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Statements

Subject Item
dbr:Democratic_Party_(United_States)
rdf:type
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rdfs:label
民主党 (美国) Demokrata Partio (Usono) Partit Demòcrata dels Estats Units Demokratische Partei (Vereinigte Staaten) Páirtí Daonlathach (Stáit Aontaithe) Partido Democrata (Estados Unidos) 민주당 (미국) Partai Demokrat (Amerika Serikat) Parti démocrate (États-Unis) Demokratická strana (USA) 民主党 (アメリカ) Democratic Party (United States) Democratische Partij (Verenigde Staten) الحزب الديمقراطي (الولايات المتحدة) Демократична партія США Partia Demokratyczna (Stany Zjednoczone) Ameriketako Estatu Batuetako Alderdi Demokrata Partito Democratico (Stati Uniti d'America) Δημοκρατικό Κόμμα (ΗΠΑ) Partido Demócrata (Estados Unidos) Демократическая партия (США) Demokratiska partiet
rdfs:comment
민주당(民主黨, 영어: Democratic Party)은 공화당과 함께 미국의 양대 정당이다. 민주당의 역사는 토머스 제퍼슨 대통령의 민주공화당 시절까지 거슬러 올라가는데, 현 민주당은 앤드루 잭슨 대통령의 지지자들을 중심으로 1828년에 처음 창당되었으며, 세계에서 가장 오래된 정당이라는 명예를 차지하고 있다. 민주당은 초기에는 작은 정부와 노예제를 지지했으며, 각 주의 독립성을 보장하기 위해 노력하였다. 하지만 프랭클린 루스벨트 대통령과 뉴딜 정책 이후, 민주당의 주 이념은 사회자유주의로 돌아섰으며, 주 지지자들도 흑인, 가톨릭 등 사회 비주류 인사들로 바뀌었다. 이후 1960년대부터 (과거와는 다르게) 남부 주들이 공화당을 지지하게 된 반면, 민주당은 해안가 대도시 거주자들 중심의 지지층을 확보해서, 여성, 성소수자, 밀레니얼 세대, 흑인, 라틴계, 무슬림, 아시아계 등이 되었다. Die Demokratische Partei (englisch Democratic Party; auch als Demokraten (englisch Democrats) oder kurz Dems bezeichnet) ist mit ca. 47 Millionen registrierten Anhängern neben der Republikanischen Partei die größere der beiden großen politischen Parteien in den Vereinigten Staaten. Ursprünglich eine Partei, die für Rassentrennung eintrat, gelten die Demokraten heute im Vergleich zu den Republikanern als (links-)liberaler, weniger konservativ und mehr am politischen Progressivismus orientiert. Ihr inoffizielles Wappentier ist der Esel, obwohl er im Gegensatz zum Elefanten der Republikaner nie offiziell als solches angenommen wurde. Sein Ursprung geht, ebenso wie der Elefant der Republikaner, auf den Karikaturisten Thomas Nast zurück. Die ebenfalls inoffizielle Parteifarbe der Demokraten ist Partia Demokratyczna (ang. Democratic Party) – jedna z dwóch głównych sił politycznych w Stanach Zjednoczonych, obok Partii Republikańskiej. Powstała w wyniku podziału Partii Demokratyczno-Republikańskiej około 1828 roku. Jest najstarszą funkcjonującą partią polityczną na świecie. Dominującym poglądem parlamentarzystów Partii Demokratycznej jest obecnie progresywizm (działacze ) i centrum (działacze ), a mniejszość stanowią konserwatyści. الحزب الديمقراطي (بالإنجليزية: Democratic Party)‏، أحد الحزبين السياسيين المعاصرين الرئيسيين في الولايات المتحدة إلى جانب نظيره الأول، الحزب الجمهوري. تأسس الحزب الديمقراطي الحالي، الذي ترجع أصوله إلى الحزب الجمهوري الديمقراطي بقيادة كل من توماس جيفرسون وجيمس ماديسون، في نحو عام 1828 على يد أنصار أندرو جاكسون، مما يجعله أقدم حزب سياسي في العالم. Демократи́чна па́ртія США (англ. Democratic Party, Democrats) — одна з двох головних партій США, що створюють двопартійну систему; іншою є її історичний суперник — Республіканська партія США. Є однією з найдавніших політичних партій у світі. Її неофіційний символ — осел (символ упертого подолання перешкод), її колір — синій. Засновниками партії вважаються Томас Джефферсон (вважається таким, що заклав основи партії у 1792) і Ендрю Джексон (перший президент США, вибраний як кандидат від цієї партії у 1828). Το Δημοκρατικό Κόμμα (αγγλικά: Democratic Party) είναι ένα από τα δύο μεγάλα σύγχρονα πολιτικά κόμματα στις Ηνωμένες Πολιτείες, μαζί με το Ρεπουμπλικανικό Κόμμα. Γενικότερα, στην σύγχρονη πολιτική περίοδο, το κόμμα, θεωρείται ως πιο φιλελεύθερο και προοδευτικό από το Ρεπουμπλικανικό. Η σοσιαλφιλελεύθερη πλατφόρμα του κόμματος θεωρείται ευρέως κεντροαριστερά στο πολιτικό φάσμα των ΗΠΑ, ενώ η γενικότερη ιδεολογία του κόμματος, θεωρείται από κάποιους κεντρώα και από άλλους φιλελευθερο-συντηρητική. Ceann den dá phriomhpháirtí i Meiriceá is ea an Páirtí Daonlathach. Sé an Páirtí Poblachtach an ceann eile. Is ball den pháirtí é Barack Obama, Iar-Uachtarán na Stát Aontaithe. Demokratická strana (anglicky: Democratic Party) je vedle Republikánské strany jedna ze dvou hlavních politických stran ve Spojených státech amerických. Stranu pod současným názvem založil kolem roku 1828 Andrew Jackson, ale kořeny strany sahají do roku 1792, kdy Thomas Jefferson, pozdější prezident USA, založil Demokraticko-republikánskou stranu. Podle těchto měřítek by byla Demokratická strana nejstarší politickou stranou světa. Z hlediska politických postojů jsou demokraté v USA považováni za středolevici, v Evropě jsou však považováni spíše za středovou stranu. Dosud měly Spojené státy americké celkem 16 prezidentů z Demokratické strany. El Partido Demócrata (en inglés, Democratic Party) es un partido político liberal moderno,​​ que junto con el Partido Republicano, es uno de los dos partidos más grandes de los Estados Unidos. Traza sus orígenes al Partido Demócrata-Republicano de Thomas Jefferson y James Madison. Fue fundado alrededor de 1828 por seguidores de Andrew Jackson, convirtiéndolo en el partido político activo más antiguo del mundo.​ Demokratiska partiet (engelska: Democratic Party) är ett politiskt parti i USA som formellt bildades ur Andrew Jacksons "demokratiska" falang av det gamla Republikanska partiet efter valet 1828. Från Thomas Jeffersons seger i presidentvalet 1800 var partiet helt dominant i amerikansk politik, med delstaternas självbestämmande som huvudpunkt på sitt program. Partiet splittrades av slavfrågan, med ett svårt nederlag som följd 1860, då republikanen Abraham Lincoln valdes till president. Partiet kom endast att behålla dominans i det segregerade södern, och fram till 1932 lyckades endast Grover Cleveland och Woodrow Wilson nå presidentposten. Med Wilson inträdde en mer radikal agenda, som fortsatte under Franklin D. Roosevelt och Harry S. Trumans ledning av regeringsmakten i Vita Huset 1932–195 El Partit Demòcrata (en anglès, Democratic Party) és un dels dos principals partits polítics contemporanis dels Estats Units, juntament amb el Partit Republicà, el seu principal rival. Hereu del Partit Demòcrata-Republicà de Thomas Jefferson i James Madison, el Partit Demòcrata va ser fundat cap al 1828 pels partidaris d'Andrew Jackson, cosa que el converteix en el partit polític en actiu més antic del món. El partit inclou una àmplia varietat de corrents