@prefix rdf: . @prefix dbr: . @prefix schema: . dbr:East_Germany rdf:type schema:Place . @prefix yago: . dbr:East_Germany rdf:type yago:Region108630039 , yago:Region108630985 , yago:AdministrativeDistrict108491826 , yago:Country108544813 , yago:ManagedEconomy108367100 , yago:WikicatSovietSatelliteStates , yago:WikicatEconomiesOfFormerCountries , yago:PhysicalEntity100001930 , yago:Group100031264 . @prefix umbel-rc: . dbr:East_Germany rdf:type umbel-rc:Location_Underspecified , umbel-rc:Country , yago:Location100027167 . @prefix owl: . dbr:East_Germany rdf:type owl:Thing , yago:Object100002684 , umbel-rc:PopulatedPlace , yago:YagoGeoEntity , yago:System108435388 , yago:YagoLegalActorGeo , yago:YagoPermanentlyLocatedEntity , yago:WikicatDividedRegions , yago:WikicatFormerMemberStatesOfTheUnitedNations , yago:WikicatFormerCommunistEconomies , yago:Abstraction100002137 . @prefix dbo: . dbr:East_Germany rdf:type dbo:Country , yago:WikicatFormerCountriesInEurope , yago:WikicatCommunistStates , yago:District108552138 , yago:Economy108366753 , yago:CommunistEconomy108367579 , dbo:Location , dbo:Place , schema:Country . @prefix wikidata: . dbr:East_Germany rdf:type wikidata:Q6256 , yago:Non-marketEconomy108365344 , yago:WikicatStatesAndTerritoriesDisestablishedIn1990 , yago:WikicatStatesAndTerritoriesEstablishedIn1949 , dbo:PopulatedPlace . @prefix rdfs: . dbr:East_Germany rdfs:label "Rep\u00FAblica Democr\u00E1tica Alemana"@es , "\u30C9\u30A4\u30C4\u6C11\u4E3B\u5171\u548C\u56FD"@ja , "Alemaniako Errepublika Demokratikoa"@eu , "R\u00E9publique d\u00E9mocratique allemande"@fr , "\uB3D9\uB3C5"@ko , "East Germany"@en , "Deutsche Demokratische Republik"@de , "Alemanha Oriental"@pt , "\u00D6sttyskland"@sv , "Niemiecka Republika Demokratyczna"@pl , "Jerman Timur"@in , "Rep\u00FAblica Democr\u00E0tica Alemanya"@ca , "\u041D\u0456\u043C\u0435\u0446\u044C\u043A\u0430 \u0414\u0435\u043C\u043E\u043A\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0430 \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043F\u0443\u0431\u043B\u0456\u043A\u0430"@uk , "\u039B\u03B1\u03BF\u03BA\u03C1\u03B1\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u0394\u03B7\u03BC\u03BF\u03BA\u03C1\u03B1\u03C4\u03AF\u03B1 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u0393\u03B5\u03C1\u03BC\u03B1\u03BD\u03AF\u03B1\u03C2"@el , "\u0413\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0430\u044F \u0414\u0435\u043C\u043E\u043A\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0430\u044F \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043F\u0443\u0431\u043B\u0438\u043A\u0430"@ru , "N\u011Bmeck\u00E1 demokratick\u00E1 republika"@cs , "\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064A\u0629"@ar , "\u6771\u5FB7"@zh , "Repubblica Democratica Tedesca"@it , "Germana Demokratia Respubliko"@eo , "Duitse Democratische Republiek"@nl ; rdfs:comment "Allemagne de l'Est(\nPour les articles homonymes, voir RDA et DDR. )(\n\u00AB Allemagne de l'Est \u00BB redirige ici. Pour les autres significations, voir Allemagne de l'Est (r\u00E9gion). ) R\u00E9publique d\u00E9mocratique allemande(de) Deutsche Demokratische Republik 7 octobre 1949 \u2013 3 octobre 1990(40 ans, 11 mois et 26 jours) Localisation de l'Allemagne de l'Est (en vert) dans l'Europe de 1961. Entit\u00E9s pr\u00E9c\u00E9dentes : \n* Allemagne occup\u00E9e (zone sovi\u00E9tique) Entit\u00E9s suivantes : \n* R\u00E9publique f\u00E9d\u00E9rale d'Allemagne"@fr , "\u30C9\u30A4\u30C4\u6C11\u4E3B\u5171\u548C\u56FD\uFF08\u30C9\u30A4\u30C4\u307F\u3093\u3057\u3085\u304D\u3087\u3046\u308F\u3053\u304F\u3001\u30C9\u30A4\u30C4\u8A9E: Deutsche Demokratische Republik; DDR\uFF09\u3001\u901A\u79F0\u6771\u30C9\u30A4\u30C4\uFF08\u3072\u304C\u3057\u30C9\u30A4\u30C4\u3001\u30C9\u30A4\u30C4\u8A9E: Ostdeutschland\uFF09\u307E\u305F\u306F\u6771\u72EC\uFF08\u3068\u3046\u3069\u304F\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u7B2C\u4E8C\u6B21\u4E16\u754C\u5927\u6226\u5F8C\u306E1949\u5E7410\u6708\u306B\u30C9\u30A4\u30C4\u306E\u30BD\u9023\u5360\u9818\u5730\u57DF\u306B\u5EFA\u56FD\u3055\u308C\u305F\u56FD\u5BB6\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002 \u65E7\u30C9\u30A4\u30C4\u56FD\u897F\u90E8\u304B\u3089\u5357\u90E8\u306B\u304B\u3051\u3066\u306E\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u30FB\u30A4\u30AE\u30EA\u30B9\u30FB\u30D5\u30E9\u30F3\u30B9\u5360\u9818\u5730\u57DF\u306B\u5EFA\u56FD\u3055\u308C\u305F\u30C9\u30A4\u30C4\u9023\u90A6\u5171\u548C\u56FD\uFF08\u897F\u30C9\u30A4\u30C4\uFF09\u3068\u5171\u306B\u30C9\u30A4\u30C4\u3092\u4E8C\u5206\u3057\u305F\u5206\u65AD\u56FD\u5BB6\u306E\u4E00\u3064\u30021990\u5E7410\u6708\u306B\u30C9\u30A4\u30C4\u9023\u90A6\u5171\u548C\u56FD\u306B\u9818\u571F\u3092\u7DE8\u5165\u3055\u308C\u308B\u5F62\u3067\u6D88\u6EC5\u3057\u305F\u3002"@ja , "La Repubblica Democratica Tedesca (RDT) (in tedesco: Deutsche Demokratische Republik, abbreviato in DDR), comunemente indicata come Germania Est o Germania Orientale (Ostdeutschland), fu uno Stato socialista esistito dal 1949 al 1990 sul territorio corrispondente alla zona di occupazione della Germania assegnata all'Unione Sovietica alla fine della seconda guerra mondiale. La capitale era posta nel settore orientale di Berlino (Berlin, Hauptstadt der DDR) e la lingua ufficiale era il tedesco."@it , "\u0413\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0430\u0301\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0430\u044F \u0414\u0435\u043C\u043E\u043A\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0301\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0430\u044F \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043F\u0443\u0301\u0431\u043B\u0438\u043A\u0430 (\u0413\u0414\u0420) (\u043D\u0435\u043C. Deutsche Demokratische Republik, DDR); \u043D\u0435\u043E\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E \u0442\u0430\u043A\u0436\u0435 \u0412\u043E\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0301\u0447\u043D\u0430\u044F \u0413\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0430\u0301\u043D\u0438\u044F (\u043D\u0435\u043C. Ostdeutschland) \u2014 \u0441\u043E\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0435 \u0433\u043E\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E, \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0432\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0435 \u043D\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0426\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043E\u043F\u044B, \u0432 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043E\u0434 \u0441 7 \u043E\u043A\u0442\u044F\u0431\u0440\u044F 1949 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u043E 3 \u043E\u043A\u0442\u044F\u0431\u0440\u044F 1990 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430. \u0413\u0414\u0420 \u0431\u044B\u043B\u0430 \u043E\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0430 7 \u043E\u043A\u0442\u044F\u0431\u0440\u044F 1949 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430 \u043D\u0430 \u043C\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0431\u044B\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u043E\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u043E\u043A\u043A\u0443\u043F\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043E\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0437\u043E\u043D\u044B \u0413\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0438 \u043D\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0412\u043E\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0413\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0438 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u044B\u0440\u0435 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430 \u043F\u043E\u0441\u043B\u0435 \u043E\u043A\u043E\u043D\u0447\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0412\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0439 \u043C\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0439 \u0432\u043E\u0439\u043D\u044B."@ru , "\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064A\u0629; \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064A\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u064A\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064A\u0629 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0629 Deutsche Demokratische Republik \u062F\u0648\u064A\u062A\u0634\u0647 \u062F\u064A\u0645\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062A\u0634\u0647 \u0631\u064A\u0628\u0651\u0648\u0628\u0644\u064A\u0643). \u0648\u0647\u064A \u062F\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062F\u0627\u062E\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062A\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064A\u0629 \u062E\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062A\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062F\u0629. \u0627\u0633\u062A\u0645\u0631\u062A \u0645\u0646 1949 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1990\u060C \u0648\u0642\u062F \u062D\u0643\u0645\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A \u0627\u062D\u062A\u0644\u062A\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064A\u062A\u064A\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0624\u062A\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u062A\u0633\u062F\u0627\u0645\u060C \u0627\u0644\u062D\u062F\u0648\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064A\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062F\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u064A \u062E\u0637 \u0623\u0648\u062F\u0631-\u0646\u064A\u0633. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064A\u064A\u062A\u064A\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062A \u062A\u062D\u064A\u0637 \u0628\u0628\u0631\u0644\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063A\u0631\u0628\u064A\u0629\u060C \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062A\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u062A\u062D\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062F\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064A\u062A\u064A\u0629\u060C \u0648\u0646\u062A\u064A\u062C\u0629 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060C \u0638\u0644\u062A \u0628\u0631\u0644\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063A\u0631\u0628\u064A\u0629 \u062E\u0627\u0631\u062C \u0633\u064A\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064A\u062A\u064A \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062C\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u064A\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064A\u0629.