"Coloide"@es . . . . . . . . "Koloido (el la greka vorto por gluo) estas likva\u0135o kun tre malgrandaj partikloj (0,001 \u011Dis 1 \u03BCm) enmiksitaj. Tia likva\u0135o kemie trovi\u011Das meze inter efektiva solva\u0135o kaj miksa\u0135o. Koloida sistemo povas esti solida, likva, a\u016D gasa. La terminon kreis la skota kemiisto Thomas Graham en 1861."@eo . . . "Un colloide (o sistema colloidale) \u00E8 una particolare miscela in cui una sostanza si trova in uno stato finemente disperso, intermedio tra la soluzione e la dispersione.Questo stato \"microeterogeneo\" consiste quindi di due fasi: una fase costituita da una sostanza di dimensioni microscopiche (diametro da 88 nm a 1 \u03BCm) e una fase continua disperdente. Molte sostanze a noi familiari sono colloidi, come per esempio il burro, la maionese, l'asfalto, la colla, la nebbia e il fumo."@it . . "\u81A0\u9AD4"@zh . . . . . . "A colloid is a mixture in which one substance consisting of microscopically dispersed insoluble particles is suspended throughout another substance. Some definitions specify that the particles must be dispersed in a liquid, while others extend the definition to include substances like aerosols and gels. The term colloidal suspension refers unambiguously to the overall mixture (although a narrower sense of the word suspension is distinguished from colloids by larger particle size). A colloid has a dispersed phase (the suspended particles) and a continuous phase (the medium of suspension). The dispersed phase particles have a diameter of approximately 1 nanometre to 1 micrometre."@en . . . . . . "\u30B3\u30ED\u30A4\u30C9\uFF08\u81A0\u8CEA\uFF08\u3053\u3046\u3057\u3064\uFF09\u3001\u82F1: colloid\uFF09\u307E\u305F\u306F\u30B3\u30ED\u30A4\u30C9\u5206\u6563\u4F53\uFF08\u82F1: colloidal dispersion\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u4E00\u65B9\u304C\u5FAE\u5C0F\u306A\u6DB2\u6EF4\u3042\u308B\u3044\u306F\u5FAE\u7C92\u5B50\u3092\u5F62\u6210\u3057\uFF08\u5206\u6563\u76F8\uFF09\u3001\u4ED6\u65B9\u306B\u5206\u6563\u3057\u305F1\u7D44\u306E\u76F8\u304B\u3089\u69CB\u6210\u3055\u308C\u305F\u7269\u8CEA\u72B6\u614B\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002"@ja . . "En f\u00EDsica y qu\u00EDmica un coloide, sistema coloidal, suspensi\u00F3n coloidal o dispersi\u00F3n coloidal es un sistema conformado por dos o m\u00E1s fases, normalmente una fluida (l\u00EDquido o gas) y otra dispersa en forma de part\u00EDculas generalmente s\u00F3lidas muy finas, de di\u00E1metro comprendido entre 10-9 y 10-5 m.\u200B La fase dispersa es la que se halla en menor proporci\u00F3n. Normalmente la fase continua es l\u00EDquida, pero pueden encontrarse coloides cuyos componentes se encuentran en otros estados de agregaci\u00F3n de la materia. El nombre de coloide proviene de la ra\u00EDz griega \"kolas\" que significa \u00ABque puede pegarse\u00BB. Este nombre se refiere a una de las principales propiedades de los coloides: su tendencia espont\u00E1nea para agregar o formar co\u00E1gulos. De ah\u00ED viene tambi\u00E9n la palabra \"cola\", el fluido pastoso que sirve para pegar. Los coloides tambi\u00E9n afectan al punto de ebullici\u00F3n del agua y son contaminantes. Los coloides se diferencian de las suspensiones qu\u00EDmicas, principalmente en el tama\u00F1o de las part\u00EDculas de la fase dispersa. Las part\u00EDculas en los coloides no son visibles directamente, son visibles a nivel microsc\u00F3pico (entre 1 nm y 1 \u00B5m), y en las suspensiones qu\u00EDmicas s\u00ED son visibles a nivel macrosc\u00F3pico (mayores de 1 \u00B5m). Adem\u00E1s, al reposar, las fases de una suspensi\u00F3n qu\u00EDmica se separan, mientras que las de un coloide no lo hacen. La suspensi\u00F3n qu\u00EDmica es filtrable, mientras que el coloide no es filtrable. Los sistemas coloidales son sistemas no homog\u00E9neos en los que las part\u00EDculas constituyentes de uno o varios de sus componentes (fase dispersa o dispersoide) tienen tama\u00F1os comprendidos entre 10 y 2000 \u00C5, mientras que los restantes componentes est\u00E1n constituidos por part\u00EDculas con tama\u00F1o inferior a unos 10 \u00C5 (fase dispersante o medio de dispersi\u00F3n).\u200B Las part\u00EDculas coloides tienen propiedades intermedias entre las disoluciones y las suspensiones qu\u00EDmicas; se encuentran dispersas sin que est\u00E9n unidas a las mol\u00E9culas del disolvente y no se sedimenta al dejarlas en reposo.\u200B En algunos casos las part\u00EDculas son mol\u00E9culas grandes, como prote\u00EDnas. En la fase acuosa, una mol\u00E9cula se pliega de tal manera que su parte hidrof\u00EDlica se encuentra en el exterior, es decir la parte que puede formar interacciones con mol\u00E9culas de agua a trav\u00E9s de fuerzas i\u00F3n-dipolo o fuerzas puente de hidr\u00F3geno se mueven a la parte externa de la mol\u00E9cula. Los coloides pueden tener una determinada viscosidad (la viscosidad es la resistencia interna que presenta un fluido: l\u00EDquido o gas, al movimiento relativo de sus mol\u00E9culas)."@es . . . . . "Koloid je ozna\u010Den\u00ED pro obsahuj\u00EDc\u00ED \u010D\u00E1stice, kter\u00E9 svou velikost\u00ED spadaj\u00ED do rozmez\u00ED 1 nm a\u017E 1000 nm (p\u0159\u00EDpadn\u011B 500 nm). Nebo se jedn\u00E1 o l\u00E1tku, kter\u00E1 tvo\u0159\u00ED heterogenn\u00ED disperzn\u00ED soustavu obsahuj\u00EDc\u00ED \u010D\u00E1stice o velikosti v\u00FD\u0161e zm\u00EDn\u011Bn\u00E9. Zaveden\u00ED pojmu koloid souvis\u00ED s t\u00EDm, \u017Ee \u010D\u00E1stice v tomto rozmez\u00ED ud\u011Bluj\u00ED dan\u00E9mu syst\u00E9mu specifick\u00E9 vlastnosti, kter\u00E9 se v mnoha ohledech nevyskytuj\u00ED u \u010D\u00E1stic s velikost\u00ED pod 1 nm (tzv. ) a \u010D\u00E1stic nad 1000 nm, event. 500 nm,. Koloidy jsou viditeln\u00E9 v nebo elektronov\u00E9m mikroskopu, nikoliv v\u0161ak ve sv\u011Bteln\u00E9m mikroskopu. \u010C\u00E1stice koloidu jsou \u010Dasto barevn\u00E9, tvo\u0159\u00ED pr\u016Fhledn\u00E9 disperzn\u00ED syst\u00E9my a v bo\u010Dn\u00EDm sv\u011Btle opaleskuj\u00ED (tzv. Tyndall\u016Fv efekt). K dal\u0161\u00EDm charakteristik\u00E1m koloid\u016F n\u00E1le\u017E\u00ED, \u017Ee proch\u00E1zej\u00ED filtra\u010Dn\u00EDm pap\u00EDrem (ale nikoliv u\u017E v\u0161emi membr\u00E1nami). Vykon\u00E1vaj\u00ED slab\u0161\u00ED tepeln\u00FD pohyb (Brown\u016Fv pohyb), pomalu difunduj\u00ED a sedimentuj\u00ED, vyvol\u00E1vaj\u00ED slab\u0161\u00ED osmotick\u00FD tlak. Ov\u0161em nejcharakteristi\u010Dt\u011Bj\u0161\u00ED vlastnost\u00ED tohoto syst\u00E9mu je tvorba gel\u016F (hrub\u00E9 disperze je tvo\u0159\u00ED jen v\u00FDjime\u010Dn\u011B). Koloidy jsou v\u0161udyp\u0159\u00EDtomn\u00E9, nach\u00E1zej\u00ED se nap\u0159. v lidsk\u00E9m t\u011Ble, v koupeln\u011B jako prac\u00ED pr\u00E1\u0161ek, m\u00FDdlo, zubn\u00ED pasta apod., a mnoh\u00E9 potraviny jsou koloidn\u00ED povahy (jogurt, m\u00E1slo, ml\u00E9ko atd.). Nav\u00EDc v sou\u010Dasn\u00E9 dob\u011B velmi popul\u00E1rn\u00ED nanotechnologie vych\u00E1zej\u00ED z koloidn\u00ED chemie."@cs . . . . . . . . . "Les collo\u00EFdes sont d\u00E9finis internationalement, par l'International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, comme des \"syst\u00E8mes collo\u00EFdaux\", avec la d\u00E9finition suivante : Le terme d\u00E9signe un \u00E9tat de subdivision, avec des mol\u00E9cules ou des particules polymol\u00E9culaires dispers\u00E9es dans un milieu et dont la taille, au moins dans une direction, est entre 1 nanom\u00E8tre et 1 microm\u00E8tre, ou avec des discontinuit\u00E9s \u00E0 des distances de cet ordre de grandeur."@fr . . . . "En kolloid (gr. kolloid, \"lim\") \u00E4r ett system d\u00E4r ett \u00E4mne \u00E4r finf\u00F6rdelat (dispergerat) i ett annat, och det finf\u00F6rdelade \u00E4mnets partiklar har \u00E5tminstone i n\u00E5gon dimension en storlek mellan en nanometer och en mikrometer. De olika faserna kan ha samma eller olika aggregationstillst\u00E5nd (fast, v\u00E4tska och gas). Varje kombination har ett eget namn (se tabellen nedan), gas finf\u00F6rdelat i v\u00E4tska heter till exempel skum. Begreppet kolloid inf\u00F6rdes 1861 av den skotske kemisten Thomas Graham."