ideològics, que van des del socialisme democràtic fins al conservadorisme moderat. De Democratische Partij (Engels: Democratic Party), is een van de twee belangrijkste politieke partijen in de Verenigde Staten. De andere is de Republikeinse Partij. De Democratische Partij werd in 1828 opgericht. In de 20e eeuw bracht de partij de presidenten Woodrow Wilson, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Harry S. Truman, John F. Kennedy, Lyndon B. Johnson, Jimmy Carter, Bill Clinton voort. In de 21e eeuw werden Barack Obama en Joe Biden president. De mascotte van de partij is traditioneel de ezel. Il Partito Democratico (in inglese Democratic Party) è un partito politico liberale statunitense, nonché uno dei due principali partiti del sistema politico statunitense insieme al Partito Repubblicano. Nel contesto politico statunitense odierno è considerato come il partito di centro-sinistra e della sinistra liberale (pur con le sue fazioni interne più conservatrici di centro e centro-destra e più socialdemocratiche di sinistra) in contrapposizione al Partito Repubblicano, che è invece diventato il partito della destra conservatrice, un'unione del liberalismo con il conservatorismo sociale e il tradizionalismo. The Democratic Party is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States. Founded in 1828, it was predominantly built by Martin Van Buren, who assembled a wide cadre of politicians in every state behind war hero Andrew Jackson, making it the world's oldest active political party. Its main political rival has been the Republican Party since the 1850s. The party is a big tent, and is less ideologically uniform than the Republican Party (with major individuals within it frequently holding widely differing political views) due to the broader list of unique voting blocs that compose it, though modern liberalism is the majority ideology in the party. O Partido Democrata (em inglês: Democratic Party) é um dos dois partidos majoritários do atual sistema bipartidário dos Estados Unidos, ao lado do Partido Republicano. Com origens que remontam ao Partido Democrata-Republicano (fundado em 1791 por Thomas Jefferson), o atual Partido Democrata foi fundado por volta de 1828, fazendo dele uma das mais antigas agremiações políticas ainda em atividade do mundo. Alderdi Demokrata (ingelesez Democratic Party) Estatu Batuetako bi alderdi nagusietako bat da. Gehiengoa dauka Estatu Batuetako Ordezkarien Etxean, baina ez Estatu Batuetako Senatuan. Estatu Batuetako politikako ezker-eskuin sailkapenean, gaurko egunez Alderdi Demokrata Alderdi Errepublikanoaren ezkerraldean kokatu ohi da, gai ekonomikoen nahiz gizarte gaien aldetik. Демократи́ческая па́ртия (англ. Democratic Party) — одна из двух крупнейших современных политических партий США, наряду с Республиканской партией. Является самой старой партией в США. Её неофициальный символ — осёл (символ упрямого преодоления препятствий и выносливости), неофициальный цвет — голубой. Придерживается в основном центристских и реже левоцентристских взглядов. 民主黨（英語：Democratic Party）是美国的一个政黨，與共和黨並列為美國兩大主要政黨。目前是美國聯邦執政黨，並擁有美国国会參議院及眾議院的多數黨地位，而該黨的州長多在东海岸的新英格兰和西海岸主政。 1828年第七任美國總統安德鲁·杰克逊創建民主黨，1848年成立民主黨全國委員會，為首任主席，但它的起源最早可以追溯至托马斯·杰斐逊於1792年創立的民主共和黨。 民主党在建立之初主要代表美国南部和中西部农场主的利益，主張民粹主義的農業主義。因此民主党在19世纪中期通过法案强制驱逐印第安人，发动美墨战争，获得大量土地以供农耕。在美国内战中则支持奴隶制以维护成型的农业体制。民主党在戰後长期获得南方各州的支持。20世纪初，民主党加入支持维护白人的工人权利，创建了联邦储备系统，并通过了反垄断法，限制大企業的壟斷。自從1930年代以來，富兰克林·德拉诺·罗斯福總統推行新政並稱之為美國的自由主義，此後“福利”就成為了民主黨的主要宣傳口號。 美國政治史上總計有16位民主黨總統。民主黨在2000年代之前的政策一直偏向於白人、藍領、工人階級和農民的利益；但在2000年後發生了巨大轉變，因為獲得東西岸及五大湖地區的大都會居民的選票，所以現在的民主黨更加照顧大企業、城市富裕階層、女性、LGBT、少数族裔（非、拉、亞、猶太）及邊緣族群的利益，力求建立平等型的福利國家。 民主党（みんしゅとう、英語: Democratic Party）は、アメリカ合衆国の政党。共和党と並んで、現代のアメリカの二大政党である。党のイメージカラーは青で、民主党が強い州を「青い州（Blue State）」と呼ぶ。党のシンボルはロバで、これは民主党の最初の大統領であるアンドリュー・ジャクソンが、選挙戦中に対立政党である国民共和党員から「ジャクソン」という名前から「ジャッカス＝ロバ（ノロマ、間抜けを意味する）」と揶揄されたのを逆手にとって自らのシンボルをロバにした事が起源だといわれている。 La Demokrata Partio estas unu el la du grandaj usonajpolitikaj partioj. La partio havas nuntempe la plejmulton en la Usona Domo de Reprezentantoj. Oni konsideras la partion iom pli liberala, eble iom pli maldekstreca ol la Respublikanan Partion, sed la diferenco ne estas granda laŭ kriterioj de la ĉefaj tendencoj en aliaj landoj. Ĝenerale la temo de la civitanaj rajtoj pli gravas por la Demokratia Partio. Le Parti démocrate est un parti politique américain qui s'oppose, dans le contexte du système bipartite, au Parti républicain. Il est l'une des plus grandes organisations politiques mondiales avec plus de 45 millions d'adhérents en 2020. À l'échelle internationale, le Parti démocrate est, depuis 2013, membre de l'Alliance progressiste qui regroupe l'ensemble des partis politiques progressistes, sociaux-démocrates et socialistes proche de l'Internationale socialiste. Il est dirigé par le Comité national démocrate. Partai Demokrat Amerika Serikat (bahasa Inggris: Democratic Party) adalah salah satu dari dua partai politik terbesar di Amerika Serikat; selain Partai Republik. Partai Demokrat berhaluan tengah kiri/demokrat sosial, walaupun kebijakan-kebijakannya tidak terlalu kiri dibandingkan dengan partai-partai buruh atau demokratis sosial di negara lain. Di Amerika Serikat , partai ini dikenal dengan partai yang lebih "liberal". Pada Pemilihan Umum Amerika Serikat tahun 2016, Partai Demokrat dikalahkan oleh Partai Republik dalam segala bidang, baik di kursi parlemen maupun pemilihan presiden.
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Voter's Guide/United States/Democratic Party
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Opinion about human causation of climate change increased substantially with education among Democrats, but not among Republicans. Conversely, opinions favoring becoming carbon neutral declined substantially with age among Republicans, but not among Democrats. 0001-01-19 dbr:Joe_Biden The sharp divide over the existence of and responsibility for global warming and climate change falls largely along political lines. Overall, 60% of those surveyed said oil and gas companies were "completely or mostly responsible" for climate change. dbr:Barack_Obama A broad range of policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions has been proposed. Democrats' support for such policies consistently exceeds that of Republicans. 2010.0 The donkey party logo remains a well-known symbol for the Democratic Party despite not being the official logo of the party.