\u0648\u0643\u062B\u064A\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u062A \u062C\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u064A\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064A\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062A\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u062D\u062F\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062A\u062D\u0627\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064A\u062A\u064A. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064A\u062A\u064A\u0629 \u0628\u062F\u0623\u062A \u0641\u064A \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062F\u0627\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u062F\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064A\u0648\u0639\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064A \u0641\u064A \u0639\u0627\u0645 1948\u060C \u0641\u064A \u062D\u064A\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062D\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062E\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u062F\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u062A\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0646 7 \u062A\u0634\u0631\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 "@ar , "Alemaniako Errepublika Demokratikoa (alemanez: Deutsche Demokratische Republik, DDR), Ekialdeko Alemania ere deitua, Erdialdeko Europako antzinako estatu sozialista izan zen, 1949-1990 bitartean iraun zuena. 108.333 kilometro koadroko eremua hartzen zuen, eta 16,1 milioi biztanle zituen 1970ean. Berlin zen hiriburua."@eu , "N\u011Bmeck\u00E1 demokratick\u00E1 republika (NDR, v n\u011Bmecky mluv\u00EDc\u00EDch zem\u00EDch i jinde b\u011B\u017En\u011B DDR, zkratka pro Deutsche Demokratische Republik, angl. zkratkou GDR), t\u00E9\u017E (nep\u0159esn\u011B) zvan\u00E1 \u201EV\u00FDchodn\u00ED N\u011Bmecko\u201C, byl st\u0159edoevropsk\u00FD st\u00E1t, kter\u00FD existoval mezi lety 1949 a\u017E 1990 v obdob\u00ED b\u011Bhem studen\u00E9 v\u00E1lky, kdy byla v\u00FDchodn\u00ED \u010D\u00E1st N\u011Bmecka sou\u010D\u00E1st\u00ED v\u00FDchodn\u00EDho bloku. Oby\u010Dejn\u011B byl na z\u00E1pad\u011B popisovan\u00FD jako komunistick\u00FD st\u00E1t, ale s\u00E1m sebe naz\u00FDval jako socialistick\u00FD \u201Cd\u011Blnick\u00FD a rolnick\u00FD st\u00E1t\u201D. Skl\u00E1dal se z \u00FAzem\u00ED, kter\u00E9 bylo po druh\u00E9 sv\u011Btov\u00E9 v\u00E1lce obsazeno a spravov\u00E1no sov\u011Btsk\u00FDmi silami, tedy sov\u011Btsk\u00E9 okupa\u010Dn\u00ED z\u00F3ny N\u011Bmecka a fakticky i v\u00FDchodn\u00EDho sektoru Berl\u00EDna dle postupimsk\u00E9 dohody, na v\u00FDchod\u011B ohrani\u010Den lini\u00ED Odra-Nisa. Sov\u011Btsk\u00E1 z\u00F3na obklopovala Z\u00E1padn\u00ED Berl\u00EDn, ale nezahrnovala jej; v d\u016Fsledku toho z\u016Fstal Z\u00E1padn\u00ED Berl"@cs , "East Germany, officially the German Democratic Republic (GDR; German: Deutsche Demokratische Republik, pronounced [\u02C8d\u0254\u028Ft\u0283\u0259 demo\u02C8k\u0281a\u02D0t\u026A\u0283\u0259 \u0281epu\u02C8bli\u02D0k], DDR, pronounced [\u02CCde\u02D0de\u02D0\u02C8\u0294\u025B\u0281]), was a country that existed from its creation on 7 October 1949 until its dissolution on 3 October 1990. In these years the state was a part of the Eastern Bloc in the Cold War. Commonly described as a communist state, it described itself as a socialist \"workers' and peasants' state\". Its territory was administered and occupied by Soviet forces following the end of World War II\u2014the Soviet occupation zone of the Potsdam Agreement, bounded on the east by the Oder\u2013Neisse line. The Soviet zone surrounded West Berlin but did not include it and West Berlin remained outside the jurisdiction of the GDR."@en , "De Duitse Democratische Republiek (Duits: Deutsche Demokratische Republik, DDR), ook wel Oost-Duitsland genoemd, was een communistisch land in Europa. Het land ontstond in 1949 in het door de Sovjet-Unie bezette deel van het verslagen Duitsland. Officieel bestond de DDR van 7 oktober 1949 tot 3 oktober 1990, de dag van de Duitse hereniging. Die dag werden de DDR en de Bondsrepubliek Duitsland tot \u00E9\u00E9n land, het tegenwoordige Duitsland, herenigd. De oude deelstaten die in 1952 waren afgeschaft werden hersteld."@nl , "\u0397 \u039B\u03B1\u03BF\u03BA\u03C1\u03B1\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u0394\u03B7\u03BC\u03BF\u03BA\u03C1\u03B1\u03C4\u03AF\u03B1 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u0393\u03B5\u03C1\u03BC\u03B1\u03BD\u03AF\u03B1\u03C2 (\u039B\u0394\u0393)(\u03AE \u039B\u03B1\u03CA\u03BA\u03AE) (\u03B3\u03B5\u03C1\u03BC\u03B1\u03BD\u03B9\u03BA\u03AC: Deutsche Demokratische Republik, DDR), \u03B3\u03BD\u03C9\u03C3\u03C4\u03AE \u03B1\u03BD\u03B5\u03C0\u03AF\u03C3\u03B7\u03BC\u03B1 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C9\u03C2 \u0391\u03BD\u03B1\u03C4\u03BF\u03BB\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u0393\u03B5\u03C1\u03BC\u03B1\u03BD\u03AF\u03B1, \u03AE\u03C4\u03B1\u03BD \u03BA\u03BF\u03BC\u03BC\u03BF\u03C5\u03BD\u03B9\u03C3\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC \u03BA\u03C1\u03AC\u03C4\u03BF\u03C2 \u03C4\u03BF \u03BF\u03C0\u03BF\u03AF\u03BF \u03B9\u03B4\u03C1\u03CD\u03B8\u03B7\u03BA\u03B5 \u03C3\u03C4\u03B9\u03C2 7 \u039F\u03BA\u03C4\u03C9\u03B2\u03C1\u03AF\u03BF\u03C5 1949 \u03C3\u03C4\u03B7 \u03C3\u03BF\u03B2\u03B9\u03B5\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03B6\u03CE\u03BD\u03B7 \u03BA\u03B1\u03C4\u03BF\u03C7\u03AE\u03C2, \u03C3\u03C5\u03BC\u03C0\u03B5\u03C1\u03B9\u03BB\u03B1\u03BC\u03B2\u03B1\u03BD\u03BF\u03BC\u03AD\u03BD\u03BF\u03C5 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C3\u03BF\u03B2\u03B9\u03B5\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03BF\u03CD \u03C4\u03BC\u03AE\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03BF\u03C2 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u0392\u03B5\u03C1\u03BF\u03BB\u03AF\u03BD\u03BF\u03C5. \u03A3\u03C4\u03B9\u03C2 3 \u039F\u03BA\u03C4\u03C9\u03B2\u03C1\u03AF\u03BF\u03C5 1990 \u03C0\u03C1\u03BF\u03C3\u03C7\u03CE\u03C1\u03B7\u03C3\u03B5 \u03BC\u03B5 \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC\u03C6\u03B1\u03C3\u03B7 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03B1\u03BD\u03B1\u03C4\u03BF\u03BB\u03B9\u03BA\u03BF\u03B3\u03B5\u03C1\u03BC\u03B1\u03BD\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE\u03C2 \u03B2\u03BF\u03C5\u03BB\u03AE\u03C2 (\u03A6\u03BF\u03BB\u03BA\u03C3\u03BA\u03AC\u03BC\u03BC\u03B5\u03C1) \u03C3\u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u039F\u03BC\u03BF\u03C3\u03C0\u03BF\u03BD\u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03BA\u03AE \u0394\u03B7\u03BC\u03BF\u03BA\u03C1\u03B1\u03C4\u03AF\u03B1 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u0393\u03B5\u03C1\u03BC\u03B1\u03BD\u03AF\u03B1\u03C2."@el , "La Rep\u00FAblica Democr\u00E0tica Alemanya (RDA o DDR, en alemany Deutsche Demokratische Republik) va ser un estat comunista d'Europa Central que es va establir al territori alemany ocupat per la Uni\u00F3 Sovi\u00E8tica a la finalitzaci\u00F3 de la Segona Guerra Mundial, que va existir entre els anys 1949 i 1990, any en qu\u00E8 els L\u00E4nder que la formaven es van unificar amb els de la Rep\u00FAblica Federal Alemanya (RFA). Per distingir-la de l'Alemanya capitalista, la RFA, sovint va ser anomenada Alemanya Oriental, de l'Est o Alemanya Democr\u00E0tica."@ca , "Niemiecka Republika Demokratyczna (oficjalny skr\u00F3t NRD; niem. Deutsche Demokratische Republik, DDR, potocznie Niemcy Wschodnie) \u2013 istniej\u0105ce w latach 1949\u20131990 pa\u0144stwo niemieckie powsta\u0142e 7 pa\u017Adziernika 1949 roku na terenie radzieckiej strefy okupacyjnej (niem. Sowjetische Besatzungszone in Deutschland, SBZ) b\u0119d\u0105ce cz\u0119\u015Bci\u0105 bloku wschodniego. Likwidacja NRD nast\u0105pi\u0142a 3 pa\u017Adziernika 1990 roku, gdy powsta\u0142e w miejsce NRD landy przyst\u0105pi\u0142y do RFN tworz\u0105c zjednoczone Niemcy."@pl , "\u5FB7\u610F\u5FD7\u6C11\u4E3B\u5171\u548C\u570B\uFF08\u5FB7\u8A9E\uFF1ADeutsche Demokratische Republik\uFF0C\u7F29\u5199\u4F5C DDR\uFF09\uFF0C\u7B80\u79F0\u6C11\u4E3B\u5FB7\u56FD\uFF08\u6C11\u5FB7\uFF09\u6216\u6771\u5FB7\uFF08Ostdeutschland\uFF09\u662F1949\u5E74\u81F31990\u5E74\u95F4\u5B58\u5728\u7684\u4E00\u4E2A\u4E2D\u6B27\u793E\u4F1A\u4E3B\u4E49\u56FD\u5BB6\u30021949\u5E7410\u67087\u65E5\u5728\u5FB7\u56FD\u82CF\u5360\u533A\u6210\u7ACB\uFF0C\u9996\u90FD\u4E3A\u4E1C\u67CF\u6797\u3002\u6C11\u4E3B\u5FB7\u56FD\u4F4D\u4E8E\u73B0\u4ECA\u5FB7\u56FD\u7684\u4E1C\u5317\u90E8\uFF0C\u9762\u79EF\u4E3A107,771\u5E73\u65B9\u516C\u91CC\uFF0C\u4E0E\u6377\u514B\u65AF\u6D1B\u4F10\u514B\u3001\u5FB7\u610F\u5FD7\u8054\u90A6\u5171\u548C\u56FD\uFF08\u897F\u5FB7\uFF09\u3001\u6CE2\u5170\u63A5\u58E4\uFF0C\u5317\u90E8\u4E3A\u6CE2\u7F57\u7684\u6D77\u30021990\u5E7410\u67083\u65E5\u4E24\u5FB7\u7EDF\u4E00\u65F6\u4E0E\u897F\u5FB7\u5408\u4F75\u3002 \u6C11\u4E3B\u5FB7\u56FD\u6267\u653F\u515A\u662F\u5FB7\u56FD\u7EDF\u4E00\u793E\u4F1A\u515A\uFF0C\u5176\u4ED6\u653F\u515A\u7EC4\u7EC7\u901A\u8FC7\u5FB7\u56FD\u7EDF\u4E00\u793E\u4F1A\u515A\u9886\u5BFC\u7684\u201C\u6C11\u4E3B\u8054\u76DF\u201D\u548C\u201C\u5168\u56FD\u9635\u7EBF\u201D\u53C2\u4E0E\u653F\u6CBB\u6D3B\u52A8\u3002 \u90E8\u5206\u4EBA\u89C6\u5FB7\u610F\u5FD7\u6C11\u4E3B\u5171\u548C\u56FD\u70BA\u82CF\u8054\u7684\u4E00\u4E2A\u536B\u661F\u56FD\u30021948\u5E74\uFF0C\u82CF\u8054\u5360\u9886\u5F53\u5C40\u5C06\u6743\u529B\u79FB\u4EA4\u7ED9\u5FB7\u56FD\u7684\u5171\u4EA7\u515A\u9886\u5BFC\u4EBA\uFF0C\u968F\u540E\u57281949\u5E74\u6210\u7ACB\u5FB7\u610F\u5FD7\u6C11\u4E3B\u5171\u548C\u56FD\u3002\u4E1C\u5FB7\u7684\u90E8\u5206\u4EBA\u6C11\u4E0D\u8BA4\u540C\u56FD\u5BB6\u7684\u653F\u6CBB\u548C\u7ECF\u6D4E\u4F53\u5236\uFF0C\u9042\u4E8E1953\u5E74\u53D1\u751F\u4E86\u516D\u4E00\u4E03\u4E8B\u4EF6\uFF0C\u82CF\u8054\u9A7B\u5FB7\u90E8\u968A\u53C2\u4E0E\u4E86\u9547\u538B\u3002\u4E1C\u5FB7\u6210\u7ACB\u521D\u671F\u9762\u4E34\u7740\u4E25\u91CD\u7684\u4EBA\u53E3\u5916\u9003\u95EE\u9898\uFF0C\u57281950\u5E74\u4EE3\u6709270\u4E07\u4E1C\u5FB7\u5C45\u6C11\u7531\u4E8E\u653F\u6CBB\u6216\u7ECF\u6D4E\u56E0\u7D20\u975E\u6CD5\u8D8A\u5883\u5230\u897F\u5FB7\u3002\u9664\u5EFA\u7ACB\u4E24\u5FB7\u8FB9\u5883\u5916\uFF0C1961\u5E74\u4E1C\u5FB7\u653F\u5E9C\u66F4\u6CBF\u897F\u67CF\u6797\u8FB9\u5883\u4FEE\u5EFA\u4E86\u67CF\u6797\u5899\u4EE5\u963B\u6B62\u4E1C\u5FB7\u5C45\u6C11\u901A\u8FC7\u897F\u67CF\u6797\u9003\u5F80\u897F\u65B9\u3002\u56FD\u5BB6\u6559\u80B2\u673A\u6784\u88AB\u8981\u6C42\u6309\u7167\u9A6C\u5217\u4E3B\u4E49\u7684\u539F\u5219\u57F9\u517B\u793E\u4F1A\u4E3B\u4E49\u7279\u6027\u7684\u4EBA\u624D\u3002\u57281989\u5E74\u524D\uFF0C\u653F\u6CBB\u6743\u529B\u7531\u5FB7\u56FD\u7EDF\u4E00\u793E\u4F1A\u515A\u638C\u63E1\uFF0C\u5176\u5BF9\u5404\u5C97\u4F4D\u7684\u5E72\u90E8\u9009\u62D4\u653F\u7B56\u4E5F\u5177\u6709\u91CD\u8981\u7684\u5F71\u54CD\u529B\u3002"@zh , "Jerman Timur, atau nama resminya Republik Demokratis Jerman atau RDJ (bahasa Jerman: Deutsche Demokratische Republik [\u02C8d\u0254\u028Ft\u0283\u0259 demo\u02C8k\u0280a\u02D0t\u026A\u0283\u0259 \u0280epu\u02C8bli\u02D0k]), merupakan negara Blok Timur selama periode Perang Dingin. Wilayah Jerman Timur sebelumnya merupakan wilayah Jerman yang diduduki oleh pasukan Soviet setelah berakhirnya Perang Dunia II yang disebut Zona Pendudukan Soviet sesuai dengan hasil Perjanjian Potsdam, yang berbatasan langsung dengan Perbatasan Oder-Neisse di sebelah timur. Zona Soviet mengelilingi Berlin Barat, tetapi Berlin Barat bukan merupakan Zona Pendudukan Soviet; sehingga Berlin Barat tetap berada di luar yurisdiksi RDJ.Jerman Timur didirikan di Zona Soviet, sementara Jerman Barat didirikan di gabungan zona Amerika Serikat, Britania Raya, dan Prancis. Jerman Timur sering d"@in , "\u00D6sttyskland, officiellt Tyska demokratiska republiken (tyska: Deutsche Demokratische Republik, f\u00F6rkortat DDR, under tidigt 1950-tal p\u00E5 svenska \u00E4ven TDR), var en stat som existerade mellan 7 oktober 1949 och 3 oktober 1990. Den bildades ur den tidigare sovjetiska ockupationszonen av Tyskland efter andra v\u00E4rldskriget. Landet, som betecknade sig som marxist-leninistiskt, var medlem av b\u00E5de Warszawapakten och Comecon."