8D70\u306F\u9664\u5916\u3055\u308C\u308B\u3002\u8EAB\u8FD1\u306A\u9032\u5316\u7684\u8ECD\u62E1\u306F\u4EBA\u9593\u3068\u5FAE\u751F\u7269\u306E\u9593\u3067\u884C\u308F\u308C\u308B\u3002\u6297\u751F\u7269\u8CEA\u306F\u5FAE\u751F\u7269\u306B\u9078\u629E\u5727\u3092\u52A0\u3048\u3001\u5FAE\u751F\u7269\u306F\u85AC\u5264\u8010\u6027\u3092\u9032\u5316\u3055\u305B\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . . . "Evolutionaire wapenwedloop"@nl . . "20806"^^ . . . . . . . "Evolutionary arms race"@en . . "V evolu\u010Dn\u00ED biologii znamenaj\u00ED evolu\u010Dn\u00ED z\u00E1vody ve zbrojen\u00ED kompetici mezi geny dvou r\u016Fzn\u00FDch druh\u016F, nap\u0159\u00EDklad dvou konkuren\u010Dn\u00EDch v\u011Btv\u00ED nebo parazita a hostitele (Vermeij 1987), v\u00FDjime\u010Dn\u011B je pojem u\u017E\u00EDv\u00E1n i pro kompetici mezi jednotliv\u00FDmi p\u0159\u00EDslu\u0161n\u00EDky stejn\u00E9ho druhu (Dawkins & Krebs, 1979). Tento efekt \u010Dasto spust\u00ED \u0159et\u011Bzovou reakci a selek\u010Dn\u00ED tlak na jednotliv\u00E9 akt\u00E9ry je \u010D\u00EDm d\u00E1l t\u00EDm vy\u0161\u0161\u00ED. Jedn\u00EDm ze zn\u00E1m\u00FDch p\u0159\u00EDklad\u016F je , zn\u00E1m\u00FD jako Fisherian runaway. P\u0159\u00EDdatn\u00FDmi efekty evolu\u010Dn\u00EDch z\u00E1vod\u016F ve zbrojen\u00ED je i nap\u0159\u00EDklad efekt \u010Derven\u00E9 kr\u00E1lovny, princip ve\u010De\u0159e, nebo \u017Eivot nebo efekt vz\u00E1cn\u00E9ho nep\u0159\u00EDtele. Evolu\u010Dn\u00ED z\u00E1vody ve zbrojen\u00ED m\u016F\u017Eeme rozd\u011Blit podle pole p\u016Fsoben\u00ED na mezidruhov\u00E9 a vnitrodruhov\u00E9 nebo podle zapojen\u00FDch akt\u00E9r\u016F na symetrick\u00E9 (nap\u0159\u00EDklad kompetice mezi dv\u011Bma druhy, kde p\u016Fsob\u00ED stejn\u00FD selek\u010Dn\u00ED tlak na ob\u011B strany) a asymetrick\u00E9 (kde podle principu ve\u010De\u0159e, nebo \u017Eivot p\u016Fsob\u00ED v\u011Bt\u0161\u00ED tlak na hostitele, p\u0159\u00EDpadn\u011B ko\u0159ist). Evolu\u010Dn\u00ED z\u00E1vody ve zbrojen\u00ED tla\u010D\u00ED druh k nov\u00FDm adaptac\u00EDm nebo nov\u00FDm strategi\u00EDm a jsou \u010Dasto d\u016Fvodem, pro\u010D se druh vyv\u00EDj\u00ED. P\u0159\u00EDkladn\u00FDm znakem, vyvinut\u00FDm evolu\u010Dn\u00EDmi z\u00E1vody ve zbrojen\u00ED je v\u00FD\u0161ka strom\u016F, kter\u00E1 by mohla b\u00FDt i mnohem ni\u017E\u0161\u00ED, nicm\u00E9n\u011B v r\u00E1mci boje o p\u0159e\u017Eit\u00ED mezi stromy prob\u00EDh\u00E1 vz\u00E1jemn\u00E1 kompetice vyb\u00EDraj\u00EDc\u00ED nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ED jedince, kte\u0159\u00ED dos\u00E1hnou do m\u00EDst, kde je dostatek sv\u011Btla na fotosynt\u00E9zu."@cs . . . "In evolutionary biology, an evolutionary arms race is an ongoing struggle between competing sets of co-evolving genes, phenotypic and behavioral traits that develop escalating adaptations and counter-adaptations against each other, resembling an arms race. These are often described as examples of positive feedback. The co-evolving gene sets may be in different species, as in an evolutionary arms race between a predator species and its prey (Vermeij, 1987), or a parasite and its host. Alternatively, the arms race may be between members of the same species, as in the manipulation/sales resistance model of communication (Dawkins & Krebs, 1979) or as in runaway evolution or Red Queen effects. One example of an evolutionary arms race is in sexual conflict between the sexes, often described with the term Fisherian runaway. Thierry Lod\u00E9 emphasized the role of such antagonistic interactions in evolution leading to character displacements and antagonistic coevolution."