@sv . . "\u30B3\u30ED\u30A4\u30C9"@ja . . . . . . . . . "En kolloid (gr. kolloid, \"lim\") \u00E4r ett system d\u00E4r ett \u00E4mne \u00E4r finf\u00F6rdelat (dispergerat) i ett annat, och det finf\u00F6rdelade \u00E4mnets partiklar har \u00E5tminstone i n\u00E5gon dimension en storlek mellan en nanometer och en mikrometer. De olika faserna kan ha samma eller olika aggregationstillst\u00E5nd (fast, v\u00E4tska och gas). Varje kombination har ett eget namn (se tabellen nedan), gas finf\u00F6rdelat i v\u00E4tska heter till exempel skum. Begreppet kolloid inf\u00F6rdes 1861 av den skotske kemisten Thomas Graham. De dimensioner som kolloida partiklar har bildar ett dunkelt omr\u00E5de inom kemin och fysiken. Partiklar under n\u00E5gra nanometer brukar behandlas under kvantkemi, medan stora partiklar (bulksystem) behandlas med hj\u00E4lp av klassisk fysik. En kolloid \u00E4r heterogen i mikroskala men homogen i makroskala, och befinner sig allts\u00E5 i kemiskt avseende mellan en \u00E4kta l\u00F6sning och en heterogen blandning. Kolloidala partiklar kan inte genomtr\u00E4nga membran p\u00E5 samma s\u00E4tt som enskilda l\u00F6sta joner. Stabila kolloider kallas lyofila. De bildas spontant n\u00E4r \u00E4mnet som ska dispergeras kommer i kontakt med det omgivande mediet. Lyofoba kolloider kr\u00E4ver energi f\u00F6r att bildas. F\u00F6r att en kolloid ska vara stabil m\u00E5ste repulsionskrafterna mellan partiklarna vara st\u00F6rre \u00E4n de attraktiva krafterna. En instabil kolloid aggregerar (klumpar ihop sig). Om processen \u00E4r reversibel kallas det utflockning, men om tillst\u00E5ndet blir permanent \u00E4r det fr\u00E5ga om koagulering. Kolloidkemin domineras av f\u00F6ljande v\u00E4xelverkningskrafter: \n* Attraktiva Van der Waals-krafter, som \u00E4ven ben\u00E4mns dispersionskrafter \n* Attraktiva eller repulsiva elektrostatiska krafter mellan laddade partiklar \n* Steriska hinder - ett annat \u00E4mne hindrar partiklarna fr\u00E5n att komma f\u00F6r n\u00E4ra varandra \n* Attraktiva eller repulsiva solvationskrafter som uppst\u00E5r d\u00E5 l\u00F6sningsmedlets molekyler orienterar sig p\u00E5 ett visst s\u00E4tt. \n* Syra-bas-krafter Kolloidkemin kallas ofta en bortgl\u00F6md del av kemin. Man st\u00F6ter dock dagligen p\u00E5 kolloidala material i vardagslivet - sm\u00F6r, mj\u00F6lk, gr\u00E4dde, r\u00F6k, dimma, asfalt, bl\u00E4ck, gelatin och blod. Bland tekniska till\u00E4mpningar kan n\u00E4mnas aerosol-sprayflaskor, skumplast, material tillverkade genom sol-gel-processering s\u00E5som aerogel samt m\u00E5nga m\u00E5larf\u00E4rger och lim. Kolloidkemi \u00E4r \u00E4ven mycket viktigt inom nanotekniken."@sv . . . . "IUPAC definition"@en . . . . . . . . . . "\u30B3\u30ED\u30A4\u30C9\uFF08\u81A0\u8CEA\uFF08\u3053\u3046\u3057\u3064\uFF09\u3001\u82F1: colloid\uFF09\u307E\u305F\u306F\u30B3\u30ED\u30A4\u30C9\u5206\u6563\u4F53\uFF08\u82F1: colloidal dispersion\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u4E00\u65B9\u304C\u5FAE\u5C0F\u306A\u6DB2\u6EF4\u3042\u308B\u3044\u306F\u5FAE\u7C92\u5B50\u3092\u5F62\u6210\u3057\uFF08\u5206\u6563\u76F8\uFF09\u3001\u4ED6\u65B9\u306B\u5206\u6563\u3057\u305F1\u7D44\u306E\u76F8\u304B\u3089\u69CB\u6210\u3055\u308C\u305F\u7269\u8CEA\u72B6\u614B\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . . . . . . . . . . "Un colloide (o sistema colloidale) \u00E8 una particolare miscela in cui una sostanza si trova in uno stato finemente disperso, intermedio tra la soluzione e la dispersione.Questo stato \"microeterogeneo\" consiste quindi di due fasi: una fase costituita da una sostanza di dimensioni microscopiche (diametro da 88 nm a 1 \u03BCm) e una fase continua disperdente. La differenza con le soluzioni consiste nel fatto che queste ultime sono sistemi omogenei contenenti ioni o molecole di soluto disperse in un solvente libere di muoversi le une rispetto alle altre; esse risultano inoltre limpide, sottostanno alle leggi dell'ebullioscopia e crioscopia, e hanno tensione di vapore e pressione osmotica regolari. I sistemi colloidali, invece, sono sistemi eterogenei, che si presentano torbidi, non seguono le precedenti leggi e presentano tensioni di vapore e pressione osmotica non regolari. Molte sostanze a noi familiari sono colloidi, come per esempio il burro, la maionese, l'asfalto, la colla, la nebbia e il fumo. A seconda del tipo di fase dispersa (liquido, solido o gas) e fase continua si possono distinguere numerosi tipi di dispersioni colloidali: ad esempio sol e aerosol."@it . . . . . . . . . . . . "Uk\u0142ad koloidalny, uk\u0142ad koloidowy, roztw\u00F3r koloidalny, zawiesina koloidalna, potocznie koloid \u2013 niejednorodna mieszanina, zwykle dwufazowa, tworz\u0105ca uk\u0142ad dw\u00F3ch substancji, w kt\u00F3rym jedna z nich jest rozproszona w drugiej. Rozdrobnienie (czyli stopie\u0144 dyspersji) substancji rozproszonej jest tak du\u017Ce, \u017Ce fizycznie mieszanina sprawia wra\u017Cenie homogenicznej, jednak nie jest to wymieszanie na poziomie pojedynczych cz\u0105steczek."@pl . . . . . "\u5728\u5316\u5B78\u4E2D\uFF0C\u81A0\u9AD4\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1AColloid\uFF09\u53C8\u7A31\u81A0\u72C0\u5206\u6563\u9AD4\uFF08colloidal dispersion\uFF09\u662F\u4E00\u7A2E\uFF0C\u662F\u7684\uFF0C\u5728\u81A0\u9AD4\u4E2D\u542B\u6709\u5169\u7A2E\u4E0D\u540C\u76F8\u614B\u7684\u7269\u8CEA\uFF0C\u88AB\u5206\u6563\u7684\u7269\u8D28\u79F0\u4E3A\u5206\u6563\u76F8\uFF08\u6216\uFF1A\u5206\u6563\u8D28\uFF09\uFF0C\u53E6\u4E00\u79CD\u8FDE\u7EED\u5206\u5E03\u7684\u7269\u8D28\u79F0\u4E3A\u5206\u6563\u4ECB\u8D28\uFF08\u6216\uFF1A\u5206\u6563\u5242\u3001\u5206\u6563\u5A92\uFF09\u3002\u5206\u6563\u7684\u4E00\u90E8\u5206\u53EF\u4EE5\u662F\u7531\u8BB8\u591A\u539F\u5B50\u6216\u5206\u5B50\uFF08103-106\u4E2A\uFF09\u7D44\u6210\u7684\u6709\u754C\u9762\u7684\u7C92\u5B50\uFF0C\u5927\u5C0F\uFF08\u76F4\u5F84\uFF09\u4ECB\u65BC1nm\u5230100nm\u4E4B\u9593\uFF0C\u4E5F\u53EF\u4EE5\u662F\u6CA1\u6709\u76F8\u754C\u9762\u7684\u5927\u5206\u5B50\u6216\u80F6\u675F\uFF0C\u524D\u8005\u79F0\u4E3A\u6EB6\u80F6\uFF0C\u540E\u8005\u79F0\u4E3A\u9AD8\u5206\u5B50\u6EB6\u6DB2\u6216\u7F14\u5408\u80F6\u4F53\u3002"@zh . . "Sistem koloid (selanjutnya disingkat \"koloid\" saja) merupakan suatu bentuk campuran dua atau lebih zat yang bersifat heterogen namun memiliki ukuran partikel terdispersi yang cukup besar (1 - 10000 nm), sehingga mengalami Efek Tyndall. Bersifat heterogen berarti partikel terdispersi tidak terpengaruh oleh gaya gravitasi atau gaya lain yang dikenakan kepadanya, sehingga tidak terjadi pengendapan. Misalnya, sifat heterogen ini juga dimiliki oleh larutan, tetapi tidak dimiliki oleh campuran biasa (suspensi).Koloid dijumpai di mana-mana: susu, agar-agar, tinta, sampo, serta awan merupakan contoh-contoh koloid yang dapat dijumpai sehari-hari. Sitoplasma dalam sel juga merupakan sistem koloid. menjadi kajian tersendiri dalam kimia industri karena kepentingannya."@in . . . . . . . "\u041A\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0301\u0457\u0434\u043D\u0456 \u0440\u043E\u0437\u0447\u0438\u043D\u0438 \u2014 \u0440\u0435\u0447\u043E\u0432\u0438\u043D\u0438, \u0449\u043E \u0441\u043A\u043B\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044E\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0437 \u0434\u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043C\u0430\u043B\u0435\u043D\u044C\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043E\u043A \u043C\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0457 (\u0434\u0438\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043D\u0430 \u0444\u0430\u0437\u0430), \u044F\u043A\u0456 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0442\u043D\u0456 \u0432 \u0456\u043D\u0448\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u043C\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0430\u043B\u0456."@uk . . . . "En f\u00EDsica y qu\u00EDmica un coloide, sistema coloidal, suspensi\u00F3n coloidal o dispersi\u00F3n coloidal es un sistema conformado por dos o m\u00E1s fases, normalmente una fluida (l\u00EDquido o gas) y otra dispersa en forma de part\u00EDculas generalmente s\u00F3lidas muy finas, de di\u00E1metro comprendido entre 10-9 y 10-5 m.\u200B La fase dispersa es la que se halla en menor proporci\u00F3n. Normalmente la fase continua es l\u00EDquida, pero pueden encontrarse coloides cuyos componentes se encuentran en otros estados de agregaci\u00F3n de la materia."