. . "\u7535\u89C6"@en . . . . . "\u6F22\u8A9E\u53C8\u7A31\u4E2D\u6587\u3001\u83EF\u8A9E\u3001\u5510\u8A71\uFF0C\u6982\u6307\u7531\u4E0A\u53E4\u6C49\u8BED\uFF08\u5148\u79E6\u96C5\u8A00\uFF09\u53D1\u5C55\u800C\u6765\u3001\u66F8\u9762\u4F7F\u7528\u6C49\u5B57\u7684\u5206\u6790\u8BED\uFF0C\u4E3A\u6C49\u85CF\u8BED\u7CFB\u6700\u5927\u7684\u4E00\u652F\u8BED\u65CF\u3002\u5982\u628A\u6574\u4E2A\u6C49\u8BED\u65CF\u8996\u70BA\u55AE\u4E00\u8A9E\u8A00\uFF0C\u5219\u6C49\u8BED\u4E3A\u4E16\u754C\u4F7F\u7528\u4EBA\u6570\u6700\u591A\u7684\u8BED\u8A00\uFF0C\u76EE\u524D\u5168\u4E16\u754C\u6709\u4E94\u5206\u4E4B\u4E00\u4EBA\u53E3\u5C06\u6C49\u8BED\u505A\u70BA\u6BCD\u8A9E\u6216\u7B2C\u4E8C\u8A9E\u8A00\u3002 \u6F22\u8A9E\u5728\u4EE5\u5176\u505A\u70BA\u6BCD\u8A9E\u7684\u5730\u65B9\u6703\u6709\u4E0D\u540C\u7684\u901A\u7A31\uFF0C\u4E14\u6709\u591A\u7A2E\u65B9\u8A00\u53D8\u4F53\uFF0C\u5176\u4E2D\u4EE5\u5317\u65B9\u6C49\u8BED\u4E3A\u57FA\u7840\u7684\u5B98\u8A71\u6700\u70BA\u6D41\u884C\uFF0C\u5176\u884D\u751F\u800C\u4F86\u7684\u73FE\u4EE3\u6A19\u6E96\u6F22\u8A9E\uFF08\u4E2D\u534E\u4EBA\u6C11\u5171\u548C\u56FD\u7684\u666E\u901A\u8A71\u3001\u4E2D\u83EF\u6C11\u570B\u7684\u570B\u8A9E\u3001\u4EE5\u53CA\u65B0\u52A0\u5761\u7684\u6807\u51C6\u534E\u8BED\uFF09\u662F\u5927\u4E2D\u534E\u533A\u7684\u4E3B\u8981\u901A\u7528\u8BED\u3002\u6B64\u5916\uFF0C\u6F22\u8A9E\u9084\u662F\u806F\u5408\u570B\u6B63\u5F0F\u8A9E\u6587\uFF0C\u4E26\u88AB\u4E0A\u6D77\u5408\u4F5C\u7EC4\u7EC7\u7B49\u570B\u969B\u7D44\u7E54\u63A1\u7528\u70BA\u5B98\u65B9\u8A9E\u8A00\u3002\u570B\u969B\u4E0A\u5E38\u5C07\u201C\u6F22\u8A9E\u201D\u7A31\u70BA\u201C\u4E2D\u6587\u201D\uFF0C\u9019\u662F\u56E0\u70BA\u5176\u4ED6\u570B\u5BB6\uFF08\u9664\u65E5\u672C\u5916\uFF09\u5747\u4F7F\u7528\u8868\u97F3\u6587\u5B57\uFF0C\u5C0D\u65BC\u201C\u6587\u201D\u8207\u201C\u8A9E\u201D\u4E26\u4E0D\u4F5C\u5340\u5206\uFF0C\u4E0D\u7B26\u5408\u6F22\u8A9E\u8A9E\u6CD5\uFF1B\u7136\u800C\u83EF\u4EBA\u4F7F\u7528\u8868\u610F\u6587\u5B57\uFF0C\u6587\u5B57\u4E26\u4E0D\u7B49\u65BC\u8A9E\u8A00\uFF0C\u4F5C\u70BA\u6BCD\u8A9E\u4EBA\u58EB\u4E0D\u5B9C\u96A8\u4E4B\u8AA4\u7528\u3002 \u5BF9\u4E8E\u6C49\u8BED\u4E0B\u5C6C\u8A9E\u8A00\u7684\u5206\u985E\uFF0C\u5B66\u754C\u4E3B\u8981\u6709\u4E24\u79CD\u89C2\u70B9\uFF0C\u4E00\u79CD\u89C2\u70B9\u5C06\u6C49\u8BED\u5B9A\u4E49\u4E3A\u8BED\u8A00\uFF0C\u5E76\u5C06\u5B98\u8BDD\u3001\u8D1B\u8A9E\u3001\u95FD\u8BED\u3001\u7CA4\u8BED\u3001\u5BA2\u5BB6\u8BDD\u3001\u5434\u8BED\u3001\u6E58\u8BED\u4E03\u5927\u5206\u652F\u5B9A\u4E49\u4E3A\u4E00\u7EA7\u65B9\u8A00\uFF1B\u53E6\u4E00\u79CD\u89C2\u70B9\u5219\u5C06\u6C49\u8BED\u89C6\u4E3A\u8BED\u65CF\uFF0C\u4E03\u5927\u5206\u652F\u56E0\u7121\u6CD5\u4E92\u76F8\u6E9D\u901A\u800C\u8996\u70BA\u8BED\u652F\uFF0C\u800C\u8BED\u652F\u4E0B\u9762\u7684\u5404\u4E2A\u5206\u652F\u88AB\u89C6\u4E3A\u72EC\u7ACB\u7684\u8BED\u8A00\uFF0C\u5982\u570B\u969B\u6A19\u6E96\u5316\u7D44\u7E54\u5C31\u5C07\u6F22\u8A9E\u65CF\u5206\u70BA13\u7A2E\u8A9E\u8A00\uFF1A\u95FD\u4E1C\u8BED\u3001\u664B\u8BED\u3001\u5B98\u8BDD\u3001\u8386\u4ED9\u8BED\u3001\u5FBD\u8BED\u3001\u95FD\u4E2D\u8BED\u3001\u8D63\u8BED\u3001\u5BA2\u5BB6\u8BDD\u3001\u6E58\u8BED\u3001\u95FD\u5317\u8BED\u3001\u95FD\u5357\u8BED\u3001\u5434\u8BED\u3001\u7CA4\u8BED\u3002\u7121\u8AD6\u7528\u54EA\u7A2E\u89C0\u9EDE\uFF0C\u4E0A\u8FF0\u5404\u79CD\u8BED\u8A00\u90FD\u662F\u5E73\u7B49\u7684\uFF0C\u5B83\u5011\u90FD\u662F\u6F22\u8A9E\u88E1\u7684\u4E00\u5206\u5B50\uFF1B\u800C\u6F22\u8A9E\u662F\u5B83\u5011\u7684\u96C6\u5408\u9AD4\uFF0C\u4E26\u975E\u5C08\u6307\u5B83\u5011\u7576\u4E2D\u7684\u5176\u4E2D\u4E00\u7A2E\u3002"@zh . . . "Proportions of first-language speakers"@en . . "no"@en . . . . . . "\u6C49\u8BED"@en . . . "5751"^^ . . . "\u9084"@en . . "Transcriptions:"@en . "zh"@en . . "Pinyin"@en . "CIF\u50F9"@en . . "yue"@en . . . "Bahasa Tionghoa (\u6C49\u8BED/\u6F22\u8A9E, \u534E\u8BED/\u83EF\u8A9E, atau \u4E2D\u6587; Pinyin: H\u00E0ny\u01D4, Hu\u00E1y\u01D4, atau Zh\u014Dngw\u00E9n) adalah bagian dari rumpun bahasa Sino-Tibet. Meskipun kebanyakan orang Tionghoa menganggap berbagai varian bahasa Tionghoa lisan sebagai satu bahasa, variasi dalam bahasa-bahasa lisan tersebut sebanding dengan variasi-variasi yang ada dalam misalkan bahasa Roman; bahasa tertulisnya juga telah berubah bentuk seiring dengan perjalanan waktu, meski lebih lambat dibandingkan dengan bentuk lisannya, dan oleh sebab itu mampu melebihi variasi-variasi dalam bentuk lisannya."@in . . "\uC911\uAD6D\uC5B4\uD30C(\u4E2D\u570B\u8A9E\u6D3E, \uC911\uAD6D\uC5B4 \uAC04\uCCB4\uC790: \u6C49\u8BED\u65CF, \uC601\uC5B4: Sinitic languages) \uB610\uB294 \uC77C\uBC18\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uC911\uAD6D\uC5B4(\u4E2D\u570B\u8A9E, \uC911\uAD6D\uC5B4 \uAC04\uCCB4\uC790: \u6C49\u8BED, \uC601\uC5B4: Chinese languages)\uB294 \uD2F0\uBCA0\uD2B8\uBC84\uB9C8\uC5B4\uD30C\uC640 \uD568\uAED8 \uC911\uAD6D\uD2F0\uBCA0\uD2B8\uC5B4\uC871\uC758 \uD55C \uC5B4\uD30C\uC774\uB2E4. \uBC14\uC774\uC5B4\uB294 \uC911\uAD6D\uC5B4\uD30C\uC778\uC9C0 \uD2F0\uBCA0\uD2B8\uBC84\uB9C8\uC5B4\uD30C\uC778\uC9C0 \uB17C\uC7C1\uC911\uC774\uB2E4."@ko . . . . . "zho" . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u5954\u817E"@en . . ","@en . . . . . . "\u903B\u8F91"@en . . "\u9A6C\u8FBE"@en . . . . "Les langues chinoises (chinois simplifi\u00E9 : \u4E2D\u56FD\u8BED\u6587 ; chinois traditionnel : \u4E2D\u570B\u8A9E\u6587 ; pinyin : zh\u014Dngg\u00FAo y\u01D4w\u00E9n) ou langues sinitiques, souvent d\u00E9sign\u00E9es dans leur ensemble sous le nom de \u00AB chinois \u00BB (\u4E2D\u6587, zh\u014Dngw\u00E9n), appartiennent \u00E0 la famille des langues sino-tib\u00E9taines. Articles d\u00E9taill\u00E9s : chinois \u00E9crit et chinois parl\u00E9."@fr . . . . "\u9AD8\u5C14\u592B"@en . "\u7D93\u6FDF"@en . . . "Chinese (\u4E2D\u6587; Zh\u014Dngw\u00E9n, especially for the written language) is any one of a group of languages spoken natively by the ethnic Han Chinese majority and many minority ethnic groups in Greater China. About 1.3 billion people (or approximately 16% of the world's population) speak a variety of Chinese as their first language."