. . . . . . "Unter dem Schlagwort e-Science wird ein wissenschaftliches Paradigma \u2013 die Electronic Science oder auch \"enhanced Science\" (zu deutsch etwa erweiterte Wissenschaft) \u2013 verstanden. e-Science zielt auf eine kollaborative Forschung, die auf der Basis einer umfassend digitalen Infrastruktur vollzogen wird. Diese Infrastruktur integriert dabei alle relevanten Ressourcen f\u00FCr einen Forschungsbereich und stellt zugleich Werkzeuge zu ihrer Verarbeitung bereit. In rechenintensiven Forschungsszenarien organisiert sie die Verteilung der Rechenkapazit\u00E4ten. Bei der Erarbeitung von Forschungsergebnissen unterst\u00FCtzt sie kollaborative Prozesse und bietet eine Plattform f\u00FCr die Publikation der Resultate \u2013 die dadurch selbst wieder zu Ressourcen f\u00FCr die Weiterforschung werden."@de . . . . . "1118275415"^^ . . . . . . . "E-Science"@en . . . . . "E-Science"@de . . "O termo e-Science (ou, no Brasil, e-Ci\u00EAncia) refere-se aos m\u00E9todos de obten\u00E7\u00E3o de resultados cient\u00EDficos por meio da utiliza\u00E7\u00E3o intensiva de computa\u00E7\u00E3o, usualmente paralela, e de imenso volume de dados. Existem programas governamentais para o desenvolvimento da e-Science, como, por exemplo, o programa brit\u00E2nico de e-Science. No Brasil, diversas infraestruturas para e-Ci\u00EAncia (tamb\u00E9m chamadas de e-Infrastructures ou Cyberinfrastructures) est\u00E3o sendo desenvolvidas. Entre as mais conhecidas est\u00E3o: \n* SINAPAD \n* Rede Galileu \n* GridUNESP \n* EELA \n* CCES - CEPID"@pt . . . . . . . . . . . "E-Science \uFF08\u6216\u79F0\u4E3A eScience\uFF09\u662F\u8BA1\u7B97\u5BC6\u96C6\u578B\u7684\u5B66\u79D1\uFF0C\u901A\u5E38\u662F\u6307\u5229\u7528\u9AD8\u901F\u5206\u5E03\u5F0F\u7F51\u7EDC\u73AF\u5883\u8FDB\u884C\u79D1\u5B66\u7814\u7A76\uFF0C\u6216\u662F\u8981\u6C42\u7F51\u683C\u8BA1\u7B97\u5927\u91CF\u6570\u636E\u96C6\uFF0C\u6709\u65F6\u4E5F\u5305\u62EC\u5206\u5E03\u5F0F\u7684\u6280\u672F\u3002 \u8FD9\u4E2A\u6982\u5FF5\u9996\u5148\u7531\u82F1\u56FD\u7684\u79D1\u6280\u90E8\u529E\u516C\u5BA4\u4E3B\u4EFB\u7EA6\u7FF0\u00B7\u6CF0\u52D2\uFF08John Taylor\uFF09\u4E8E1999\u5E74\u9996\u6B21\u63D0\u51FA\uFF0C\u5E76\u4E8E\u6295\u5165\u4E86\u5927\u91CF\u8D44\u91D1\u542F\u52A8\u4E86\u5173\u4E8E\u8FD9\u65B9\u9762\u7684\u7814\u7A76\u3002\u5176\u5728\u5305\u62EC\u793E\u4F1A\u6A21\u62DF\uFF0C\u7C92\u5B50\u7269\u7406\uFF0C\u5730\u7403\u79D1\u5B66\u548C\u751F\u7269\u4FE1\u606F\u5B66\u7B49\u9886\u57DF\u6709\u5DE8\u5927\u9700\u6C42\u3002\u76EE\u524D\uFF0C\u5728\u7C92\u5B50\u7269\u7406\u9886\u57DF\u76EE\u524D\u5DF2\u7ECF\u6709\u4E86\u53D1\u8FBE\u7684e-Science\u57FA\u7840\u8BBE\u65BD\uFF0C\u5229\u7528\u5206\u5E03\u5F0F\u8BA1\u7B97\u6765\u5206\u6790\u8BA1\u7B97\u7ED3\u679C\u548C\u5B58\u50A82008\u5E74\u8D77\u6765\u81EA\u6B27\u6D32CERN\u7684\u5927\u578B\u5F3A\u5B50\u5BF9\u649E\u673A\u7684\u6570\u636E\u3002"@zh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062A\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064A\u0629 (eScience) \u0647\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u062A\u0646\u0641\u0630 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062A\u062E\u062F\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0648\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062A\u064F\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062E\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u062D\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0647\u064A \u062A\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u062A\u0633\u062A\u062E\u062F\u0645 \u0645\u062C\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062A \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064A\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u062A\u062A\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062D\u0648\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u064A\u0629\u061B \u064A\u062A\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062D \u0623\u062D\u064A\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064B \u062A\u0642\u0646\u064A\u0627\u062A \u062A\u062A\u064A\u062D \u062A\u0648\u0632\u064A\u0639\u0627\u064B \u062A\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064A\u0627\u064B \u0643\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644."@ar . "Unter dem Schlagwort e-Science wird ein wissenschaftliches Paradigma \u2013 die Electronic Science oder auch \"enhanced Science\" (zu deutsch etwa erweiterte Wissenschaft) \u2013 verstanden. e-Science zielt auf eine kollaborative Forschung, die auf der Basis einer umfassend digitalen Infrastruktur vollzogen wird. Diese Infrastruktur integriert dabei alle relevanten Ressourcen f\u00FCr einen Forschungsbereich und stellt zugleich Werkzeuge zu ihrer Verarbeitung bereit. In rechenintensiven Forschungsszenarien organisiert sie die Verteilung der Rechenkapazit\u00E4ten. Bei der Erarbeitung von Forschungsergebnissen unterst\u00FCtzt sie kollaborative Prozesse und bietet eine Plattform f\u00FCr die Publikation der Resultate \u2013 die dadurch selbst wieder zu Ressourcen f\u00FCr die Weiterforschung werden. e-Science hat in diesem Sinn neben dem technologischen Aspekt (Virtualisierung von Hardware) vor allem auch einen sozialen und wissenschaftspolitischen Aspekt (kooperative Forschung, Wiederverwendbarkeit von Daten, Interoperabilit\u00E4t digitaler Werkzeuge). Obwohl eine Erweiterung von e-Science Methoden auch in die Wirtschaft und \u00D6ffentlichkeit (Gesellschaft) hinein gew\u00FCnscht ist, tritt diese Entwicklung nur z\u00F6gerlich ein. Eine schrittweise erfolgende Ann\u00E4herung an dieses Ziel \u00FCber mehrere Jahre ist aber in der Entwicklung einer neuen Infrastruktur nicht ungew\u00F6hnlich. Im Bereich e-Science werden mit staatlicher Hilfe derzeit z. B. die Bereiche Wissensmanagement (Wissensvernetzung), Open Access, e-Learning und Grid-Computing gef\u00F6rdert. Das Konzept der eScience setzt sich in den einzelnen Teilbereichen fort. Dort kommt es dann zu Begriffsbildungen wie e-Geography, e-Humanities, e-Medicine oder e-Engineering. Was vor allem in Deutschland und Gro\u00DFbritannien unter dem Begriff e-Science diskutiert wird, entspricht in den USA etwa dem Konzept der \"cyberinfrastructure\" und in Australien dem Konzept der \"e-Research\"."