@es . . . . "Coloide"@pt . . . . . . "\uAD50\uC9C8"@ko . . "5346"^^ . . . . . . . . . . "Koloido"@eo . "\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062F\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063A\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0647\u064A \u0645\u0632\u064A\u062C \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0637\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0627\u064B \u0628\u062D\u064A\u062B \u0623\u0646 \u0625\u062D\u062F\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062F\u062A\u064A\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0632\u064A\u0626\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0639\u062B\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062C\u0647\u0631\u064A\u0627\u064B (\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u062A\u0630\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0645 \u0644\u0627) \u062A\u0633\u062A\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u062E\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u062F\u0629 \u0623\u062E\u0631\u0649 (\u0645\u0627\u062F\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062A\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062A\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064A \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u062F\u0629 \u0623\u062E\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062A\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062C\u0647\u0631\u064A).\u064A\u062A\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063A\u0631\u0648\u064A \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0637\u064A\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0637\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u064A\u0646: \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0639\u062B\u0631 (\u0648\u0647\u064A \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0632\u064A\u0626\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062A\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629) \u0648\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062A\u0645\u0631 (\u0623\u0648 \u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062A\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062A\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642) \u0648\u0642\u062F \u064A\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063A\u0631\u0648\u064A \u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u063A\u0627\u0632\u064A. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062F\u064A\u062F \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u062A\u0639\u062F\u0651 \u063A\u0631\u0648\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u062D \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u062C\u062F\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062F\u0646\u0627\u0647. \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064B \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u063A\u0631\u0648\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u0648\u0627\u062C\u062F\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u064A\u0639\u064A\u0627\u064B\u060C \u062A\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064A\u0645\u064A\u0627\u0626\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u062F\u064A\u062B\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062A\u0641\u0627\u062F\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062A\u0642\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062E\u0644\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062C\u0644 \u062A\u062E\u0644\u064A\u0642 \u063A\u0631\u0648\u064A\u0627\u062A \u062C\u062F\u064A\u062F\u0629."@ar . . . . . . . "Em qu\u00EDmica, coloides (ou sistemas coloidais ou ainda dispers\u00F5es coloidais) s\u00E3o sistemas nos quais um ou mais componentes apresentam pelo menos uma das suas dimens\u00F5es dentro do intervalo de 1nm a 1\u00B5m. A ci\u00EAncia dos coloides ocupa-se com sistemas nos quais um ou mais componentes apresentam pelo menos uma de suas dimens\u00F5es dentro do intervalo de 1nm a 1\u00B5m , ou seja, ela se refere a sistemas contendo tanto mol\u00E9culas grandes como part\u00EDculas pequenas. Coloquialmente, diz-se que as dispers\u00F5es coloidais s\u00E3o dispers\u00F5es intermedi\u00E1rias entre as solu\u00E7\u00F5es verdadeiras e os sistemas heterog\u00EAneos, sendo que as part\u00EDculas dispersas s\u00E3o maiores do que as mol\u00E9culas mas n\u00E3o suficientemente grandes para se depositar pela a\u00E7\u00E3o da gravidade. Em 1861, o qu\u00EDmico brit\u00E2nico Thomas Graham descobriu que subst\u00E2ncias como o amido, a gelatina, a cola e a albumina do ovo difundiam-se muito lentamente quando colocadas em \u00E1gua, ao contr\u00E1rio de outras subst\u00E2ncias como o a\u00E7\u00FAcar e o sal de cozinha. Al\u00E9m disso, aquelas subst\u00E2ncias eram muito diferentes destas no que se refere \u00E0 difus\u00E3o atrav\u00E9s de : enquanto as mol\u00E9culas de a\u00E7\u00FAcar, por exemplo, difundiam-se com facilidade atrav\u00E9s de muitas membranas, as mol\u00E9culas grandes que constitu\u00EDam o amido, a gelatina, a cola e a albumina n\u00E3o se difundiam. Graham descobriu, tamb\u00E9m, que estas \u00FAltimas subst\u00E2ncias n\u00E3o se cristalizavam enquanto era f\u00E1cil cristalizar o a\u00E7\u00FAcar, o sal de cozinha e outros materiais que formavam ( e , 1998). Sabe-se, hoje, que ainda que haja algumas dificuldades, certas subst\u00E2ncias coloidais podem ser cristalizadas, e que n\u00E3o h\u00E1, na realidade, fronteira n\u00EDtida entre as solu\u00E7\u00F5es verdadeiras e os sistemas coloidais. Para denominar a nova classe que era identificada, Graham prop\u00F4s o termo coloide (do grego kolla, (\u039A\u03CC\u03BB\u03BB\u03B1) cola). Os sistemas coloidais v\u00EAm sendo utilizados desde os da humanidade. Os povos antigos utilizaram g\u00E9is de produtos naturais como alimento, as dispers\u00F5es de argilas para a fabrica\u00E7\u00E3o de utens\u00EDlios de cer\u00E2mica e as dispers\u00F5es coloidais de pigmentos para decorar as paredes das cavernas com motivos de animais, peixes e ca\u00E7as"@pt . . . . "\uAD50\uC9C8(\u81A0\u8CEA, colloid \uCF5C\uB85C\uC774\uB4DC[*])\uC740 \uD63C\uD569\uBB3C\uC758 \uC77C\uC885\uC73C\uB85C, 1 \uB098\uB178\uBBF8\uD130\uC5D0\uC11C 100 \uB9C8\uC774\uD06C\uB85C\uBBF8\uD130 \uC0AC\uC774\uC758 \uD06C\uAE30\uB97C \uAC16\uB294 \uC785\uC790\uB4E4\uB85C \uAD6C\uC131\uB41C \uAC83\uC744 \uAC00\uB9AC\uD0A8\uB2E4. \uC6A9\uC9C8\uC774 \uC6A9\uB9E4\uC5D0 \uC644\uC804\uD788 \uB179\uC544 \uC788\uB294 \uC6A9\uC561\uACFC\uB294 \uB2EC\uB9AC, \uAD50\uC9C8\uC740 \uC785\uC790\uAC00 \uADE0\uC77C\uD558\uAC8C \uD37C\uC838 '\uC6A9\uB9E4' \uC18D\uC5D0 \uB5A0 \uB2E4\uB2C8\uB294 \uC591\uC0C1\uC744 \uB764\uB2E4. \uB2E4\uC2DC \uB9D0\uD574\uC11C, \uC785\uC790\uAC00 \uCDA9\uBD84\uD788 \uC791\uC544 \uAD50\uC9C8\uC758 \uC5B4\uB290 \uBD80\uBD84\uC744 \uCDE8\uD574\uB3C4 \uAC19\uC740 \uBB3C\uB9AC\uC801 \uC131\uC9C8\uC744 \uB098\uD0C0\uB0B4\uC9C0\uB9CC, \uB610\uD55C \uC785\uC790\uAC00 \uC644\uC804\uD788 \uC6A9\uD574\uB418\uC9C0 \uC54A\uC544\uC11C \uBE5B\uC744 \uC0B0\uB780\uC2DC\uD0AC \uC218 \uC788\uB2E4. \uBAA8\uB4E0 \uAD6C\uC131 \uC785\uC790\uC758 \uD06C\uAE30\uAC00 1 \uB098\uB178\uBBF8\uD130\uBCF4\uB2E4 \uC791\uC544\uC9C0\uBA74 \uADE0\uC77C \uD63C\uD569\uBB3C(\uC6A9\uC561)\uC774 \uB418\uBA70, \uD55C \uC885\uB958 \uC774\uC0C1\uC758 \uAD6C\uC131 \uC785\uC790\uC758 \uD06C\uAE30\uAC00 \uC218\uC2ED \uB9C8\uC774\uD06C\uB85C\uBBF8\uD130 \uC774\uC0C1\uC774 \uB418\uBA74 \uC77C\uBC18\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uB85C \uBD84\uB958\uB41C\uB2E4. \uAD50\uC9C8\uC740 \uADE0\uC77C \uD63C\uD569\uBB3C(\uC6A9\uC561)\uACFC \uBD88\uADE0\uC77C \uD63C\uD569\uBB3C\uC758 \uC0AC\uC774\uC5D0 \uC704\uCE58\uD55C\uB2E4. \uAD50\uC9C8\uC740 \uCE5C\uC218\uAE30\uAC00 \uC788\uC5B4 \uBB3C\uACFC \uC798 \uC11E\uC774\uB294\uB370, \uC218\uC6A9\uC561\uC5D0 \uB2E4\uB7C9\uC758 \uC804\uD574\uC9C8\uC774 \uC788\uC744\uC2DC \uC774 \uC804\uD574\uC9C8 \uC774\uC628\uC774 \uBB3C \uBD84\uC790\uB97C \uBE7C\uC557\uAE30\uC5D0 \uCF5C\uB85C\uC774\uB4DC\uAC00 \uBB49\uCE5C\uB2E4. \uAD50\uC9C8\uC740 \uC6B0\uC720\uC758 \uACBD\uC6B0\uC640 \uAC19\uC774 \uB450 \uAC00\uC9C0 \uC774\uC0C1\uC758 \uBB3C\uC9C8\uB85C \uAD6C\uC131\uB418\uC5B4 \uC788\uB294 \uACBD\uC6B0\uB3C4 \uC788\uACE0, \uACE0\uBB34\uC640 \uAC19\uC774 \uD55C \uAC00\uC9C0\uC758 \uBB3C\uC9C8\uB9CC\uC73C\uB85C \uAD6C\uC131\uB418\uC5B4 \uC788\uB294 \uACBD\uC6B0\uB3C4 \uC788\uB2E4."