@en . . . "\u041A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0430 \u043C\u043E\u0432\u0430"@uk . "\u4E2D\u56FD\u8A9E\uFF08\u3061\u3085\u3046\u3054\u304F\u3054\u3001: \u6C49\u8BED/\u6F22\u8A9E/\u4E2D\u6587 \u3001\u30D4\u30F3\u30A4\u30F3: H\u00E0ny\u01D4/Zh\u014Dngw\u00E9n\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u30B7\u30CA\u30FB\u30C1\u30D9\u30C3\u30C8\u8A9E\u65CF\u306B\u5C5E\u3059\u308B\u8A00\u8A9E\u3002\u4E2D\u83EF\u4EBA\u6C11\u5171\u548C\u56FD\uFF08\u4E2D\u56FD\u5927\u9678\uFF09\u30FB\u4E2D\u83EF\u6C11\u56FD\uFF08\u53F0\u6E7E\uFF09\u30FB\u30B7\u30F3\u30AC\u30DD\u30FC\u30EB\u5171\u548C\u56FD\u306E\u516C\u7528\u8A9E\u3067\u3042\u308B\u307B\u304B\u3001\u4E16\u754C\u5404\u56FD\u306B\u4F4F\u3080\u83EF\u50D1\u30FB\u83EF\u4EBA\u306E\u9593\u3067\u3082\u4F7F\u7528\u3055\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002 \u5404\u65B9\u8A00\u3092\u542B\u3080\u4E2D\u56FD\u8A9E\u3092\u6BCD\u8A9E\u3068\u3059\u308B\u4EBA\u306F\u7D0413\u51049000\u4E07\u4EBA\u3001\u7B2C\u4E8C\u8A00\u8A9E\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3082\u7D042\u5104\u4EBA\u304C\u4F7F\u7528\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3068\u3044\u308F\u308C\u3066\u304A\u308A\u3001\u4E16\u754C\u6700\u5927\u306E\u6BCD\u8A9E\u8A71\u8005\u4EBA\u53E3\u3092\u6709\u3059\u308B\u3002\u307E\u305F\u3001\u56FD\u969B\u9023\u5408\u306B\u304A\u3051\u308B\u516C\u7528\u8A9E\u306E\u4E00\u3064\u3067\u3082\u3042\u308B\u3002"@ja . . "\uC911\uAD6D\uC5B4\uD30C"@ko . . "1124872058"^^ . . . "Die chinesischen oder sinitischen Sprachen (chinesisch \u6F22\u8A9E / \u6C49\u8BED, Pinyin H\u00E0ny\u01D4) bilden einen der beiden Prim\u00E4rzweige der sinotibetischen Sprachfamilie, der andere Prim\u00E4rzweig sind die tibetobirmanischen Sprachen. Chinesische Sprachen werden heute von ca. 1,3 Milliarden Menschen gesprochen, von denen die meisten in der Volksrepublik China und in Taiwan leben. In vielen L\u00E4ndern, vor allem in S\u00FCdostasien, gibt es gr\u00F6\u00DFere chinesischsprachige Minderheiten. Die chinesische Sprache mit der gr\u00F6\u00DFten Anzahl an Sprechern ist Mandarin. Auf ihm basiert das Hochchinesische, das auch einfach als \u201Edas Chinesische\u201C bzw. \u201EChinesisch\u201C bezeichnet wird."@de . . . . . . . "\u5FB7\u5F8B\u98A8"@en . "Han text"@en . . . . . "\u7DB2\u8A8C"@en . "W\u65F6\u4EE3"@en . . "cjy"@en . . . . "Chung-Vun"@en . . . "Standard Cantonese"@en . . . . . . . "#c8c8a8"@en . . . . . . . . . . . "hsn"@en . . . "La \u0109inaj lingvoj (\u4E2D\u6587 Pinyin: Zh\u014Dngw\u00E9n, \u6C49\u8BED (simpligita) /\u6F22\u8A9E (tradicia) H\u00E0ny\u01D4, \u534E\u8BED/\u83EF\u8A9E Hu\u00E1y\u01D4) estas unu el du \u0109efaj subgrupoj de la \u0109inotibeta lingvaro, kies alia \u0109efa subgrupo estas la tibetobirma lingvaro. Se oni konsideras la \u0109inajn lingvojn kiel unu lingvon, \u011Di estas sendube la plej parolata lingvo: proksimume 1,2 miliardoj da homoj parolas \u0109inan lingvon, do unu kvinono de la homaro."@eo . . . . "\u65F6\u4EE3"@en . . . . . "\u8A8D\u8B58"@en . "/"@en . . "L\u00EDngua chinesa"@pt . . . "Bahasa Tionghoa"@in . . . . "\u65F6\u9AE6"@en . . "\u6C99\u53D1"@en . . . . "El que es coneix generalment per xin\u00E8s \u00E9s un grup d'idiomes (lleng\u00FCes sin\u00EDtiques) que pertany a la fam\u00EDlia de lleng\u00FCes sinotibetanes. Encara que la majoria de xinesos veuen les varietats parlades com un mateix idioma, les variacions en la llengua parlada s\u00F3n comparables a les difer\u00E8ncies entre les lleng\u00FCes rom\u00E0niques (per exemple, el catal\u00E0 i el franc\u00E8s), i aquesta identificaci\u00F3 alguns ling\u00FCistes i sinologistes la consideren inapropiada."@ca . . . . . . . . ""@en . "och"@en . . . . . "Chinese talen"@nl . . . . "sini1245"@en . "Kinesiska"@sv . "CIF\u4EF7"@en . . "\u96FB\u8A71"@en . . "J\u0119zyk chi\u0144ski (chi\u0144. upr. \u6C49\u8BED; chi\u0144. trad. \u6F22\u8A9E; pinyin H\u00E0ny\u01D4 lub \u4E2D\u6587; pinyin Zh\u014Dngw\u00E9n) \u2013 j\u0119zyk lub grupa spokrewnionych j\u0119zyk\u00F3w (w klasyfikacji ISO 639-3: makroj\u0119zyk) z rodziny j\u0119zyk\u00F3w chi\u0144sko-tybeta\u0144skich. W pi\u015Bmie chi\u0144skim zazwyczaj nie oddaje si\u0119 r\u00F3\u017Cnic w wymowie (r\u00F3\u017Cnych ton\u00F3w tej samej sylaby), tj. zapis jest identyczny, ale jego wymowa mo\u017Ce si\u0119 bardzo r\u00F3\u017Cni\u0107 w zale\u017Cno\u015Bci od mowy danego u\u017Cytkownika. Poszczeg\u00F3lne odmiany j\u0119zykowe mog\u0105 by\u0107 nawet wzajemnie niezrozumia\u0142e. Ethnologue wyr\u00F3\u017Cnia w obr\u0119bie makroj\u0119zyka kilkana\u015Bcie j\u0119zyk\u00F3w chi\u0144skich."@pl . . . . "Langues chinoises"@fr . "#a5ae87"@en . . "\u8BCD"@en . . . "Chinees of Chinese talen is een groep talen die samen de Sinitische tak van de Sino-Tibetaanse taalfamilie vormen. Meestal wordt met Chinees het Standaardmandarijn bedoeld, de offici\u00EBle taal van de Volksrepubliek China en Taiwan en een van de offici\u00EBle talen van Singapore. Die standaardtaal is gebaseerd op het Beijinghua, het Pekingdialect van het Mandarijn, de grootste van de Chinese talen. Feitelijk is het Chinees te beschouwen als een macrotaal die wordt gesproken door ongeveer 1,2 miljard mensen, met name in China en Taiwan, maar ook in andere landen van het Verre Oosten, waaronder Maleisi\u00EB, Thailand, Indonesi\u00EB en Singapore. Ook wordt de taal gesproken door vele overzeese Chinezen."