@de . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "E-Science or eScience is computationally intensive science that is carried out in highly distributed network environments, or science that uses immense data sets that require grid computing; the term sometimes includes technologies that enable distributed collaboration, such as the Access Grid. The term was created by John Taylor, the Director General of the United Kingdom's Office of Science and Technology in 1999 and was used to describe a large funding initiative starting in November 2000. E-science has been more broadly interpreted since then, as \"the application of computer technology to the undertaking of modern scientific investigation, including the preparation, experimentation, data collection, results dissemination, and long-term storage and accessibility of all materials generat"@en . . . . . . . "1001976"^^ . . . . . "E-Science"@pt . . "InternetArchiveBot"@en . . . . . "December 2019"@en . . . . . "O termo e-Science (ou, no Brasil, e-Ci\u00EAncia) refere-se aos m\u00E9todos de obten\u00E7\u00E3o de resultados cient\u00EDficos por meio da utiliza\u00E7\u00E3o intensiva de computa\u00E7\u00E3o, usualmente paralela, e de imenso volume de dados. Existem programas governamentais para o desenvolvimento da e-Science, como, por exemplo, o programa brit\u00E2nico de e-Science. No Brasil, diversas infraestruturas para e-Ci\u00EAncia (tamb\u00E9m chamadas de e-Infrastructures ou Cyberinfrastructures) est\u00E3o sendo desenvolvidas. Entre as mais conhecidas est\u00E3o: \n* SINAPAD \n* Rede Galileu \n* GridUNESP \n* EELA \n* CCES - CEPID"@pt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "E-Science"@zh . "E-Science or eScience is computationally intensive science that is carried out in highly distributed network environments, or science that uses immense data sets that require grid computing; the term sometimes includes technologies that enable distributed collaboration, such as the Access Grid. The term was created by John Taylor, the Director General of the United Kingdom's Office of Science and Technology in 1999 and was used to describe a large funding initiative starting in November 2000. E-science has been more broadly interpreted since then, as \"the application of computer technology to the undertaking of modern scientific investigation, including the preparation, experimentation, data collection, results dissemination, and long-term storage and accessibility of all materials generated through the scientific process. These may include data modeling and analysis, electronic/digitized laboratory notebooks, raw and fitted data sets, manuscript production and draft versions, pre-prints, and print and/or electronic publications.\" In 2014, IEEE eScience Conference Series condensed the definition to \"eScience promotes innovation in collaborative, computationally- or data-intensive research across all disciplines, throughout the research lifecycle\" in one of the working definitions used by the organizers. E-science encompasses \"what is often referred to as big data [which] has revolutionized science... [such as] the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN... [that] generates around 780 terabytes per year... highly data intensive modern fields of science...that generate large amounts of E-science data include: computational biology, bioinformatics, genomics\" and the human digital footprint for the social sciences. Turing Award winner Jim Gray imagined \"data-intensive science\" or \"e-science\" as a \"fourth paradigm\" of science (empirical, theoretical, computational and now data-driven) and asserted that \"everything about science is changing because of the impact of information technology\" and the data deluge. E-Science revolutionizes both fundamental legs of the scientific method: empirical research, especially through digital big data; and scientific theory, especially through computer simulation model building. These ideas were reflected by The White House's Office and Science Technology Policy in February 2013, which slated many of the aforementioned e-Science output products for preservation and access requirements under the memorandum's directive. E-sciences include particle physics, earth sciences and social simulations."@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "yes"@en . . . . . . "\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062A\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064A\u0629"@ar . . . "E-Science \uFF08\u6216\u79F0\u4E3A eScience\uFF09\u662F\u8BA1\u7B97\u5BC6\u96C6\u578B\u7684\u5B66\u79D1\uFF0C\u901A\u5E38\u662F\u6307\u5229\u7528\u9AD8\u901F\u5206\u5E03\u5F0F\u7F51\u7EDC\u73AF\u5883\u8FDB\u884C\u79D1\u5B66\u7814\u7A76\uFF0C\u6216\u662F\u8981\u6C42\u7F51\u683C\u8BA1\u7B97\u5927\u91CF\u6570\u636E\u96C6\uFF0C\u6709\u65F6\u4E5F\u5305\u62EC\u5206\u5E03\u5F0F\u7684\u6280\u672F\u3002 \u8FD9\u4E2A\u6982\u5FF5\u9996\u5148\u7531\u82F1\u56FD\u7684\u79D1\u6280\u90E8\u529E\u516C\u5BA4\u4E3B\u4EFB\u7EA6\u7FF0\u00B7\u6CF0\u52D2\uFF08John