@en . . . . . "En biolog\u00EDa evolutiva, una carrera armamentista evolutiva se refiere a una lucha continua entre conjuntos en competencia de genes coevolutivos, rasgos fenot\u00EDpicos y de comportamiento, o especies, que desarrollan adaptaciones y contraadaptaciones cada vez m\u00E1s intensas unos contra otros, asemej\u00E1ndose a una carrera armamentista. Estas son descritas a menudo como ejemplos de retroalimentaci\u00F3n positiva.\u200B Los conjuntos de genes en co-evoluci\u00F3n pueden ser de diferentes especies, como en una carrera armamentista evolutiva entre una especie depredadora y su presa (Vermeij, 1987), o entre un par\u00E1sito y su hu\u00E9sped. Alternativamente, la carrera armamentista puede darse entre miembros de la misma especie, como en el modelo de comunicaci\u00F3n de resistencia a la manipulaci\u00F3n/ventas (Dawkins & Krebs, 1979) o como en efectos de evoluci\u00F3n desbocada (runaway) o en efectos de Reina Roja. Un ejemplo de una carrera armamentista evolutiva se aprecia en el conflicto sexual entre sexos, descrito con frecuencia con el t\u00E9rmino desbocado (runaway) fisheriano. Thierry Lod\u00E9ha enfatizado el rol de tales interacciones antag\u00F3nicas en la evoluci\u00F3n llevando a desplazamientos de caracteres y coevoluci\u00F3n antag\u00F3nica."@es . . . . . "\u9032\u5316\u7684\u8ECD\u62E1\u7AF6\u8D70\uFF08\u307E\u305F\u306F\u3001-\u4E89\u3001evolutionary arms race\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u751F\u7269\u306E\u9032\u5316\u306B\u304A\u3044\u3066\u3001\u3042\u308B\u9069\u5FDC\u3068\u305D\u308C\u306B\u5BFE\u3059\u308B\u5BFE\u6297\u9069\u5FDC\u304C\u7AF6\u3046\u3088\u3046\u306B\u767A\u9054\u3059\u308B\uFF08\u304B\u306E\u3088\u3046\u306B\u307F\u3048\u308B\uFF09\u5171\u9032\u5316\u30D7\u30ED\u30BB\u30B9\u306E\u4E00\u7A2E\u3002\u8ECD\u5099\u62E1\u5F35\u7AF6\u4E89\u306B\u985E\u4F3C\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3053\u3068\u304B\u3089\u540D\u4ED8\u3051\u3089\u308C\u305F\u3002\u9032\u5316\u7684\u8ECD\u62E1\u7AF6\u8D70\u306F\u6355\u98DF\u8005\u3068\u88AB\u98DF\u8005\u3001\u5BC4\u4E3B\u3068\u5BC4\u751F\u8005\u306E\u3088\u3046\u306B\u7570\u306A\u308B\u7A2E\u306B\u304A\u304D\u308B\u3002\u307E\u305F\u540C\u7A2E\u9593\u3067\u3082\u30B3\u30DF\u30E5\u30CB\u30B1\u30FC\u30B7\u30E7\u30F3\u4FE1\u53F7\u306B\u3088\u308B\u64CD\u4F5C/\u64CD\u4F5C\u56DE\u907F\u3001\u30E9\u30F3\u30CA\u30A6\u30A7\u30A4\u30D7\u30ED\u30BB\u30B9\u3001\u8D64\u306E\u5973\u738B\u52B9\u679C\u306E\u3088\u3046\u306B\u540C\u7A2E\u9593\u3067\u3082\u8D77\u304D\u3046\u308B\u3002\u540C\u7A2E\u9593\u306E\u9032\u5316\u7684\u8ECD\u62E1\u7AF6\u8D70\u306E\u4F8B\u306F\u96CC\u96C4\u9593\u306E\u5BFE\u7ACB\u306B\u304A\u3044\u3066\u307F\u3089\u308C\u308B\u3002\u30C6\u30A3\u30A8\u30EA\u30FC\u30FB\u30ED\u30C9\u306F\u9032\u5316\u306B\u304A\u3051\u308B\u7AF6\u4E89\u8005\u9593\u306E\u76F8\u4E92\u4F5C\u7528\u304C\u3084\u7AF6\u4E89\u8005\u9593\u306E\u5171\u9032\u5316\u306B\u679C\u305F\u3059\u5F79\u5272\u3092\u5F37\u8ABF\u3057\u305F\u3002 \u5171\u9032\u5316\u306F\u5FC5\u305A\u3057\u3082\u9032\u5316\u7684\u8ECD\u62E1\u3092\u4FC3\u3059\u308F\u3051\u3067\u306F\u306A\u3044\u3002\u4F8B\u3048\u3070\u76F8\u5229\u5171\u751F\u306F\u5354\u8ABF\u7684\u306A\u9069\u5FDC\u3092\u4E8C\u3064\u306E\u7A2E\u306E\u9593\u306B\u5F15\u304D\u8D77\u3053\u3059\u304B\u3082\u77E5\u308C\u306A\u3044\u3002\u3042\u308B\u7A2E\u306E\u82B1\u306F\u7D2B\u5916\u7DDA\u8272\u306E\u6A21\u69D8\u3067\u30DF\u30C4\u30D0\u30C1\u3092\u82B1\u306E\u4E2D\u5FC3\u306B\u8A98\u5C0E\u3057\u3001\u53D7\u7C89\u3092\u4FC3\u3059\u3002\u307E\u305F\u5171\u9032\u5316\u306F\u4E00\u822C\u7684\u306A\u5B9A\u7FA9\u3067\u306F\u7570\u7A2E\u9593\u306B\u8D77\u304D\u308B\u3082\u306E\u3092\u6307\u3059\u3002\u96CC\u96C4\u9593\u306E\u5BFE\u7ACB\u306E\u3088\u3046\u306A\u540C\u4E00\u7A2E\u5185\u306E\u8ECD\u62E1\u7AF6\u8D70\u306F\u9664\u5916\u3055\u308C\u308B\u3002\u8EAB\u8FD1\u306A\u9032\u5316\u7684\u8ECD\u62E1\u306F\u4EBA\u9593\u3068\u5FAE\u751F\u7269\u306E\u9593\u3067\u884C\u308F\u308C\u308B\u3002\u6297\u751F\u7269\u8CEA\u306F\u5FAE\u751F\u7269\u306B\u9078\u629E\u5727\u3092\u52A0\u3048\u3001\u5FAE\u751F\u7269\u306F\u85AC\u5264\u8010\u6027\u3092\u9032\u5316\u3055\u305B\u308B\u3002 \u9032\u5316\u306B\u4E00\u822C\u7684\u306A\u65B9\u5411\u6027\u306F\u306A\u304F\u3001\u307E\u305F\u9032\u6B69\u3084\u524D\u9032\u306E\u50BE\u5411\u3082\u306A\u3044\u3002\u3057\u304B\u3057\u9032\u5316\u7684\u8ECD\u62E1\u7AF6\u8D70\u306F\u4E00\u6642\u7684\u306B\u306F\u9032\u5316\u306B\u660E\u78BA\u306A\u65B9\u5411\u6027\u3092\u4E0E\u3048\u3001\u9032\u6B69\u3084\u524D\u9032\u306E\u50BE\u5411\u3092\u4E0E\u3048\u308B\u3002\u4F8B\u3048\u3070\u6606\u866B\u306E\u3059\u3070\u3089\u3057\u3044\u64EC\u614B\u306F\u6355\u98DF\u8005\u306E\u76EE\u3068\u64EC\u614B\u306E\u9593\u306B\u8D77\u304D\u308B\u9032\u5316\u7684\u8ECD\u62E1\u7AF6\u8D70\u3067\u8AAC\u660E\u3067\u304D\u308B\u3002"@ja . "Dalam biologi evolusioner, perlombaan senjata evolusioner adalah persaingan evolusioner antara sekumpulan gen yang saling mengembangkan adaptasi terhadap satu sama lain, sehingga tampak seperti perlombaan senjata. Sekumpulan gen yang saling bersaing tersebut bisa berada dalam spesies yang berbeda, seperti misalnya antara predator dan buruannya (Vermeij, 1987), atau antara parasit dan inangnya. Perlombaan senjata evolusioner juga dapat terjadi antara anggota sesama spesies, seperti dalam model komunikasi manipulasi/resistansi (Dawkins & Krebs, 1979), dalam , dalam efek Ratu Merah, atau dalam konflik seksual antara kedua jenis kelamin. menekankan peranan interaksi antagonistik semacam itu dalam mengarahkan evolusi ke . Salah satu contoh perlombaan senjata evolusioner adalah antara manusia dan mikroorganisme: peneliti membuat antibiotik, sementara mikroorganisme berevolusi menjadi galur baru yang imun."@in . . . . "En biolog\u00EDa evolutiva, una carrera armamentista evolutiva se refiere a una lucha continua entre conjuntos en competencia de genes coevolutivos, rasgos fenot\u00EDpicos y de comportamiento, o especies, que desarrollan adaptaciones y contraadaptaciones cada vez m\u00E1s intensas unos contra otros, asemej\u00E1ndose a una carrera armamentista. Estas son descritas a menudo como ejemplos de retroalimentaci\u00F3n positiva.\u200B Los conjuntos de genes en co-evoluci\u00F3n pueden ser de diferentes especies, como en una carrera armamentista evolutiva entre una especie depredadora y su presa (Vermeij, 1987), o entre un par\u00E1sito y su hu\u00E9sped. Alternativamente, la carrera armamentista puede darse entre miembros de la misma especie, como en el modelo de comunicaci\u00F3n de resistencia a la manipulaci\u00F3n/ventas (Dawkins & Krebs, 1979) "@es . . "Perlombaan senjata evolusioner"@in . . . . . . . "\u5728\u8FDB\u5316\u751F\u7269\u5B66\u4E2D\uFF0C\u8FDB\u5316\u519B\u5907\u7ADE\u8D5B\u6216\u6F14\u5316\u519B\u5907\u7ADE\u8D5B\u662F\u4E00\u7EC4\u76F8\u4E92\u7ADE\u4E89\u7684\u5171\u540C\u8FDB\u5316\u57FA\u56E0\u3001\u8868\u578B\u548C\u884C\u4E3A\u7279\u5F81\u6216\u7269\u79CD\u95F4\u7684\u6301\u7EED\u6597\u4E89\uFF0C\u5B83\u4EEC\u76F8\u4E92\u53D1\u5C55\u5347\u7EA7\u5F62\u6210\u7684\u9069\u61C9\u548C\u53CD\u9002\u5E94\u7C7B\u4F3C\u4E8E\u519B\u5907\u7ADE\u8D5B\u3002\u8FD9\u4E9B\u884C\u4E3A\u901A\u5E38\u88AB\u63CF\u8FF0\u4E3A\u6B63\u56DE\u994B\u7684\u4F8B\u5B50\u3002"@zh . "La corsa agli armamenti evolutiva (Evolutionary arms race, tradotta anche come corsa evolutiva agli armamenti) consiste in un miglioramento della propria linea genealogica per poter sopravvivere, come diretta conseguenza dei miglioramenti di altre linee genealogiche. \u00C8 un tipo di coevoluzione. In termini pi\u00F9 semplice si tratta di un tipo di competizione, fra due o pi\u00F9 organismi, della stessa o di diverse specie, i quali presentano, nel corso del tempo, degli adattamenti che gli permetteranno, sempre con maggiore efficienza, di riuscire a resistere, se non in alcuni casi a vincere, la sfida. Fatte queste premesse, si pu\u00F2 dire che si tratta di un