@nl . . . . "tson1 ven1"@en . . "hon y\u00FAh"@en . . . "Hon3 jyu5"@en . "no"@en . "2011-07-20"^^ . "#ac8761"@en . . "\u4E2D\u56FD\u8A9E\uFF08\u3061\u3085\u3046\u3054\u304F\u3054\u3001: \u6C49\u8BED/\u6F22\u8A9E/\u4E2D\u6587 \u3001\u30D4\u30F3\u30A4\u30F3: H\u00E0ny\u01D4/Zh\u014Dngw\u00E9n\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u30B7\u30CA\u30FB\u30C1\u30D9\u30C3\u30C8\u8A9E\u65CF\u306B\u5C5E\u3059\u308B\u8A00\u8A9E\u3002\u4E2D\u83EF\u4EBA\u6C11\u5171\u548C\u56FD\uFF08\u4E2D\u56FD\u5927\u9678\uFF09\u30FB\u4E2D\u83EF\u6C11\u56FD\uFF08\u53F0\u6E7E\uFF09\u30FB\u30B7\u30F3\u30AC\u30DD\u30FC\u30EB\u5171\u548C\u56FD\u306E\u516C\u7528\u8A9E\u3067\u3042\u308B\u307B\u304B\u3001\u4E16\u754C\u5404\u56FD\u306B\u4F4F\u3080\u83EF\u50D1\u30FB\u83EF\u4EBA\u306E\u9593\u3067\u3082\u4F7F\u7528\u3055\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002 \u5404\u65B9\u8A00\u3092\u542B\u3080\u4E2D\u56FD\u8A9E\u3092\u6BCD\u8A9E\u3068\u3059\u308B\u4EBA\u306F\u7D0413\u51049000\u4E07\u4EBA\u3001\u7B2C\u4E8C\u8A00\u8A9E\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3082\u7D042\u5104\u4EBA\u304C\u4F7F\u7528\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3068\u3044\u308F\u308C\u3066\u304A\u308A\u3001\u4E16\u754C\u6700\u5927\u306E\u6BCD\u8A9E\u8A71\u8005\u4EBA\u53E3\u3092\u6709\u3059\u308B\u3002\u307E\u305F\u3001\u56FD\u969B\u9023\u5408\u306B\u304A\u3051\u308B\u516C\u7528\u8A9E\u306E\u4E00\u3064\u3067\u3082\u3042\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . . . . . "\u0108ina lingvaro"@eo . "#bf6e7b"@en . "Kinesiska (traditionell kinesiska: \u6F22\u8A9E?, f\u00F6renklad kinesiska: \u6C49\u8BED?, pinyin: h\u00E0ny\u01D4, \u00E4ven \u4E2D\u6587, pinyin: zh\u014Dngw\u00E9n och \u83EF\u8A9E/\u534E\u8BED, pinyin: hu\u00E1y\u01D4) \u00E4r ett sinotibetanskt spr\u00E5k. \u00C4ven om kinesiska betraktas som ett enda spr\u00E5k av kulturhistoriska sk\u00E4l, s\u00E5 skiljer sig m\u00E5nga av dess dialekter \u00E5t lika mycket som exempelvis germanska spr\u00E5k g\u00F6r inb\u00F6rdes. Alla dialekter har dock ett gemensamt skriftspr\u00E5k, med endast mindre inofficiella variationer f\u00F6r dialektala ord eller regional slang."@sv . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u5B98\u8A71"@en . "\u4E2D\u6587"@en . . . . . . "H\u00E0n-g\u00ED, H\u00E0n-g\u00FA"@en . . "\u5B57\u6BCD\u8BCD"@en . "\u72EE\u5B50"@en . . . . "\u6F22\u8A9E\u65CF\uFF0C\u6216\u7A31\u6F22\u767D\u8A9E\u65CF\uFF0C\u4E5F\u7A31\u6F22\u8A9E\u3001\u83EF\u8A9E\uFF0C\u70BA\u6F22\u85CF\u8A9E\u7CFB\u7684\u4E00\u652F\u3002\u95DC\u65BC\u5176\u6240\u5305\u542B\u7684\u8A9E\u8A00\u7A2E\u985E\uFF0C\u5728\u8A9E\u8A00\u5B78\u754C\u4E3B\u8981\u6709\u5169\u7A2E\u4E0D\u540C\u89C0\u9EDE\uFF1A\u4E00\u7A2E\u8A8D\u70BA\u6F22\u8A9E\u65CF\u53EA\u6709\u6F22\u8A9E\u4E00\u7A2E\u8A9E\u8A00\uFF1B\u53E6\u4E00\u7A2E\u8A8D\u70BA\u6F22\u8A9E\u65CF\u5305\u542B\u5B98\u8BDD\u3001\u6E58\u8A9E\u3001\u8D1B\u8A9E\u3001\u5433\u8A9E\u3001\u95A9\u8A9E\u3001\u7CB5\u8A9E\u3001\u5BA2\u5BB6\u8A71\u4E03\u5927\u8A9E\u8A00\uFF08\u6216\u52A0\u4E0A\u664B\u8BED\u3001\u5FBD\u8BED\u3001\u5EE3\u897F\u5E73\u8A71\uFF09\uFF0C\u5176\u4E2D\u95A9\u8A9E\u5185\u53C8\u5206\u70BA\u95A9\u5357\u8A71\u3001\u95A9\u6771\u8A71\u3001\u95A9\u5317\u8A71\u3001\u95A9\u4E2D\u8A71\u3001\u8386\u4ED9\u8A71\u3001\u90B5\u5C07\u8A71\u7B49\u96E3\u4EE5\u76F8\u901A\u7684\u65B9\u8A00\u3002\u524D\u8005\u5C07\u5B98\u8A71\u3001\u6E58\u8A9E\u3001\u8D1B\u8A9E\u3001\u5433\u8A9E\u3001\u95A9\u8A9E\u3001\u7CB5\u8A9E\u3001\u5BA2\u5BB6\u8A71\u7B49\u8996\u70BA\u6F22\u8A9E\u7684\u65B9\u8A00\uFF1B\u5F8C\u8005\u5247\u8A8D\u70BA\u6F22\u8A9E\u65CF\u5305\u542B\u4E86\u6578\u7A2E\u4E92\u76F8\u95DC\u806F\u53C8\u5404\u81EA\u72EC\u7ACB\u7684\u89AA\u5C6C\u8A9E\u8A00\u3002 \u6B64\u5916\uFF0C\u6709\u8AAA\u6CD5\u4E3B\u5F35\u767D\u8A9E\uFF08\u767D\u65CF\u7684\u8A9E\u8A00\uFF09\u4E5F\u5C6C\u65BC\u6F22\u8A9E\u65CF\uFF0C\u56E0\u6B64\u4EA6\u7A31\u6F22\u767D\u8A9E\u65CF\u3002"@zh . "2022"^^ . . . . . . . . "\u6F22\u5821\u5305"@en . . . "\u8BA4\u8BC6"@en . . . . . . . "5.2"^^ . "\u624B\u673A"@en . . . "lzh"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . ",or"@en . . . . . . . "65.7"^^ . . . . . . . . . . "\u6F22\u8A9E"@en . . . . . "6.2"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . "\u5FB7\u5F8B\u98CE"@en . . . "\u6642"@en . . . . . "\u8D5B\u767E\u5473"@en . . . . . . "jhong-w\u00FAn"@en . "cnp"@en . . "\u6642\u9593"@en . . "L\u00EDnguas sin\u00EDticas"@pt . . . "Hon Ngi"@en . . "\u5BE6"@en . . "0.3"^^ . . . . . . . "As l\u00EDnguas s\u00EDniticas ou s\u00EDnicas (do voc\u00E1bulo greco - latino medieval Sina, \"China\", por sua vez do nome din\u00E1stico Qin, provavelmente pelo \u00E1rabe S\u012Bn) s\u00E3o as integrantes de uma fam\u00EDlia lingu\u00EDstica frequentemente postulada como uma das duas principais subdivis\u00F5es do sino-tibetano. A l\u00EDngua bai pode ser considerada um idioma sin\u00EDtico, embora esta classifica\u00E7\u00E3o seja controversa; o termo, no entanto, \u00E9 usado como equivalente \u00E0s l\u00EDnguas chinesas, e frequentemente \u00E9 usado em contraste ao termo \"dialetos chineses\", para transmitir a ideia de que estes seriam idiomas independentes, e n\u00E3o dialetos de uma mesma l\u00EDngua."@pt . . . . . . . . "\u5954\u9A30"@en . . . . "ltc"@en . . . . . . "cpx"@en . "H\u00E0ny\u01D4"@en . "Zh\u014Dngw\u00E9n"@en . "\u540E\u0420\u0421\u65F6\u4EE3"@en . "\u041A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0456 \u043C\u043E\u0432\u0438"@uk . . . "W\u6642\u4EE3"@en . . . . . . . . . . "An tS\u00EDnis"@ga . . . . . . . "hak"@en . . . "\u9A6C\u5229\u5965"@en . . . . "\u041A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0301\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0456 \u043C\u043E\u0301\u0432\u0438 \u2014 \u043E\u0434\u043D\u0430 \u0437 \u0434\u0432\u043E\u0445 \u0433\u0456\u043B\u043E\u043A \u0441\u0438\u043D\u043E-\u0442\u0438\u0431\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0457 \u043C\u043E\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0441\u0456\u043C'\u0457. \u0414\u043E \u043D\u0435\u0457 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0441\u044F\u0442\u044C \u043A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0443 \u0442\u0430 \u043C\u043E\u0432\u0438. \u0406\u043D\u043A\u043E\u043B\u0438 \u0434\u043E \u043A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u043C\u043E\u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0445\u043E\u0432\u0443\u044E\u0442\u044C \u043B\u0438\u0448\u0435 \u043A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0443 \u043C\u043E\u0432\u0443 \u0456 \u0457\u0457 \u00AB\u0434\u0456\u0430\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0438\u00BB, \u044F\u043A\u0456 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043E \u0440\u043E\u0437\u0433\u043B\u044F\u0434\u0430\u044E\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u044F\u043A \u043E\u043A\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0456 \u043C\u043E\u0432\u0438 \u043E\u0434\u043D\u0456\u0454\u0457 \u043C\u043E\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043F\u0438."