@ko . "Kolloid"@sv . . . "\u039A\u03BF\u03BB\u03BB\u03BF\u03B5\u03B9\u03B4\u03AD\u03C2 \u2013 \u03C3\u03C4\u03B7 \u03C7\u03B7\u03BC\u03B5\u03AF\u03B1 \u2013 \u03C7\u03B1\u03C1\u03B1\u03BA\u03C4\u03B7\u03C1\u03AF\u03B6\u03B5\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C4\u03BF \u03BF\u03BC\u03BF\u03B3\u03B5\u03BD\u03AD\u03C2 \u03BC\u03AF\u03B3\u03BC\u03B1 \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C0\u03B5\u03C1\u03B9\u03AD\u03C7\u03B5\u03B9 \u03BC\u03B9\u03BA\u03C1\u03BF\u03C3\u03BA\u03BF\u03C0\u03B9\u03BA\u03AC \u03C3\u03C9\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03AF\u03B4\u03B9\u03B1 \u03BC\u03B9\u03B1\u03C2 \u03C7\u03B7\u03BC\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE\u03C2 \u03BF\u03C5\u03C3\u03AF\u03B1\u03C2 \u03BF\u03BC\u03BF\u03B9\u03CC\u03BC\u03BF\u03C1\u03C6\u03B1 \u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03C3\u03BA\u03BF\u03C1\u03C0\u03B9\u03C3\u03BC\u03AD\u03BD\u03B1 \u03BC\u03AD\u03C3\u03B1 \u03C3\u03B5 \u03BC\u03B9\u03B1 \u03AC\u03BB\u03BB\u03B7 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C0\u03B1\u03C1\u03B1\u03BC\u03AD\u03BD\u03BF\u03C5\u03BD \u03BC\u03B7 \u03B1\u03BD\u03B1\u03BC\u03AF\u03BE\u03B9\u03BC\u03B1. \u03A4\u03B1 \u03C3\u03C9\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03AF\u03B4\u03B9\u03B1 \u03B1\u03C5\u03C4\u03AC \u03BF\u03BD\u03BF\u03BC\u03AC\u03B6\u03BF\u03BD\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03BC\u03B9\u03BA\u03CD\u03BB\u03BB\u03B9\u03B1 (micelles). \u03A3\u03B5 \u03AD\u03BD\u03B1 \u03B4\u03B9\u03AC\u03BB\u03C5\u03BC\u03B1 (\u03B7\u03BB\u03B5\u03BA\u03C4\u03C1\u03BF\u03BB\u03CD\u03C4\u03B7 \u03AE \u03CC\u03C7\u03B9), \u03C4\u03B1 \u03C5\u03C0\u03CC \u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03C3\u03BA\u03CC\u03C1\u03C0\u03B9\u03C3\u03B7 \u03C3\u03C9\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03AF\u03B4\u03B9\u03B1 (\u03AC\u03C4\u03BF\u03BC\u03B1 \u03AE \u03BC\u03CC\u03C1\u03B9\u03B1) \u03AD\u03C7\u03BF\u03C5\u03BD \u03BC\u03AD\u03B3\u03B5\u03B8\u03BF\u03C2 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03C4\u03AC\u03BE\u03B7\u03C2 \u03C4\u03C9\u03BD 10-7 cm. \u03A3\u03C4\u03BF \u03BA\u03BF\u03BB\u03BB\u03BF\u03B5\u03B9\u03B4\u03AD\u03C2 \u03C4\u03BF \u03BC\u03AD\u03B3\u03B5\u03B8\u03BF\u03C2 \u03C4\u03C9\u03BD \u03BC\u03B9\u03BA\u03C5\u03BB\u03BB\u03AF\u03C9\u03BD \u03B5\u03AF\u03BD\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC 10-7 \u03AD\u03C9\u03C2 10-5 cm (1 - 100 nm) \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C3\u03C7\u03B7\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03AF\u03B6\u03BF\u03C5\u03BD \u03B4\u03BF\u03BC\u03AE \u03BA\u03BF\u03BB\u03BB\u03BF\u03B5\u03B9\u03B4\u03AE (sol) \u03AE \u03C0\u03B7\u03BA\u03C4\u03AE (gel) \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03B4\u03B5\u03BD \u03B4\u03B9\u03AD\u03C1\u03C7\u03B5\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03BC\u03AD\u03C3\u03B1 \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03BA\u03C5\u03C4\u03C4\u03B1\u03C1\u03B9\u03BA\u03AD\u03C2 \u03BC\u03B5\u03BC\u03B2\u03C1\u03AC\u03BD\u03B5\u03C2. \u03A0\u03B1\u03C1\u03AC \u03C4\u03B1\u03CD\u03C4\u03B1 \u03C0\u03B1\u03C1\u03B1\u03BC\u03AD\u03BD\u03BF\u03C5\u03BD \u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03C3\u03BA\u03BF\u03C1\u03C0\u03B9\u03C3\u03BC\u03AD\u03BD\u03B1, \u03BC\u03B7 \u03C0\u03B1\u03C1\u03B1\u03C3\u03C5\u03C1\u03CC\u03BC\u03B5\u03BD\u03B1 \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03C4\u03B7 \u03B2\u03B1\u03C1\u03CD\u03C4\u03B7\u03C4\u03B1, \u03AD\u03C4\u03C3\u03B9 \u03CE\u03C3\u03C4\u03B5 \u03BD\u03B1 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B8\u03B9\u03B6\u03AC\u03BD\u03BF\u03C5\u03BD, \u03C0\u03B1\u03C1\u03B1\u03BC\u03AD\u03BD\u03BF\u03BD\u03C4\u03B1\u03C2 \u03AD\u03C4\u03C3\u03B9 \u03B1\u03B9\u03C9\u03C1\u03BF\u03CD\u03BC\u03B5\u03BD\u03B1. \u03A3\u03B5 \u03B1\u03BD\u03C4\u03AF\u03B8\u03B5\u03C3\u03B7, \u03B5\u03C0\u03AF\u03C3\u03B7\u03C2, \u03BC\u03B5 \u03C4\u03B1 \u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03BB\u03CD\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03B1, \u03C4\u03B1 \u03BA\u03BF\u03BB\u03BB\u03BF\u03B5\u03B9\u03B4\u03AE \u03B5\u03BC\u03C6\u03B1\u03BD\u03AF\u03B6\u03BF\u03C5\u03BD \u03C3\u03BA\u03AD\u03B4\u03B1\u03C3\u03B7 \u03C3\u03C4\u03BF \u03C6\u03C9\u03C2. \u03A4\u03B1 \u03C3\u03C9\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03AF\u03B4\u03B9\u03B1 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03BA\u03BF\u03BB\u03BB\u03BF\u03B5\u03B9\u03B4\u03BF\u03CD\u03C2 \u03BC\u03C0\u03BF\u03C1\u03B5\u03AF \u03BD\u03B1 \u03B5\u03AF\u03BD\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C3\u03C4\u03B5\u03C1\u03B5\u03AC \u03AE \u03C5\u03B3\u03C1\u03AC 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\u03C3\u03C4\u03B5\u03C1\u03B5\u03AC. \u03A4\u03B1 \u03BA\u03BF\u03BB\u03BB\u03BF\u03B5\u03B9\u03B4\u03AE \u03B5\u03AF\u03BD\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C0\u03BF\u03BB\u03CD \u03C3\u03C5\u03BD\u03B7\u03B8\u03B9\u03C3\u03BC\u03AD\u03BD\u03B1 \u03C3\u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03AD\u03BC\u03B2\u03B9\u03B1 \u03CD\u03BB\u03B7, \u03C0.\u03C7. \u03C3\u03C4\u03B1 \u03BA\u03CD\u03C4\u03C4\u03B1\u03C1\u03B1 \u03CC\u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03BF\u03B9 \u03BC\u03B5\u03B3\u03AC\u03BB\u03B5\u03C2 \u03B5\u03C0\u03B9\u03C6\u03AC\u03BD\u03B5\u03B9\u03B5\u03C2 \u03B5\u03AF\u03BD\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C0\u03BF\u03BB\u03CD \u03C3\u03B7\u03BC\u03B1\u03BD\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AD\u03C2 \u03B3\u03B9\u03B1 \u03C4\u03B9\u03C2 \u03C7\u03B7\u03BC\u03B9\u03BA\u03AD\u03C2 \u03B1\u03BB\u03BB\u03B1\u03B3\u03AD\u03C2 \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C3\u03C5\u03BD\u03C4\u03B5\u03BB\u03BF\u03CD\u03BD\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B5\u03BA\u03B5\u03AF."@el . . "Als Kolloide (von altgriechisch \u03BA\u03CC\u03BB\u03BB\u03B1 k\u00F3lla \u201ELeim\u201C und \u03B5\u1F36\u03B4\u03BF\u03C2 eidos \u201EForm, Aussehen\u201C) oder Kolloiddispersion werden Teilchen oder Tr\u00F6pfchen bezeichnet, die im Dispersionsmedium (Feststoff, Gas oder Fl\u00FCssigkeit) fein verteilt sind. Die Gr\u00F6\u00DFe der einzelnen Teilchen liegt im Bereich von einem Nanometer bis zu einem Mikrometer. In diesem Gr\u00F6\u00DFenbereich liegen viele Molek\u00FCle sowie die meisten Viren. Je nach Bindungsart zwischen den Atomen der Kolloide k\u00F6nnen unterschieden werden:"@de . . . . . . . . "En qu\u00EDmica un col\u00B7loide, suspensi\u00F3 col\u00B7loidal o dispersi\u00F3 col\u00B7loidal \u00E9s un sistema f\u00EDsic que est\u00E0 compost per dues fases: una cont\u00EDnua, normalment fluida, i una altra dispersa en forma de part\u00EDcules, en general s\u00F2lides, de grand\u00E0ria mesosc\u00F2pica (\u00E9s a dir, a mig cam\u00ED entre els mons macrosc\u00F2pic i microsc\u00F2pic). Un col\u00B7loide \u00E9s una mescla heterog\u00E8nia formada per part\u00EDcules que no s\u00F3n apreciables a primera vista, per\u00F2 molt m\u00E9s grans que qualsevol mol\u00E8cula i que tenen una grand\u00E0ria d'entre 0,1 \u00B5m i 0,001 \u00B5m (1 nm - <100 nm) o el que seria el mateix, m\u00E9s gran de 10-7cm i m\u00E9s petit que 2x10-5cm, dins del que la comunitat cient\u00EDfica defineix com a escala mesosc\u00F2pica."@ca . "Sistem koloid (selanjutnya disingkat \"koloid\" saja) merupakan suatu bentuk campuran dua atau lebih zat yang bersifat heterogen namun memiliki ukuran partikel terdispersi yang cukup besar (1 - 10000 nm), sehingga mengalami Efek Tyndall. Bersifat heterogen berarti partikel terdispersi tidak terpengaruh oleh gaya gravitasi atau gaya lain yang dikenakan kepadanya, sehingga tidak terjadi pengendapan. Misalnya, sifat heterogen ini juga dimiliki oleh larutan, tetapi tidak dimiliki oleh campuran biasa (suspensi).Koloid dijumpai di mana-mana: susu, agar-agar, tinta, sampo, serta awan merupakan contoh-contoh koloid yang dapat dijumpai sehari-hari. Sitoplasma dalam sel juga merupakan sistem koloid. menjadi kajian tersendiri dalam kimia industri karena kepentingannya."@in . 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\u062C\u0633\u064A\u0645\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0639\u062B\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0630\u0627\u0630\u064A\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062D\u062F \u0643\u0628\u064A\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u064A\u0645\u064A\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u0648\u062D \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062C\u0648\u062F\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062F\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063A\u0631\u0648\u064A\u0629. \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u063A\u0631\u0648\u064A\u0627\u062A \u062A\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062A\u0623\u062B\u064A\u0631 \u062A\u064A\u0646\u062F\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062A\u0646\u0627\u062B\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u062A\u0628\u0639\u062B\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0632\u064A\u0626\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062C\u0648\u062F\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062F\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063A\u0631\u0648\u064A\u0629. \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u063A\u0631\u0648\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062E\u0631\u0649 \u0642\u062F \u062A\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062A\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0630\u0627\u062A \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0637\u0641\u064A\u0641\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063A\u0631\u0648\u064A\u0629 (\u062A\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0623\u064A\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062D\u0627\u0644\u064A\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u063A\u0631\u0648\u064A\u0629) \u0647\u064A \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062D \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063A\u0631\u0648\u064A\u0627\u062A. \u0648\u0642\u062F \u062A\u0645\u0651 \u062A\u0642\u062F\u064A\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062C\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0639\u0627\u0645 1861 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0643\u062A\u0644\u0646\u062F\u064A \u062A\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u062C\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0645."