potente motore dell'evoluzione (come d'altronde suggerisce l'ipotesi della Regina Rossa). Questo concetto \u00E8 stato definito da Richard Dawkins. Il n"@it . . . . "\u9032\u5316\u7684\u8ECD\u62E1\u7AF6\u8D70"@ja . . . . . . . . . . . "Corrida armamentista evolutiva, ou corrida evolutiva ao armamento, \u00E9 uma express\u00E3o usada em biologia evolutiva para indicar o desenvolvimento de caracter\u00EDsticas em esp\u00E9cies ou popula\u00E7\u00F5es, possuem uma determinada rela\u00E7\u00E3o ecol\u00F3gica, onde o desenvolvimento dessas caracter\u00EDsticas, adapta\u00E7\u00F5es, em uma das popula\u00E7\u00F5es for\u00E7am o desenvolvimento de novas caracter\u00EDsticas adaptativas naquela outra popula\u00E7\u00E3o que se encontra na intera\u00E7\u00E3o. De maneira mais simplificada, a corrida ao armamento \u00E9 uma luta evolutiva entre conjuntos de genes em coevolu\u00E7\u00E3o que desenvolvem adapta\u00E7\u00F5es e contra-adapta\u00E7\u00F5es em rela\u00E7\u00E3o aos outros. Por exemplo, quando uma esp\u00E9cie de predador desenvolve uma adapta\u00E7\u00E3o que lhe permita capturar sua presa de maneira mais eficiente, isso vai aumentar seu valor adaptativo e diminuir o de sua"@pt . "\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0642 \u062A\u0633\u0644\u062D \u062A\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064A"@ar . . . . . . . . . . "Corrida armamentista evolutiva, ou corrida evolutiva ao armamento, \u00E9 uma express\u00E3o usada em biologia evolutiva para indicar o desenvolvimento de caracter\u00EDsticas em esp\u00E9cies ou popula\u00E7\u00F5es, possuem uma determinada rela\u00E7\u00E3o ecol\u00F3gica, onde o desenvolvimento dessas caracter\u00EDsticas, adapta\u00E7\u00F5es, em uma das popula\u00E7\u00F5es for\u00E7am o desenvolvimento de novas caracter\u00EDsticas adaptativas naquela outra popula\u00E7\u00E3o que se encontra na intera\u00E7\u00E3o. De maneira mais simplificada, a corrida ao armamento \u00E9 uma luta evolutiva entre conjuntos de genes em coevolu\u00E7\u00E3o que desenvolvem adapta\u00E7\u00F5es e contra-adapta\u00E7\u00F5es em rela\u00E7\u00E3o aos outros. Por exemplo, quando uma esp\u00E9cie de predador desenvolve uma adapta\u00E7\u00E3o que lhe permita capturar sua presa de maneira mais eficiente, isso vai aumentar seu valor adaptativo e diminuir o de sua presa, assim a esp\u00E9cie da presa \u00E9 selecionada para tamb\u00E9m desenvolver uma nova caracter\u00EDstica que aumente seu valor adaptativo e ajude-a a se defender ou escapar de maneira mais eficiente. Com isso, os valores adaptativos se invertem e \u00E9 novamente o predador que ter\u00E1 de desenvolver uma nova adapta\u00E7\u00E3o para obter sucesso em sua rela\u00E7\u00E3o com a presa, e assim uma popula\u00E7\u00E3o vai se desenvolvendo e apresentando \u201Carmas\u201D contra o outro, de maneira alternada, como uma corrida armamentista. O termo corrida armamentista evolutiva \u00E9 uma met\u00E1fora utilizada em rela\u00E7\u00E3o \u00E0 real corrida armamentista que ocorre entre pa\u00EDses como, por exemplo, na Guerra Fria entre Estados Unidos e Uni\u00E3o Sovi\u00E9tica, onde um apresentava um armamento e o outro em resposta desenvolvia outro que contrariava o primeiro, e assim sucessivamente."@pt . "\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0633\u0644\u062D \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064A\u060C \u0641\u064A \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062D\u064A\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064A\u060C \u0647\u0648 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u062A\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064A \u0628\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062C\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u064A\u0646\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u062A\u062A\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u062A\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u062A\u0646\u0645\u064A \u062A\u0643\u064A\u0641\u0627\u062A \u0648\u0623\u064A\u0636\u0627\u064B \u062A\u0643\u064A\u0641\u0627\u062A \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633\u0629 \u062D\u062A\u0649 \u062A\u062A\u0635\u062F\u0649 \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636\u060C \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064A\u0645\u062B\u0644 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0642\u0627\u064B \u062A\u0633\u0644\u062D\u064A\u0627\u064B\u060C \u0648\u0647\u064A \u0623\u064A\u0636\u0627\u064B \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062B\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062A\u062C\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064A\u062C\u0627\u0628\u064A. \u0645\u062C\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062C\u064A\u0646\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u062A\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062A\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062A\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062E\u062A\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060C \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064A\u062D\u062F\u062B \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0633\u0644\u062D \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064A \u0628\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062A\u0631\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062D\u064A\u0629\u060C \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u064A\u0641. \u064A\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064A\u062D\u062F\u062B \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0633\u0644\u062D \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064A \u0623\u064A\u0636\u0627\u064B \u0628\u064A\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062F \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u060C \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064A \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062C \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628\u064A\u0629\u060C \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064A\u062D\u062F\u062B \u0641\u064A (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062C\u0644\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0629: runaway evolution)\u200F \u0623\u0648 \u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621. \u0625\u0646\u064E\u0651 \u0623\u062D\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062B\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0633\u0644\u062D \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064A \u0647\u0648 \u0628\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0646\u0633\u064A\u0646. \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062D\u064A\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064A \u062A\u064A\u064A\u0631\u064A \u0644\u0648\u062F (Thierry Lod\u00E9) \u0634\u062F\u062F \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u064E\u0651 \u0645\u062B\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0622\u062B\u0631\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062A\u0624\u062F\u064A \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u062D\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062E\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u062D\u062F\u0648\u062B \u062A\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u062A\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u062A\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639."