Taylor\uFF09\u4E8E1999\u5E74\u9996\u6B21\u63D0\u51FA\uFF0C\u5E76\u4E8E\u6295\u5165\u4E86\u5927\u91CF\u8D44\u91D1\u542F\u52A8\u4E86\u5173\u4E8E\u8FD9\u65B9\u9762\u7684\u7814\u7A76\u3002\u5176\u5728\u5305\u62EC\u793E\u4F1A\u6A21\u62DF\uFF0C\u7C92\u5B50\u7269\u7406\uFF0C\u5730\u7403\u79D1\u5B66\u548C\u751F\u7269\u4FE1\u606F\u5B66\u7B49\u9886\u57DF\u6709\u5DE8\u5927\u9700\u6C42\u3002\u76EE\u524D\uFF0C\u5728\u7C92\u5B50\u7269\u7406\u9886\u57DF\u76EE\u524D\u5DF2\u7ECF\u6709\u4E86\u53D1\u8FBE\u7684e-Science\u57FA\u7840\u8BBE\u65BD\uFF0C\u5229\u7528\u5206\u5E03\u5F0F\u8BA1\u7B97\u6765\u5206\u6790\u8BA1\u7B97\u7ED3\u679C\u548C\u5B58\u50A82008\u5E74\u8D77\u6765\u81EA\u6B27\u6D32CERN\u7684\u5927\u578B\u5F3A\u5B50\u5BF9\u649E\u673A\u7684\u6570\u636E\u3002"@zh . "21404"^^ . . . . . . . "\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062A\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064A\u0629 (eScience) \u0647\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u062A\u0646\u0641\u0630 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062A\u062E\u062F\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0648\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062A\u064F\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062E\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u062D\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0647\u064A \u062A\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u062A\u0633\u062A\u062E\u062F\u0645 \u0645\u062C\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062A \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064A\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u062A\u062A\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062D\u0648\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u064A\u0629\u061B \u064A\u062A\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062D \u0623\u062D\u064A\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064B \u062A\u0642\u0646\u064A\u0627\u062A \u062A\u062A\u064A\u062D \u062A\u0648\u0632\u064A\u0639\u0627\u064B \u062A\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064A\u0627\u064B \u0643\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644. \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062D \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062D \u062C\u0648\u0646 \u062A\u0627\u064A\u0644\u0648\u0631 (\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062F\u0633 \u0628\u0631\u064A\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064A \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062A\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064A\u0629)\u060C \u0648\u0642\u062F \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062F\u064A\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u062A\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062C\u064A\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064A \u0628\u0631\u064A\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1999. \u0648\u0642\u062F \u0627\u0633\u062A\u062E\u062F\u0645\u0647 \u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062F\u0631\u0629 \u062A\u0645\u0648\u064A\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064A\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062F\u0621\u0627\u064B \u0645\u0646 \u062A\u0634\u0631\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0627\u0646\u064A (\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631) 2000.\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u064A\u0646\u060C \u0641\u064F\u0633\u0651\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062D \u00AB\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062A\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064A\u0629\u00BB \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u060C \u0643\u062A\u0637\u0628\u064A\u0642 \u0644\u062A\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062C\u064A\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0623\u062F\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u062D\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064A \u0627\u0644\u062D\u062F\u064A\u062B\u060C \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064A \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u062D\u0636\u064A\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062A\u062C\u0631\u064A\u0628 \u0648\u062C\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064A\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062A \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062A\u0627\u0626\u062C \u0648\u062A\u062E\u0632\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062A \u0644\u0645\u062F\u062F \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064A\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062A\u062C\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062E\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0629.\u0648\u0642\u062F \u064A\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0645\u0630\u062C\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064A\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062A \u0648\u062A\u062D\u0644\u064A\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060C \u062D\u0648\u0627\u0633\u064A\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062E\u062A\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064A\u0629 \\\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062A\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062D\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060C \u0645\u062C\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064A\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062E\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062C\u0647\u0651\u0632\u0629\u060C \u0625\u0646\u062A\u0627\u062C \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062E\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0627\u062A \u0648\u0625\u0635\u062F\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0648\u062F\u0627\u062A\u060C \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062A \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062A\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064A\u0629\".