@uk . "\u010C\u00EDn\u0161tina, neboli \u010D\u00EDnsk\u00E9 jazyky (\u6C49\u8BED / \u6F22\u8A9E; Chan-j\u00FC nebo \u4E2D\u6587; \u010Cung-wen), je skupina p\u0159\u00EDbuzn\u00FDch, ale v mnoha p\u0159\u00EDpadech vz\u00E1jemn\u011B nesrozumiteln\u00FDch jazyk\u016F, kter\u00E9 pat\u0159\u00ED do sinotibetsk\u00E9 jazykov\u00E9 rodiny. P\u0159esto, \u017Ee jsou sv\u00FDmi mluv\u010D\u00EDmi \u010Dasto ozna\u010Dov\u00E1ny za pouh\u00E9 dialekty, jsou tyto jazyky ve skute\u010Dnosti velice rozmanit\u00E9 a \u010D\u00EDn\u0161tina tvo\u0159\u00ED jednu ze dvou v\u011Btv\u00ED sinotibetsk\u00FDch jazyk\u016F (tou druhou jsou tibetobarmsk\u00E9 jazyky). V\u0161echny \u010D\u00EDnsk\u00E9 jazyky jsou t\u00F3nov\u00E9 a analytick\u00E9. V z\u00E1vislosti na klasifika\u010Dn\u00EDm syst\u00E9mu se v r\u00E1mci \u010D\u00EDn\u0161tiny rozezn\u00E1v\u00E1 7\u201313 hlavn\u00EDch skupin. Zdaleka nejpo\u010Detn\u011Bj\u0161\u00ED skupinou jsou severo\u010D\u00EDnsk\u00E9 dialekty, kter\u00E9 maj\u00ED 960 milion\u016F rodil\u00FDch mluv\u010D\u00EDch; n\u00E1sleduje Wu s 80 miliony mluv\u010D\u00EDmi. D\u016Fle\u017Eit\u00E1 je kanton\u0161tina, kter\u00E1 se pou\u017E\u00EDv\u00E1 v Hongkongu. \u010C\u00EDn\u0161tina je nejpo\u010Detn\u011Bj\u0161\u00ED rodn\u00FD jazyk na sv\u011Bt\u011B. \u010C\u00EDn\u0161tinu pou\u017E\u00EDv\u00E1 jako mate\u0159sk\u00FD jazyk kolem 1,2 miliardy lid\u00ED, co\u017E je 16 % sv\u011Btov\u00E9 populace. \u010C\u00EDnsky mluv\u00ED p\u0159edev\u0161\u00EDm Chanov\u00E9, ale i jin\u00E9 etnick\u00E9 skupiny v \u010C\u00EDn\u011B a na Tchaj-wanu. V\u00FDznamn\u00FDm jazykem je tak\u00E9 v Singapuru, Malajsii a \u010D\u00EDnsk\u00FDch komunit\u00E1ch v jin\u00FDch zem\u00EDch. Standardizovanou a spisovnou formou \u010D\u00EDn\u0161tiny je standardn\u00ED \u010D\u00EDn\u0161tina neboli mandar\u00EDn\u0161tina/mandar\u00EDnsk\u00E1 \u010D\u00EDn\u0161tina (v kontinent\u00E1ln\u00ED \u010C\u00EDn\u011B zn\u00E1m\u00E1 jako \u666E\u901A\u8BDD; pchu-tchung-chua, na Tchaj-wanu jako \u570B\u8A9E; kuo-j\u00FC), kter\u00E1 je zalo\u017Eena na pekingsk\u00E9m n\u00E1\u0159e\u010D\u00ED, kter\u00E9 pat\u0159\u00ED do \u0161ir\u0161\u00ED skupiny severo\u010D\u00EDnsk\u00FDch dialekt\u016F. Zapisuje se pomoc\u00ED \u010D\u00EDnsk\u00FDch znak\u016F, co\u017E jsou logogramy, tak\u017Ee jim nemaj\u00ED probl\u00E9m porozum\u011Bt ani mluv\u010D\u00ED vz\u00E1jemn\u011B nesrozumiteln\u00FDch \u010D\u00EDnsk\u00FDch jazyk\u016F. Standardn\u00ED \u010D\u00EDn\u0161tina je \u00FA\u0159edn\u00EDm jazykem v \u010CLR, na Tchaj-wanu a je jedn\u00EDm ze \u010Dty\u0159 \u00FA\u0159edn\u00EDch jazyk\u016F Singapuru. Je tak\u00E9 jedn\u00EDm z \u0161esti jednac\u00EDch jazyk\u016F OSN."@cs . . "Idioma chino"@es . . . . . . "\uC911\uAD6D\uC5B4"@ko . "\u85CD\u7259"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . "nan"@en . "91193"^^ . . . . . . . . . "6.1"^^ . "Txinera"@eu . "\uC911\uAD6D\uC5B4(\uD55C\uAD6D \uD55C\uC790: \u4E2D\u570B\u8A9E) \uB610\uB294 \uD55C\uC5B4( \uC815\uCCB4\uC790: \u6F22\u8A9E, \uAC04\uCCB4\uC790: \u6C49\u8BED, \uBCD1\uC74C: h\u00E0ny\u01D4 \uD55C\uC704[*], \u310F\u3122\u02CB\u3129\u02C7)\uB294 \uC911\uAD6D\uD2F0\uBCA0\uD2B8\uC5B4\uC871\uC5D0 \uC18D\uD558\uB294 \uC5B8\uC5B4\uC758 \uC9D1\uD569\uCCB4\uB85C, \uD654\uC5B4( \uC815\uCCB4\uC790: \u83EF\u8A9E, \uBCD1\uC74C: hu\u00E1y\u01D4), \uC911\uBB38(: \u4E2D\u6587, \uBCD1\uC74C: zh\u014Dngw\u00E9n) \uB4F1\uC73C\uB85C\uB3C4 \uBD88\uB9B0\uB2E4. \uC911\uD654\uC778\uBBFC\uACF5\uD654\uAD6D\uC5D0 \uAC00\uC7A5 \uB9CE\uC740 \uC0AC\uC6A9\uC790\uAC00 \uC788\uC73C\uBA70, \uAC01\uC9C0\uC758 \uC911\uAD6D\uACC4 \uC774\uC8FC\uBBFC\uB4E4\uB3C4 \uC4F4\uB2E4. \uC911\uAD6D\uC5B4\uB294 \uD604\uC7AC \uC911\uD654\uC778\uBBFC\uACF5\uD654\uAD6D, \uC911\uD654\uBBFC\uAD6D, \uC2F1\uAC00\uD3EC\uB974\uC5D0\uC11C \uACF5\uC6A9\uC5B4\uB85C \uC9C0\uC815\uB418\uC5B4 \uC788\uC73C\uBA70, UN\uC758 6\uAC1C \uACF5\uC6A9\uC5B4 \uC911 \uD558\uB098\uC774\uB2E4. \uBA85\uCE6D\uC740 \uD604\uB300 \uC911\uAD6D\uC5B4\uB9CC\uC744 \uAC00\uB9AC\uD0A4\uB294 \uAC83\uC73C\uB85C \uC624\uD574\uB420 \uC6B0\uB824\uAC00 \uC788\uC73C\uBBC0\uB85C \uC5ED\uC0AC\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uADF8\uAC83\uAE4C\uC9C0 \uD1B5\uD2C0\uC5B4 \uC77C\uCEEC\uC744 \uACBD\uC6B0\uC5D0\uB294 \uD55C\uC5B4(\u6F22\u8A9E)\uB77C\uACE0\uB3C4 \uD55C\uB2E4. \uC77C\uBC18\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uD55C\uC790(\u6F22\u5B57)\uB77C\uB294 \uBB38\uC790\uB85C \uD45C\uAE30\uB418\uB294\uB370, \uC774\uB294 \uACE0\uB300\uC758 \uC0C1\uD615\uBB38\uC790 \uAC11\uACE8\uBB38\uC744 \uAE30\uBC18\uC73C\uB85C \uD55C \uD45C\uC5B4\uBB38\uC790\uB85C\uC11C \uADF8 \uC218\uAC00 \uB9E4\uC6B0 \uB9CE\uC73C\uBA70 \uB3C5\uD2B9\uD55C \uD615\uD0DC\uB97C \uC9C0\uB2C8\uACE0 \uC788\uB2E4. \uBC1C\uC74C\uC744 \uD45C\uAE30\uD560 \uB54C\uC5D0\uB294 \uD55C\uC790\uC5D0\uC11C \uB530\uC628 \uC8FC\uC74C\uBD80\uD638\uC640 \uB85C\uB9C8\uC790\uB97C \uC774\uC6A9\uD55C \uD55C\uC5B4 \uBCD1\uC74C\uC774 \uC0AC\uC6A9\uB41C\uB2E4. \uD604\uB300 \uC911\uAD6D\uC5B4\uB294 \uC131\uC870\uAC00 \uC874\uC7AC\uD558\uBA70, \uC131\uC870\uC5D0 \uB530\uB77C \uB2E8\uC5B4\uC758 \uC758\uBBF8\uAC00 \uBC14\uB00C\uAE30\uB3C4 \uD55C\uB2E4. SVO \uC5B4\uC21C\uC744 \uB530\uB974\uBA70, \uD615\uD0DC\uC18C\uAC00 \uAD74\uC808\uC5C6\uC774 \uB2E8\uC5B4\uB97C \uC774\uB8E8\uC5B4 \uC5B4\uC21C\uC5D0 \uB530\uB77C \uBB38\uBC95\uC801 \uC5ED\uD560\uC774 \uACB0\uC815\uB418\uB294 \uACE0\uB9BD\uC5B4\uC774\uB2E4."