@sv , "La Rep\u00FAblica Democr\u00E1tica Alemana\u200B (en alem\u00E1n, Deutsche Demokratische Republik; abreviado DDR o, en espa\u00F1ol, RDA) \u2014tambi\u00E9n denominada Alemania Oriental, Alemania del Este (en alem\u00E1n, Ostdeutschland, tambi\u00E9n escrito Ost-Deutschland) o Alemania Democr\u00E1tica\u200B\u2014 fue un Estado socialista que existi\u00F3 en la Europa Central durante el per\u00EDodo de la Guerra Fr\u00EDa. Fundada en 1949, en el territorio de Alemania que se encontraba bajo ocupaci\u00F3n sovi\u00E9tica tras el final de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, dej\u00F3 de existir en 1990 cuando se incorpor\u00F3 a la Rep\u00FAblica Federal de Alemania (RFA) tras el proceso denominado \u00ABreunificaci\u00F3n alemana\u00BB.\u200B"@es , "\uB3C5\uC77C \uBBFC\uC8FC\uACF5\uD654\uAD6D(\uB3C5\uC77C\uC5B4: Deutsche Demokratische Republik \uB3C4\uC774\uCCB4 \uB370\uBAA8\uD06C\uB77C\uD2F0\uC170 \uB9AC\uD478\uBE14\uB9AC\uD06C[*], \uBB38\uD654\uC5B4: \uB3C5\uC77C\uBBFC\uC8FC\uC8FC\uC758\uACF5\uD654\uAD6D) \uB610\uB294 \uB3D9\uB3C5(\uB3C5\uC77C\uC5B4: Ostdeutschland \uC624\uC2A4\uD2B8\uB3C4\uC774\uCE60\uB780\uD2B8[*])\uC740 \uC11C\uB3C5\uACFC\uC758 \uC7AC\uD1B5\uC77C\uC774 \uC774\uB8E8\uC5B4\uC9C0\uAE30 \uC804\uC758 \uB3C5\uC77C \uB3D9\uBD80\uC9C0\uC5ED \uC704\uCE58\uD588\uB358 \uC0AC\uD68C\uC8FC\uC758 \uAD6D\uAC00\uC600\uB2E4. \uB3D9\uB3C5\uC740 1949\uB144 10\uC6D4 7\uC77C\uBD80\uD130 1990\uB144 10\uC6D4 3\uC77C\uAE4C\uC9C0 \uC874\uC18D\uD588\uB2E4. \uD3EC\uCE20\uB2F4 \uD68C\uB2F4\uC5D0 \uC758\uD558\uC5EC \uBBF8\uAD6D, \uC601\uAD6D, \uD504\uB791\uC2A4\uAD70\uC774 \uBCA0\uB97C\uB9B0 \uC11C\uBD80\uC9C0\uAD6C\uB97C \uC7A5\uC545\uD588\uC73C\uBA70 \uC18C\uB828\uAD70\uC740 \uB3D9\uBD80\uC9C0\uAD6C\uB97C \uC7A5\uC545\uD588\uB2E4. \uC774\uC5D0 \uC11C\uBCA0\uB97C\uB9B0\uC740 \uACE0\uB9BD\uB41C \uC721\uC9C0\uC18D \uC12C\uC774 \uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uB3D9\uB3C5\uC740 \uBC14\uB974\uC0E4\uBC14 \uC870\uC57D \uAE30\uAD6C\uC758 \uC77C\uC6D0\uC774\uC5C8\uACE0 \uC18C\uBE44\uC5D0\uD2B8 \uC5F0\uBC29\uC758 \uC704\uC131\uAD6D\uAC00\uAC00 \uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uD55C\uD3B8, \uB3D9\uB3C5\uC740 \uC0AC\uD68C\uC8FC\uC758 \uAD6D\uAC00\uB4E4 \uC911\uC5D0\uC11C \uCCB4\uCF54\uC2AC\uB85C\uBC14\uD0A4\uC544\uC640 \uB354\uBD88\uC5B4 1\uC778\uB2F9 GNP\uAC00 \uAC00\uC7A5 \uB192\uACE0 \uC815\uCE58\uC5D0 \uB300\uD55C \uBE44\uD310\uB3C4 \uC5B4\uB290 \uC815\uB3C4 \uD5C8\uC6A9\uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4."@ko , "La Germana Demokratia Respubliko (GDR, germane Deutsche Demokratische Republik), anka\u016D nomita Orienta Germanio, de 1949 \u011Dis 1990 estis \u015Dtato en centra E\u016Dropo. \u011Ci ekzistis samtempe kun la Federacia Respubliko Germanio, kiu konati\u011Dis kiel Okcidenta Germanio. Amba\u016D germanaj \u015Dtatoj krei\u011Dis post la Dua Mondmilito, en kiu la Nazia Germanio estis malvenkinta. La alianco kontra\u016D la nazioj, kiu konsistis el Britio, Usono kaj Francio en okcidento kaj Sovetunio en oriento, post la milito disfalis en la okcidentajn, demokratiajn aliancitojn kaj la komunisma Sovetunio."@eo , "Rep\u00FAblica Democr\u00E1tica Alem\u00E3 (RDA; em alem\u00E3o: Deutsche Demokratische Republik), comumente chamada de Alemanha Oriental, foi um Estado que existiu entre 1949 e 1990, per\u00EDodo em que a parte oriental da Alemanha fazia parte do Bloco Oriental durante a Guerra Fria. Comumente descrito como um Estado comunista, o pa\u00EDs descrevia-se como um \"Estado socialista dos trabalhadores e camponeses\". Consistia em territ\u00F3rio administrado e ocupado por for\u00E7as sovi\u00E9ticas ap\u00F3s o final da Segunda Guerra Mundial \u2014 a zona de ocupa\u00E7\u00E3o sovi\u00E9tica do Acordo de Potsdam, delimitada a leste pela linha Oder-Neisse. A zona sovi\u00E9tica cercou Berlim Ocidental, mas n\u00E3o a incluiu; como resultado, ela permaneceu fora da jurisdi\u00E7\u00E3o da RDA."@pt , "Die Deutsche Demokratische Republik (DDR) war ein Staat, der vom 7. Oktober 1949 bis zur Herstellung der Einheit Deutschlands am 3. Oktober 1990 bestand. Die DDR entstand aus der Teilung Deutschlands nach 1945, nachdem die Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands (SED) auf Betreiben der sowjetischen Besatzungsmacht ein diktatorisches Regime errichtet hatte, das bis zur friedlichen Revolution im Herbst 1989 existierte. Offizielle Staatsideologie war der Marxismus-Leninismus. In der zeitgeschichtlichen Forschung wird das Herrschaftssystem in der DDR mal als realsozialistisch, mal als kommunistisch bezeichnet. Die Machthaber nannten die DDR einen \u201Esozialistischen Staat der Arbeiter und Bauern\u201C und deutschen Friedensstaat, und behaupteten, die DDR habe die Wurzeln f\u00FCr Krieg und Faschismus be"@de , "\u041D\u0456\u043C\u0435\u0301\u0446\u044C\u043A\u0430 \u0414\u0435\u043C\u043E\u043A\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0301\u0447\u043D\u0430 \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043F\u0443\u0301\u0431\u043B\u0456\u043A\u0430 (\u043D\u0456\u043C. Deutsche Demokratische Republik [\u02C8d\u0254\u028Ft\u0283\u0259 demo\u02C8k\u0281a\u02D0t\u026A\u0283\u0259 \u0281epu\u02C8bli\u02D0k], DDR), \u0430\u0431\u043E \u0421\u0445\u0456\u0301\u0434\u043D\u0430 \u041D\u0456\u043C\u0435\u0301\u0447\u0447\u0438\u043D\u0430 (\u043D\u0456\u043C. Ostdeutschland) \u2014 \u0441\u043E\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043B\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0430 \u043D\u0456\u043C\u0435\u0446\u044C\u043A\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0430, \u0443\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0435\u043D\u0430 7 \u0436\u043E\u0432\u0442\u043D\u044F 1949 \u0440\u043E\u043A\u0443 \u043D\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0456\u0457, \u043F\u0456\u0434\u043A\u043E\u043D\u0442\u0440\u043E\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0456\u0439 \u0421\u0420\u0421\u0420 (\u0437\u043E\u043A\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0430, \u0440\u0430\u0434\u044F\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u043A\u0442\u043E\u0440 \u0411\u0435\u0440\u043B\u0456\u043D\u0430). \u041F\u0440\u043E\u0456\u0441\u043D\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0430 \u0434\u043E \u0412\u043E\u0437\u0437'\u0454\u0434\u043D\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F \u041D\u0456\u043C\u0435\u0447\u0447\u0438\u043D\u0438 3 \u0436\u043E\u0432\u0442\u043D\u044F 1990 \u0440\u043E\u043A\u0443."@uk ; rdfs:seeAlso dbr:Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Berlin , dbr:Germany , dbr:Jazz . @prefix foaf: . dbr:East_Germany foaf:name "East Germany"@en , "German Democratic Republic"@en . @prefix skos: . @prefix ns11: . dbr:East_Germany skos:exactMatch ns11:i82955 ; foaf:depiction , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , . @prefix dcterms: . @prefix dbc: . dbr:East_Germany dcterms:subject dbc:Former_member_states_of_the_United_Nations , dbc:Eastern_Bloc , dbc:Ostalgie , dbc:Soviet_satellite_states , , dbc:Former_socialist_republics , dbc:Totalitarian_states , dbc:Atheist_states , dbc:States_and_territories_disestablished_in_1990 , , dbc:East_Germany , dbc:Former_countries_in_Europe , dbc:Communist_states , dbc:Communism_in_Germany , dbc:States_and_territories_established_in_1949 ; dbo:wikiPageID 13058 ; dbo:wikiPageRevisionID 1124587075 ; dbo:wikiPageWikiLink dbr:Ulrich_Pfeil , 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dbr:Warsaw_Pact , dbc:Ostalgie , dbr:Western_Bloc , dbr:Palestine_Liberation_Organization , dbr:Middle_Germany , dbr:Evangelical_Church_of_Anhalt , , dbr:Bertolt_Brecht , dbr:IOC , dbr:Puhdys , , , , dbr:General_strike , dbr:Jena , dbr:Bundestag , dbr:The_Holocaust , , dbr:Russia , dbr:Statistisches_Bundesamt , dbr:Mary_Fulbrook , dbr:Easter_Monday , dbr:FRELIMO , dbr:Transportpolizei , dbr:Anabolic_steroid , dbr:Florian_Henckel_von_Donnersmarck , dbr:France , dbr:Camera , , , dbr:Oder-Neisse_line , dbr:Machiavelli , dbr:Neues_Deutschland , dbr:Peter_Sodann , , dbr:Puppet_state , dbr:Aktuelle_Kamera , dbr:Ice_skating , dbr:Gera , , dbr:General_Secretary_of_the_Socialist_Unity_Party_of_Germany , dbr:Kurt_Masur , dbr:Friedrich_Engels_Guard_Regiment , dbr:Wehrmacht , dbr:Matthias_Sammer , dbr:Volkspolizei , dbr:Evgeny_Schwartz , , dbr:Equestrian_statue_of_Frederick_the_Great , dbr:Ulf_Kirsten , , dbr:Superpower_disengagement , dbr:Heiner_Carow , dbr:Russian_language , dbr:Budapest , 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dbr:Magdeburg , , dbr:Olsen-banden , dbr:Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_Thuringia , , dbr:The_Book_Collector , , dbr:Legal_fiction , dbr:Manfred_Stolpe , dbr:Captive_Nations , dbr:The_Legend_of_Paul_and_Paula , dbr:Heimat , dbr:One-party_state , dbr:Leonid_Brezhnev , dbr:Lower_Silesia , dbr:Marxist-Leninist_atheism , dbr:Nationalization , , dbr:East_German_Administrative_Reform_of_1952 , dbr:Collective , dbr:Scouting , dbr:Socialist , dbr:Autobahnpolizei , dbr:Comecon , dbr:Deutsche_Post_der_DDR , , , dbr:Zwickau , dbr:Deutsche_Post_of_the_GDR , dbr:Socialism , dbr:Unsere_Heimat , dbr:Liberal_Democratic_Party_of_Germany , dbr:Deindustrialization , dbr:Privatization , dbr:Military_occupation , , dbr:Theater_am_Schiffbauerdamm , , dbr:Evangelical_Church_in_Germany , , dbr:Total_fertility_rate , dbc:Former_socialist_republics , , dbr:State_of_Palestine , , dbr:Brothers_Grimm , dbr:Karl-Marx-Stadt , dbr:Dictatorship , dbr:Willy_Brandt , dbr:Buchenwald_Resistance , dbr:Western_Germany , dbr:Good_Friday , dbr:Anklam , dbr:Israel , , , dbr:Johann_Sebastian_Bach , , dbr:Antisemitism , dbr:Christmas , dbr:Beat_Street , , dbr:Tamara_Danz , dbr:Dean_Reed , dbr:Maxim-Gorki-Theater , dbr:Carl_Schmitt , , , , dbr:Communist_Party_of_Germany , dbr:Chemnitz , dbr:Manchester_University_Press , dbr:Neues_Forum , dbr:Ernst_Degner , dbr:Radio_Berlin_International , , dbr:Trabant , , dbr:Landmine , dbr:Academy_Award . @prefix ns14: . dbr:East_Germany dbo:wikiPageWikiLink ns14:LV , , , dbr:Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia , dbr:Arab_bloc , , , dbr:Association_football , dbr:Benno_Besson , dbr:Schlager_music , dbr:Neues_Theater , dbr:Feeling_B , dbr:Otto_von_Habsburg , dbr:Josef_Mach , dbr:Erich_Honecker , dbr:Hallstein_Doctrine , dbr:Die_Skeptiker , dbr:Paul_Dessau , dbr:Evangelical_Church_of_Silesia , dbr:Wilhelm_Pieck , dbr:Catholic_Church , , , dbc:Totalitarian_states , dbr:Easter_Sunday , dbr:Coffee , dbr:Coordinated_Universal_Time , dbr:Kampfgruppen_der_Arbeiterklasse , , 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dbr:Federation_of_the_Reformed_Churches_in_the_German_Democratic_Republic , dbr:Main_Administration_Sea_Police , dbr:Escape_attempts_and_victims_of_the_inner_German_border , dbr:Long-distance_call , dbr:Auschwitz_concentration_camp , dbr:German_language , , dbr:Erfurt , , dbr:Directed-energy_weapon , dbr:Prussian_aristocracy , dbr:Socialist_Unity_Party_of_Germany , dbr:Otto_Grotewohl , dbr:Ekkehard_Schall , dbr:Paneuropean_Union , dbr:Society_for_German-Soviet_Friendship , dbr:The_Beatles , dbr:Socialist_state , , dbr:East_Berlin , dbr:Lutheran , dbr:Ostalgie , dbr:Soviet_Union , , dbr:Udo_Lindenberg , , dbr:Command_economy , dbc:Former_countries_in_Europe , , dbr:Solo_Sunny , , dbr:Saxony , dbr:Vanguard_party , dbr:Saxony-Anhalt , , dbr:Doping_in_East_Germany , , dbc:Communist_states , dbr:Freiwilliger_Helfer_der_Volkspolizei , , dbr:Christian_Democratic_Union_of_Germany , dbr:Guard_Regiment_Hugo_Eberlein , dbr:Soviet_Border_Troops , dbr:Suhl , 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, dbr:Moravian_Church , dbr:Berlin_Wall , ; dbo:wikiPageExternalLink , , , , , , , , , , , , . @prefix ns17: . dbr:East_Germany dbo:wikiPageExternalLink ns17:germany-s-cold-war-the-global-campaign-to-isolate . @prefix ns18: . dbr:East_Germany dbo:wikiPageExternalLink ns18:O8BABAKB , , , , , , , , , , , , . @prefix ns19: . dbr:East_Germany dbo:wikiPageExternalLink ns19:n1 , ; owl:sameAs , , , , . @prefix ns20: . dbr:East_Germany owl:sameAs ns20:fTSx , . @prefix dbpedia-sq: . dbr:East_Germany owl:sameAs dbpedia-sq:Gjermania_Lindore , . @prefix yago-res: . dbr:East_Germany owl:sameAs yago-res:East_Germany . @prefix dbpedia-commons: . dbr:East_Germany owl:sameAs dbpedia-commons:German_Democratic_Republic . @prefix dbpedia-bar: . dbr:East_Germany owl:sameAs dbpedia-bar:Deitsche_Demokratische_Republik , , . @prefix dbpedia-pl: . dbr:East_Germany owl:sameAs dbpedia-pl:Niemiecka_Republika_Demokratyczna . @prefix dbpedia-an: . dbr:East_Germany owl:sameAs dbpedia-an:Republica_Democratica_Alemana , , . @prefix ns27: . dbr:East_Germany owl:sameAs ns27:Germaniya_Demokratik_Respublikasi . @prefix dbpedia-br: . dbr:East_Germany owl:sameAs dbpedia-br:Republik_Demokratel_Alamagn . @prefix dbpedia-oc: . dbr:East_Germany owl:sameAs dbpedia-oc:Republica_Democratica_Alemanda . @prefix dbpedia-ms: . dbr:East_Germany owl:sameAs dbpedia-ms:Jerman_Timur , . @prefix dbpedia-id: . dbr:East_Germany owl:sameAs dbpedia-id:Jerman_Timur . @prefix dbpedia-sw: . dbr:East_Germany owl:sameAs dbpedia-sw:Jamhuri_ya_Kidemokrasia_ya_Kijerumani , . @prefix dbpedia-la: . dbr:East_Germany owl:sameAs dbpedia-la:Res_publica_democratica_Germanica , , , , , , , , , . @prefix ns34: . dbr:East_Germany owl:sameAs ns34:d907b0ac-2956-386f-a246-62d55779aae1 , , . @prefix dbpedia-nl: . dbr:East_Germany owl:sameAs dbpedia-nl:Duitse_Democratische_Republiek , , , , . @prefix dbpedia-io: . dbr:East_Germany owl:sameAs dbpedia-io:Estal_Germania , , , . @prefix dbpedia-da: . dbr:East_Germany owl:sameAs dbpedia-da:DDR , , . @prefix dbpedia-cy: . dbr:East_Germany owl:sameAs dbpedia-cy:Gweriniaeth_Ddemocrataidd_yr_Almaen . @prefix dbpedia-no: . dbr:East_Germany owl:sameAs dbpedia-no:Den_tyske_demokratiske_republikk , , wikidata:Q16957 , . @prefix ns40: . dbr:East_Germany owl:sameAs ns40:Silangang_Alemanya , , , , , , , . @prefix ns41: . dbr:East_Germany owl:sameAs ns41:East_Germany , , , , . @prefix ns42: . dbr:East_Germany owl:sameAs ns42:Aliman_Dimukratiku_Republika , . @prefix ns43: . dbr:East_Germany owl:sameAs ns43:Republica_Democratic_German , , , , , . @prefix dbpedia-simple: . dbr:East_Germany owl:sameAs dbpedia-simple:East_Germany . @prefix ns45: . dbr:East_Germany owl:sameAs ns45:ddr . @prefix dbpedia-fi: . dbr:East_Germany owl:sameAs dbpedia-fi:Saksan_demokraattinen_tasavalta . @prefix dbpedia-pt: . dbr:East_Germany owl:sameAs dbpedia-pt:Alemanha_Oriental , , , , , , , , , . @prefix dbpedia-it: . dbr:East_Germany owl:sameAs dbpedia-it:Repubblica_Democratica_Tedesca , , . @prefix dbpedia-et: . dbr:East_Germany owl:sameAs dbpedia-et:Saksa_Demokraatlik_Vabariik , . @prefix ns50: . dbr:East_Germany owl:sameAs ns50:East_Alemanya , , , . @prefix dbpedia-nn: . dbr:East_Germany owl:sameAs dbpedia-nn:Den_tyske_demokratiske_republikken . @prefix dbpedia-eo: . dbr:East_Germany owl:sameAs dbpedia-eo:Germana_Demokratia_Respubliko . @prefix dbpedia-eu: . dbr:East_Germany owl:sameAs dbpedia-eu:Alemaniako_Errepublika_Demokratikoa , , , , . @prefix dbpedia-de: . dbr:East_Germany owl:sameAs dbpedia-de:Deutsche_Demokratische_Republik . @prefix dbpedia-af: . dbr:East_Germany owl:sameAs dbpedia-af:Duitse_Demokratiese_Republiek . @prefix ns56: . dbr:East_Germany owl:sameAs ns56:Almagne_do_Levant , , , , , , , . @prefix ns57: . dbr:East_Germany owl:sameAs ns57:Duitse_Democratische_Rippubliek . @prefix dbpedia-war: . dbr:East_Germany owl:sameAs dbpedia-war:Sinirangan_Alemanya , , , . @prefix dbpedia-lmo: . dbr:East_Germany owl:sameAs dbpedia-lmo:Republega_Democratega_Todesca , , , . @prefix dbpedia-als: . dbr:East_Germany owl:sameAs dbpedia-als:Deutsche_Demokratische_Republik . @prefix ns61: . dbr:East_Germany owl:sameAs ns61:Mx4rvViiOpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA , . @prefix dbp: . dbr:East_Germany dbp:statPop 18388000 , 17068000 , 16111000 ; dbp:statYear 1970 , 1950 , 1990 ; dbp:symbolType ""@en , dbr:National_emblem_of_East_Germany ; dbp:titleDeputy dbr:Heads_of_Government_of_East_Germany , ""@en ; dbp:titleLeader dbr:General_Secretary_of_the_Socialist_Unity_Party_of_Germany ; dbp:titleRepresentative dbr:Heads_of_State_of_East_Germany ; dbp:today dbr:Germany ; dbp:typeHouse dbr:Upper_house ; dbp:yearDeputy 1949 , 1990 ; dbp:yearEnd 1990 ; dbp:yearLeader 1989 , 1971 , 1946 , 1950 ; dbp:yearRepresentative 1990 , 1949 ; dbp:yearStart 1949 . @prefix dbt: . dbr:East_Germany dbp:wikiPageUsesTemplate dbt:Reflist , dbt:Redirect , dbt:Socialist_states , dbt:Further , dbt:Eastern_Bloc , dbt:Nobold , dbt:Gallery , dbt:Center , dbt:Communist_Eastern_Europe , dbt:Citation_needed , dbt:Webarchive , dbt:Clarify , dbt:Portal_bar , dbt:Cite_journal , dbt:Cite_book , dbt:Wikiquote , dbt:Blockquote , dbt:Who , dbt:Short_description , dbt:Which , dbt:Bar_percent , dbt:When , dbt:Sfn , dbt:Snd , dbt:About , dbt:Small , dbt:Infobox_former_country , dbt:Stack , dbt:In_lang , dbt:Ill , dbt:Page_needed , dbt:History_of_Germany , dbt:Authority_control , dbt:Rp , dbt:Use_dmy_dates , dbt:Div_col , dbt:Div_col_end , dbt:S-ttl , dbt:S-start , dbt:Qn , dbt:Main , dbt:S-aft , dbt:S-end , dbt:S-bef , dbt:Historical_populations , dbt:Bar_box , dbt:Eastern_Bloc_sidebar , dbt:Efn , dbt:See_also , dbt:Commons_category , dbt:Bezirke_DDR , dbt:ISBN , dbt:IPA-de , dbt:Notelist , ; dbo:thumbnail ; dbp:commonName "East Germany"@en . @prefix xsd: . dbr:East_Germany dbp:dateEnd "--10-03"^^xsd:gMonthDay ; dbp:dateStart "--10-07"^^xsd:gMonthDay ; dbp:deputy dbr:Otto_Grotewohl , ; dbp:left "Religion"@en ; dbp:date "2007-09-28"^^xsd:date , "2013-01-02"^^xsd:date , "January 2020"@en , "2010-04-08"^^xsd:date ; dbp:era "Cold War"@en ; dbp:event ""@en , dbr:Treaty_on_the_Final_Settlement_with_Respect_to_Germany , dbr:Warsaw_Pact , dbr:Fall_of_the_Berlin_Wall , dbr:Uprising_of_1953_in_East_Germany , "Admitted to the UN"@en , dbr:Berlin_Crisis_of_1961 , "Basic Treaty with the FRG"@en , dbr:Peaceful_Revolution ; dbp:float "right"@en ; dbp:footnotes "The initial flag of East Germany adopted in 1949 was identical to that of West Germany. In 1959, the East German government issued a new version of the flag bearing the national emblem, serving to distinguish East from West."@en ; dbp:governmentType dbr:Unitary_state , ""@en , , dbr:Socialist_state , dbr:Parliamentary_republic , dbr:One-party_state , dbr:Republic , dbr:Federal_republic ; dbp:house "--12-08"^^xsd:gMonthDay ; dbp:imageFlag "Flag of East Germany.svg"@en ; dbp:imageMap "East Germany 1956-1990.svg"@en ; dbp:leader "Wilhelm Pieck and Otto Grotewohl"@en , dbr:Egon_Krenz , dbr:Erich_Honecker , dbr:Walter_Ulbricht ; dbp:legislature ""@en ; dbp:nativeName ""@en ; dbp:p "Soviet occupation zone of Germany"@en ; dbp:populationDensityKm 149 ; dbp:reason "I don't understand the transition between the previous paragraph and this one."@en ; dbp:religion "''See [[#Religion"@en ; dbp:s "GermanyFederal Republic of Germany"@en ; dbp:status "Member of the Warsaw Pact"@en , "Member of Comecon"@en ; dbp:title "Religion in East Germany, 1989"@en , "That was the GDR"@en , 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, "\uB3C5\uC77C \uBBFC\uC8FC\uACF5\uD654\uAD6D(\uB3C5\uC77C\uC5B4: Deutsche Demokratische Republik \uB3C4\uC774\uCCB4 \uB370\uBAA8\uD06C\uB77C\uD2F0\uC170 \uB9AC\uD478\uBE14\uB9AC\uD06C[*], \uBB38\uD654\uC5B4: \uB3C5\uC77C\uBBFC\uC8FC\uC8FC\uC758\uACF5\uD654\uAD6D) \uB610\uB294 \uB3D9\uB3C5(\uB3C5\uC77C\uC5B4: Ostdeutschland \uC624\uC2A4\uD2B8\uB3C4\uC774\uCE60\uB780\uD2B8[*])\uC740 \uC11C\uB3C5\uACFC\uC758 \uC7AC\uD1B5\uC77C\uC774 \uC774\uB8E8\uC5B4\uC9C0\uAE30 \uC804\uC758 \uB3C5\uC77C \uB3D9\uBD80\uC9C0\uC5ED \uC704\uCE58\uD588\uB358 \uC0AC\uD68C\uC8FC\uC758 \uAD6D\uAC00\uC600\uB2E4. \uB3D9\uB3C5\uC740 1949\uB144 10\uC6D4 7\uC77C\uBD80\uD130 1990\uB144 10\uC6D4 3\uC77C\uAE4C\uC9C0 \uC874\uC18D\uD588\uB2E4. \uD3EC\uCE20\uB2F4 \uD68C\uB2F4\uC5D0 \uC758\uD558\uC5EC \uBBF8\uAD6D, \uC601\uAD6D, \uD504\uB791\uC2A4\uAD70\uC774 \uBCA0\uB97C\uB9B0 \uC11C\uBD80\uC9C0\uAD6C\uB97C \uC7A5\uC545\uD588\uC73C\uBA70 \uC18C\uB828\uAD70\uC740 \uB3D9\uBD80\uC9C0\uAD6C\uB97C \uC7A5\uC545\uD588\uB2E4. 