. . . "Nello studio delle turbomacchine, il grado di reazione \u00E8 un parametro adimensionale definito come il rapporto fra il salto di entalpia (e quindi, in ipotesi di isoentropicit\u00E0, di pressione) nella sola parte rotorica e quello totale di un intero stadio della turbomacchina. Indica quindi la ripartizione di tale salto tra la parte fissa e quella mobile. all'ingresso e all'uscita di una paletta rotorica di turbina ad azione Pu\u00F2 anche essere calcolato a partire dalle velocit\u00E0 ottenute dai , e in questo caso prende il nome di grado di reazione cinematico, anche se tale definizione \u00E8 meno rigorosa della precedente, in quanto per stadi di turbina ad azione \"reali\" pu\u00F2 dare valori di R leggermente minori di zero. Rimanendo nel caso ideale, definendo in questo caso le velocit\u00E0 assolute del fluido, le velocit\u00E0 relative e la velocit\u00E0 di trascinamento rotorica, ed assegnando gli indici 1 e 2 rispettivamente per l'ingresso e l'uscita della parte rotorica, il grado di reazione cinematico assume la forma: Questo perch\u00E9 sul rotore si conserva la Rotalpia, definita come: , quindi con ,da cui avremo: . Sullo statore, invece, si conserva l'Entalpia totale. Assumendo che le velocit\u00E0 assolute in ingresso ed in uscita dallo stadio siano uguali, si ottiene: Quindi, sostituendo nella definizione di grado di reazione otteniamo: che in caso di turbina assiale, assume la forma semplificata:"@it . "El grado de reacci\u00F3n de las turbom\u00E1quinas es la relaci\u00F3n entre la diferencia en la altura de presi\u00F3n dentro del rotor y la diferencia de energ\u00EDa en el mismo. Esta definici\u00F3n se aplica tanto para m\u00E1quinas generadoras (bombas) como para m\u00E1quinas receptoras (turbinas), aunque en el primer caso la m\u00E1quina proporciona altura de presi\u00F3n y en el segundo caso la recibe."@es . . "Reaktionsgrad"@de . "10353"^^ . "\u062F\u0631\u062C\u0629 \u0631\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062C\u0644\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0629:Degree of reaction) \u0647\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062D\u062A\u0648\u064A \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064A (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062B\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064A) \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0627\u0628\u062A \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0648\u0627\u0631 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062C\u0644\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0629:Rotor static enthalpy) \u0625\u0644\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062D\u062A\u0648\u064A \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064A \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062D\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064A\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u062D\u064A\u062B \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062D\u0644\u0629 \u062A\u062A\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0627\u0628\u062A + \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u062D\u0631\u0643). \u0648\u062A\u0639\u062A\u0628\u0631 \u062F\u0631\u062C\u0629 \u0631\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064A \u062A\u0635\u0645\u064A\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0631\u0628\u064A\u0646\u0627\u062A \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0627\u063A\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064A\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064B\u0627 \u062D\u064A\u062B \u062A\u062D\u062F\u062F \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629."