@ko . . "\u039A\u03B9\u03BD\u03B5\u03B6\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03B3\u03BB\u03CE\u03C3\u03C3\u03B1"@el . "El idioma chino (en chino tradicional, \u6F22\u8A9E; en chino simplificado, \u6C49\u8BED; pinyin, H\u00E0ny\u01D4, \"idioma de los Han\") (AFI por mandar\u00EDn: [x\u00E2n\u0265\u1EF3]) es el t\u00E9rmino utilizado para referirse a la lengua sinotibetana que representa bajo un concepto aglutinador a lo que en realidad es una rama de lenguas emparentadas entre s\u00ED pero mutuamente ininteligibles, las lenguas sin\u00EDticas, siendo el idioma mandar\u00EDn en su variante pequinesa la forma utilizada como patr\u00F3n del chino. La familia sinotibetana tiene su origen en la llanura central de China,\u200By es la principal familia ling\u00FC\u00EDstica entre las lenguas de Asia. M\u00E1s ocasionalmente se usa el t\u00E9rmino \"chino\" para referirse tambi\u00E9n a otras lenguas sin\u00EDticas de China diferentes del mandar\u00EDn est\u00E1ndar (\u201C\u666E\u901A\u8BDD\u201D P\u01D4t\u014Dnghu\u00E0 (AFI: [p\u02B0\u00F9t\u02B0\u028A\u0301\u014Bxw\u00E2]) 'habla com\u00FAn')."@es . "El idioma chino (en chino tradicional, \u6F22\u8A9E; en chino simplificado, \u6C49\u8BED; pinyin, H\u00E0ny\u01D4, \"idioma de los Han\") (AFI por mandar\u00EDn: [x\u00E2n\u0265\u1EF3]) es el t\u00E9rmino utilizado para referirse a la lengua sinotibetana que representa bajo un concepto aglutinador a lo que en realidad es una rama de lenguas emparentadas entre s\u00ED pero mutuamente ininteligibles, las lenguas sin\u00EDticas, siendo el idioma mandar\u00EDn en su variante pequinesa la forma utilizada como patr\u00F3n del chino. La familia sinotibetana tiene su origen en la llanura central de China,\u200By es la principal familia ling\u00FC\u00EDstica entre las lenguas de Asia. M\u00E1s ocasionalmente se usa el t\u00E9rmino \"chino\" para referirse tambi\u00E9n a otras lenguas sin\u00EDticas de China diferentes del mandar\u00EDn est\u00E1ndar (\u201C\u666E\u901A\u8BDD\u201D P\u01D4t\u014Dnghu\u00E0 (AFI: [p\u02B0\u00F9t\u02B0\u028A\u0301\u014Bxw\u00E2]) 'habla com\u00FAn')."@es . . . . "cdo"@en . "cmn"@en . . "\u5F8C"@en . . . . . . . . . . ","@en . "\u77F3\u5934"@en . . . . . . . . . . . "\u96FB\u8166"@en . . . "\u6C49\u5821\u5305"@en . . "\u4EF7"@en . . "Chung1-w\u00EAn2"@en . . "H\u00E0n-y\u01D4"@en . "#9b987f"@en . . "\u8A5E"@en . . . . . "Chinese (\u4E2D\u6587; Zh\u014Dngw\u00E9n, especially for the written language) is any one of a group of languages spoken natively by the ethnic Han Chinese majority and many minority ethnic groups in Greater China. About 1.3 billion people (or approximately 16% of the world's population) speak a variety of Chinese as their first language. Chinese languages form the Sinitic branch of the Sino-Tibetan languages family. The spoken varieties of Chinese are usually considered by native speakers to be variants of a single language. However, their lack of mutual intelligibility means they are sometimes considered separate languages in a family. Investigation of the historical relationships among the varieties of Chinese is ongoing. Currently, most classifications posit 7 to 13 main regional groups based on phonetic developments from Middle Chinese, of which the most spoken by far is Mandarin (with about 800 million speakers, or 66%), followed by Min (75 million, e.g. Southern Min), Wu (74 million, e.g. Shanghainese), and Yue (68 million, e.g. Cantonese). These branches are unintelligible to each other, and many of their subgroups are unintelligible with the other varieties within the same branch (e.g. Southern Min). There are, however, transitional areas where varieties from different branches share enough features for some limited intelligibility, including New Xiang with Southwest Mandarin, Xuanzhou Wu with Lower Yangtze Mandarin, Jin with Central Plains Mandarin and certain divergent dialects of Hakka with Gan (though these are unintelligible with mainstream Hakka). All varieties of Chinese are tonal to at least some degree, and are largely analytic. The earliest Chinese written records are Shang dynasty-era oracle bone inscriptions, which can be dated to 1250 BCE. The phonetic categories of Old Chinese can be reconstructed from the rhymes of ancient poetry. During the Northern and Southern dynasties period, Middle Chinese went through several sound changes and split into several varieties following prolonged geographic and political separation. Qieyun, a rime dictionary, recorded a compromise between the pronunciations of different regions. The royal courts of the Ming and early Qing dynasties operated using a koin\u00E9 language (Guanhua) based on Nanjing dialect of Lower Yangtze Mandarin. Standard Chinese (Standard Mandarin), based on the Beijing dialect of Mandarin, was adopted in the 1930s and is now an official language of both the People's Republic of China and the Republic of China (Taiwan), one of the four official languages of Singapore, and one of the six official languages of the United Nations. The written form, using the logograms known as Chinese characters, is shared by literate speakers of mutually unintelligible dialects. Since the 1950s, simplified Chinese characters have been promoted for use by the government of the People's Republic of China, while Singapore officially adopted simplified characters in 1976. Traditional characters remain in use in Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macau, and other countries with significant overseas Chinese speaking communities such as Malaysia (which although adopted simplified characters as the de facto standard in the 1980s, traditional characters still remain in widespread use)."