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Ostdeutschland) \u2014 \u0441\u043E\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043B\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0430 \u043D\u0456\u043C\u0435\u0446\u044C\u043A\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0430, \u0443\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0435\u043D\u0430 7 \u0436\u043E\u0432\u0442\u043D\u044F 1949 \u0440\u043E\u043A\u0443 \u043D\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0456\u0457, \u043F\u0456\u0434\u043A\u043E\u043D\u0442\u0440\u043E\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0456\u0439 \u0421\u0420\u0421\u0420 (\u0437\u043E\u043A\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0430, \u0440\u0430\u0434\u044F\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u043A\u0442\u043E\u0440 \u0411\u0435\u0440\u043B\u0456\u043D\u0430). \u041F\u0440\u043E\u0456\u0441\u043D\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0430 \u0434\u043E \u0412\u043E\u0437\u0437'\u0454\u0434\u043D\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F \u041D\u0456\u043C\u0435\u0447\u0447\u0438\u043D\u0438 3 \u0436\u043E\u0432\u0442\u043D\u044F 1990 \u0440\u043E\u043A\u0443."@uk , "N\u011Bmeck\u00E1 demokratick\u00E1 republika (NDR, v n\u011Bmecky mluv\u00EDc\u00EDch zem\u00EDch i jinde b\u011B\u017En\u011B DDR, zkratka pro Deutsche Demokratische Republik, angl. zkratkou GDR), t\u00E9\u017E (nep\u0159esn\u011B) zvan\u00E1 \u201EV\u00FDchodn\u00ED N\u011Bmecko\u201C, byl st\u0159edoevropsk\u00FD st\u00E1t, kter\u00FD existoval mezi lety 1949 a\u017E 1990 v obdob\u00ED b\u011Bhem studen\u00E9 v\u00E1lky, kdy byla v\u00FDchodn\u00ED \u010D\u00E1st N\u011Bmecka sou\u010D\u00E1st\u00ED v\u00FDchodn\u00EDho bloku. Oby\u010Dejn\u011B byl na z\u00E1pad\u011B popisovan\u00FD jako komunistick\u00FD st\u00E1t, ale s\u00E1m sebe naz\u00FDval jako socialistick\u00FD \u201Cd\u011Blnick\u00FD a rolnick\u00FD st\u00E1t\u201D. Skl\u00E1dal se z \u00FAzem\u00ED, kter\u00E9 bylo po druh\u00E9 sv\u011Btov\u00E9 v\u00E1lce obsazeno a spravov\u00E1no sov\u011Btsk\u00FDmi silami, tedy sov\u011Btsk\u00E9 okupa\u010Dn\u00ED z\u00F3ny N\u011Bmecka a fakticky i v\u00FDchodn\u00EDho sektoru Berl\u00EDna dle postupimsk\u00E9 dohody, na v\u00FDchod\u011B ohrani\u010Den lini\u00ED Odra-Nisa. Sov\u011Btsk\u00E1 z\u00F3na obklopovala Z\u00E1padn\u00ED Berl\u00EDn, ale nezahrnovala jej; v d\u016Fsledku toho z\u016Fstal Z\u00E1padn\u00ED Berl\u00EDn mimo jurisdikci NDR a tvo\u0159il v n\u011Bm nez\u00E1vislou enkl\u00E1vu. N\u011Bmeck\u00E1 demokratick\u00E1 republika byla zalo\u017Eena v sov\u011Btsk\u00E9 z\u00F3n\u011B, zat\u00EDmco Spolkov\u00E1 republika (\u201EZ\u00E1padn\u00ED N\u011Bmecko\u201C) byla slo\u017Eena ze t\u0159\u00ED z\u00E1padn\u00EDch z\u00F3n (p\u016Fv. tzv. Triz\u00F3nie). V\u00FDchodn\u00ED N\u011Bmecko bylo satelitn\u00EDm st\u00E1tem Sov\u011Btsk\u00E9ho svazu. Sov\u011Btsk\u00E9 okupa\u010Dn\u00ED \u00FA\u0159ady za\u010Daly p\u0159ev\u00E1d\u011Bt spr\u00E1vn\u00ED odpov\u011Bdnost na n\u011Bmeck\u00E9 komunistick\u00E9 v\u016Fdce v roce 1948 a NDR za\u010Dala fungovat jako st\u00E1t 7. \u0159\u00EDjna 1949. Sov\u011Btsk\u00E9 s\u00EDly v\u0161ak v zemi z\u016Fstaly po celou dobu studen\u00E9 v\u00E1lky. A\u017E do roku 1989 byla NDR \u0159\u00EDzena Socialistickou jednotnou stranou (SED), i kdy\u017E dal\u0161\u00ED strany byly form\u00E1ln\u00ED sou\u010D\u00E1st\u00ED jej\u00ED alian\u010Dn\u00ED organizace, N\u00E1rodn\u00ED fronty. SED zavedla na \u0161kol\u00E1ch povinnou v\u00FDuku marxismu-leninismu a ru\u0161tiny. Ekonomika byla centr\u00E1ln\u011B pl\u00E1nov\u00E1na a st\u00E1le v\u00EDce ve vlastnictv\u00ED st\u00E1tu. Ceny bydlen\u00ED, z\u00E1kladn\u00EDho zbo\u017E\u00ED a slu\u017Eeb byly stanoveny sp\u00ED\u0161e pl\u00E1nova\u010Di \u00FAst\u0159edn\u00ED vl\u00E1dy, ne\u017E aby rostly a klesaly prost\u0159ednictv\u00EDm nab\u00EDdky a popt\u00E1vky; a byly siln\u011B dotov\u00E1ny. P\u0159es tento fakt a p\u0159esto, \u017Ee NDR musela Sov\u011Btsk\u00E9mu svazu platit zna\u010Dn\u00E9 v\u00E1le\u010Dn\u00E9 reparace, stala se d\u00EDky sv\u00E9 siln\u00E9 pr\u016Fmyslov\u00E9 tradici (\u0161lo o vysp\u011Bl\u00E1 \u00FAzem\u00ED n\u011Bkdej\u0161\u00EDho Pruska a Saska) nej\u00FAsp\u011B\u0161n\u011Bj\u0161\u00ED ekonomikou ve v\u00FDchodn\u00EDm bloku. V\u00FDznamn\u00FDm probl\u00E9mem byla emigrace na Z\u00E1pad \u2013 proto\u017Ee mnoho emigrant\u016F byli vzd\u011Blan\u00ED mlad\u00ED lid\u00E9, st\u00E1t byl d\u00E1le ekonomicky oslabov\u00E1n. Vl\u00E1da opevnila z\u00E1padn\u00ED hranice a v roce 1961 postavila Berl\u00EDnskou ze\u010F. Mnoho lid\u00ED, kte\u0159\u00ED se pokusili uprchnout, bylo zabito pohrani\u010Dn\u00ED str\u00E1\u017E\u00ED nebo n\u00E1stra\u017En\u00FDmi pastmi jako n\u00E1\u0161lapn\u00E9 miny. Mnoho dal\u0161\u00EDch str\u00E1vilo velk\u00E9 mno\u017Estv\u00ED \u010Dasu uv\u011Bzn\u011Bn\u00EDm za pokus o \u00FAt\u011Bk. V roce 1989 vedly \u010Detn\u00E9 soci\u00E1ln\u00ED, ekonomick\u00E9 a politick\u00E9 s\u00EDly v NDR a v zahrani\u010D\u00ED k p\u00E1du berl\u00EDnsk\u00E9 zdi a k vytvo\u0159en\u00ED vl\u00E1dy odhodlan\u00E9 k liberalizaci. N\u00E1sleduj\u00EDc\u00ED rok se konaly svobodn\u00E9 volby a mezin\u00E1rodn\u00ED jedn\u00E1n\u00ED vedla k podpisu smlouvy o kone\u010Dn\u00E9m urovn\u00E1n\u00ED o postaven\u00ED a hranic\u00EDch N\u011Bmecka. NDR byla rozpu\u0161t\u011Bna a N\u011Bmecko bylo 3. \u0159\u00EDjna 1990 znovusjednoceno a op\u011Bt se stalo pln\u011B suver\u00E9nn\u00EDm st\u00E1tem. N\u011Bkolik v\u016Fdc\u016F NDR, v\u010Detn\u011B posledn\u00EDho v\u016Fdce Egona Krenze, bylo po slou\u010Den\u00ED st\u00EDh\u00E1no za zlo\u010Diny sp\u00E1chan\u00E9 b\u011Bhem studen\u00E9 v\u00E1lky. Geograficky N\u011Bmeck\u00E1 demokratick\u00E1 republika hrani\u010Dila na v\u00FDchod\u011B s Polskem, na jihov\u00FDchod\u011B s \u010Ceskoslovenskem a na z\u00E1pad\u011B a jihoz\u00E1pad\u011B se Spolkovou republikou N\u011Bmecko. Ze severu ji om\u00FDvalo Baltsk\u00E9 mo\u0159e. Intern\u011B NDR tak\u00E9 hrani\u010Dila se sov\u011Btsk\u00FDm sektorem obsazen\u00E9ho Berl\u00EDna, kter\u00FD byl zn\u00E1m\u00FD jako v\u00FDchodn\u00ED Berl\u00EDn a byl de facto hlavn\u00EDm m\u011Bstem. Rovn\u011B\u017E hrani\u010Dila se t\u0159emi sektory okupovan\u00FDmi Spojen\u00FDmi st\u00E1ty, Spojen\u00FDm kr\u00E1lovstv\u00EDm a Franci\u00ED zn\u00E1m\u00FDmi jako Z\u00E1padn\u00ED Berl\u00EDn. T\u0159i sektory okupovan\u00E9 z\u00E1padn\u00EDmi n\u00E1rody byly od NDR odd\u011Bleny berl\u00EDnskou zd\u00ED od jej\u00EDho dokon\u010Den\u00ED v roce 1961 a\u017E do jej\u00EDho p\u00E1du v roce 1989."@cs , "De Duitse Democratische Republiek (Duits: Deutsche Demokratische Republik, DDR), ook wel Oost-Duitsland genoemd, was een communistisch land in Europa. Het land ontstond in 1949 in het door de Sovjet-Unie bezette deel van het verslagen Duitsland. Officieel bestond de DDR van 7 oktober 1949 tot 3 oktober 1990, de dag van de Duitse hereniging. Die dag werden de DDR en de Bondsrepubliek Duitsland tot \u00E9\u00E9n land, het tegenwoordige Duitsland, herenigd. De oude deelstaten die in 1952 waren afgeschaft werden hersteld. Voor de Sovjet-Unie, die dit gebied in 1944/1945 als bezettingszone kreeg toegewezen, was de DDR strategisch belangrijk. Een volksopstand in 1953, waarbij West-Berlijn niet louter neutraal toekeek, werd door Sovjettroepen neergeslagen. Dit ontmoedigde nieuwe pogingen tot verzet. Vanaf de tweede helft van de jaren zeventig tot de vreedzame revolutie in najaar 1989 bestond een ondergrondse oppositie. In de DDR was grondwettelijk bepaald dat de Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands SED, de communistische partij, de feitelijke machthebber was en niet de formele staatsorganen, zoals de regering. Oppositieleden werden door de Stasi gevolgd en vaak ook vervolgd. In de praktijk fungeerde Oost-Berlijn als hoofdstad van de DDR. Vanaf 1976 golden de wetten van de DDR onverkort ook voor Oost-Berlijn. Volkenrechtelijk gezien was Berlijn, Oost en West, een stad die onder het gemeenschappelijk bestuur van de vier bezettingsmachten stond. Alle bedrijven waren in handen van de staat, in de vorm van een Volkseigener Betrieb (VEB). De socialistische staat bepaalde de productie alsmede de prijzen. Regelmatige tekorten aan goederen en de slechte kwaliteit waren hiervan het gevolg (planeconomie). Dit leidde tot grote ergernissen onder de DDR-bevolking (lange wachtrijen voor de winkels). Omdat West-Duitsland de DDR niet als zelfstandige staat erkende, werden vluchtende Oost-Duitsers als staatsburgers geaccepteerd en kregen zij automatisch een West-Duits paspoort. Het DDR-regime besloot vanaf 1952 daarom de grens met de Bondsrepubliek af te grendelen met levensbedreigende versperringen. Om een grootscheepse Republikflucht (vlucht van burgers naar West-Duitsland) te voorkomen via de nog open grens met West-Berlijn, werd vanaf 13 augustus 1961 ook het laatste ontsnappingsgat afgesloten: de bouw van de beruchte Berlijnse Muur. De grens tussen de beide Duitslanden werd als onderdeel van het IJzeren Gordijn verder versterkt en nog strenger bewaakt. Daarna liet het regime bewoners uit West-Duitsland maar mondjesmaat toe. De meeste burgers in de DDR konden wel West-Duitse radio- en televisiezenders ontvangen. Zo wisten ze hoe het leven in het Westen was; alleen in de regio Dresden, tegen de Poolse grens aan, was de ontvangst van westerse zenders niet of nauwelijks mogelijk. Toen onder de Russische partijleider Michail Gorbatsjov vanaf 1985 de Sovjet-Unie zelf met hervormingen begon, (glasnost en perestrojka), putten veel burgers in de DDR hier nieuwe moed uit. Zij durfden zich via de kerken openlijk te verzetten. In de zomer van 1989 vluchtten duizenden via Hongarije de DDR uit. In september volgden vluchtelingen via de West-Duitse ambassade in Praag. In het najaar gingen tienduizenden de straat op, met name in Leipzig maar ook in andere steden. De Muur viel op 9 november 1989. Minder dan een jaar later volgde de Duitse hereniging."