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Barack Obama and Joe Biden, 44th and 46th presidents of the United States
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Martin Van Buren Andrew Jackson
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The Democratic Party is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States. Founded in 1828, it was predominantly built by Martin Van Buren, who assembled a wide cadre of politicians in every state behind war hero Andrew Jackson, making it the world's oldest active political party. Its main political rival has been the Republican Party since the 1850s. The party is a big tent, and is less ideologically uniform than the Republican Party (with major individuals within it frequently holding widely differing political views) due to the broader list of unique voting blocs that compose it, though modern liberalism is the majority ideology in the party. The historical predecessor of the Democratic Party is considered to be the Democratic-Republican Party. Before 1860, the Democratic Party supported expansive presidential power, the interests of slave states, agrarianism, and expansionism, while opposing a national bank and high tariffs. It split in 1860 over slavery and won the presidency only twice between 1860 and 1910. In the late 19th century, it continued to oppose high tariffs and had fierce internal debates on the gold standard. In the early 20th century, it supported progressive reforms and opposed imperialism, with Woodrow Wilson winning the White House in 1912 and 1916. Since Franklin D. Roosevelt and his New Deal coalition after 1932, the Democratic Party has promoted a social liberal platform, including Social Security and unemployment insurance. The New Deal attracted strong support for the party from recent European immigrants but caused a decline of the party's conservative pro-business wing. Following the Great Society era of progressive legislation under Lyndon B. Johnson, including Medicare, the Civil Rights Act of 1964, and the Voting Rights Act of 1965, the core bases of the parties shifted, with the Southern states becoming more reliably Republican and the Northeastern states becoming more reliably Democratic. The party's labor union element has become smaller since the 1970s, and as the American electorate shifted in a more conservative direction following Ronald Reagan's presidency, the election of Bill Clinton marked a move for the party toward the Third Way, adopting market-oriented economic policies and culturally liberal policies. Barack Obama was the first black President and saw the party evolve on gay marriage while passing health care reform. The Democratic Party's philosophy of modern American liberalism blends notions of civil liberty and social equality with support for a mixed capitalist economy. Corporate governance reform, environmental protection, support for organized labor, expansion of social programs, affordable college tuition, health care reform, equal opportunity, and consumer protection form the core of the party's economic agenda. On social issues, it advocates campaign finance reform, LGBT rights, criminal justice and immigration reform, stricter gun laws, abortion rights, and the legalization of marijuana. Since the early 2010s, the Democratic Party has shifted significantly to the left on social, cultural, and religious issues. Women, younger Americans, people who live in urban areas, and college graduates, as well as most racial, religious, and sexual minorities are more likely to support the Democratic Party. Since the 1980s, the party has seen increased support among college-educated whites and reduced support among members of the white working class. As of 2022, the party holds a federal government trifecta (the presidency and majorities in both the U.S. House and the U.S. Senate), as well as 22 state governorships, 17 state legislatures, and 14 state government trifectas. Three of the nine sitting U.S. Supreme Court justices were appointed by Democratic presidents. By registered members (in those states which permit or require registration by party affiliation), the Democratic Party is the largest party in the United States and the third largest in the world. Including the incumbent, Joe Biden, 16 Democrats have served as President of the United States. 民主党（みんしゅとう、英語: Democratic Party）は、アメリカ合衆国の政党。共和党と並んで、現代のアメリカの二大政党である。党のイメージカラーは青で、民主党が強い州を「青い州（Blue State）」と呼ぶ。党のシンボルはロバで、これは民主党の最初の大統領であるアンドリュー・ジャクソンが、選挙戦中に対立政党である国民共和党員から「ジャクソン」という名前から「ジャッカス＝ロバ（ノロマ、間抜けを意味する）」と揶揄されたのを逆手にとって自らのシンボルをロバにした事が起源だといわれている。 Demokratiska partiet (engelska: Democratic Party) är ett politiskt parti i USA som formellt bildades ur Andrew Jacksons "demokratiska" falang av det gamla Republikanska partiet efter valet 1828. Från Thomas Jeffersons seger i presidentvalet 1800 var partiet helt dominant i amerikansk politik, med delstaternas självbestämmande som huvudpunkt på sitt program. Partiet splittrades av slavfrågan, med ett svårt nederlag som följd 1860, då republikanen Abraham Lincoln valdes till president. Partiet kom endast att behålla dominans i det segregerade södern, och fram till 1932 lyckades endast Grover Cleveland och Woodrow Wilson nå presidentposten. Med Wilson inträdde en mer radikal agenda, som fortsatte under Franklin D. Roosevelt och Harry S. Trumans ledning av regeringsmakten i Vita Huset 1932–1952. Partiet vann åter valen 1960 och 1964 men besegrades av Richard Nixon 1968. Demokraterna vann åter 1976 då Jimmy Carter valdes till president. Carter besegrades dock av Ronald Reagan 1980, men Demokraterna återtog presidentposten i och med Bill Clintons valsegrar 1992 och 1996, varefter man åter förlorade 2000 och 2004, då republikanen George W. Bush vann presidentvalen. År 2008, då en ny president skulle väljas, vann demokraternas Barack Obama över republikanen John McCain och partiet återtog presidentposten samt stärkte sin position i kongressen. 2010 förlorades emellertid representanthuset till Republikanerna, vilket försvagat partiets åter dominanta ställning i amerikansk politik. Traditionellt sett har Sydstaterna varit partiets starka fäste, vilket delvis hävts på senare år. Detta till trots är Barack Obama och John F. Kennedy de enda demokrater som nått presidentposten efter kriget utan att kandidera för en före detta slavstat (som Harry S. Truman, Lyndon B. Johnson, Jimmy Carter och Bill Clinton). Kalifornien och New York är två större delstater som röstat demokratiskt i samtliga val sedan 1988. I Mellanvästern har partiet alltid varit svagt och vann större inbrytningar endast med William Jennings Bryan och Franklin D. Roosevelts valkampanjer. Genom registrerade medlemmar är det demokratiska partiet det största partiet i USA och det tredje största i världen. Partiets maskot, åsna, kommer från Andrew Jacksons presidentvalskampanj: hans politiska motståndare gav honom öknamnet "jackass". Jackson dock antog namnet och med hjälp av politiska karikatyrister blev åsnan en symbol av partiet. 