@ar . . . . . . . . . "Koloid je ozna\u010Den\u00ED pro obsahuj\u00EDc\u00ED \u010D\u00E1stice, kter\u00E9 svou velikost\u00ED spadaj\u00ED do rozmez\u00ED 1 nm a\u017E 1000 nm (p\u0159\u00EDpadn\u011B 500 nm). Nebo se jedn\u00E1 o l\u00E1tku, kter\u00E1 tvo\u0159\u00ED heterogenn\u00ED disperzn\u00ED soustavu obsahuj\u00EDc\u00ED \u010D\u00E1stice o velikosti v\u00FD\u0161e zm\u00EDn\u011Bn\u00E9. Zaveden\u00ED pojmu koloid souvis\u00ED s t\u00EDm, \u017Ee \u010D\u00E1stice v tomto rozmez\u00ED ud\u011Bluj\u00ED dan\u00E9mu syst\u00E9mu specifick\u00E9 vlastnosti, kter\u00E9 se v mnoha ohledech nevyskytuj\u00ED u \u010D\u00E1stic s velikost\u00ED pod 1 nm (tzv. ) a \u010D\u00E1stic nad 1000 nm, event. 500 nm,."@cs . . "Coll\u00F3ideach"@ga . . . . . . . "Koloid"@cs . . . . "\u041A\u043E\u043B\u043B\u043E\u0438\u0434\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C\u044B, \u043A\u043E\u043B\u043B\u043E\u0438\u0434\u044B (\u0434\u0440.-\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0447. \u03BA\u03CC\u03BB\u03BB\u03B1 \u2014 \u043A\u043B\u0435\u0439 + \u03B5\u1F36\u03B4\u03BF\u03C2 \u2014 \u0432\u0438\u0434; \u00AB\u043A\u043B\u0435\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0434\u043D\u044B\u0435\u00BB) \u2014 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C\u044B, \u043F\u0440\u043E\u043C\u0435\u0436\u0443\u0442\u043E\u0447\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u043C\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043D\u043D\u044B\u043C\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u0431\u043E\u0434\u0438\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043D\u044B\u043C\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u2014 \u0432\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u044F\u043C\u0438, \u0432 \u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u044B\u0445 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043A\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0446\u044B, \u043A\u0430\u043F\u043B\u0438 \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u043F\u0443\u0437\u044B\u0440\u044C\u043A\u0438 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0444\u0430\u0437\u044B, \u0438\u043C\u0435\u044E\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043C\u0435\u0440 \u0445\u043E\u0442\u044F \u0431\u044B \u0432 \u043E\u0434\u043D\u043E\u043C \u0438\u0437 \u0438\u0437\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u043E\u0442 1 \u0434\u043E 1000 \u043D\u043C, \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043B\u0435\u043D\u044B \u0432 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u043E\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435, \u043E\u0431\u044B\u0447\u043D\u043E \u043D\u0435\u043F\u0440\u0435\u0440\u044B\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0439, \u043E\u0442\u043B\u0438\u0447\u0430\u044E\u0449\u0435\u0439\u0441\u044F \u043E\u0442 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043E\u0439 \u043F\u043E \u0441\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0443 \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u0430\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0442\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u0441\u043E\u0441\u0442\u043E\u044F\u043D\u0438\u044E. \u041F\u0440\u0438 \u044D\u0442\u043E\u043C \u043C\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431\u044B \u043C\u0435\u043D\u0435\u0435 100 \u043D\u043C \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043C\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044E\u0442\u0441\u044F \u043A\u0430\u043A \u043E\u0441\u043E\u0431\u044B\u0439 \u043F\u043E\u0434\u043A\u043B\u0430\u0441\u0441, \u043D\u0430\u0437\u044B\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043C\u044B\u0439 \u00AB\u043A\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0442\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043C\u0435\u0440\u043D\u044B\u043C\u0438\u00BB \u043A\u043E\u043B\u043B\u043E\u0438\u0434\u043D\u044B\u043C\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C\u0430\u043C\u0438. \u0412 \u0441\u0432\u043E\u0431\u043E\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0434\u0438\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u043A\u043E\u043B\u043B\u043E\u0438\u0434\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C\u0430\u0445 (\u0434\u044B\u043C\u044B, \u0437\u043E\u043B\u0438) \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0446\u044B \u043D\u0435 \u0432\u044B\u043F\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044E\u0442 \u0432 \u043E\u0441\u0430\u0434\u043E\u043A. \u041A\u043E\u043B\u043B\u043E\u0438\u0434\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u0441\u0443\u0441\u043F\u0435\u043D\u0437\u0438\u0438 \u044F\u0432\u043B\u044F\u044E\u0442\u0441\u044F \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043C\u0435\u0442\u043E\u043C \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u043A\u043E\u043B\u043B\u043E\u0438\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0445\u0438\u043C\u0438\u0438. \u042D\u0442\u0430 \u043E\u0431\u043B\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043B\u0435\u0434\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0431\u044B\u043B\u0430 \u0432\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0430 \u0432 1845 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0443 \u0438\u0442\u0430\u043B\u044C\u044F\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u043C \u0445\u0438\u043C\u0438\u043A\u043E\u043C \u0424\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E \u0421\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043C\u0438, \u0430 \u0441 1861 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430 \u0435\u0451 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043B\u0435\u0434\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043B \u0448\u043E\u0442\u043B\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0422\u043E\u043C\u0430\u0441 \u0413\u0440\u044D\u043C."@ru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u00C1bhar at\u00E1 ilchine\u00E1lach ina strucht\u00FAr is a chomhdh\u00E9anamh. Strucht\u00FAir 1 mm (10-6 m) ar leithead n\u00F3 n\u00EDos l\u00FA a bh\u00EDonn ann, is iad ag sn\u00E1mh i gcomh\u00E1bha(i)r eile. Sampla\u00ED is ea c\u00FAr a sn\u00E1mhann bolg\u00E1in aeir n\u00F3 g\u00E1is eile i leacht \u00E9igin ann: c\u00FAr leanna, uachtar reoite, sobal bearrtha. Sampla eile is ea an eibleacht, p\u00E1irteagail de leacht amh\u00E1in ag sn\u00E1mh i leacht eile: bainne, maon\u00E1is, an-chuid cosmaid\u00ED. Sampla eile is ea an t-easr\u00FA, p\u00E1irteagail sholadacha ag sn\u00E1mh i leacht: d\u00FAch, p\u00E9int, m\u00FAnlach. Ranga\u00EDtear coll\u00F3idigh ina soil, cos\u00FAil le bainne, a bhfuil iompar leachtach den chuid is m\u00F3 acu, agus ina ngl\u00F3thacha, cos\u00FAil le geilitin, a bhfuil iompar soladach den chuid is m\u00F3 acu."