@nl , "East Germany, officially the German Democratic Republic (GDR; German: Deutsche Demokratische Republik, pronounced [\u02C8d\u0254\u028Ft\u0283\u0259 demo\u02C8k\u0281a\u02D0t\u026A\u0283\u0259 \u0281epu\u02C8bli\u02D0k], DDR, pronounced [\u02CCde\u02D0de\u02D0\u02C8\u0294\u025B\u0281]), was a country that existed from its creation on 7 October 1949 until its dissolution on 3 October 1990. In these years the state was a part of the Eastern Bloc in the Cold War. Commonly described as a communist state, it described itself as a socialist \"workers' and peasants' state\". Its territory was administered and occupied by Soviet forces following the end of World War II\u2014the Soviet occupation zone of the Potsdam Agreement, bounded on the east by the Oder\u2013Neisse line. The Soviet zone surrounded West Berlin but did not include it and West Berlin remained outside the jurisdiction of the GDR. The GDR was established in the Soviet zone, while the Federal Republic of Germany, commonly referred to as West Germany, was established in the three western zones. A satellite state of the Soviet Union, Soviet occupation authorities began transferring administrative responsibility to German communist leaders in 1948 and the GDR began to function as a state on 7 October 1949, although Soviet forces remained in the country throughout the Cold War. Until 1989, the GDR was governed by the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED), although other parties nominally participated in its alliance organization, the National Front of the German Democratic Republic. The SED made the teaching of Marxism\u2013Leninism and the Russian language compulsory in schools. The economy was centrally planned and state-owned. Prices of housing, basic goods and services were heavily subsidized and set by central government planners rather than rising and falling through supply and demand. Although the GDR had to pay substantial war reparations to the Soviets, it became the most successful economy in the Eastern Bloc. Emigration to the West was a significant problem as many of the emigrants were well-educated young people; such emigration weakened the state economically. In response, the government fortified its inner German border and built the Berlin Wall in 1961. Many people attempting to flee were killed by border guards or booby traps such as landmines. Those captured spent long periods of time imprisoned for attempting to escape. In 1951, a referendum in East Germany regarding the remilitarization of Germany was held, with 95% of the population voting in favour. In 1989, numerous social, economic and political forces in the GDR and abroad, one of the most notable being peaceful protests starting in the city of Leipzig, led to the fall of the Berlin Wall and the establishment of a government committed to liberalization. The following year, a free and fair election was held and international negotiations led to the signing of the Final Settlement treaty on the status and borders of Germany. The GDR ceased to exist when its states (\"L\u00E4nder\") joined the Federal Republic of Germany under Article 23 of the Basic Law on 3 October 1990. Several of the GDR's leaders, notably its last communist leader Egon Krenz, were later prosecuted for offenses committed during the GDR times. Geographically, the GDR bordered the Baltic Sea to the north, Poland to the east, Czechoslovakia to the southeast and West Germany to the southwest and west. Internally, the GDR also bordered the Soviet sector of Allied-occupied Berlin, known as East Berlin, which was also administered as the state's de facto capital. It also bordered the three sectors occupied by the United States, United Kingdom and France known collectively as West Berlin. The three sectors occupied by the Western nations were sealed off from the GDR by the Berlin Wall from its construction in 1961 until it was brought down in 1989."@en , "Rep\u00FAblica Democr\u00E1tica Alem\u00E3 (RDA; em alem\u00E3o: Deutsche Demokratische Republik), comumente chamada de Alemanha Oriental, foi um Estado que existiu entre 1949 e 1990, per\u00EDodo em que a parte oriental da Alemanha fazia parte do Bloco Oriental durante a Guerra Fria. Comumente descrito como um Estado comunista, o pa\u00EDs descrevia-se como um \"Estado socialista dos trabalhadores e camponeses\". Consistia em territ\u00F3rio administrado e ocupado por for\u00E7as sovi\u00E9ticas ap\u00F3s o final da Segunda Guerra Mundial \u2014 a zona de ocupa\u00E7\u00E3o sovi\u00E9tica do Acordo de Potsdam, delimitada a leste pela linha Oder-Neisse. A zona sovi\u00E9tica cercou Berlim Ocidental, mas n\u00E3o a incluiu; como resultado, ela permaneceu fora da jurisdi\u00E7\u00E3o da RDA. A Rep\u00FAblica Democr\u00E1tica Alem\u00E3 foi estabelecida na zona sovi\u00E9tica, enquanto a Rep\u00FAblica Federal da Alemanha (ou Alemanha Ocidental) foi estabelecida nas tr\u00EAs zonas ocidentais. A Alemanha Oriental era um Estado sat\u00E9lite da Uni\u00E3o Sovi\u00E9tica. As autoridades sovi\u00E9ticas de ocupa\u00E7\u00E3o come\u00E7aram a transferir a responsabilidade administrativa para os l\u00EDderes comunistas alem\u00E3es em 1948 e a RDA come\u00E7ou a funcionar como um Estado em 7 de outubro de 1949. No entanto, as for\u00E7as sovi\u00E9ticas permaneceram no pa\u00EDs durante a Guerra Fria. At\u00E9 1989, a RDA era governada pelo Partido Socialista Unificado (PSU), embora outros partidos participassem nominalmente de sua organiza\u00E7\u00E3o de alian\u00E7as, a Frente Nacional. O PSU tornou obrigat\u00F3rio o ensino do marxismo-leninismo e do idioma russo nas escolas. A economia era planificada centralmente e cada vez mais de propriedade estatal. Os pre\u00E7os da habita\u00E7\u00E3o, bens e servi\u00E7os b\u00E1sicos eram estabelecidos pelos planejadores do governo central, em vez de subir e descer pela oferta e pela demanda; e foram fortemente subsidiados. Embora a RDA tivesse que pagar substanciais repara\u00E7\u00F5es de guerra aos sovi\u00E9ticos, ela se tornou a economia mais bem-sucedida do Bloco Oriental. A emigra\u00E7\u00E3o para o Ocidente era um problema significativo, visto que muitos dos emigrantes eram jovens bem-educados, o que enfraqueceu economicamente ainda mais o pa\u00EDs. O governo fortificou suas fronteiras ocidentais e, em 1961, construiu o Muro de Berlim. As estimativas variam, e apontam que entre 70 a 1100 pessoas que tentaram transgredi-las foram mortas por guardas de fronteira ou armadilhas, como minas terrestres. Muitos outros passaram grande parte do tempo presos por tentar escapar. Em 1989, in\u00FAmeras for\u00E7as sociais, econ\u00F4micas e pol\u00EDticas na RDA e no exterior levaram \u00E0 queda do Muro de Berlim e ao estabelecimento de um governo comprometido com a liberaliza\u00E7\u00E3o. No ano seguinte, foram realizadas elei\u00E7\u00F5es livres e justas e negocia\u00E7\u00F5es internacionais levaram \u00E0 assinatura do Tratado Dois Mais Quatro sobre o estatuto e as fronteiras da Alemanha. A RDA se dissolveu e a Alemanha foi reunificada em 3 de outubro de 1990, tornando-se um Estado totalmente soberano na Rep\u00FAblica Federal da Alemanha. V\u00E1rios dos l\u00EDderes da RDA, principalmente o \u00FAltimo l\u00EDder comunista Egon Krenz, foram processados ap\u00F3s a reunifica\u00E7\u00E3o por crimes cometidos durante a Guerra Fria."@pt , "Die Deutsche Demokratische Republik (DDR) war ein Staat, der vom 7. Oktober 1949 bis zur Herstellung der Einheit Deutschlands am 3. Oktober 1990 bestand. Die DDR entstand aus der Teilung Deutschlands nach 1945, nachdem die Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands (SED) auf Betreiben der sowjetischen Besatzungsmacht ein diktatorisches Regime errichtet hatte, das bis zur friedlichen Revolution im Herbst 1989 existierte. Offizielle Staatsideologie war der Marxismus-Leninismus. In der zeitgeschichtlichen Forschung wird das Herrschaftssystem in der DDR mal als realsozialistisch, mal als kommunistisch bezeichnet. Die Machthaber nannten die DDR einen \u201Esozialistischen Staat der Arbeiter und Bauern\u201C und deutschen Friedensstaat, und behaupteten, die DDR habe die Wurzeln f\u00FCr Krieg und Faschismus beseitigt. Antifaschismus wurde zu einer Staatsdoktrin der DDR. Hervorgegangen aus der Sowjetischen Besatzungszone (SBZ), die mit der Aufteilung des besiegten Deutschland entstanden war, blieben die DDR und ihre Staatsf\u00FChrung, wie die anderen realsozialistischen Ostblockl\u00E4nder, w\u00E4hrend der vier Jahrzehnte ihres Bestehens weitgehend von der Sowjetunion abh\u00E4ngig. Die herrschenden politischen und wirtschaftlichen Verh\u00E4ltnisse stie\u00DFen teils auf Ablehnung, doch nur selten auf aktiven Widerstand in der Bev\u00F6lkerung. Unverkennbar war dieser aber in der Fr\u00FChphase beim Volksaufstand des 17. Juni 1953, der von sowjetischen Truppen niedergeschlagen wurde. Deutliche Ablehnung signalisierte auch die den Staat in seiner Existenz bedrohende Abwanderungsbewegung, die durch den Bau der Berliner Mauer 1961 drastisch einged\u00E4mmt wurde. Das Ministerium f\u00FCr Staatssicherheit (kurz MfS oder umgangssprachlich \u201EStasi\u201C) wurde ausgebaut zu einem die ganze Gesellschaft durchdringenden Organ der \u00DCberwachung und gezielten Zersetzung oppositioneller Aktivit\u00E4ten und Gruppierungen. Das staatliche Erziehungs- und Bildungswesen war vom Kindergarten bis zur Universit\u00E4t auf die \u201EErziehung zur sozialistischen Pers\u00F6nlichkeit\u201C gem\u00E4\u00DF der Ideologie des Marxismus-Leninismus ausgerichtet. Dem SED-F\u00FChrungsanspruch waren Blockparteien und Massenorganisationen in der DDR unterworfen, nicht nur bei den \u00FCber eine Einheitsliste abgehaltenen Volkskammerwahlen, sondern auch durch ein ausgedehntes Kontrollsystem bei der Besetzung von Leitungspositionen aller Art im Rahmen der Kaderpolitik. Das undemokratische politische System und wirtschaftliche Schw\u00E4chen f\u00FChrten zu einer zunehmend regimekritischen Einstellung der Bev\u00F6lkerung, besonders seit der ersten Konferenz \u00FCber Sicherheit und Zusammenarbeit in Europa (1973). Mit dieser Konferenz wurden Antr\u00E4ge auf Ausreise m\u00F6glich, gegen welche der Staat trotz vielf\u00E4ltiger Schikanen im weiteren Verlauf nicht ankam. In der Endphase intensivierte die Weigerung Erich Honeckers, den von Michail Gorbatschow in der Sowjetunion angesto\u00DFenen Reformprozess auch in der DDR wirksam werden zu lassen, sowohl das Ausreisebed\u00FCrfnis als auch die Protestbereitschaft. Auch innerhalb der Machtstrukturen der DDR schwand der R\u00FCckhalt f\u00FCr das System, die 1989 offen ausbrechenden friedlichen Proteste vieler B\u00FCrger wurden nicht mehr niedergeschlagen. Diese Proteste und eine Ausreisewelle \u00FCber Ungarn und die Tschechoslowakei waren wesentliche Bestandteile der Wende und friedlichen Revolution in der DDR, die im unerwarteten Fall der Mauer am 9. November 1989 gipfelte und letztendlich dem Ende der DDR und der deutschen Wiedervereinigung den Weg bereitete."@de , "\u0413\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0430\u0301\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0430\u044F \u0414\u0435\u043C\u043E\u043A\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0301\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0430\u044F \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043F\u0443\u0301\u0431\u043B\u0438\u043A\u0430 (\u0413\u0414\u0420) (\u043D\u0435\u043C. 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\u0627\u0644\u062F\u064A\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062F\u0629 \u062A\u0648\u062D\u064A\u062F \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0627 \u0641\u064A 3 \u062A\u0634\u0631\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 1990."