民主黨（英語：Democratic Party）是美国的一个政黨，與共和黨並列為美國兩大主要政黨。目前是美國聯邦執政黨，並擁有美国国会參議院及眾議院的多數黨地位，而該黨的州長多在东海岸的新英格兰和西海岸主政。 1828年第七任美國總統安德鲁·杰克逊創建民主黨，1848年成立民主黨全國委員會，為首任主席，但它的起源最早可以追溯至托马斯·杰斐逊於1792年創立的民主共和黨。 民主党在建立之初主要代表美国南部和中西部农场主的利益，主張民粹主義的農業主義。因此民主党在19世纪中期通过法案强制驱逐印第安人，发动美墨战争，获得大量土地以供农耕。在美国内战中则支持奴隶制以维护成型的农业体制。民主党在戰後长期获得南方各州的支持。20世纪初，民主党加入支持维护白人的工人权利，创建了联邦储备系统，并通过了反垄断法，限制大企業的壟斷。自從1930年代以來，富兰克林·德拉诺·罗斯福總統推行新政並稱之為美國的自由主義，此後“福利”就成為了民主黨的主要宣傳口號。 1960年代的民權運動以及越戰導致在民主黨內部引發了對國外軍事干預的立場及國內政策嚴重分歧，這種分歧導致之後民主黨失去全國性的支配地位，但民主黨維持對國會兩院的控制權一邊進行改革，直至1995年（當中僅於1981－1987年失去參議院控制權）。比尔·克林顿1993年上台後，由於1995年起失去國會兩院控制權，民主黨轉走第三条道路的溫和中間路線，後繼續左傾。2007年民主黨奪回對國會兩院的控制權，2009年巴拉克·歐巴馬領導民主黨重新上台後，民主黨加強其進步主義路線。2011年失去眾議院控制權，2015年失去參議院控制權，2017年再度成為在野黨。2019年民主黨奪回對眾議院控制權，取得15個州的完全控制權（州長及州議會兩院）。2020年乔·拜登帶領民主黨贏得总统与国会兩院选举，這雙雙勝利使民主党拿回執政權及參議院控制權，恢复在联邦政府层级的完全执政，並產生美國首位女性副總統賀錦麗。 美國政治史上總計有16位民主黨總統。民主黨在2000年代之前的政策一直偏向於白人、藍領、工人階級和農民的利益；但在2000年後發生了巨大轉變，因為獲得東西岸及五大湖地區的大都會居民的選票，所以現在的民主黨更加照顧大企業、城市富裕階層、女性、LGBT、少数族裔（非、拉、亞、猶太）及邊緣族群的利益，力求建立平等型的福利國家。 민주당(民主黨, 영어: Democratic Party)은 공화당과 함께 미국의 양대 정당이다. 민주당의 역사는 토머스 제퍼슨 대통령의 민주공화당 시절까지 거슬러 올라가는데, 현 민주당은 앤드루 잭슨 대통령의 지지자들을 중심으로 1828년에 처음 창당되었으며, 세계에서 가장 오래된 정당이라는 명예를 차지하고 있다. 민주당은 초기에는 작은 정부와 노예제를 지지했으며, 각 주의 독립성을 보장하기 위해 노력하였다. 하지만 프랭클린 루스벨트 대통령과 뉴딜 정책 이후, 민주당의 주 이념은 사회자유주의로 돌아섰으며, 주 지지자들도 흑인, 가톨릭 등 사회 비주류 인사들로 바뀌었다. 이후 1960년대부터 (과거와는 다르게) 남부 주들이 공화당을 지지하게 된 반면, 민주당은 해안가 대도시 거주자들 중심의 지지층을 확보해서, 여성, 성소수자, 밀레니얼 세대, 흑인, 라틴계, 무슬림, 아시아계 등이 되었다. 민주당은 현대 자유주의와 사회적, 경제적 평등을 옹호하며, 복지 국가를 지향한다. 정부의 시장 간섭을 통하여 경제의 균형을 찾아야 한다고 강조하며, 노조의 권리를 보호하며 환경 친화 정책, 국가 규모의 의료 보험, 공정한 기회, 적정한 규모의 대학 입학금, 소비자 권리와 관련된 법들을 입법화시키기 위하여 노력하고 있다. 사회적인 문제들에서는 친이민 정책을 선호하며, 총기 규제 강화, 마리화나의 합법화 등을 주장한다. 민주당은 지금까지 현직 대통령 조 바이든을 포함 총 15명의 대통령을 배출했다. 첫째는 1829년에 당선된 7대 대통령 앤드루 잭슨이고, 2021년 기준 민주당이 배출한 마지막 대통령은 조 바이든이다. 2009년 1월 21일 당시 버락 오바마 대통령(행정부)의 지도 아래 상원에서 최소 58석, 하원 257석으로 입법부에서 다수당(2007년 당시 기준)을 차지하고 있었으며, 주지사도 28곳으로 모두 과반 이상을 점하고 있었으나, 2010년 중간 선거에서 여당 사상 최악으로 참패하여 주지사는 20명, 상원 의석은 53명, 하원 의석은 193명으로 줄었다. 2020년 기준으로 상원 의석은 45명(원내에서는 무소속 2명과의 연합으로 47석) 하원 의석은 232석이며 당의 상징은 당나귀이다. Ceann den dá phriomhpháirtí i Meiriceá is ea an Páirtí Daonlathach. Sé an Páirtí Poblachtach an ceann eile. Is ball den pháirtí é Barack Obama, Iar-Uachtarán na Stát Aontaithe. De Democratische Partij (Engels: Democratic Party), is een van de twee belangrijkste politieke partijen in de Verenigde Staten. De andere is de Republikeinse Partij. De Democratische Partij werd in 1828 opgericht. In de 20e eeuw bracht de partij de presidenten Woodrow Wilson, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Harry S. Truman, John F. Kennedy, Lyndon B. Johnson, Jimmy Carter, Bill Clinton voort. In de 21e eeuw werden Barack Obama en Joe Biden president. De mascotte van de partij is traditioneel de ezel. Το Δημοκρατικό Κόμμα (αγγλικά: Democratic Party) είναι ένα από τα δύο μεγάλα σύγχρονα πολιτικά κόμματα στις Ηνωμένες Πολιτείες, μαζί με το Ρεπουμπλικανικό Κόμμα. Γενικότερα, στην σύγχρονη πολιτική περίοδο, το κόμμα, θεωρείται ως πιο φιλελεύθερο και προοδευτικό από το Ρεπουμπλικανικό. Η σοσιαλφιλελεύθερη πλατφόρμα του κόμματος θεωρείται ευρέως κεντροαριστερά στο πολιτικό φάσμα των ΗΠΑ, ενώ η γενικότερη ιδεολογία του κόμματος, θεωρείται από κάποιους κεντρώα και από άλλους φιλελευθερο-συντηρητική. Το κόμμα, ιδρύθηκε το 1828 και έχει τη μακρότερη επίδοση συνεχούς λειτουργίας στις Ηνωμένες Πολιτείες ενώ είναι ταυτόχρονα, το παλαιότερο ενεργό πολιτικό κόμμα σε όλον τον κόσμο. Στο 117ο Κογκρέσο, που ακολούθησαν στις εκλογές του 2020 και στις επαναληπτικές εκλογές της 5ης Ιανουαρίου 2021, το Δημοκρατικό Κόμμα τρεχόντως κατέχει την πλειοψηφία στις έδρες στη Γερουσία, καθώς και την πλειοψηφία των εδρών της Βουλής των Αντιπροσώπων. Τρεχόντως επίσης, έχει τη μειοψηφία των πολιτειακών θέσεων κυβερνητών, καθώς επίσης τη μειοψηφία στα πολιτειακά νομοθετικά σώματα. Демократи́чна па́ртія США (англ. Democratic Party, Democrats) — одна з двох головних партій США, що створюють двопартійну систему; іншою є її історичний суперник — Республіканська партія США. Є однією з найдавніших політичних партій у світі. Її неофіційний символ — осел (символ упертого подолання перешкод), її колір — синій. Засновниками партії вважаються Томас Джефферсон (вважається таким, що заклав основи партії у 1792) і Ендрю Джексон (перший президент США, вибраний як кандидат від цієї партії у 1828). У 1828—1860 демократи домінували на політичній сцені США, іноді поступаючись владою вігам. Але з початку Громадянської війни (1861) і аж до 1912 правлячою партією практично завжди була заснована Авраамом Лінкольном Республіканська партія США; єдиний політик-демократ, що обирався в ці роки президентом, — Гровер Клівленд. У XX столітті Демократична партія знайшла друге дихання і дала таких видатних президентів, як Вільсон, Ф. Рузвельт і Кеннеді. Кінець XX століття і початок XXI, не зважаючи на два президентські терміни демократа Клінтона в 1993—2001 — це час нового відходу партії на другий план і переважання республіканців як в легіслатурах штатів, так і в Конгресі. Після виборів 2018 року, Демократична партія має більшість місць у Палаті представників і меншість у Сенаті, а також поступається республіканцям за кількістю губернаторів штатів і контрольованим законодавчим зборам штатів. Чинний Президент США, Джо Байден, є демократом. Partai Demokrat Amerika Serikat (bahasa Inggris: Democratic Party) adalah salah satu dari dua partai politik terbesar di Amerika Serikat; selain Partai Republik. Partai Demokrat berhaluan tengah kiri/demokrat sosial, walaupun kebijakan-kebijakannya tidak terlalu kiri dibandingkan dengan partai-partai buruh atau demokratis sosial di negara lain. Di Amerika Serikat , partai ini dikenal dengan partai yang lebih "liberal". Pada Pemilihan Umum Amerika Serikat tahun 2016, Partai Demokrat dikalahkan oleh Partai Republik dalam segala bidang, baik di kursi parlemen maupun pemilihan presiden. Namun, pada tahun 2019 di 116 kongres Partai Demokrat memenangkan kursi mayoritas di parlemen dan terpilihnya Nancy Pelosi sebagai Ketua Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Amerika Serikat. Partia Demokratyczna (ang. Democratic