@ga . . . . "44699"^^ . . "Als Kolloide (von altgriechisch \u03BA\u03CC\u03BB\u03BB\u03B1 k\u00F3lla \u201ELeim\u201C und \u03B5\u1F36\u03B4\u03BF\u03C2 eidos \u201EForm, Aussehen\u201C) oder Kolloiddispersion werden Teilchen oder Tr\u00F6pfchen bezeichnet, die im Dispersionsmedium (Feststoff, Gas oder Fl\u00FCssigkeit) fein verteilt sind. Die Gr\u00F6\u00DFe der einzelnen Teilchen liegt im Bereich von einem Nanometer bis zu einem Mikrometer. In diesem Gr\u00F6\u00DFenbereich liegen viele Molek\u00FCle sowie die meisten Viren. Neben der Gr\u00F6\u00DFe der Teilchen ist auch ihre gleichm\u00E4\u00DFige Verteilung f\u00FCr ein kolloidales System kennzeichnend, die sich nicht oder nur langsam \u00E4ndert.Sind die Teilchen beweglich (etwa in einem fl\u00FCssigen Dispersionsmedium), so zeigen sie Brownsche Bewegung. Je nach Bindungsart zwischen den Atomen der Kolloide k\u00F6nnen unterschieden werden: \n* Dispersionskolloide enthalten Teilchen, die durch Zerkleinerung, Kondensation oder Peptisation von beliebigen (lyophoben) Stoffen entstanden sind, die sich nicht im Dispersionsmedium l\u00F6sen, z. B. Tonkolloid in Wasser. Eine elektrostatische oder sterische Stabilisierung mit Schutzkolloiden ist notwendig, um eine Aufl\u00F6sung oder Aggregation zu verhindern. Ein thermodynamisches Gleichgewicht liegt nicht vor. \n* Molek\u00FClkolloide enthalten Teilchen die typischerweise aus etwa 100 Atomen bestehen, die \u00FCber Hauptvalenzen gebunden sind. Beispiele sind Heteropolys\u00E4uren, Polysaccharide und Polyphosphate. Der Aufbau entspricht niedermolekularen Substanzen. \n* Assoziationskolloide/ Mizellkolloide enthalten Mizellen, die sich ab einer bestimmten Massenkonzentration selbstt\u00E4tig, d. h. ohne Mitwirkung von Schutzkolloiden oder Peptisatoren, bilden. Beispiele sind Seifen, Tenside und manche Farbstoffe. Kolloidale Suspensionen haben gro\u00DFe Bedeutung in der Nahrungsmittel- und Kosmetikindustrie und in der Grundlagenforschung, insbesondere in der statistischen Physik. Die Kolloidchemie ist der Bereich der Chemie, der sich mit ihren stofflichen Eigenschaften befasst."@de . "Een collo\u00EFde (of collo\u00EFdaal deeltje) is een klein deeltje dat groter is dan een molecuul en een diameter heeft tussen de 1 en de 10.000 nm. Collo\u00EFde is afgeleid van het Griekse kolla (lijm). Het begrip collo\u00EFde werd ge\u00EFntroduceerd in 1861 door de Schotse wetenschapper Thomas Graham (1805-1869) die daarom wordt beschouwd als de grondlegger van de collo\u00EFdchemie."@nl . "\u041A\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0301\u0457\u0434\u043D\u0456 \u0440\u043E\u0437\u0447\u0438\u043D\u0438 \u2014 \u0440\u0435\u0447\u043E\u0432\u0438\u043D\u0438, \u0449\u043E \u0441\u043A\u043B\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044E\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0437 \u0434\u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043C\u0430\u043B\u0435\u043D\u044C\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043E\u043A \u043C\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0457 (\u0434\u0438\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043D\u0430 \u0444\u0430\u0437\u0430), \u044F\u043A\u0456 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0442\u043D\u0456 \u0432 \u0456\u043D\u0448\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u043C\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0430\u043B\u0456."@uk . . . "\u041A\u043E\u043B\u043B\u043E\u0438\u0434\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C\u044B"@ru . . "25.0"^^ . . "Em qu\u00EDmica, coloides (ou sistemas coloidais ou ainda dispers\u00F5es coloidais) s\u00E3o sistemas nos quais um ou mais componentes apresentam pelo menos uma das suas dimens\u00F5es dentro do intervalo de 1nm a 1\u00B5m. A ci\u00EAncia dos coloides ocupa-se com sistemas nos quais um ou mais componentes apresentam pelo menos uma de suas dimens\u00F5es dentro do intervalo de 1nm a 1\u00B5m , ou seja, ela se refere a sistemas contendo tanto mol\u00E9culas grandes como part\u00EDculas pequenas. Coloquialmente, diz-se que as dispers\u00F5es coloidais s\u00E3o dispers\u00F5es intermedi\u00E1rias entre as solu\u00E7\u00F5es verdadeiras e os sistemas heterog\u00EAneos, sendo que as part\u00EDculas dispersas s\u00E3o maiores do que as mol\u00E9culas mas n\u00E3o suficientemente grandes para se depositar pela a\u00E7\u00E3o da gravidade."@pt . "Koloidea edo suspentsio koloidala bi fase dituen sistema da, gehienetan bat likidoa eta bestea partikula solidoz osaturikoa. Disoluzio likidoetan, disolbatzailea da kopuru handiagoan dagoen substantzia (ura, eskuarki), disolbatzeko ahalmena duena, eta solutua da aurrekoan disolbatzen dena, kopuru txikiagoan dagoena. Adibidea ura (disolbatzailea) eta azukrearen (solutua) arteko disoluzioa da. Solutu partikulen neurriaren arabera hiru disoluzio mota daude: Benetako disoluzioen aldean (guztiz gardenak direnak), suspentsio koloidalak uherragoak dira. Suspentsio koloidalak bi egoeratan egon daitezke:"@eu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u039A\u03BF\u03BB\u03BB\u03BF\u03B5\u03B9\u03B4\u03AD\u03C2 \u2013 \u03C3\u03C4\u03B7 \u03C7\u03B7\u03BC\u03B5\u03AF\u03B1 \u2013 \u03C7\u03B1\u03C1\u03B1\u03BA\u03C4\u03B7\u03C1\u03AF\u03B6\u03B5\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C4\u03BF \u03BF\u03BC\u03BF\u03B3\u03B5\u03BD\u03AD\u03C2 \u03BC\u03AF\u03B3\u03BC\u03B1 \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C0\u03B5\u03C1\u03B9\u03AD\u03C7\u03B5\u03B9 \u03BC\u03B9\u03BA\u03C1\u03BF\u03C3\u03BA\u03BF\u03C0\u03B9\u03BA\u03AC \u03C3\u03C9\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03AF\u03B4\u03B9\u03B1 \u03BC\u03B9\u03B1\u03C2 \u03C7\u03B7\u03BC\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE\u03C2 \u03BF\u03C5\u03C3\u03AF\u03B1\u03C2 \u03BF\u03BC\u03BF\u03B9\u03CC\u03BC\u03BF\u03C1\u03C6\u03B1 \u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03C3\u03BA\u03BF\u03C1\u03C0\u03B9\u03C3\u03BC\u03AD\u03BD\u03B1 \u03BC\u03AD\u03C3\u03B1 \u03C3\u03B5 \u03BC\u03B9\u03B1 \u03AC\u03BB\u03BB\u03B7 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C0\u03B1\u03C1\u03B1\u03BC\u03AD\u03BD\u03BF\u03C5\u03BD \u03BC\u03B7 \u03B1\u03BD\u03B1\u03BC\u03AF\u03BE\u03B9\u03BC\u03B1. \u03A4\u03B1 \u03C3\u03C9\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03AF\u03B4\u03B9\u03B1 \u03B1\u03C5\u03C4\u03AC \u03BF\u03BD\u03BF\u03BC\u03AC\u03B6\u03BF\u03BD\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03BC\u03B9\u03BA\u03CD\u03BB\u03BB\u03B9\u03B1 (micelles). \u03A4\u03B1 \u03C3\u03C9\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03AF\u03B4\u03B9\u03B1 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03BA\u03BF\u03BB\u03BB\u03BF\u03B5\u03B9\u03B4\u03BF\u03CD\u03C2 \u03BC\u03C0\u03BF\u03C1\u03B5\u03AF \u03BD\u03B1 \u03B5\u03AF\u03BD\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C3\u03C4\u03B5\u03C1\u03B5\u03AC \u03AE \u03C5\u03B3\u03C1\u03AC (\u03C3\u03C4\u03B1\u03B3\u03BF\u03BD\u03AF\u03B4\u03B9\u03B1) \u03AE \u03B1\u03BA\u03CC\u03BC\u03B1 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B1\u03AD\u03C1\u03B9\u03B1 (\u03C6\u03C5\u03C3\u03B1\u03BB\u03AF\u03B4\u03B5\u03C2). \u038C\u03C0\u03C9\u03C2 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C4\u03B1 \u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03BB\u03CD\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03B1, \u03C5\u03C0\u03AC\u03C1\u03C7\u03BF\u03C5\u03BD \u03BA\u03BF\u03BB\u03BB\u03BF\u03B5\u03B9\u03B4\u03AE \u03C4\u03B1 \u03BF\u03C0\u03BF\u03AF\u03B1 \u03AD\u03C7\u03BF\u03C5\u03BD \u03C9\u03C2 \u03BC\u03AD\u03C3\u03BF \u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03C3\u03C0\u03BF\u03C1\u03AC\u03C2 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03C3\u03C0\u03B5\u03B9\u03C1\u03CC\u03BC\u03B5\u03BD\u03B7 \u03BF\u03C5\u03C3\u03AF\u03B1 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C3\u03C4\u03B9\u03C2 \u03C4\u03C1\u03B5\u03B9\u03C2 \u03C6\u03AC\u03C3\u03B5\u03B9\u03C2 (\u03C3\u03C4\u03B5\u03C1\u03B5\u03CC, \u03C5\u03B3\u03C1\u03CC, \u03B1\u03AD\u03C1\u03B9\u03BF), \u03BC\u03B5 \u03B5\u03BE\u03B1\u03AF\u03C1\u03B5\u03C3\u03B7 \u03B1\u03C5\u03C4\u03AE \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03BF\u03B9 \u03B4\u03CD\u03BF \u03C6\u03AC\u03C3\u03B5\u03B9\u03C2 \u03B5\u03AF\u03BD\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B1\u03AD\u03C1\u03B9\u03B5\u03C2. \u03A7\u03B1\u03C1\u03B1\u03BA\u03C4\u03B7\u03C1\u03B9\u03C3\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AC \u03C0\u03B1\u03C1\u03B1\u03B4\u03B5\u03AF\u03B3\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03B1 \u03BA\u03BF\u03BB\u03BB\u03BF\u03B5\u03B9\u03B4\u03CE\u03BD \u03B5\u03AF\u03BD\u03B1\u03B9:"@el . . . "Collo\u00EFde"@fr . . . . . . "Colloide"@it . "En qu\u00EDmica un col\u00B7loide, suspensi\u00F3 col\u00B7loidal o dispersi\u00F3 col\u00B7loidal \u00E9s un sistema f\u00EDsic que est\u00E0 compost per dues fases: una cont\u00EDnua, normalment fluida, i una altra dispersa en forma de part\u00EDcules, en general s\u00F2lides, de grand\u00E0ria mesosc\u00F2pica (\u00E9s a dir, a mig cam\u00ED entre els mons macrosc\u00F2pic i microsc\u00F2pic). Un col\u00B7loide \u00E9s una mescla heterog\u00E8nia formada per part\u00EDcules que no s\u00F3n apreciables a primera vista, per\u00F2 molt m\u00E9s grans que qualsevol mol\u00E8cula i que tenen una grand\u00E0ria d'entre 0,1 \u00B5m i 0,001 \u00B5m (1 nm - <100 nm) o el que seria el mateix, m\u00E9s gran de 10-7cm i m\u00E9s petit que 2x10-5cm, dins del que la comunitat cient\u00EDfica defineix com a escala mesosc\u00F2pica."