@ar , "Jerman Timur, atau nama resminya Republik Demokratis Jerman atau RDJ (bahasa Jerman: Deutsche Demokratische Republik [\u02C8d\u0254\u028Ft\u0283\u0259 demo\u02C8k\u0280a\u02D0t\u026A\u0283\u0259 \u0280epu\u02C8bli\u02D0k]), merupakan negara Blok Timur selama periode Perang Dingin. Wilayah Jerman Timur sebelumnya merupakan wilayah Jerman yang diduduki oleh pasukan Soviet setelah berakhirnya Perang Dunia II yang disebut Zona Pendudukan Soviet sesuai dengan hasil Perjanjian Potsdam, yang berbatasan langsung dengan Perbatasan Oder-Neisse di sebelah timur. Zona Soviet mengelilingi Berlin Barat, tetapi Berlin Barat bukan merupakan Zona Pendudukan Soviet; sehingga Berlin Barat tetap berada di luar yurisdiksi RDJ.Jerman Timur didirikan di Zona Soviet, sementara Jerman Barat didirikan di gabungan zona Amerika Serikat, Britania Raya, dan Prancis. Jerman Timur sering disebut sebagai negara satelit Uni Soviet. Pihak berwenang dari Soviet mulai mentransfer tanggung jawab administratif ke pemimpin partai komunis di Jerman pada tahun 1948, dan RDJ resmi menjadi negara pada tanggal 7 Oktober 1949. Namun, tetap berada di RDJ selama periode Perang Dingin. Sampai tahun 1989, RDJ dipimpin oleh Partai Persatuan Sosialis (SED), walau partai lainnya ikut serta dalam organisasi pendukung pemerintah, . Perekonomian dikomando langsung oleh pemerintah di mana perusahaan milik negara berperan besar. Harga dari komoditas dan jasa primer diatur oleh pemerintah pusat, dan tidak fluktuatif tergantung permintaan dan penawaran. Walau RDJ harus membayar pampasan perang kepada Uni Soviet, RDJ berhasil menjadi negara termakmur di Blok Timur. Hanya saja, masih jauh jika dibandingkan dengan pertumbuhan ekonomi Jerman Barat. Emigrasi ke Barat menjadi masalah besar karena emigran sebagian besar merupakan pemuda terdidik, mengakibatkan ekonomi negara melemah. Pemerintah dan, pada tahun 1961, membangun Tembok Berlin. Banyak warga yang berusaha untuk melarikan diri terbunuh oleh penjaga perbatasan atau karena ranjau darat. Pada tahun 1989, serangkaian peristiwa sosial dan politik terjadi di RDJ yang berujung pada runtuhnya Tembok Berlin dan bangkitnya pemerintahan yang berkomitmen untuk melakukan liberalisasi. Tahun berikutnya, diadakan, dan kemudian RDJ dibubarkan dan Jerman kembali bersatu pada 3 Oktober 1990. Jerman Timur berbatasan dengan Laut Baltik di sebelah utara; Republik Rakyat Polandia di sebelah timur; Cekoslowakia di sebelah selatan, dan Jerman Barat di sebelah barat. RDJ juga berbatasan dengan sektor Soviet dari Berlin yang dikenal sebagai Berlin Timur yang menjadi ibu kota negara Jerman Timur dan juga berbatasan dengan wilayah Berlin yang diduduki Amerika Serikat, Britania Raya dan Prancis yang dikenal dengan nama Berlin Barat. Berlin Barat dikelilingi oleh Tembok Berlin sejak pembangunannya pada tahun 1961 sampai runtuhnya Tembok Berlin pada tahun 1989, Dan kemudian Jerman Timur bergabung dengan Jerman Barat."@in , "La Repubblica Democratica Tedesca (RDT) (in tedesco: Deutsche Demokratische Republik, abbreviato in DDR), comunemente indicata come Germania Est o Germania Orientale (Ostdeutschland), fu uno Stato socialista esistito dal 1949 al 1990 sul territorio corrispondente alla zona di occupazione della Germania assegnata all'Unione Sovietica alla fine della seconda guerra mondiale. Sorse in contrapposizione alla Repubblica Federale di Germania, allora nota anche col termine colloquiale di Germania Ovest, che includeva le altre tre zone di occupazione in cui era stato suddiviso il territorio tedesco; fu parte del Patto di Varsavia e del Comecon. La capitale era posta nel settore orientale di Berlino (Berlin, Hauptstadt der DDR) e la lingua ufficiale era il tedesco."@it , "La Germana Demokratia Respubliko (GDR, germane Deutsche Demokratische Republik), anka\u016D nomita Orienta Germanio, de 1949 \u011Dis 1990 estis \u015Dtato en centra E\u016Dropo. \u011Ci ekzistis samtempe kun la Federacia Respubliko Germanio, kiu konati\u011Dis kiel Okcidenta Germanio. Amba\u016D germanaj \u015Dtatoj krei\u011Dis post la Dua Mondmilito, en kiu la Nazia Germanio estis malvenkinta. La alianco kontra\u016D la nazioj, kiu konsistis el Britio, Usono kaj Francio en okcidento kaj Sovetunio en oriento, post la milito disfalis en la okcidentajn, demokratiajn aliancitojn kaj la komunisma Sovetunio. Pro la reciproka ekskluzivado de tiuj politikaj kaj ekonomiaj sistemoj, esti\u011Dis malamikeco, kaj oni dividis la malvenkintan Germanion en tri partojn, el kiuj la plej orienta parto, el kiuj praktike \u0109iuj germanoj forpeli\u011Dis, doni\u011Dis al administrado de Pola Popola Respubliko kaj Sovetunio, kiuj konsideris la akira\u0135ojn nova parto de sia \u015Dtata teritorio. La anta\u016D 1945 centra kaj nun \"orienta\" parto de Germanio, kiu ekde 1945 estis la Soveta okupacia zono, orienti\u011Dis la\u016D la soveta sistemo. Kiam la Malvarma Milito inter Sovetunio kaj la okcidentaj potencoj finis kaj Sovetunio disfalis, la GDR-\u015Dtato dissolvi\u011Dis kaj \u011Dia teritorio i\u011Dis parto de la Federacia Respubliko Germanio. Tiu estas la \u011Dishodia\u016Da germana \u015Dtato."@eo , "\u00D6sttyskland, officiellt Tyska demokratiska republiken (tyska: Deutsche Demokratische Republik, f\u00F6rkortat DDR, under tidigt 1950-tal p\u00E5 svenska \u00E4ven TDR), var en stat som existerade mellan 7 oktober 1949 och 3 oktober 1990. Den bildades ur den tidigare sovjetiska ockupationszonen av Tyskland efter andra v\u00E4rldskriget. Landet, som betecknade sig som marxist-leninistiskt, var medlem av b\u00E5de Warszawapakten och Comecon. Fr\u00E5n bildandet i oktober 1949 och fram till juli 1960 var Wilhelm Pieck president. D\u00E4refter \u00F6vertogs statschefskapet av statsr\u00E5det med Walter Ulbricht som ordf\u00F6rande. Ulbricht var de facto landets ledare sedan 1950 i egenskap av generalsekreterare f\u00F6r det statsb\u00E4rande partiet SED. Till skillnad fr\u00E5n m\u00E5nga andra \u00F6ststater var \u00D6sttyskland inte en enpartistat, utan det fanns s\u00E5 kallade st\u00F6dpartier till SED som medborgarna enligt lagen hade r\u00E4tt att engagera sig i. Det politiska livet dominerades dock av SED, som var statsparti. I maj 1971 ersattes Ulbricht som ledare f\u00F6r DDR av Erich Honecker. Han h\u00F6ll fast vid sin marxist-leninistiska \u00F6vertygelse in i slutet, trots internt tryck p\u00E5 reformbehov och st\u00E4llde sig avvisande till Sovjetunionens nya linje under andra halvan av 1980-talet med Michail Gorbatjovs glasnost och perestrojka. Honecker avsattes slutligen i oktober 1989, i samband med den politiska omv\u00E4lvningen, och m\u00E5naden d\u00E4rp\u00E5 revs Berlinmuren. Efter turbulensen kring Berlinmurens fall i november 1989 tilltr\u00E4dde en ny regering, med Hans Modrow som regeringschef. SED f\u00F6rlorade snart sin position som statsb\u00E4rande parti och f\u00F6retr\u00E4dare f\u00F6r oppositionsgrupperingar togs via rundabordssamtal in i regeringen, tills det f\u00F6rsta demokratiska valet kunde h\u00E5llas i mars 1990. \u00D6sttyskland uppl\u00F6stes i samband Tysklands \u00E5terf\u00F6rening den 3 oktober 1990, d\u00E5 dess nybildade f\u00F6rbundsl\u00E4nder ansl\u00F6t sig till F\u00F6rbundsrepubliken Tyskland, som tidigare informellt \u00E4ven kallades V\u00E4sttyskland."@sv , "\u30C9\u30A4\u30C4\u6C11\u4E3B\u5171\u548C\u56FD\uFF08\u30C9\u30A4\u30C4\u307F\u3093\u3057\u3085\u304D\u3087\u3046\u308F\u3053\u304F\u3001\u30C9\u30A4\u30C4\u8A9E: Deutsche Demokratische Republik; DDR\uFF09\u3001\u901A\u79F0\u6771\u30C9\u30A4\u30C4\uFF08\u3072\u304C\u3057\u30C9\u30A4\u30C4\u3001\u30C9\u30A4\u30C4\u8A9E: Ostdeutschland\uFF09\u307E\u305F\u306F\u6771\u72EC\uFF08\u3068\u3046\u3069\u304F\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u7B2C\u4E8C\u6B21\u4E16\u754C\u5927\u6226\u5F8C\u306E1949\u5E7410\u6708\u306B\u30C9\u30A4\u30C4\u306E\u30BD\u9023\u5360\u9818\u5730\u57DF\u306B\u5EFA\u56FD\u3055\u308C\u305F\u56FD\u5BB6\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002 \u65E7\u30C9\u30A4\u30C4\u56FD\u897F\u90E8\u304B\u3089\u5357\u90E8\u306B\u304B\u3051\u3066\u306E\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u30FB\u30A4\u30AE\u30EA\u30B9\u30FB\u30D5\u30E9\u30F3\u30B9\u5360\u9818\u5730\u57DF\u306B\u5EFA\u56FD\u3055\u308C\u305F\u30C9\u30A4\u30C4\u9023\u90A6\u5171\u548C\u56FD\uFF08\u897F\u30C9\u30A4\u30C4\uFF09\u3068\u5171\u306B\u30C9\u30A4\u30C4\u3092\u4E8C\u5206\u3057\u305F\u5206\u65AD\u56FD\u5BB6\u306E\u4E00\u3064\u30021990\u5E7410\u6708\u306B\u30C9\u30A4\u30C4\u9023\u90A6\u5171\u548C\u56FD\u306B\u9818\u571F\u3092\u7DE8\u5165\u3055\u308C\u308B\u5F62\u3067\u6D88\u6EC5\u3057\u305F\u3002"@ja , "La Rep\u00FAblica Democr\u00E1tica Alemana\u200B (en alem\u00E1n, Deutsche Demokratische Republik; abreviado DDR o, en espa\u00F1ol, RDA) \u2014tambi\u00E9n denominada Alemania Oriental, Alemania del Este (en alem\u00E1n, Ostdeutschland, tambi\u00E9n escrito Ost-Deutschland) o Alemania Democr\u00E1tica\u200B\u2014 fue un Estado socialista que existi\u00F3 en la Europa Central durante el per\u00EDodo de la Guerra Fr\u00EDa. Fundada en 1949, en el territorio de Alemania que se encontraba bajo ocupaci\u00F3n sovi\u00E9tica tras el final de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, dej\u00F3 de existir en 1990 cuando se incorpor\u00F3 a la Rep\u00FAblica Federal de Alemania (RFA) tras el proceso denominado \u00ABreunificaci\u00F3n alemana\u00BB.\u200B A finales de 1948 las autoridades de la Uni\u00F3n Sovi\u00E9tica transfirieron las responsabilidades administrativas a los comunistas pero hasta el 7 de octubre de 1949 la RDA no se fund\u00F3 como un Estado propiamente dicho.\u200B Sin embargo, las Fuerzas sovi\u00E9ticas permanecieron en el pa\u00EDs hasta su disoluci\u00F3n.\u200B La l\u00F3gica de la Guerra Fr\u00EDa llev\u00F3 a que muchos pa\u00EDses occidentales, en aplicaci\u00F3n de la Doctrina Hallstein, no reconocieran inicialmente a la RDA.\u200B La propia RFA no reconoci\u00F3 a la RDA como Estado \u2014consider\u00E1ndolo un territorio bajo ocupaci\u00F3n extranjera\u2014 hasta los a\u00F1os 1970 cuando Willy Brandt impuls\u00F3 la Ostpolitik.\u200B Tras ello se normalizaron las relaciones diplom\u00E1ticas entre ambas Alemanias y se produjo el reconocimiento mutuo.\u200B En pol\u00EDtica interior, el Estado fue gobernado hasta 1989 por el Partido Socialista Unificado de Alemania (SED), que mantuvo una posici\u00F3n hegem\u00F3nica durante cuatro d\u00E9cadas.\u200B Tambi\u00E9n exist\u00EDan otros partidos pol\u00EDticos agrupados, junto al SED, en el denominado \u00ABFrente Nacional de la Alemania Democr\u00E1tica\u00BB.\u200B La RDA ten\u00EDa una econom\u00EDa planificada y considerablemente intervenida por el Estado.