@ar . . . . . "Een evolutionaire wapenwedloop is concurrende adaptatie in organismen, die in strijd tegen elkaar co-evolueren, net als bij een wapenwedloop. Evolutionaire wapenwedlopen komen doorgaans voor tussen een predator en een prooi, of bij een parasiet en een gastheer. Bepaalde predatorstrategie\u00EBn vormen de selectieve drijvende kracht voor de ontwikkeling en verfijning van prooistrategie\u00EBn, en vice versa. Ook tussen leden van dezelfde soort komt het voor, zoals in of het Red Queeneffect, een voorbeeld daarvan is . Een evolutionaire wapenwedloop is niet per se co-evolutie, maar vooral de escalatie die daaruit voortkomt. Co-evolutie verloopt gebruikelijk in samenwerkingsverband zoals bij mutualisme, waarbij twee soorten beide voordeel hebben, bijvoorbeeld bijen en bloemen die beide van bestuiving profiteren. Tussen mensen en micro-organismen bestaat er ook een evolutionaire wapenwedloop: terwijl micro-organismen resistentie tegen antibiotica proberen op te bouwen, wordt er door medische onderzoekers een nieuw antibioticum ontwikkeld."@nl . . . "Corsa agli armamenti evolutiva"@it . . "Corrida armamentista evolutiva"@pt . . . . . . . . "\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0633\u0644\u062D \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064A\u060C \u0641\u064A \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062D\u064A\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064A\u060C \u0647\u0648 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u062A\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064A \u0628\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062C\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u064A\u0646\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u062A\u062A\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u062A\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u062A\u0646\u0645\u064A \u062A\u0643\u064A\u0641\u0627\u062A \u0648\u0623\u064A\u0636\u0627\u064B \u062A\u0643\u064A\u0641\u0627\u062A \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633\u0629 \u062D\u062A\u0649 \u062A\u062A\u0635\u062F\u0649 \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636\u060C \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064A\u0645\u062B\u0644 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0642\u0627\u064B \u062A\u0633\u0644\u062D\u064A\u0627\u064B\u060C \u0648\u0647\u064A \u0623\u064A\u0636\u0627\u064B \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062B\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062A\u062C\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064A\u062C\u0627\u0628\u064A. \u0645\u062C\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062C\u064A\u0646\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u062A\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062A\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062A\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062E\u062A\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060C \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064A\u062D\u062F\u062B \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0633\u0644\u062D \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064A \u0628\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062A\u0631\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062D\u064A\u0629\u060C \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u064A\u0641. \u064A\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064A\u062D\u062F\u062B \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0633\u0644\u062D \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064A \u0623\u064A\u0636\u0627\u064B \u0628\u064A\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062F \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u060C \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064A \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062C \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628\u064A\u0629\u060C \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064A\u062D\u062F\u062B \u0641\u064A (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062C\u0644\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0629: runaway evolution)\u200F \u0623\u0648 \u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621. \u0625\u0646\u064E\u0651 \u0623\u062D\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062B\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0633\u0644\u062D \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064A \u0647\u0648 \u0628\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0646\u0633\u064A\u0646. \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062D\u064A\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064A \u062A\u064A\u064A\u0631\u064A \u0644\u0648\u062F (Thierry Lod\u00E9) \u0634\u062F\u062F \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u064E\u0651 \u0645\u062B\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0622\u062B\u0631\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062A\u0624\u062F\u064A \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u062D\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062E\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u062D\u062F\u0648\u062B \u062A\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u062A\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u062A\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639."@ar . "Evolu\u010Dn\u00ED z\u00E1vody ve zbrojen\u00ED"@cs . . . . . "\u5728\u8FDB\u5316\u751F\u7269\u5B66\u4E2D\uFF0C\u8FDB\u5316\u519B\u5907\u7ADE\u8D5B\u6216\u6F14\u5316\u519B\u5907\u7ADE\u8D5B\u662F\u4E00\u7EC4\u76F8\u4E92\u7ADE\u4E89\u7684\u5171\u540C\u8FDB\u5316\u57FA\u56E0\u3001\u8868\u578B\u548C\u884C\u4E3A\u7279\u5F81\u6216\u7269\u79CD\u95F4\u7684\u6301\u7EED\u6597\u4E89\uFF0C\u5B83\u4EEC\u76F8\u4E92\u53D1\u5C55\u5347\u7EA7\u5F62\u6210\u7684\u9069\u61C9\u548C\u53CD\u9002\u5E94\u7C7B\u4F3C\u4E8E\u519B\u5907\u7ADE\u8D5B\u3002\u8FD9\u4E9B\u884C\u4E3A\u901A\u5E38\u88AB\u63CF\u8FF0\u4E3A\u6B63\u56DE\u994B\u7684\u4F8B\u5B50\u3002"@zh . . "Carrera armamentista evolutiva"@es . . "In evolutionary biology, an evolutionary arms race is an ongoing struggle between competing sets of co-evolving genes, phenotypic and behavioral traits that develop escalating adaptations and counter-adaptations against each other, resembling an arms race. These are often described as examples of positive feedback. The co-evolving gene sets may be in different species, as in an evolutionary arms race between a predator species and its prey (Vermeij, 1987), or a parasite and its host. Alternatively, the arms race may be between members of the same species, as in the manipulation/sales resistance model of communication (Dawkins & Krebs, 1979) or as in runaway evolution or Red Queen effects. One example of an evolutionary arms race is in sexual conflict between the sexes, often described with"@en . . "V evolu\u010Dn\u00ED biologii znamenaj\u00ED evolu\u010Dn\u00ED z\u00E1vody ve zbrojen\u00ED kompetici mezi geny dvou r\u016Fzn\u00FDch druh\u016F, nap\u0159\u00EDklad dvou konkuren\u010Dn\u00EDch v\u011Btv\u00ED nebo parazita a hostitele (Vermeij 1987), v\u00FDjime\u010Dn\u011B je pojem u\u017E\u00EDv\u00E1n i pro kompetici mezi jednotliv\u00FDmi p\u0159\u00EDslu\u0161n\u00EDky stejn\u00E9ho druhu (Dawkins & Krebs, 1979). Tento efekt \u010Dasto spust\u00ED \u0159et\u011Bzovou reakci a selek\u010Dn\u00ED tlak na jednotliv\u00E9 akt\u00E9ry je \u010D\u00EDm d\u00E1l t\u00EDm vy\u0161\u0161\u00ED. Jedn\u00EDm ze zn\u00E1m\u00FDch p\u0159\u00EDklad\u016F je , zn\u00E1m\u00FD jako Fisherian runaway. P\u0159\u00EDdatn\u00FDmi efekty evolu\u010Dn\u00EDch z\u00E1vod\u016F ve zbrojen\u00ED je i nap\u0159\u00EDklad efekt \u010Derven\u00E9 kr\u00E1lovny, princip ve\u010De\u0159e, nebo \u017Eivot nebo efekt vz\u00E1cn\u00E9ho nep\u0159\u00EDtele."@cs . . .