@ar . . . . . "Grado di reazione"@it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "35745858"^^ . . . . . "\u062F\u0631\u062C\u0629 \u0631\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062C\u0644\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0629:Degree of reaction) \u0647\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062D\u062A\u0648\u064A \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064A (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062B\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064A) \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0627\u0628\u062A \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0648\u0627\u0631 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062C\u0644\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0629:Rotor static enthalpy) \u0625\u0644\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062D\u062A\u0648\u064A \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064A \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062D\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064A\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u062D\u064A\u062B \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062D\u0644\u0629 \u062A\u062A\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0627\u0628\u062A + \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u062D\u0631\u0643). \u0648\u062A\u0639\u062A\u0628\u0631 \u062F\u0631\u062C\u0629 \u0631\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064A \u062A\u0635\u0645\u064A\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0631\u0628\u064A\u0646\u0627\u062A \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0627\u063A\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064A\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064B\u0627 \u062D\u064A\u062B \u062A\u062D\u062F\u062F \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629."@ar . . . "Reakcyjno\u015B\u0107"@pl . . . "Der Reaktionsgrad r bezeichnet das Verh\u00E4ltnis der Enthalpie, die im L\u00E4ufer umgesetzt wird, zur gesamten in der Str\u00F6mungsmaschine umgesetzten Enthalpie. Der Reaktionsgrad kann sowohl von einer ganzen Str\u00F6mungsmaschine, wie auch von einzelnen Stufen einer mehrstufigen Str\u00F6mungsmaschine, angegeben werden."@de . . . . . "\u53CD\u52A8\u5EA6"@zh . . . . . . . "Reakcyjno\u015B\u0107 stopnia \u2013 dowolnej maszyny przep\u0142ywowej m\u00F3wi o przemianach energetycznych i termodynamicznych zachodz\u0105cych w i w (w stopniu maszyny przep\u0142ywowej). W stopniu turbiny \u2013 jest to stosunek spadku entalpii w wie\u0144cu wirnikowym do spadku entalpii w ca\u0142ym stopniu, w przypadku rozpr\u0119\u017Cania czynnika wed\u0142ug adiabaty odwracalnej (czyli beztarciowo). W stopniu spr\u0119\u017Carki jest to stosunek przyrostu entalpii w wirniku do przyrostu entalpii w ca\u0142ym stopniu. Reakcyjno\u015B\u0107 ilo\u015Bciowo opisywana jest tzw. stopniem reakcyjno\u015Bci \u2013 dla stopnia turbiny definiowanym nast\u0119puj\u0105co: gdzie: \u2013 izentropowy spadek entalpii w wie\u0144cu wirnikowym, w [kJ/kg], \u2013 izentropowy spadek entalpii w wie\u0144cu kierowniczym, w [kJ/kg], \u2013 izentropowy spadek entalpii w ca\u0142ym stopniu, w [kJ/kg]. Je\u015Bli reakcyjno\u015B\u0107 stopnia turbiny to w wirniku nie nast\u0119puje spadek entalpii, a ci\u015Bnienia na wlocie i wylocie wirnika s\u0105 jednakowe. Ca\u0142y spadek entalpii realizowany jest w wie\u0144cu kierowniczym. Cz\u0119\u015B\u0107 entalpii czynnika zamieniana jest w nim na energi\u0119 kinetyczn\u0105, kt\u00F3ra w wie\u0144cu wirnikowym zamieniana jest z kolei na energi\u0119 mechaniczn\u0105. Je\u015Bli (stopie\u0144 reakcyjny), to wyst\u0119puje rozpr\u0119\u017Canie (a jednocze\u015Bnie i spadek entalpii) czynnika zar\u00F3wno w kierownicy, jak i wirniku. Poniewa\u017C w wirniku stopnia turbiny o zerowej reakcyjno\u015Bci nie nast\u0119puje spadek ci\u015Bnienia i entalpii, wi\u0119c kana\u0142y mi\u0119dzy\u0142opatkowe wirnika w takim przypadku