\u200B Aunque tras la Segunda Guerra Mundial tuvo que pagar significativas reparaciones de guerra a la Uni\u00F3n Sovi\u00E9tica, lo que supuso la deslocalizaci\u00F3n industrial, se calific\u00F3 al pa\u00EDs como la econom\u00EDa del Bloque Oriental que mayor \u00E9xito alcanz\u00F3.\u200B Su capital fue establecida en Berl\u00EDn Este y el resto del pa\u00EDs comprend\u00EDa la zona de ocupaci\u00F3n sovi\u00E9tica, siendo su frontera en el este la L\u00EDnea \u00D3der-Neisse. Por su parte, la RFA abarcaba los territorios de ocupaci\u00F3n dirigidos por Estados Unidos, Francia y el Reino Unido, y Berl\u00EDn Oeste, que era un enclave separado del resto de la Alemania Occidental.\u200B De este modo, Berl\u00EDn fue uno de los grandes s\u00EDmbolos de la Guerra Fr\u00EDa.\u200B Esta particularidad geopol\u00EDtica y el proceso de huida hacia el oeste de alemanes orientales, disconformes con el Gobierno, acabar\u00EDan llevando al Gobierno de la RDA a fortificar su frontera occidental y, en 1961,\u200B a levantar el llamado Muro de Berl\u00EDn.\u200B"@es , "Niemiecka Republika Demokratyczna (oficjalny skr\u00F3t NRD; niem. Deutsche Demokratische Republik, DDR, potocznie Niemcy Wschodnie) \u2013 istniej\u0105ce w latach 1949\u20131990 pa\u0144stwo niemieckie powsta\u0142e 7 pa\u017Adziernika 1949 roku na terenie radzieckiej strefy okupacyjnej (niem. Sowjetische Besatzungszone in Deutschland, SBZ) b\u0119d\u0105ce cz\u0119\u015Bci\u0105 bloku wschodniego. Likwidacja NRD nast\u0105pi\u0142a 3 pa\u017Adziernika 1990 roku, gdy powsta\u0142e w miejsce NRD landy przyst\u0105pi\u0142y do RFN tworz\u0105c zjednoczone Niemcy."@pl , "La Rep\u00FAblica Democr\u00E0tica Alemanya (RDA o DDR, en alemany Deutsche Demokratische Republik) va ser un estat comunista d'Europa Central que es va establir al territori alemany ocupat per la Uni\u00F3 Sovi\u00E8tica a la finalitzaci\u00F3 de la Segona Guerra Mundial, que va existir entre els anys 1949 i 1990, any en qu\u00E8 els L\u00E4nder que la formaven es van unificar amb els de la Rep\u00FAblica Federal Alemanya (RFA). Per distingir-la de l'Alemanya capitalista, la RFA, sovint va ser anomenada Alemanya Oriental, de l'Est o Alemanya Democr\u00E0tica. La RDA es va proclamar al Berl\u00EDn Est el 7 d'octubre de 1949. Fou declarat estat sobir\u00E0 el 1954, per\u00F2 s'hi van mantenir les tropes sovi\u00E8tiques tal com s'havia acordat a la quatripartita Confer\u00E8ncia de Potsdam, sobretot com a contrapartida per la pres\u00E8ncia nord-americana a l'Alemanya Occidental durant la Guerra Freda. La RDA va ser membre del Pacte de Vars\u00F2via. Despr\u00E9s d'un llarg proc\u00E9s pol\u00EDtic i social, que va culminar el 1989 amb la \"caiguda del mur\", es va unir els anys posteriors amb l'RFA i es va formar l'Alemanya unificada."@ca , "Allemagne de l'Est(\nPour les articles homonymes, voir RDA et DDR. )(\n\u00AB Allemagne de l'Est \u00BB redirige ici. Pour les autres significations, voir Allemagne de l'Est (r\u00E9gion). ) R\u00E9publique d\u00E9mocratique allemande(de) Deutsche Demokratische Republik 7 octobre 1949 \u2013 3 octobre 1990(40 ans, 11 mois et 26 jours) Localisation de l'Allemagne de l'Est (en vert) dans l'Europe de 1961. Entit\u00E9s pr\u00E9c\u00E9dentes : \n* Allemagne occup\u00E9e (zone sovi\u00E9tique) Entit\u00E9s suivantes : \n* R\u00E9publique f\u00E9d\u00E9rale d'Allemagne La R\u00E9publique d\u00E9mocratique allemande (RDA) ; en allemand : Deutsche Demokratische Republik ou DDR, parfois traduit par R\u00E9publique d\u00E9mocratique d'Allemagne), commun\u00E9ment appel\u00E9e Allemagne de l'Est, est un ancien \u00C9tat communiste europ\u00E9en cr\u00E9\u00E9 le 7 octobre 1949 par le Parti socialiste unifi\u00E9 d'Allemagne, alli\u00E9 de l\u2019URSS. Le territoire de la RDA correspond \u00E0 la zone occup\u00E9e par l'Arm\u00E9e rouge. Cet \u00E9v\u00E9nement intervient apr\u00E8s la fondation de la R\u00E9publique f\u00E9d\u00E9rale d\u2019Allemagne pr\u00E9c\u00E9d\u00E9e par la trizone des puissances occupantes occidentales. Berlin-Est, le secteur sovi\u00E9tique de la ville, \u00E9tait la capitale de la RDA. La RDA faisait partie des r\u00E9gimes autoritaires qui se revendiquaient comme des \u00AB d\u00E9mocraties populaires \u00BB, politiquement affili\u00E9s \u00E0 l'URSS au sein du bloc de l'Est. \u00C0 partir du 13 ao\u00FBt 1961, l'enclave occidentale de Berlin-Ouest est s\u00E9par\u00E9e de Berlin-Est et du reste de la RDA par le mur de Berlin, qui devient l'un des plus c\u00E9l\u00E8bres symboles du \u00AB rideau de fer \u00BB. Le but \u00E9tant d'emp\u00EAcher la fuite vers l'ouest des citoyens est-allemands voulant \u00E9chapper \u00E0 la dictature. L'effondrement du bloc communiste en Europe de l'Est entra\u00EEne la disparition de la RDA, qui est absorb\u00E9e par la R\u00E9publique f\u00E9d\u00E9rale le 3 octobre 1990, soit presque 41 ans jour pour jour apr\u00E8s sa fondation, aboutissement du processus de r\u00E9unification, formant ainsi une Allemagne unifi\u00E9e. L\u2019id\u00E9ologie officielle de l\u2019\u00C9tat \u00E9tait le marxisme-l\u00E9ninisme. Dans la recherche historique contemporaine, le syst\u00E8me de gouvernement en RDA est parfois d\u00E9crit soit comme relevant du \u00AB socialisme r\u00E9el \u00BB, soit comme communiste. Les dirigeants du pays le consid\u00E9raient comme un \u00AB \u00C9tat socialiste des ouvriers et des paysans \u00BB et un \u00C9tat de paix, affirmant que la RDA prenait racine dans la guerre et la lutte contre le fascisme. L'antifascisme \u00E9tait devenu une doctrine d\u2019\u00C9tat en RDA."@fr , "\u0397 \u039B\u03B1\u03BF\u03BA\u03C1\u03B1\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u0394\u03B7\u03BC\u03BF\u03BA\u03C1\u03B1\u03C4\u03AF\u03B1 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u0393\u03B5\u03C1\u03BC\u03B1\u03BD\u03AF\u03B1\u03C2 (\u039B\u0394\u0393)(\u03AE \u039B\u03B1\u03CA\u03BA\u03AE) (\u03B3\u03B5\u03C1\u03BC\u03B1\u03BD\u03B9\u03BA\u03AC: Deutsche Demokratische Republik, DDR), \u03B3\u03BD\u03C9\u03C3\u03C4\u03AE \u03B1\u03BD\u03B5\u03C0\u03AF\u03C3\u03B7\u03BC\u03B1 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C9\u03C2 \u0391\u03BD\u03B1\u03C4\u03BF\u03BB\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u0393\u03B5\u03C1\u03BC\u03B1\u03BD\u03AF\u03B1, \u03AE\u03C4\u03B1\u03BD \u03BA\u03BF\u03BC\u03BC\u03BF\u03C5\u03BD\u03B9\u03C3\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC \u03BA\u03C1\u03AC\u03C4\u03BF\u03C2 \u03C4\u03BF \u03BF\u03C0\u03BF\u03AF\u03BF \u03B9\u03B4\u03C1\u03CD\u03B8\u03B7\u03BA\u03B5 \u03C3\u03C4\u03B9\u03C2 7 \u039F\u03BA\u03C4\u03C9\u03B2\u03C1\u03AF\u03BF\u03C5 1949 \u03C3\u03C4\u03B7 \u03C3\u03BF\u03B2\u03B9\u03B5\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03B6\u03CE\u03BD\u03B7 \u03BA\u03B1\u03C4\u03BF\u03C7\u03AE\u03C2, \u03C3\u03C5\u03BC\u03C0\u03B5\u03C1\u03B9\u03BB\u03B1\u03BC\u03B2\u03B1\u03BD\u03BF\u03BC\u03AD\u03BD\u03BF\u03C5 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C3\u03BF\u03B2\u03B9\u03B5\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03BF\u03CD \u03C4\u03BC\u03AE\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03BF\u03C2 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u0392\u03B5\u03C1\u03BF\u03BB\u03AF\u03BD\u03BF\u03C5. \u03A3\u03C4\u03B9\u03C2 3 \u039F\u03BA\u03C4\u03C9\u03B2\u03C1\u03AF\u03BF\u03C5 1990 \u03C0\u03C1\u03BF\u03C3\u03C7\u03CE\u03C1\u03B7\u03C3\u03B5 \u03BC\u03B5 \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC\u03C6\u03B1\u03C3\u03B7 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03B1\u03BD\u03B1\u03C4\u03BF\u03BB\u03B9\u03BA\u03BF\u03B3\u03B5\u03C1\u03BC\u03B1\u03BD\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE\u03C2 \u03B2\u03BF\u03C5\u03BB\u03AE\u03C2 (\u03A6\u03BF\u03BB\u03BA\u03C3\u03BA\u03AC\u03BC\u03BC\u03B5\u03C1) \u03C3\u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u039F\u03BC\u03BF\u03C3\u03C0\u03BF\u03BD\u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03BA\u03AE \u0394\u03B7\u03BC\u03BF\u03BA\u03C1\u03B1\u03C4\u03AF\u03B1 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u0393\u03B5\u03C1\u03BC\u03B1\u03BD\u03AF\u03B1\u03C2."@el , "Alemaniako Errepublika Demokratikoa (alemanez: Deutsche Demokratische Republik, DDR), Ekialdeko Alemania ere deitua, Erdialdeko Europako antzinako estatu sozialista izan zen, 1949-1990 bitartean iraun zuena. 108.333 kilometro koadroko eremua hartzen zuen, eta 16,1 milioi biztanle zituen 1970ean. Berlin zen hiriburua."@eu ; dbp:altFlag "Flag of East Germany"@en ; dbp:areaKm 108333 ; dbp:callingCode "+37"@en ; dbp:capital "East Berlin"@en ; dbp:cctld ".dd"@en ; dbp:conventionalLongName "German Democratic Republic"@en ; dbp:dateEvent "1973-09-18"^^xsd:date , "1972-12-21"^^xsd:date , "1990-09-12"^^xsd:date , "1989-10-13"^^xsd:date , "1953-06-16"^^xsd:date , "1961-06-04"^^xsd:date , ""@en , "1955-05-14"^^xsd:date , "1989-11-09"^^xsd:date ; dbp:demonym dbr:Germans ; dbp:drivesOn "right"@en ; dbp:eventEnd dbr:German_reunification ; dbp:eventStart ""@en , ; dbp:flagP "Flag of the Soviet Union .svg"@en ; dbp:flagS "Flag of Germany.svg"@en ; dbp:flagType dbr:Flag_of_East_Germany , ""@en . @prefix dbd: . dbr:East_Germany dbp:gdpPpp "5.2529E11"^^dbd:usDollar ; dbp:gdpPppPerCapita "42004.0"^^dbd:usDollar ; dbp:gdpPppYear 1989 ; dbp:hdi "0.953"^^xsd:double ; dbp:hdiYear 1990 ; dbp:imageCoat "Coat of arms of East Germany.svg"@en ; dbp:largestCity "capital"@en ; dbp:lifeSpan 1949 ; dbp:nationalAnthem "center"@en , "\""@en ; dbp:nationalMotto "\""@en , ""@en ; dbp:officialLanguages dbr:German_language , "Sorbian"@en ; dbp:representative dbr:Wilhelm_Pieck , ""@en , dbr:Sabine_Bergmann-Pohl ; dbo:currency dbr:East_German_mark . @prefix gold: . dbr:East_Germany gold:hypernym dbr:State ; schema:sameAs ; dbo:areaMetro "108333000000.0"^^xsd:double ; skos:closeMatch , . @prefix prov: . dbr:East_Germany prov:wasDerivedFrom . @prefix ns68: . dbr:East_Germany ns68:areaMetro "108333.0"^^dbd:squareKilometre ; ns68:populationDensity "149.0"^^dbd:inhabitantsPerSquareKilometre ; dbo:wikiPageLength "212073"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . @prefix ns69: . dbr:East_Germany dcterms:isPartOf ns69:target ; dbo:officialLanguage dbr:Sorbian_languages , dbr:Bezirk_Cottbus , dbr:German_language ; dbo:demonym "East German"@en ; dbo:dissolutionDate "1990-10-03"^^xsd:date ; dbo:dissolutionYear "1990"^^xsd:gYear ; dbo:foundingDate "1949-10-07"^^xsd:date ; dbo:foundingYear "1949"^^xsd:gYear ; dbo:motto "(\"Workers of the world, unite!\")" , "\"" ; dbo:populationDensity "149.0"^^xsd:double ; dbo:capital dbr:East_Berlin ; dbo:governmentType dbr:Federal_republic , dbr:Unitary_state ; dbo:language dbr:German_language , dbr:Bezirk_Cottbus , dbr:Sorbian_languages . @prefix wikipedia-en: . dbr:East_Germany foaf:isPrimaryTopicOf wikipedia-en:East_Germany .