@en . "\u53EF\u6A02"@en . "Sino-Tibetan"@en . "\u9999\u6AB3"@en . . . "\u0397 \u039A\u03B9\u03BD\u03B5\u03B6\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE (\u6C49\u8BED \uFF0F \u6F22\u8A9E, \u03C0\u03B9\u03BD\u03B3\u03AF\u03BD: H\u00E0ny\u01D4, \u03AE \u4E2D\u6587, Zh\u014Dngw\u00E9n) \u03B5\u03AF\u03BD\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B3\u03BB\u03CE\u03C3\u03C3\u03B1 (\u03AE \u03B3\u03BB\u03C9\u03C3\u03C3\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03BF\u03B9\u03BA\u03BF\u03B3\u03AD\u03BD\u03B5\u03B9\u03B1) \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C3\u03C7\u03B7\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03AF\u03B6\u03B5\u03B9 \u03C4\u03BC\u03AE\u03BC\u03B1 \u03C4\u03C9\u03BD \u03A3\u03B9\u03BD\u03BF\u03B8\u03B9\u03B2\u03B5\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE\u03C2 \u03BF\u03B9\u03BA\u03BF\u03B3\u03AD\u03BD\u03B5\u03B9\u03B1\u03C2 \u03B3\u03BB\u03C9\u03C3\u03C3\u03CE\u03BD. \u03A0\u03B5\u03C1\u03AF\u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 1.3 \u03B4\u03B9\u03C3\u03B5\u03BA\u03B1\u03C4\u03BF\u03BC\u03BC\u03CD\u03C1\u03B9\u03B1 \u03AC\u03C4\u03BF\u03BC\u03B1, \u03C4\u03BF 16% \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C0\u03B1\u03B3\u03BA\u03CC\u03C3\u03BC\u03B9\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C0\u03BB\u03B7\u03B8\u03C5\u03C3\u03BC\u03BF\u03CD \u03BC\u03B9\u03BB\u03AC \u03BA\u03AC\u03C0\u03BF\u03B9\u03B1 \u03BC\u03BF\u03C1\u03C6\u03AE \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u039A\u03B9\u03BD\u03B5\u03B6\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE\u03C2 \u03C9\u03C2 \u03BC\u03B7\u03C4\u03C1\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03B3\u03BB\u03CE\u03C3\u03C3\u03B1, \u03B5\u03BD\u03CE \u03B2\u03B9\u03CE\u03BD\u03B5\u03B9 \u03BC\u03B5\u03B3\u03AC\u03BB\u03B7 \u03B5\u03C0\u03AD\u03BA\u03C4\u03B1\u03C3\u03B7 \u03C9\u03C2 \u03BE\u03AD\u03BD\u03B7 \u03B3\u03BB\u03CE\u03C3\u03C3\u03B1 \u03BB\u03CC\u03B3\u03C9 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03C4\u03B1\u03C7\u03CD\u03C4\u03B1\u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03B1\u03BD\u03AD\u03BB\u03B9\u03BE\u03B7\u03C2 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u039A\u03AF\u03BD\u03B1\u03C2 \u03C9\u03C2 \u03BF\u03B9\u03BA\u03BF\u03BD\u03BF\u03BC\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C0\u03BF\u03BB\u03B9\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03C5\u03C0\u03B5\u03C1\u03B4\u03CD\u03BD\u03B1\u03BC\u03B7. \u039F\u03BC\u03B9\u03BB\u03B5\u03AF\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03BA\u03C5\u03C1\u03AF\u03C9\u03C2 \u03C3\u03C4\u03B7 \u039A\u03AF\u03BD\u03B1, \u03C4\u03B7 \u03A4\u03B1\u03CA\u03B2\u03AC\u03BD, \u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03A3\u03B9\u03B3\u03BA\u03B1\u03C0\u03BF\u03CD\u03C1\u03B7, \u03C4\u03BF \u03A7\u03BF\u03BD\u03B3\u03BA \u039A\u03BF\u03BD\u03B3\u03BA \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C4\u03BF \u039C\u03B1\u03BA\u03AC\u03BF, \u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u039C\u03B1\u03BB\u03B1\u03B9\u03C3\u03AF\u03B1 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03C4\u03B9\u03C2 \u03C4\u03B5\u03C1\u03AC\u03C3\u03C4\u03B9\u03B5\u03C2 \u03BA\u03BF\u03B9\u03BD\u03CC\u03C4\u03B7\u03C4\u03B5\u03C2 \u039A\u03B9\u03BD\u03AD\u03B6\u03C9\u03BD \u03C3\u03C4\u03BF \u03B5\u03BE\u03C9\u03C4\u03B5\u03C1\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC. \u03A0\u03B1\u03C1\u03AC\u03BB\u03BB\u03B7\u03BB\u03B1 \u03AD\u03BD\u03B1 \u03C0\u03BF\u03BB\u03CD \u03C3\u03B7\u03BC\u03B1\u03BD\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC \u03BC\u03AD\u03C1\u03BF\u03C2 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03BB\u03B5\u03BE\u03B9\u03BB\u03BF\u03B3\u03AF\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C3\u03C4\u03B1 \u03B9\u03B1\u03C0\u03C9\u03BD\u03B9\u03BA\u03AC, \u03C4\u03B1 \u03BA\u03BF\u03C1\u03B5\u03B1\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AC \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C4\u03B1 \u03B2\u03B9\u03B5\u03C4\u03BD\u03B1\u03BC\u03AD\u03B6\u03B9\u03BA\u03B1 \u03B5\u03AF\u03BD\u03B1\u03B9 \u03BA\u03B9\u03BD\u03B5\u03B6\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE\u03C2 \u03C0\u03C1\u03BF\u03AD\u03BB\u03B5\u03C5\u03C3\u03B7\u03C2."@el . . . . "\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064A\u0646\u064A\u0629"@ar . . . . . "\u6C49\u8BED\u6C34\u5E73\u8003\u8BD5"@en . . . "Han language"@en . "0.6"^^ . . . "Zung1 man4*2"@en . . . "\u6C49\u8BED\u65CF"@zh . "wuu"@en . . . . "\u7535\u8111"@en . "Las lenguas sin\u00EDticas\u200B (a veces tambi\u00E9n lenguas chinas) forman una subfamilia dentro de las lenguas sinotibetanas, la mayor\u00EDa de ellas son descendientes de los grupos \u00E9tnicos antiguos de Huaxia, excepto la lengua bai cuyo estatus dentro del sinotibetano es controvertido."@es . "\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064A\u0646\u064A\u0629 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064A\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0633\u0637\u0629: \u6C49\u8BED\u060C \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064A\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0642\u0644\u064A\u062F\u064A\u0629: \u6F22\u8A9E \u062A\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u00AB\u0647\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0648\u00BB \u0648\u062A\u0639\u0646\u064A \u062D\u0631\u0641\u064A\u0627\u064B \u0644\u063A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0646\u060C \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064A\u0646\u064A\u0629: \u4E2D\u6587 \u062A\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u00AB\u062C\u0648\u0646\u062C\u0648\u064A\u0646\u00BB \u0648\u062A\u0639\u0646\u064A \u062D\u0631\u0641\u064A\u0627\u064B \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062A\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064A\u0646\u064A\u0629) \u0647\u064A \u0645\u062C\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0641\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063A\u0648\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u0644\u0627 \u062A\u062D\u062A\u0648\u064A \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062D \u0645\u062A\u0628\u0627\u062F\u0644 \u0628\u064A\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064A \u0623\u0648\u062C\u0647 \u0645\u062E\u062A\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u064A\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0639\u0627 \u0644\u063A\u0648\u064A\u0627\u064B \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064A\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0628\u062A\u064A\u0629. \u064A\u062A\u062D\u062F\u062B \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064A\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u063A\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062F\u064A\u062F \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064A\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064A\u0646. \u064A\u062A\u062D\u062F\u062B \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064A\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u062D\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064A 1.2 \u0645\u0644\u064A\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u062E\u0635 \u062D\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 (\u062D\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064A 16% \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645) \u0643\u0644\u063A\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649."