maj\u0105 niezmienny na d\u0142ugo\u015Bci przekr\u00F3j poprzeczny. Dla kana\u0142y mi\u0119dzy\u0142opatkowe wirnika s\u0105 zbie\u017Cne, wi\u0119c ich przekr\u00F3j poprzeczny maleje (konfuzory). Straty wywo\u0142ane lepko\u015Bci\u0105 przep\u0142ywaj\u0105cego czynnika s\u0105 najmniejsze dla kana\u0142\u00F3w zbie\u017Cnych, dlatego nie stosuje si\u0119 obecnie kana\u0142\u00F3w o niezmiennym przekroju Wprowadza si\u0119 pewn\u0105 niewielk\u0105 reakcyjno\u015B\u0107 na poziomie kilku do kilkunastu procent, co nieznacznie obni\u017Ca straty. Umownie przyjmuje si\u0119, \u017Ce stopie\u0144 turbiny o wsp\u00F3\u0142czynniku reakcyjno\u015Bci jest uwa\u017Cany jeszcze za stopie\u0144 akcyjny, ale granica mi\u0119dzy stopniami (i turbinami jednocze\u015Bnie) akcyjnymi i reakcyjnymi jest p\u0142ynna. Obecnie produkowane s\u0105 zar\u00F3wno turbiny akcyjne, jak i reakcyjne. Jedne i drugie maj\u0105 swoje wady i zalety, i nie mo\u017Cna jednoznacznie powiedzie\u0107, kt\u00F3re z nich s\u0105 lepsze."@pl . . . . . . . . "\u062F\u0631\u062C\u0629 \u0631\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644"@ar . . . "In turbomachinery, degree of reaction or reaction ratio (R) is defined as the ratio of the static pressure rise in the rotating blades of a compressor (or drop in turbine blades) to the static pressure rise in the compressor stage (or drop in a turbine stage). Alternatively it is the ratio of static enthalpy change in the rotor to the static enthalpy change in the stage. Degree of reaction (R) is an important factor in designing the blades of a turbine, compressors, pumps and other turbo-machinery. Various definitions exist in terms of enthalpies, pressures or flow geometry of the device. In case of turbines, both impulse and reaction machines, Degree of reaction (R) is defined as the ratio of energy transfer by the change in static head to the total energy transfer in the rotor i.e. . For a gas turbine or compressor it is defined as the ratio of isentropic heat drop in the moving blades (i.e. the rotor) to the sum of the isentropic heat drops in the fixed blades (i.e. the stator) and the moving blades i.e. . In pumps, degree of reaction deals in static and dynamic head. Degree of reaction is defined as the fraction of energy transfer by change in static head to the total energy transfer in the rotor i.e. ."@en . . . . . . . "Degree of reaction"@en . "1113668504"^^ . . . . . "El grado de reacci\u00F3n de las turbom\u00E1quinas es la relaci\u00F3n entre la diferencia en la altura de presi\u00F3n dentro del rotor y la diferencia de energ\u00EDa en el mismo. Esta definici\u00F3n se aplica tanto para m\u00E1quinas generadoras (bombas) como para m\u00E1quinas receptoras (turbinas), aunque en el primer caso la m\u00E1quina proporciona altura de presi\u00F3n y en el segundo caso la recibe."@es . . . . . "In turbomachinery, degree of reaction or reaction ratio (R) is defined as the ratio of the static pressure rise in the rotating blades of a compressor (or drop in turbine blades) to the static pressure rise in the compressor stage (or drop in a turbine stage). Alternatively it is the ratio of static enthalpy change in the rotor to the static enthalpy change in the stage. Degree of reaction (R) is an important factor in designing the blades of a turbine, compressors, pumps and other turbo-machinery. . . ."