Party) – jedna z dwóch głównych sił politycznych w Stanach Zjednoczonych, obok Partii Republikańskiej. Powstała w wyniku podziału Partii Demokratyczno-Republikańskiej około 1828 roku. Jest najstarszą funkcjonującą partią polityczną na świecie. Dominującym światopoglądem w Partii Demokratycznej na samym początku był liberalizm klasyczny. W latach 90. XIX wieku, pod wpływem trzykrotnego kandydata na prezydenta, Williama Jenningsa Bryana, ekonomicznie partia przyjęła bardziej lewicowe poglądy. Od lat 30. XX wieku po sukcesie programu Nowy Ład prezydenta Franklina Delano Roosevelta partia promuje się jako platforma socjalliberalna popierająca sprawiedliwość społeczną i gospodarkę mieszaną. Współcześnie nurtem przewodnim w Partii Demokratycznej jest socjalliberalizm. Rozumiana jest przez to równość społeczna i ekonomiczna oraz opiekuńczość państwa. Gospodarka mieszana proponowana przez Partię Demokratyczną przewiduje istnienie sektora prywatnego, ale także regulacje i interwencje rządu w gospodarkę: pomoc społeczną, wsparcie dla związków zawodowych, powszechną służbę zdrowia, równość szans, ochronę konsumenta i ochronę środowiska. Dominującym poglądem parlamentarzystów Partii Demokratycznej jest obecnie progresywizm (działacze ) i centrum (działacze ), a mniejszość stanowią konserwatyści. Badania Pew Research Center z 2011 roku wykazały, że większość osób uprawnionych do głosowania w Stanach Zjednoczonych utożsamia Partię Demokratyczną z liberalizmem. Alderdi Demokrata (ingelesez Democratic Party) Estatu Batuetako bi alderdi nagusietako bat da. Gehiengoa dauka Estatu Batuetako Ordezkarien Etxean, baina ez Estatu Batuetako Senatuan. Estatu Batuetako politikako ezker-eskuin sailkapenean, gaurko egunez Alderdi Demokrata Alderdi Errepublikanoaren ezkerraldean kokatu ohi da, gai ekonomikoen nahiz gizarte gaien aldetik. الحزب الديمقراطي (بالإنجليزية: Democratic Party)‏، أحد الحزبين السياسيين المعاصرين الرئيسيين في الولايات المتحدة إلى جانب نظيره الأول، الحزب الجمهوري. تأسس الحزب الديمقراطي الحالي، الذي ترجع أصوله إلى الحزب الجمهوري الديمقراطي بقيادة كل من توماس جيفرسون وجيمس ماديسون، في نحو عام 1828 على يد أنصار أندرو جاكسون، مما يجعله أقدم حزب سياسي في العالم. قبل عام 1860، وقف الحزب بجانب مفهوم الحكومة المحددة وسيادة الولايات فيما عارض فكرة البنك الوطني والتعريفات الجمركية المرتفعة. وفي نهاية القرن التاسع عشر، استمر في معارضة التعريفات الجمركية المرتفعة وخاض مناقشات داخلية مريرة حول غطاء الذهب. وفي بداية القرن العشرين، بدأ الحزب بدعم الاصلاحات التقدمية ومعارضة الإمبريالية. فمنذ زمن فرانكلين روزفلت وتحالف الصفقة الجديدة في ثلاثينيات القرن التاسع عشر، شجع الحزب الديمقراطي على برنامج ليبرالي اجتماعي. وصولًا إلى القرن العشرين، كان للحزب جناحان أحدهما محافظ يؤيد الأعمال التجارية والآخر شعبوي محافظ يتمركز في الجنوب؛ ولكن في أعقاب الصفقة الجديدة، اضمحل الجناح المحافظ من الحزب بالكامل تقريبًا فيما عدا الجنوب. اجتذب تحالف الصفقة الجديدة في الفترة 1932 - 1964 دعمًا قويًا من الناخبين أصحاب الأصول الأوروبية الحديثة- العديد منهم كاثوليك يقيمون في المدن. بعد إقرار قانون الحقوق المدنية لعام 1964 وقانون حق التصويت لعام 1965، تحولت أسس الحزبين الجوهرية، إذ في السياسة الرئاسية فيما أصبحت الولايات الشمالية الشرقية تحظى بثقة ديمقراطية أكبر. ضعف عنصر النقابات العمالية الذي كان يتمتع بالسلطة ذات يوم بعد سبعينيات القرن العشرين، على الرغم من أن الطبقة العاملة تظل تشكل مكونًا مهمًا من مكونات القاعدة الديمقراطية. يميل أيضًا إلى دعم الحزب الديمقراطي الأشخاص الذين يعيشون في المناطق الحضرية، والنساء، وخريجي الجامعات، وجيل الألفية، فضلًا عن الأقليات العرقية والدينية والجنسية. تمزج فلسفة الليبرالية الحديثة التي ينتهجها الحزب الديمقراطي بين مفاهيم الحرية المدنية والمساواة الاجتماعية وبين دعم الاقتصاد المختلط. يتمتع الحزب في الكونغرس بأجنحة محافظة، وتقدمية، ووسطية. ويشكل إصلاح حوكمة الشركات، والحفاظ على البيئة، ونقابات العمّال المنظمة، والمحافظة على البرامج الاجتماعية وتوسيعها، ورسوم التعليم الجامعي المعقولة، وضمان الرعاية الصحية الشاملة، وتكافؤ الفرص، وقانون حماية المستهلك جوهر أجندة الحزب الاقتصادية. وفيما يتعلق بالقضايا الاجتماعية، فإنه يؤيد إصلاح تمويل الحملات الرئاسية، وحقوق المثليين، والعدالة الجنائية، وإصلاح سياسة الهجرة، وقوانين السلاح الأكثر صرامة، وحقوق الإجهاض، وتشريع الماريجوانا. شغل ستة عشر ديمقراطيًا منصب رئيس الولايات المتحدة. كان أولهم أندرو جاكسون، الرئيس السابع عشر الذي حكم في الفترة المحصورة بين 1829 و1837. وآخرهم هو الرئيس الحاليّ جو بايدن، وهو الرئيس السادس والأربعون في تاريخ البلاد والذي تولَّى المنصب في عام 2021. واعتبارًا من مطلع عام 2021، أصبح الحزب يتمتع بالأغلبية في مجلس الشيوخ الأمريكي، والأغلبية في مجلس النواب الأمريكي، وينتمي إليه معظم عُمَد المدن الكبرى، و23 من حكام الولايات، و18 مجلس ولاية تشريعي، و15 تريفيكتا ولاية حكومية (وهذا يشمل منصب الحاكم وكلا المجلسان التشريعيان). عيَّن الرؤساء الديمقراطيون ثلاثة من أصل تسعة قضاة حاليين في المحكمة العليا للولايات المتحدة. El Partido Demócrata (en inglés, Democratic Party) es un partido político liberal moderno,​​ que junto con el Partido Republicano, es uno de los dos partidos más grandes de los Estados Unidos. Traza sus orígenes al Partido Demócrata-Republicano de Thomas Jefferson y James Madison. Fue fundado alrededor de 1828 por seguidores de Andrew Jackson, convirtiéndolo en el partido político activo más antiguo del mundo.​ La filosofía del partido fue en sus inicios, el conservadurismo, siendo el populismo su característica principal en las zonas rurales del sur de los Estados Unidos.​​ Hasta bien entrado el siglo XX, el partido tenía alas conservadoras pronegocios y alas sureñas conservadoras-populistas. Gracias al New Deal, sin embargo, las facciones conservadoras del partido se extinguieron fuera del Sur. La «Coalición del New Deal» (desde 1932 hasta 1964), que introdujo posturas socialdemócratas, atrajo un fuerte apoyo de votantes con orígenes europeos recientes, muchos de los cuales eran católicos, de clase trabajadora, que habitaban en las grandes ciudades.​​​ Después del apoyo demócrata a la lucha por la igualdad racial de la década de 1960, la mayor parte de los sureños blancos y católicos del norte mudaron sus votos al Partido Republicano más conservador. El Partido Demócrata se volvió más pequeño en los años setenta. Evangélicos caucásicos y sureños, se volvieron republicanos a nivel local y estatal desde los años noventa. Las personas que habitan áreas metropolitanas, mujeres, minorías sexuales, milenials, graduados universitarios y minorías raciales y étnicas​​ tienden a apoyar al Partido Demócrata mucho más de lo que apoyan al Partido Republicano rival. La filosofía del Partido Demócrata, el liberalismo moderno, aboga por la igualdad social junto con un moderado estado del bienestar.