@ar . . . . "\u7535\u8BDD"@en . . . . "Kinesiska (traditionell kinesiska: \u6F22\u8A9E?, f\u00F6renklad kinesiska: \u6C49\u8BED?, pinyin: h\u00E0ny\u01D4, \u00E4ven \u4E2D\u6587, pinyin: zh\u014Dngw\u00E9n och \u83EF\u8A9E/\u534E\u8BED, pinyin: hu\u00E1y\u01D4) \u00E4r ett sinotibetanskt spr\u00E5k. \u00C4ven om kinesiska betraktas som ett enda spr\u00E5k av kulturhistoriska sk\u00E4l, s\u00E5 skiljer sig m\u00E5nga av dess dialekter \u00E5t lika mycket som exempelvis germanska spr\u00E5k g\u00F6r inb\u00F6rdes. Alla dialekter har dock ett gemensamt skriftspr\u00E5k, med endast mindre inofficiella variationer f\u00F6r dialektala ord eller regional slang. N\u00E4rmare en femtedel av v\u00E4rldens befolkning har n\u00E5gon form av kinesiska som modersm\u00E5l, vilket g\u00F6r det till v\u00E4rldens mest talade spr\u00E5k om man g\u00E5r efter antalet modersm\u00E5lstalare. Som standardkinesiska har spr\u00E5ket officiell status i Kina och Taiwan och \u00E4r ett av fyra officiella spr\u00E5k i Singapore samt ett av sex officiella spr\u00E5k i FN. I form av standardkantonesiska \u00E4r kinesiska tillsammans med engelska officiellt spr\u00E5k i Hongkong och tillsammans med portugisiska i Macao. V\u00E4sterl\u00E4ndska begrepp f\u00F6r att beskriva spr\u00E5k skiljer sig i m\u00E5nga avseenden fr\u00E5n den kinesiska terminologin, dels p\u00E5 grund av den enande kraft som kinesiska tecken utg\u00F6r, dels p\u00E5 grund av skillnaderna i politisk och social utveckling i Kina i j\u00E4mf\u00F6relse med Europa. Efter det romerska rikets s\u00F6nderfall blev Europa fragmenterat i omr\u00E5den som ofta s\u00E4rskildes genom spr\u00E5k. Kina kunde i en helt annan utstr\u00E4ckning beh\u00E5lla kulturell och politisk enhet inom ett mycket stort geografiskt omr\u00E5de genom en gemensam standard f\u00F6r skriftspr\u00E5k. Detta har lett till att kineser g\u00F6r en tydligare \u00E5tskillnad mellan begreppen \"skriftspr\u00E5k\" (\u6587) och \"talspr\u00E5k\" (\u8A9E). Drygt tv\u00E5tusen \u00E5r av gemensamt officiellt skriftspr\u00E5k uppr\u00E4tth\u00E5lls \u00E4n idag och g\u00E4ller f\u00F6r samtliga dialekter. Kinesiskan tillh\u00F6r den sinotibetanska spr\u00E5kfamiljen och \u00E4r besl\u00E4ktad med tibetanska och burmesiska men \u00E4r helt obesl\u00E4ktad med geografiskt n\u00E4raliggande spr\u00E5k som koreanska, vietnamesiska och japanska. Alla dessa spr\u00E5k har dock befunnit sig inom en kultursf\u00E4r dominerad av kinesiskspr\u00E5kig kultur, som p\u00E5verkat de \u00F6vriga spr\u00E5ken i fr\u00E5ga om s\u00E5v\u00E4l grammatik som ordf\u00F6rr\u00E5d. Koreanska skrivs numera huvudsakligen med det inhemska fonetiska alfabetet hangul, men i Sydkorea anv\u00E4nds fortfarande i viss m\u00E5n hanja (inl\u00E5nade kinesiska tecken). I Nordkorea \u00E4r hanja totalt avskaffat sedan 1950-talet. I japanska \u00E4r kanji, det japanska namnet f\u00F6r kinesiska tecken, en oumb\u00E4rlig del av skriven japanska och anv\u00E4nds i mycket stor utstr\u00E4ckning \u00E4n idag. M\u00E5nga f\u00F6rslag till ett totalt avskaffande av kanji har presenterats, men inget har varit framg\u00E5ngsrikt. I Vietnam anv\u00E4nds idag enbart ett eget fonetiskt alfabet, qu\u1ED1c ng\u1EEF, som baseras p\u00E5 en modifierad variant av det latinska alfabetet, men spr\u00E5ket inneh\u00E5ller fortfarande en stor m\u00E4ngd kinesiska l\u00E5nord."@sv . . "\u908F\u8F2F"@en . . . . . "chi"@en . . . . . . . . "hlist"@en . "\uC911\uAD6D\uC5B4\uD30C(\u4E2D\u570B\u8A9E\u6D3E, \uC911\uAD6D\uC5B4 \uAC04\uCCB4\uC790: \u6C49\u8BED\u65CF, \uC601\uC5B4: Sinitic languages) \uB610\uB294 \uC77C\uBC18\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uC911\uAD6D\uC5B4(\u4E2D\u570B\u8A9E, \uC911\uAD6D\uC5B4 \uAC04\uCCB4\uC790: \u6C49\u8BED, \uC601\uC5B4: Chinese languages)\uB294 \uD2F0\uBCA0\uD2B8\uBC84\uB9C8\uC5B4\uD30C\uC640 \uD568\uAED8 \uC911\uAD6D\uD2F0\uBCA0\uD2B8\uC5B4\uC871\uC758 \uD55C \uC5B4\uD30C\uC774\uB2E4. \uBC14\uC774\uC5B4\uB294 \uC911\uAD6D\uC5B4\uD30C\uC778\uC9C0 \uD2F0\uBCA0\uD2B8\uBC84\uB9C8\uC5B4\uD30C\uC778\uC9C0 \uB17C\uC7C1\uC911\uC774\uB2E4."@ko . . "\u5B57\u6BCD\u8A5E"@en . . . . . "La \u0109inaj lingvoj (\u4E2D\u6587 Pinyin: Zh\u014Dngw\u00E9n, \u6C49\u8BED (simpligita) /\u6F22\u8A9E (tradicia) H\u00E0ny\u01D4, \u534E\u8BED/\u83EF\u8A9E Hu\u00E1y\u01D4) estas unu el du \u0109efaj subgrupoj de la \u0109inotibeta lingvaro, kies alia \u0109efa subgrupo estas la tibetobirma lingvaro. Se oni konsideras la \u0109inajn lingvojn kiel unu lingvon, \u011Di estas sendube la plej parolata lingvo: proksimume 1,2 miliardoj da homoj parolas \u0109inan lingvon, do unu kvinono de la homaro. Ekzistas du manieroj skribi la \u0109inan lingvon: La simpligita skribo kaj la tradicia skribo. Kvankam la simpligita skribo simpligis la signojn (do ofte malgrandigis la nombron de uzendaj strekoj), \u011Di al kelkaj ne estas pli facila, \u0109ar \u011Di ofte malebligas kompreni kompleksajn signojn kiuj naski\u011Dis el kunigo de pluraj aliaj signoj."