@en . . . . . . . . . . . . "Nello studio delle turbomacchine, il grado di reazione \u00E8 un parametro adimensionale definito come il rapporto fra il salto di entalpia (e quindi, in ipotesi di isoentropicit\u00E0, di pressione) nella sola parte rotorica e quello totale di un intero stadio della turbomacchina. Indica quindi la ripartizione di tale salto tra la parte fissa e quella mobile. all'ingresso e all'uscita di una paletta rotorica di turbina ad azione Questo perch\u00E9 sul rotore si conserva la Rotalpia, definita come: , quindi con ,da cui avremo: . Quindi, sostituendo nella definizione di grado di reazione otteniamo:"@it . . "\u53CD\u52A8\u5EA6\u6307\u5728\u6DA1\u8F6E\u673A\u68B0\u4E2D\uFF0C\u6DA1\u8F6E\u53D1\u52A8\u673A\u7684\u7B49\u71B5\u7113\u964D\u4E0E\u7EA7\u7684\u7B49\u71B5\u7113\u964D\u4E4B\u6BD4\uFF0C\u53CD\u5E94\u7684\u662F\u6C14\u4F53\u5728\u52A8\u53F6\u7247\u5185\u81A8\u80C0\u7A0B\u5EA6\u3002\u53CD\u52A8\u5EA6\u5728\u6DA1\u8F6E\u53D1\u52A8\u673A\u3001\u538B\u7F29\u673A\u4EE5\u53CA\u6E26\u8F2A\u6A5F\u69CB\u7B49\u673A\u68B0\u7684\u5E94\u7528\u4E2D\u6709\u91CD\u8981\u7684\u610F\u4E49\u3002 \u6839\u636E\u5E94\u7528\u573A\u5408\u7684\u4E0D\u540C\uFF0C\u53CD\u52A8\u5EA6\u6709\u4E0D\u540C\u7684\u8868\u8FBE\u5F0F\u3002\u5728\u6DA1\u8F6E\u53D1\u52A8\u673A\u4E2D\uFF0C\u65E0\u8BBA\u662F\u51B2\u52A8\u5F0F\u6C7D\u8F6E\u673A\u8FD8\u662F\u53CD\u52A8\u5F0F\u6C7D\u8F6E\u673A\uFF0C\u53CD\u52A8\u5EA6\u662F\u8F6C\u5B50\u7684\u7B49\u71B5\u7113\u53D8\u548C\u7EA7\u7684\u7B49\u71B5\u7113\u53D8\u4E4B\u6BD4\uFF1A \u3002 \u5728\u71C3\u6C23\u6E26\u8F2A\u767C\u52D5\u6A5F\u548C\u538B\u7F29\u673A\u4E2D\uFF0C\u53CD\u52A8\u5EA6\u662F\u52A8\u53F6\u7247\u7684\u7B49\u71B5\u70ED\u964D\u4E0E\u52A8\u53F6\u7247\u548C\u9759\u53F6\u7247\u7B49\u71B5\u70ED\u964D\u603B\u548C\u7684\u6BD4\u503C\uFF1A \u5728\u673A\u68B0\u6CF5\u4E2D\uFF0C\u53CD\u52A8\u5EA6\u662F\u8F6C\u5B50\u7684\u9759\u538B\u5347\u9AD8\u4E0E\u7EA7\u7684\u9759\u538B\u5347\u9AD8\u4E4B\u6BD4\u3002"@zh . . . . . . "\u53CD\u52A8\u5EA6\u6307\u5728\u6DA1\u8F6E\u673A\u68B0\u4E2D\uFF0C\u6DA1\u8F6E\u53D1\u52A8\u673A\u7684\u7B49\u71B5\u7113\u964D\u4E0E\u7EA7\u7684\u7B49\u71B5\u7113\u964D\u4E4B\u6BD4\uFF0C\u53CD\u5E94\u7684\u662F\u6C14\u4F53\u5728\u52A8\u53F6\u7247\u5185\u81A8\u80C0\u7A0B\u5EA6\u3002\u53CD\u52A8\u5EA6\u5728\u6DA1\u8F6E\u53D1\u52A8\u673A\u3001\u538B\u7F29\u673A\u4EE5\u53CA\u6E26\u8F2A\u6A5F\u69CB\u7B49\u673A\u68B0\u7684\u5E94\u7528\u4E2D\u6709\u91CD\u8981\u7684\u610F\u4E49\u3002 \u6839\u636E\u5E94\u7528\u573A\u5408\u7684\u4E0D\u540C\uFF0C\u53CD\u52A8\u5EA6\u6709\u4E0D\u540C\u7684\u8868\u8FBE\u5F0F\u3002\u5728\u6DA1\u8F6E\u53D1\u52A8\u673A\u4E2D\uFF0C\u65E0\u8BBA\u662F\u51B2\u52A8\u5F0F\u6C7D\u8F6E\u673A\u8FD8\u662F\u53CD\u52A8\u5F0F\u6C7D\u8F6E\u673A\uFF0C\u53CD\u52A8\u5EA6\u662F\u8F6C\u5B50\u7684\u7B49\u71B5\u7113\u53D8\u548C\u7EA7\u7684\u7B49\u71B5\u7113\u53D8\u4E4B\u6BD4\uFF1A \u3002 \u5728\u71C3\u6C23\u6E26\u8F2A\u767C\u52D5\u6A5F\u548C\u538B\u7F29\u673A\u4E2D\uFF0C\u53CD\u52A8\u5EA6\u662F\u52A8\u53F6\u7247\u7684\u7B49\u71B5\u70ED\u964D\u4E0E\u52A8\u53F6\u7247\u548C\u9759\u53F6\u7247\u7B49\u71B5\u70ED\u964D\u603B\u548C\u7684\u6BD4\u503C\uFF1A \u5728\u673A\u68B0\u6CF5\u4E2D\uFF0C\u53CD\u52A8\u5EA6\u662F\u8F6C\u5B50\u7684\u9759\u538B\u5347\u9AD8\u4E0E\u7EA7\u7684\u9759\u538B\u5347\u9AD8\u4E4B\u6BD4\u3002"@zh . . . . . . "Reakcyjno\u015B\u0107 stopnia \u2013 dowolnej maszyny przep\u0142ywowej m\u00F3wi o przemianach energetycznych i termodynamicznych zachodz\u0105cych w i w (w stopniu maszyny przep\u0142ywowej). W stopniu turbiny \u2013 jest to stosunek spadku entalpii w wie\u0144cu wirnikowym do spadku entalpii w ca\u0142ym stopniu, w przypadku rozpr\u0119\u017Cania czynnika wed\u0142ug adiabaty odwracalnej (czyli beztarciowo). W stopniu spr\u0119\u017Carki jest to stosunek przyrostu entalpii w wirniku do przyrostu entalpii w ca\u0142ym stopniu. Reakcyjno\u015B\u0107 ilo\u015Bciowo opisywana jest tzw. stopniem reakcyjno\u015Bci \u2013 dla stopnia turbiny definiowanym nast\u0119puj\u0105co: gdzie:"@pl . . . . . "Der Reaktionsgrad r bezeichnet das Verh\u00E4ltnis der Enthalpie, die im L\u00E4ufer umgesetzt wird, zur gesamten in der Str\u00F6mungsmaschine umgesetzten Enthalpie. Der Reaktionsgrad kann sowohl von einer ganzen Str\u00F6mungsmaschine, wie auch von einzelnen Stufen einer mehrstufigen Str\u00F6mungsmaschine, angegeben werden."@de . . "Grado de reacci\u00F3n"@es .