​​ Sin embargo, dentro del partido se encuentran diferentes filosofías, como la socialdemócrata encabezada por Bernie Sanders.​ Políticas como la introducción de algunos programas sociales, el apoyo a los sindicatos, una matrícula universitaria asequible, programas de atención médica universal, igualdad de oportunidades, protección del consumidor y del medio ambiente constituyen el núcleo de la política económica del partido.​​ En cuestiones sociales, el partido apoya los derechos reproductivos, los derechos LGBT, la reforma migratoria, la reforma de financiación de campañas, el control de armas y en menor grado, la legalización de la marihuana. Quince demócratas se han desempeñado como presidente de los Estados Unidos. El primero fue Andrew Jackson, quien fue el séptimo presidente y sirvió de 1829 a 1837. El más reciente fue Barack Obama, quien fue el 44º y ocupó el cargo de 2009 a 2017. En las elecciones presidenciales de Estados Unidos de 2020, el demócrata Joe Biden se convirtió en el presidente electo de los Estados Unidos; asumió el cargo de presidente número 46 el 20 de enero de 2021. A principios de 2021, el partido tiene la mayoría en la Cámara de Representantes de EE. UU., la alcaldía de la mayoría de las ciudades importantes, 23 gobernaciones estatales, 18 legislaturas estatales y 15 de gobiernos estatales (gobernación y ambas cámaras legislativas). Tres de los nueve jueces en funciones de la Corte Suprema de Estados Unidos fueron nombrados por presidentes demócratas. O Partido Democrata (em inglês: Democratic Party) é um dos dois partidos majoritários do atual sistema bipartidário dos Estados Unidos, ao lado do Partido Republicano. Com origens que remontam ao Partido Democrata-Republicano (fundado em 1791 por Thomas Jefferson), o atual Partido Democrata foi fundado por volta de 1828, fazendo dele uma das mais antigas agremiações políticas ainda em atividade do mundo. Desde a década de 1930, o partido adota uma linha política de centro-esquerda, com um plataforma voltada para o liberalismo social, defendendo politicas de economia mista e justiça social. O partido adota uma visão moderna do liberalismo americano que defende igualdade social e econômica, junto com o chamado Estado de bem-estar social. O Partido Democrata também advoga mais participação do governo em questões econômicas na forma de melhores regulamentações do mercado. Estas visões, junto com a defesa do sistema universal de saúde, apoio a sindicatos, programas de assistência social, oportunidades iguais, proteção do consumidor e preservação ambiental, formam a plataforma ideológica do partido. Atualmente, a base eleitoral e política do Partido Democrata é composta basicamente por progressistas e centristas, com uma pequena parcela de democratas conservadores. Cerca de dezesseis Democratas serviram como Presidente: o primeiro sendo Andrew Jackson, que serviu de 1829 a 1837, e o último e atual sendo Joe Biden, que assumiu em 2021. Após as eleições de 2020, os Democratas são o principal partido no governo dos Estados Unidos, sendo maioria no Senado e na Câmara dos Representantes, mas retendo menos governadores (23 de 50) e legislaturas estaduais (18 de 50) do que os Republicanos; porém ainda se conservam como a principal força política nas maiores cidades do país, como Boston, Chicago, Los Angeles, Filadélfia, Nova Iorque, São Francisco, Seattle e Washington, D.C. Le Parti démocrate est un parti politique américain qui s'oppose, dans le contexte du système bipartite, au Parti républicain. Il est l'une des plus grandes organisations politiques mondiales avec plus de 45 millions d'adhérents en 2020. Le Parti démocrate conçoit la société américaine comme une union des communautés de citoyens. Il veut assurer la protection égale de leurs droits particuliers, notamment pour les moins puissants. Il est donc traditionnellement la « grande tente » dans laquelle les minorités se retrouvent, qu'elles soient ethniques (Afro-Américains depuis le New Deal, Hispaniques et Latino-Américains, Asio-Américains), religieuses (catholiques, musulmans et juifs) ou sociologiques (intellectuels, artistes). Son principal adversaire, le Parti républicain, est considéré a contrario comme un parti White Anglo-Saxon Protestant visant à imposer la force de l'Union par le respect des valeurs centrales qui permettent la réussite des meilleurs, proche des milieux d'affaires et financiers, soutenu par les professions libérales et les entrepreneurs. Le Parti démocrate est issu de la scission du Parti républicain-démocrate fondé par Thomas Jefferson en 1792. Doyen des partis américains et mondiaux, il est à l'origine un parti anti-fédéraliste défendant la liberté des États face au pouvoir fédéral, et celle des propriétaires individuels face aux intérêts bancaires et industriels. À l'époque de la Guerre de Sécession, il défend également l'esclavage face au Parti républicain de Lincoln, abolitionniste. Il évolue nationalement vers une vision moins conservatrice et moins méfiante du pouvoir fédéral dès les années 1890, et plus nettement dans les années 1930 avec le président Franklin Delano Roosevelt, en valorisant le rôle de l'État dans la protection des minorités. Dans les années 1960 et 1970, il s'inscrit à gauche sous l'impulsion des sénateurs Hubert Humphrey, George McGovern ou Edward Moore Kennedy, puis se place vers le centre sous les mandats de Jimmy Carter et Bill Clinton avant de se réorienter à gauche sous la présidence de Barack Obama avec l'influence de Bernie Sanders, Elizabeth Warren, Jesse Jackson, Keith Ellison et Nancy Pelosi. Le 46e président des États-Unis Joe Biden, élu en 2020, et sa vice-présidente Kamala Harris, première femme à occuper cette fonction, sont issus du parti démocrate. À l'échelle internationale, le Parti démocrate est, depuis 2013, membre de l'Alliance progressiste qui regroupe l'ensemble des partis politiques progressistes, sociaux-démocrates et socialistes proche de l'Internationale socialiste. Il est dirigé par le Comité national démocrate. Demokratická strana (anglicky: Democratic Party) je vedle Republikánské strany jedna ze dvou hlavních politických stran ve Spojených státech amerických. Stranu pod současným názvem založil kolem roku 1828 Andrew Jackson, ale kořeny strany sahají do roku 1792, kdy Thomas Jefferson, pozdější prezident USA, založil Demokraticko-republikánskou stranu. Podle těchto měřítek by byla Demokratická strana nejstarší politickou stranou světa. Z hlediska politických postojů jsou demokraté v USA považováni za středolevici, v Evropě jsou však považováni spíše