@ca . . . . "Col\u00B7loide"@ca . "Koloide"@eu . . "Colloid: Short synonym for colloidal system.\n\nColloidal: State of subdivision such that the molecules or polymolecular particles dispersed in a medium have at least one dimension between approximately 1 nm and 1 \u03BCm, or that in a system discontinuities are found at distances of that order."@en . . . . . . . . "\u5728\u5316\u5B78\u4E2D\uFF0C\u81A0\u9AD4\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1AColloid\uFF09\u53C8\u7A31\u81A0\u72C0\u5206\u6563\u9AD4\uFF08colloidal dispersion\uFF09\u662F\u4E00\u7A2E\uFF0C\u662F\u7684\uFF0C\u5728\u81A0\u9AD4\u4E2D\u542B\u6709\u5169\u7A2E\u4E0D\u540C\u76F8\u614B\u7684\u7269\u8CEA\uFF0C\u88AB\u5206\u6563\u7684\u7269\u8D28\u79F0\u4E3A\u5206\u6563\u76F8\uFF08\u6216\uFF1A\u5206\u6563\u8D28\uFF09\uFF0C\u53E6\u4E00\u79CD\u8FDE\u7EED\u5206\u5E03\u7684\u7269\u8D28\u79F0\u4E3A\u5206\u6563\u4ECB\u8D28\uFF08\u6216\uFF1A\u5206\u6563\u5242\u3001\u5206\u6563\u5A92\uFF09\u3002\u5206\u6563\u7684\u4E00\u90E8\u5206\u53EF\u4EE5\u662F\u7531\u8BB8\u591A\u539F\u5B50\u6216\u5206\u5B50\uFF08103-106\u4E2A\uFF09\u7D44\u6210\u7684\u6709\u754C\u9762\u7684\u7C92\u5B50\uFF0C\u5927\u5C0F\uFF08\u76F4\u5F84\uFF09\u4ECB\u65BC1nm\u5230100nm\u4E4B\u9593\uFF0C\u4E5F\u53EF\u4EE5\u662F\u6CA1\u6709\u76F8\u754C\u9762\u7684\u5927\u5206\u5B50\u6216\u80F6\u675F\uFF0C\u524D\u8005\u79F0\u4E3A\u6EB6\u80F6\uFF0C\u540E\u8005\u79F0\u4E3A\u9AD8\u5206\u5B50\u6EB6\u6DB2\u6216\u7F14\u5408\u80F6\u4F53\u3002"@zh . . . . . . . "\uAD50\uC9C8(\u81A0\u8CEA, colloid \uCF5C\uB85C\uC774\uB4DC[*])\uC740 \uD63C\uD569\uBB3C\uC758 \uC77C\uC885\uC73C\uB85C, 1 \uB098\uB178\uBBF8\uD130\uC5D0\uC11C 100 \uB9C8\uC774\uD06C\uB85C\uBBF8\uD130 \uC0AC\uC774\uC758 \uD06C\uAE30\uB97C \uAC16\uB294 \uC785\uC790\uB4E4\uB85C \uAD6C\uC131\uB41C \uAC83\uC744 \uAC00\uB9AC\uD0A8\uB2E4. \uC6A9\uC9C8\uC774 \uC6A9\uB9E4\uC5D0 \uC644\uC804\uD788 \uB179\uC544 \uC788\uB294 \uC6A9\uC561\uACFC\uB294 \uB2EC\uB9AC, \uAD50\uC9C8\uC740 \uC785\uC790\uAC00 \uADE0\uC77C\uD558\uAC8C \uD37C\uC838 '\uC6A9\uB9E4' \uC18D\uC5D0 \uB5A0 \uB2E4\uB2C8\uB294 \uC591\uC0C1\uC744 \uB764\uB2E4. \uB2E4\uC2DC \uB9D0\uD574\uC11C, \uC785\uC790\uAC00 \uCDA9\uBD84\uD788 \uC791\uC544 \uAD50\uC9C8\uC758 \uC5B4\uB290 \uBD80\uBD84\uC744 \uCDE8\uD574\uB3C4 \uAC19\uC740 \uBB3C\uB9AC\uC801 \uC131\uC9C8\uC744 \uB098\uD0C0\uB0B4\uC9C0\uB9CC, \uB610\uD55C \uC785\uC790\uAC00 \uC644\uC804\uD788 \uC6A9\uD574\uB418\uC9C0 \uC54A\uC544\uC11C \uBE5B\uC744 \uC0B0\uB780\uC2DC\uD0AC \uC218 \uC788\uB2E4. \uBAA8\uB4E0 \uAD6C\uC131 \uC785\uC790\uC758 \uD06C\uAE30\uAC00 1 \uB098\uB178\uBBF8\uD130\uBCF4\uB2E4 \uC791\uC544\uC9C0\uBA74 \uADE0\uC77C \uD63C\uD569\uBB3C(\uC6A9\uC561)\uC774 \uB418\uBA70, \uD55C \uC885\uB958 \uC774\uC0C1\uC758 \uAD6C\uC131 \uC785\uC790\uC758 \uD06C\uAE30\uAC00 \uC218\uC2ED \uB9C8\uC774\uD06C\uB85C\uBBF8\uD130 \uC774\uC0C1\uC774 \uB418\uBA74 \uC77C\uBC18\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uB85C \uBD84\uB958\uB41C\uB2E4. \uAD50\uC9C8\uC740 \uADE0\uC77C \uD63C\uD569\uBB3C(\uC6A9\uC561)\uACFC \uBD88\uADE0\uC77C \uD63C\uD569\uBB3C\uC758 \uC0AC\uC774\uC5D0 \uC704\uCE58\uD55C\uB2E4. \uAD50\uC9C8\uC740 \uCE5C\uC218\uAE30\uAC00 \uC788\uC5B4 \uBB3C\uACFC \uC798 \uC11E\uC774\uB294\uB370, \uC218\uC6A9\uC561\uC5D0 \uB2E4\uB7C9\uC758 \uC804\uD574\uC9C8\uC774 \uC788\uC744\uC2DC \uC774 \uC804\uD574\uC9C8 \uC774\uC628\uC774 \uBB3C \uBD84\uC790\uB97C \uBE7C\uC557\uAE30\uC5D0 \uCF5C\uB85C\uC774\uB4DC\uAC00 \uBB49\uCE5C\uB2E4. \uAD50\uC9C8\uC740 \uC6B0\uC720\uC758 \uACBD\uC6B0\uC640 \uAC19\uC774 \uB450 \uAC00\uC9C0 \uC774\uC0C1\uC758 \uBB3C\uC9C8\uB85C \uAD6C\uC131\uB418\uC5B4 \uC788\uB294 \uACBD\uC6B0\uB3C4 \uC788\uACE0, \uACE0\uBB34\uC640 \uAC19\uC774 \uD55C \uAC00\uC9C0\uC758 \uBB3C\uC9C8\uB9CC\uC73C\uB85C \uAD6C\uC131\uB418\uC5B4 \uC788\uB294 \uACBD\uC6B0\uB3C4 \uC788\uB2E4."@ko . . . "Colloid"@en . . . . . . "Uk\u0142ad koloidalny"@pl . "Een collo\u00EFde (of collo\u00EFdaal deeltje) is een klein deeltje dat groter is dan een molecuul en een diameter heeft tussen de 1 en de 10.000 nm. Collo\u00EFde is afgeleid van het Griekse kolla (lijm). Het begrip collo\u00EFde werd ge\u00EFntroduceerd in 1861 door de Schotse wetenschapper Thomas Graham (1805-1869) die daarom wordt beschouwd als de grondlegger van de collo\u00EFdchemie."@nl . . . . "\u063A\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064A"@ar . . . . . . . "Koloidea edo suspentsio koloidala bi fase dituen sistema da, gehienetan bat likidoa eta bestea partikula solidoz osaturikoa. Disoluzio likidoetan, disolbatzailea da kopuru handiagoan dagoen substantzia (ura, eskuarki), disolbatzeko ahalmena duena, eta solutua da aurrekoan disolbatzen dena, kopuru txikiagoan dagoena. Adibidea ura (disolbatzailea) eta azukrearen (solutua) arteko disoluzioa da. Solutu partikulen neurriaren arabera hiru disoluzio mota daude: \n* esekidurak edo dispertsioak: solutu partikulen diametroa 0,1 \u03BCm baino handiagoa denean. Solutu hauek hauspeatzen dituzte disoluzioan uzten badira. \n* suspentsio koloidala: solutuak esekiduretan baino txikiagoak dira, eta 0,001 eta 0,1 \u03BCm arteko diametroa dute. Solutu hauek, aurrekoen aldean, ez dira mikroskopio optikoan ikusten, eta soilik ultrazentrifugazioa aplikatzen denean hauspeatzen dituzte. \n* benetako disoluzioak: solutuen neurria 0,001 \u03BCm baino txikiagoa denean. Solutu hauek ez dira ikusten ezta mikroskopio elektronikoan ere. Ez dute inoiz hauspeatzen, ezta ultrazentrifugazioarekin ere. Benetako disoluzioen aldean (guztiz gardenak direnak), suspentsio koloidalak uherragoak dira. Koloideen ezaugarri nagusia, beraz, solutu partikulen neurrian datza, haien ezaugarri kimikoen gainetik. Koloideek garrantzi handia dute biologian. Zelularen zitosola suspentsio koloidala da, adibidez. Proteinak eta lipidoak dituzten hainbat likido organiko koloideak dira. Suspentsio koloidalak bi egoeratan egon daitezke: \n* Sol egoeran: hau da benetako egoera koloidala, eta itxura likidoa du. \n* Gel egoeran: solak ura galtzen duenean gel bihurtzen da; itxura likatsua du (erdi solidoa) Zenbait alderdi fisiko-kimikok (pHak, tenperaturak, gatzen kontzentrazioek...) disoluzio koloidalak egoera batetik bestera erraz igarotzea ahalbidetzen dute. Sistema biologikoetan ere sol eta gel egoeren aldaketak gertatzen dira: amebek, kasu, holako aldaketak gauzatzen dituzte haien zitoplasman, eta haiei esker mugikortasuna lortzen dute. Koloide ohikoenak dira fase likidoa (fluidoa edo fase jarraitua) eta fase solidoa (solutua edo fase barreiatua) dutenak. Sol deritzonak dira (solutu partikulak solidoak dira eta likido batean daude barreiaturik). Halere, beste koloide mota batzuk egon daitezke: \n* emultsioak: solutua likidoa eta fluidoa ere likidoa denean \n* aerosolak: solutua likido edo solidoa denean, eta fluidoa gasa \n* aparrak: solutua eta fluidoa, biak, solidoak direnean"@eu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u00C1bhar at\u00E1 ilchine\u00E1lach ina strucht\u00FAr is a chomhdh\u00E9anamh. Strucht\u00FAir 1 mm (10-6 m) ar leithead n\u00F3 n\u00EDos l\u00FA a bh\u00EDonn ann, is iad ag sn\u00E1mh i gcomh\u00E1bha(i)r eile. Sampla\u00ED is ea c\u00FAr a sn\u00E1mhann bolg\u00E1in aeir n\u00F3 g\u00E1is eile i leacht \u00E9igin ann: c\u00FAr leanna, uachtar reoite, sobal bearrtha. Sampla eile is ea an eibleacht, p\u00E1irteagail de leacht amh\u00E1in ag sn\u00E1mh i leacht eile: bainne, maon\u00E1is, an-chuid cosmaid\u00ED. Sampla eile is ea an t-easr\u00FA, p\u00E1irteagail sholadacha ag sn\u00E1mh i leacht: d\u00FAch, p\u00E9int, m\u00FAnlach. Ranga\u00EDtear coll\u00F3idigh ina soil, cos\u00FAil le bainne, a bhfuil iompar leachtach den chuid is m\u00F3 acu, agus ina ngl\u00F3thacha, cos\u00FAil le geilitin, a bhfuil iompar soladach den chuid is m\u00F3 acu."@ga . . . . . . "Uk\u0142ad koloidalny, uk\u0142ad koloidowy, roztw\u00F3r koloidalny, zawiesina koloidalna, potocznie koloid \u2013 niejednorodna mieszanina, zwykle dwufazowa, tworz\u0105ca uk\u0142ad dw\u00F3ch substancji, w kt\u00F3rym jedna z nich jest rozproszona w drugiej. Rozdrobnienie (czyli stopie\u0144 dyspersji) substancji rozproszonej jest tak du\u017Ce, \u017Ce fizycznie mieszanina sprawia wra\u017Cenie homogenicznej, jednak nie jest to wymieszanie na poziomie pojedynczych cz\u0105steczek."