\u0644\u062E\u0635\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062F\u064A\u062F \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062D\u0648\u062B \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062E\u0631\u062C\u0627\u062A \u0644\u0644\u062D\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062A\u0627\u0626\u062C \u0623\u0628\u062D\u0627\u062B \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062A\u062D\u0627\u062F\u064A\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u062A\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064A\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064A\u0636 \u0648\u0633\u064A\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062A\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062C\u064A\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064A \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637 (\u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064A\u0631) 2013\u060C \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 (\u0648\u0644\u064A\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644) \u0645\u0646\u062A\u062C\u0627\u062A \u0645\u062E\u0631\u062C\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062A\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0622\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064B \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u064A\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062A.\u062A\u062A\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062A\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0641\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0633\u064A\u0645\u0627\u062A \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062D\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062C\u062A\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064A\u0629. \u062A\u062A\u0645\u062A\u0639 \u0641\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0633\u064A\u0645\u0627\u062A \u0628\u0628\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u062A\u062D\u062A\u064A\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0629 \u0645\u062A\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060C \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064B \u0644\u062D\u0627\u062C\u062A\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062A\u0633\u0647\u064A\u0644\u0627\u062A \u062D\u0648\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064A\u0629 \u0644\u062A\u062D\u0644\u064A\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062A\u0627\u0626\u062C \u0648\u062A\u062E\u0632\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064A\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062A\u062C\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062F\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062F\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064A\u0631\u060C \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A \u0628\u062F\u0621 \u0628\u062A\u0644\u0642\u064A\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064A\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062A \u0641\u064A 2009. \u062A\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062A\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064A\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0640 \u00AB\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064A\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064A\u0631\u0629\u00BB \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u0623\u062D\u062F\u062B\u062A \u062B\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0629.. \u0627\u0639\u062A\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064B\u0645\u0646 2013\u060C \u0628\u062F\u0623 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062F\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u062F\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064A\u0631 \u0641\u064A \u0633\u064A\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u0625\u0646\u062A\u0627\u062C \u062D\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064A 780 \u062A\u064A\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u064A\u062A \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064A\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062A \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064A\u0627\u064B\u060C \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u062A\u062C \u0645\u0633\u062D Sloan Digital Sky \u062D\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064A 60 \u062A\u064A\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u064A\u062A \u0645\u0624\u062E\u0631\u0627\u064B. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062D\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u062F\u064A\u062B\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062E\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u062A\u0646\u062A\u062C \u0643\u0645\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064A\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062A: \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062D\u064A\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628\u064A\u060C \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062D\u064A\u0648\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u064A\u0646\u064A\u0648\u0645."@ar . . . . .