za středovou stranu. Dosud měly Spojené státy americké celkem 16 prezidentů z Demokratické strany. Die Demokratische Partei (englisch Democratic Party; auch als Demokraten (englisch Democrats) oder kurz Dems bezeichnet) ist mit ca. 47 Millionen registrierten Anhängern neben der Republikanischen Partei die größere der beiden großen politischen Parteien in den Vereinigten Staaten. Ursprünglich eine Partei, die für Rassentrennung eintrat, gelten die Demokraten heute im Vergleich zu den Republikanern als (links-)liberaler, weniger konservativ und mehr am politischen Progressivismus orientiert. Ihr inoffizielles Wappentier ist der Esel, obwohl er im Gegensatz zum Elefanten der Republikaner nie offiziell als solches angenommen wurde. Sein Ursprung geht, ebenso wie der Elefant der Republikaner, auf den Karikaturisten Thomas Nast zurück. Die ebenfalls inoffizielle Parteifarbe der Demokraten ist blau. In TV-Sendungen oder Medienberichten werden Senatoren und Parteimitglieder der Demokratischen Partei meistens mit einem „(D)“ hinter ihrem Namen dargestellt. Die Demokraten sind die älteste noch bestehende politische Partei der Welt. Die Ursprünge der Partei gehen auf Thomas Jefferson und das Jahr 1792 zurück, als sich die linke Demokratisch-Republikanische Partei bildete. Nach deren Auflösung wanderten viele Unterstützer ebendieser zu der 1828 gegründeten Demokratischen Partei, die unter Andrew Jackson zu einer Massenpartei wurde. Die Demokraten, vor allem die südlichen, standen für den Erhalt der Sklaverei und waren Gegner der Politik Abraham Lincolns. Nach einer jahrzehntelangen Krise, nur zwei siegreichen Präsidentschaftswahlen zwischen 1860 und 1910, entwickelte sich die Partei zu Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts zu einem ideologisch wenig kohärenten Zusammenschluss von progressiven Politikern in den Großstädten des Nordens, die vor allem Arbeiter und Einwanderer ansprachen, und von konservativen Südstaatlern, welche die bestehende Ordnung verteidigten. Während der Präsidentschaft Woodrow Wilsons (1913–1921) und insbesondere durch die Reformen des New Deal (1933–1938) wurden die Demokraten mehr und mehr mit einer progressiven Sozialpolitik identifiziert im Gegensatz zum Wirtschaftsliberalismus der Republikaner. Nach dem Parteitag von 1948, als viele zumeist aus den Südstaaten stammende Vertreter einer Rassentrennung die Partei im Streit verließen, waren die Demokraten seit den 1960er Jahren führend in der Realisierung von Forderungen der Bürgerrechtsbewegung, der Aufhebung der Rassentrennung und der Gleichstellung von Minderheiten: Die Partei wandte sich zunehmend sozialliberalen Ideen zu. Da die Republikaner spätestens seit 1964 ihrerseits weiter nach rechts rückten, stellen die beiden Parteien nun eindeutig die beiden Pole in einem Rechts-Links-Spektrum dar. Wie Parteien in den Vereinigten Staaten allgemein, sind die Demokraten wesentlich anders organisiert als europäische Parteien. So werden Bezirksvorstände, je nach Bundesstaat, zum Teil durch die allgemeine Wahlbevölkerung in Vorwahlen und nicht etwa durch Parteimitglieder allein gewählt. Wichtigstes Organ für die Gesamtpartei ist das Democratic National Committee (DNC, „Demokratisches Nationalkomitee“), das auch die Democratic National Convention (den vierjährlich zur Kür des jeweiligen Präsidentschaftskandidaten stattfindenden Parteitag) veranstaltet; derzeitiger Vorsitzender des DNC ist Jaime Harrison. In sieben der letzten acht Präsidentschaftswahlen gewannen die demokratischen Kandidaten die Mehrheit der abgegebenen Stimmen (Popular Vote); nur 2004 bildete eine Ausnahme. Mit Joe Biden stellt die Partei seit 2021 den 46. US-Präsidenten. Bei den Kongresswahlen im November 2020 konnten die Demokraten ihre 2010 verlorene und 2018 wiedererlangte Mehrheit im Repräsentantenhaus verteidigen, haben sie aber bei den Kongresswahlen 2022 wieder an die Republikaner verloren. Auch im Senat verfügt die demokratische Fraktion seit Anfang 2021 wieder über eine Mehrheit, nachdem sie sie 2015 verloren hatte. Демократи́ческая па́ртия (англ. Democratic Party) — одна из двух крупнейших современных политических партий США, наряду с Республиканской партией. Является самой старой партией в США. Её неофициальный символ — осёл (символ упрямого преодоления препятствий и выносливости), неофициальный цвет — голубой. Придерживается в основном центристских и реже левоцентристских взглядов. Начиная с 1930-х годов, партия занимает социально-либеральные, реформистские и прогрессивистские позиции, объединяя в своих рядах реформистов, прогрессивистов, современных либералов (в американском понимании) и центристов. В результате смещения Демократической партии в сторону велферизма, реформизма и прогрессивизма, произошедшего в 1930-х—1960-х годах, изменилась и география поддержки демократов. Если во второй половине XIX — первой половине XX века партия наибольшим влиянием пользовалась на юго-востоке США, в настоящее время она наиболее сильна на северо-востоке (Средне-Атлантические штаты и Новая Англия), в районе Великих озёр и на Тихоокеанском побережье (включая Гавайи), а также в крупных городах независимо от региона. По количеству зарегистрированных членов (в тех штатах, где разрешена или требуется регистрация по партийной принадлежности) Демократическая партия является крупнейшей партией в США и третьей по величине в мире. 46-й президент США Джо Байден является шестнадцатым демократом, занимавшим эту должность. По итогам выборов 2020 года Демократическая партия заняла большинство мест как в сенате (51 место, включая вице-президента), так и в Палате представителей. El Partit Demòcrata (en anglès, Democratic Party) és un dels dos principals partits polítics contemporanis dels Estats Units, juntament amb el Partit Republicà, el seu principal rival. Hereu del Partit Demòcrata-Republicà de Thomas Jefferson i James Madison, el Partit Demòcrata va ser fundat cap al 1828 pels partidaris d'Andrew Jackson, cosa que el converteix en el partit polític en actiu més antic del món. El partit inclou una àmplia varietat de corrents ideològics, que van des del socialisme democràtic fins al conservadorisme moderat. Il Partito Democratico (in inglese Democratic Party) è un partito politico liberale statunitense, nonché uno dei due principali partiti del sistema politico statunitense insieme al Partito Repubblicano. Nel contesto politico statunitense odierno è considerato come il partito di centro-sinistra e della sinistra liberale (pur con le sue fazioni interne più conservatrici di centro e centro-destra e più socialdemocratiche