@pl . "Collo\u00EFde"@nl . . . . . . . . . . . . "Les collo\u00EFdes sont d\u00E9finis internationalement, par l'International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, comme des \"syst\u00E8mes collo\u00EFdaux\", avec la d\u00E9finition suivante : Le terme d\u00E9signe un \u00E9tat de subdivision, avec des mol\u00E9cules ou des particules polymol\u00E9culaires dispers\u00E9es dans un milieu et dont la taille, au moins dans une direction, est entre 1 nanom\u00E8tre et 1 microm\u00E8tre, ou avec des discontinuit\u00E9s \u00E0 des distances de cet ordre de grandeur. Un collo\u00EFde est ainsi une dispersion d'une ou plusieurs substances suspendues dans un liquide, formant un syst\u00E8me \u00E0 deux phases s\u00E9par\u00E9es. Il s'agit d'un m\u00E9lange h\u00E9t\u00E9rog\u00E8ne de particules dont les dimensions vont du nanom\u00E8tre au microm\u00E8tre. Ces particules ont donc la taille d'une nanoparticule, m\u00EAme si elles ne sont pas sp\u00E9cifiquement consid\u00E9r\u00E9es en tant que telles. On parle de \u00AB suspension \u00BB pour un collo\u00EFde et non de \u00AB solution \u00BB.Les colles et les gels sont des collo\u00EFdes et forment des suspensions dites collo\u00EFdales.Les suspensions collo\u00EFdales sont interm\u00E9diaires entre les suspensions (particules de taille sup\u00E9rieure au microm\u00E8tre) et les solutions vraies (particules de taille inf\u00E9rieure au nanom\u00E8tre). Un collo\u00EFde peut aussi \u00EAtre une substance sous forme de liquide ou gal\u00E9nique semi-solide comme certaines pr\u00E9parations pharmaceutiques, cosm\u00E9tiques, etc. qui contiennent en suspension des particules suffisamment petites pour que le m\u00E9lange soit homog\u00E8ne. La pectine (polysaccharide), certaines prot\u00E9ines, telles l'ovalbumine ou la g\u00E9latine, forment des suspensions collo\u00EFdales, dites macromol\u00E9culaires et permettent de fabriquer des flans et des gel\u00E9es. D'autres glucides de haut poids mol\u00E9culaire, tels l'amidon ou la cellulose, peuvent \u00E9galement former des collo\u00EFdes.Les peintures sans odeur, le lait ou le plasma sanguin sont des suspensions collo\u00EFdales. Les m\u00E9taux, comme l'argent (Collargol) ou l'or, le cuivre, peuvent se pr\u00E9senter sous forme de suspension collo\u00EFdale. Les compos\u00E9s tensio-actifs (d\u00E9tergents) forment des suspensions collo\u00EFdales dites micellaires. Les pellicules photographiques sont des gels. Le terme \u00AB collo\u00EFde \u00BB vient du grec \u03BA\u03CC\u03BB\u03BB\u03B1 / k\u00F3lla, \u00AB colle \u00BB, nomm\u00E9 ainsi par Graham en 1861 car la substance ne diffuse pas \u00E0 travers une membrane semi-perm\u00E9able."@fr . . . . . . . . "\u039A\u03BF\u03BB\u03BB\u03BF\u03B5\u03B9\u03B4\u03AD\u03C2"@el . . . . . . . . . "A colloid is a mixture in which one substance consisting of microscopically dispersed insoluble particles is suspended throughout another substance. Some definitions specify that the particles must be dispersed in a liquid, while others extend the definition to include substances like aerosols and gels. The term colloidal suspension refers unambiguously to the overall mixture (although a narrower sense of the word suspension is distinguished from colloids by larger particle size). A colloid has a dispersed phase (the suspended particles) and a continuous phase (the medium of suspension). The dispersed phase particles have a diameter of approximately 1 nanometre to 1 micrometre. Some colloids are translucent because of the Tyndall effect, which is the scattering of light by particles in the colloid. Other colloids may be opaque or have a slight color. Colloidal suspensions are the subject of interface and colloid science. This field of study was introduced in 1845 by Italian chemist Francesco Selmi and further investigated since 1861 by Scottish scientist Thomas Graham. IUPAC definition Colloid: Short synonym for colloidal system. Colloidal: State of subdivision such that the molecules or polymolecular particles dispersed in a medium have at least one dimension between approximately 1 nm and 1 \u03BCm, or that in a system discontinuities are found at distances of that order."@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "1124275533"^^ . "Kolloid"@de . "Koloido (el la greka vorto por gluo) estas likva\u0135o kun tre malgrandaj partikloj (0,001 \u011Dis 1 \u03BCm) enmiksitaj. Tia likva\u0135o kemie trovi\u011Das meze inter efektiva solva\u0135o kaj miksa\u0135o. Koloida sistemo povas esti solida, likva, a\u016D gasa. La terminon kreis la skota kemiisto Thomas Graham en 1861."@eo . . "\u041A\u043E\u043B\u043B\u043E\u0438\u0434\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C\u044B, \u043A\u043E\u043B\u043B\u043E\u0438\u0434\u044B (\u0434\u0440.-\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0447. \u03BA\u03CC\u03BB\u03BB\u03B1 \u2014 \u043A\u043B\u0435\u0439 + \u03B5\u1F36\u03B4\u03BF\u03C2 \u2014 \u0432\u0438\u0434; \u00AB\u043A\u043B\u0435\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0434\u043D\u044B\u0435\u00BB) \u2014 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C\u044B, \u043F\u0440\u043E\u043C\u0435\u0436\u0443\u0442\u043E\u0447\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u043C\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043D\u043D\u044B\u043C\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u0431\u043E\u0434\u0438\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043D\u044B\u043C\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u2014 \u0432\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u044F\u043C\u0438, \u0432 \u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u044B\u0445 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043A\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0446\u044B, \u043A\u0430\u043F\u043B\u0438 \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u043F\u0443\u0437\u044B\u0440\u044C\u043A\u0438 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0444\u0430\u0437\u044B, \u0438\u043C\u0435\u044E\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043C\u0435\u0440 \u0445\u043E\u0442\u044F \u0431\u044B \u0432 \u043E\u0434\u043D\u043E\u043C \u0438\u0437 \u0438\u0437\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u043E\u0442 1 \u0434\u043E 1000 \u043D\u043C, \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043B\u0435\u043D\u044B \u0432 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u043E\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435, \u043E\u0431\u044B\u0447\u043D\u043E \u043D\u0435\u043F\u0440\u0435\u0440\u044B\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0439, \u043E\u0442\u043B\u0438\u0447\u0430\u044E\u0449\u0435\u0439\u0441\u044F \u043E\u0442 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043E\u0439 \u043F\u043E \u0441\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0443 \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u0430\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0442\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u0441\u043E\u0441\u0442\u043E\u044F\u043D\u0438\u044E. \u041F\u0440\u0438 \u044D\u0442\u043E\u043C \u043C\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431\u044B \u043C\u0435\u043D\u0435\u0435 100 \u043D\u043C \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043C\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044E\u0442\u0441\u044F \u043A\u0430\u043A \u043E\u0441\u043E\u0431\u044B\u0439 \u043F\u043E\u0434\u043A\u043B\u0430\u0441\u0441, \u043D\u0430\u0437\u044B\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043C\u044B\u0439 \u00AB\u043A\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0442\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043C\u0435\u0440\u043D\u044B\u043C\u0438\u00BB \u043A\u043E\u043B\u043B\u043E\u0438\u0434\u043D\u044B\u043C\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C\u0430\u043C\u0438. \u0412 \u0441\u0432\u043E\u0431\u043E\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0434\u0438\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u043A\u043E\u043B\u043B\u043E\u0438\u0434\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C\u0430\u0445 (\u0434\u044B\u043C\u044B, \u0437\u043E\u043B\u0438) \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0446\u044B \u043D\u0435 \u0432\u044B\u043F\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044E\u0442 \u0432 \u043E\u0441\u0430\u0434\u043E\u043A."@ru . . . . "\u041A\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0457\u0434\u0438"@uk . . . . . . "Sistem koloid"@in .