di sinistra) in contrapposizione al Partito Repubblicano, che è invece diventato il partito della destra conservatrice, un'unione del liberalismo con il conservatorismo sociale e il tradizionalismo. Nel Congresso in carica il Partito Democratico detiene la maggioranza alla Camera dei rappresentanti (riconquistata nel 2018 dopo averla persa nel 2010); al Senato ha 50 senatori, come i Repubblicani, ma detiene la maggioranza grazie al voto che può esprimere la vicepresidente Kamala Harris. Il presidente degli Stati Uniti, Joe Biden, è democratico. Fondato col nome moderno nel 1828 dai sostenitori di Andrew Jackson, il Partito Democratico è il più antico del mondo tra quelli attivi, originando dal Partito Democratico-Repubblicano fondato da Thomas Jefferson, James Madison e altri influenti anti-Federalisti nel 1792. Dopo la spaccatura dei Democratici-Repubblicani nel 1828 si è posizionato alla destra dei centristi Whig, partito predecessore del Partito Repubblicano, che si può considerare con termini odierni di sinistra per quanto riguarda la questione della schiavitù. Il Partito Democratico dominò la politica statunitense dagli anni 1840 fino agli anni 1860, quando prese il sopravvento il recente Partito Repubblicano, formato nel 1854 da ex esponenti dei Whig e del Suolo Libero nonché da militanti di preesistenti movimenti antischiavisti, per contrastare la temuta espansione a ovest del sistema schiavistico degli Stati meridionali, dominati dai Democratici. L'elezione del Repubblicano Abraham Lincoln nel 1860 portò a una cruenta guerra civile tra i Democratici secessionisti schiavisti sudisti che formarono gli Stati Confederati d'America e i Repubblicani, che erano a favore dell'Unione. Ciò causò diversi dissidi interni al partito, con fazioni in favore dell'Unione e fazioni schiaviste intransigenti (già alle elezioni presidenziali del 1860 vinte da Lincoln i Democratici proposero due candidati, uno del nord e uno del sud). Il Democratico Andrew Johnson, favorevole all'Unione, fu scelto come vicepresidente da Lincoln per le elezioni presidenziali del 1864, con i due che si presentarono insieme come il così da favorire il consenso dei Democratici che non avrebbero votato per un duo Repubblicano, mentre i Democratici presentarono il generale filo-sudista George B. McClellan. Il Proclama di emancipazione abolì la schiavitù, ma Lincoln fu assassinato nel 1865 e Johnson prese il suo posto. Ciò causò tensioni con i Repubblicani, soprattutto alla fazione più radicale in fatto di diritti civili per gli ex schiavi afroamericani. Durante l'era della ricostruzione i Democratici cercarono di bloccare l'emancipazione civile e politica degli afroamericani, soprattutto nel Sud, riuscendoci nel 1877 come parte di un accordo bilaterale per eleggere il Repubblicano Rutherford B. Hayes alla carica di presidente a seguito delle controverse elezioni presidenziali del 1876. I Democratici presero di nuovo il controllo degli Stati del Sud, tenendo una politica segregazionista. Nonostante la questione schiavista, il Partito Democratico proponeva certe politiche egalitarie, era a favore della democrazia e si proclamava partito della gente comune. Si spostò più a sinistra nelle questioni economiche dopo la vittoria dell'ala populista di William Jennings Bryan nel 1896 e con il New Deal («nuovo corso»), conservando tuttavia nelle proprie fila fino agli anni 1980 molti Democratici conservatori e populisti degli Stati meridionali ancora favorevoli alla segregazione razziale. Il supporto dei sudisti favorevoli a politiche economiche di sinistra fu importante nell'attuazione del New Deal di Franklin Delano Roosevelt. La filosofia attivista a favore della classe lavoratrice di Roosevelt ha infatti rappresentato gran parte del programma del partito sin dal 1932. A partire dal 1948, con la desegregazione delle Forze armate statunitensi attuata dal presidente Harry S. Truman, i Democratici si sono spostati a sinistra anche sulle questioni sociali. L'azione a favore dei diritti civili della presidenza di Lyndon Johnson negli anni 1960 ruppe la fedeltà di partito dei Democratici del sud, ancora segregazionisti, che iniziarono ad abbandonare il partito per votare Repubblicano a livello nazionale a partire dalle elezioni presidenziali del 1968, continuando a votare Democratico per le elezioni locali fino agli anni 1980. Dagli anni 1970 l'ambientalismo è diventato una importante corrente nel partito. A partire dagli anni 1990 i Democratici hanno approvato il programma di Bill Clinton della centrista terza via, cui anche il presidente Barack Obama ha aderito come Nuovo Democratico. Sulle questioni di politica estera entrambi i partiti, Democratici e Repubblicani, hanno cambiato diverse volte le rispettive politiche. Inizialmente promotori del destino manifesto e dell'espansione a ovest, i Democratici sono diventati anti-imperialisti e isolazionisti sotto la presidenza di Grover Cleveland (liberista) e poi interventisti e internazionalisti a partire dalla presidenza di Thomas Woodrow Wilson (liberal-progressista). Durante la guerra fredda furono promotori dell'anticomunismo, ma avversari dell'ultraconservatore Repubblicano Joseph McCarthy. Molti attivisti Democratici si opposero alla guerra del Vietnam, alienati dal crescente militarismo e promotori della controcultura e della nuova sinistra. Da allora il partito è diventato più pragmatico, aperto al multilateralismo; in tema di guerra, i Democratici approvarono l'interventismo in Jugoslavia negli anni 1990 e quello in Medio Oriente negli anni 2010, ma rigettarono in gran parte la guerra in Iraq a inizi anni 2000. La Demokrata Partio estas unu el la du grandaj usonajpolitikaj partioj. La partio havas nuntempe la plejmulton en la Usona Domo de Reprezentantoj. Oni konsideras la partion iom pli liberala, eble iom pli maldekstreca ol la Respublikanan Partion, sed la diferenco ne estas granda laŭ kriterioj de la ĉefaj tendencoj en aliaj landoj. Ĝenerale la temo de la civitanaj rajtoj pli gravas por la Demokratia Partio. La maskotbesto de la partio estas azeno. Ĝi aperis unuafoje kiel simbolo en la prezidenta kampanjo de Andrew Jackson en 1828. Malamikoj de Jackson nomis lin jackass, tio estas virazeno (en alia senco azena homo), sed Jackson returnis la atakon: li metis la tre laborkapablan, fortvolan beston sur la afiŝoj. Tutlande disvastiĝis la simbolo, kiam humuristo uzis la demokratan azenon en siaj mokdesegnaĵoj.
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Democratic Party
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