@eo . . . . . . . . . . . "\u041A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0301\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0430 \u043C\u043E\u0301\u0432\u0430, \u0430\u0431\u043E \u0445\u0456\u0301\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0430 \u043C\u043E\u0301\u0432\u0430 (\u0443\u0441\u043D\u0430 \u2014 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434. \u6F22\u8A9E, \u0441\u043F\u0440. \u6C49\u8BED, \u043F\u0456\u043D\u044C\u0457\u043D\u044C: h\u00E0ny\u01D4, \u0430\u043A\u0430\u0434. \u0445\u0430\u043D\u044C\u044E\u0439; \u043F\u0438\u0441\u0435\u043C\u043D\u0430 \u2014 \u4E2D\u6587, \u043F\u0456\u043D\u044C\u0457\u043D\u044C: zh\u014Dngw\u00E9n, \u0430\u043A\u0430\u0434. \u0447\u0436\u0443\u043D\u0432\u0435\u043D\u044C) \u2014 \u043C\u043E\u0432\u0430 \u043A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0446\u0456\u0432 (\u0445\u0430\u043D\u0446\u0456\u0432, \u0430\u0431\u043E \u0445\u0456\u043D\u0446\u0456\u0432). \u041F\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0430 \u043C\u043E\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u0443 \u0437\u0430 \u043A\u0456\u043B\u044C\u043A\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044E \u043C\u043E\u0432\u0446\u0456\u0432 \u2014 \u043F\u043E\u043D\u0430\u0434 1,2 \u043C\u0456\u043B\u044C\u044F\u0440\u0434\u0430 \u043E\u0441\u0456\u0431. \u041D\u0430\u043B\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0442\u044C \u0434\u043E \u0441\u0438\u043D\u043E-\u0442\u0438\u0431\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0457 \u043C\u043E\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0441\u0456\u043C'\u0457. \u041F\u043E\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043D\u0430 \u0432 \u041A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0457 (\u0425\u0456\u043D\u0456), \u043A\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043D\u0430\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u043C\u0456\u0441\u0446\u044F\u0445 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F \u043A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0457 \u0434\u0456\u0430\u0441\u043F\u043E\u0440\u0438 (\u041F\u0456\u0432\u0434\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E-\u0421\u0445\u0456\u0434\u043D\u0430 \u0410\u0437\u0456\u044F, \u0421\u0428\u0410, \u0410\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043B\u0456\u044F, \u041F\u0435\u0440\u0443, \u0411\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0456\u044F, \u0406\u0442\u0430\u043B\u0456\u044F, \u0420\u043E\u0441\u0456\u044F, \u0423\u043A\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043D\u0430). \u041D\u0430\u043B\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0442\u044C \u0434\u043E \u0442\u043E\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u043C\u043E\u0432. \u0412\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0432\u0443\u0454 \u0441\u043A\u043B\u0430\u0434\u043D\u0443 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0430\u0457\u0447\u043D\u0443 \u0456\u0434\u0435\u043E\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043C\u043D\u0443 \u043F\u0438\u0441\u0435\u043C\u043D\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044C \u2014 \u00AB\u0445\u0430\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0456 \u043B\u0456\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u00BB (\u6F22\u5B57), \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u043D\u0430 \u0417\u0430\u0445\u043E\u0434\u0456 \u044F\u043A \u043A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0456 (\u0445\u0456\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0456) \u0456\u0454\u0440\u043E\u0433\u043B\u0456\u0444\u0438, \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043B\u043E\u043C \u0434\u043E 50-80 \u0442\u0438\u0441\u044F\u0447 \u0437\u043D\u0430\u043A\u0456\u0432. \u041E\u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0438\u043B\u0430\u0441\u044F \u0443 \u0406 \u0442\u0438\u0441. \u0434\u043E \u043D.\u0435. \u041F\u0440\u043E\u0439\u0448\u043B\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u043B\u0438\u043A\u0443 \u0435\u0432\u043E\u043B\u044E\u0446\u0456\u044E. \u0423 IV\u2014VIII \u0441\u0442. \u043F\u0438\u0441\u0435\u043C\u043D\u0430 \u043C\u043E\u0432\u0438 (\u043A\u043B\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0430 \u043F\u0438\u0441\u0435\u043C\u043D\u0430) \u043F\u043E\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0438\u043B\u0430\u0441\u044F \u0432 \u041A\u043E\u0440\u0435\u0457, \u042F\u043F\u043E\u043D\u0456\u0457 \u0439 \u0412'\u0454\u0442\u043D\u0430\u043C\u0456, \u0434\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u043A\u043E\u043D\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0430 \u0440\u043E\u043B\u044C \u043C\u043E\u0432\u0438 \u043C\u0456"@uk . . . "\u6C99\u767C"@en . "Chinese"@en . . "\u041A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u044F\u0437\u044B\u043A"@ru . . "\u010C\u00EDn\u0161tina, neboli \u010D\u00EDnsk\u00E9 jazyky (\u6C49\u8BED / \u6F22\u8A9E; Chan-j\u00FC nebo \u4E2D\u6587; \u010Cung-wen), je skupina p\u0159\u00EDbuzn\u00FDch, ale v mnoha p\u0159\u00EDpadech vz\u00E1jemn\u011B nesrozumiteln\u00FDch jazyk\u016F, kter\u00E9 pat\u0159\u00ED do sinotibetsk\u00E9 jazykov\u00E9 rodiny. P\u0159esto, \u017Ee jsou sv\u00FDmi mluv\u010D\u00EDmi \u010Dasto ozna\u010Dov\u00E1ny za pouh\u00E9 dialekty, jsou tyto jazyky ve skute\u010Dnosti velice rozmanit\u00E9 a \u010D\u00EDn\u0161tina tvo\u0159\u00ED jednu ze dvou v\u011Btv\u00ED sinotibetsk\u00FDch jazyk\u016F (tou druhou jsou tibetobarmsk\u00E9 jazyky). V\u0161echny \u010D\u00EDnsk\u00E9 jazyky jsou t\u00F3nov\u00E9 a analytick\u00E9. V z\u00E1vislosti na klasifika\u010Dn\u00EDm syst\u00E9mu se v r\u00E1mci \u010D\u00EDn\u0161tiny rozezn\u00E1v\u00E1 7\u201313 hlavn\u00EDch skupin. Zdaleka nejpo\u010Detn\u011Bj\u0161\u00ED skupinou jsou severo\u010D\u00EDnsk\u00E9 dialekty, kter\u00E9 maj\u00ED 960 milion\u016F rodil\u00FDch mluv\u010D\u00EDch; n\u00E1sleduje Wu s 80 miliony mluv\u010D\u00EDmi. D\u016Fle\u017Eit\u00E1 je kanton\u0161tina, kter\u00E1 se pou\u017E\u00EDv\u00E1 v Hongkongu."@cs . "Rumpun bahasa Sinitik"@in . . "Zung1 men4*2"@en . . . "zh" . . "#946565"@en . "\u8CFD\u767E\u5473"@en . "\u84DD\u7259"@en . . . . . . . . . . "j\u016Bng-w\u00E9n"@en . . . . . . "\u6F22\u8A9E\u65CF\uFF0C\u6216\u7A31\u6F22\u767D\u8A9E\u65CF\uFF0C\u4E5F\u7A31\u6F22\u8A9E\u3001\u83EF\u8A9E\uFF0C\u70BA\u6F22\u85CF\u8A9E\u7CFB\u7684\u4E00\u652F\u3002\u95DC\u65BC\u5176\u6240\u5305\u542B\u7684\u8A9E\u8A00\u7A2E\u985E\uFF0C\u5728\u8A9E\u8A00\u5B78\u754C\u4E3B\u8981\u6709\u5169\u7A2E\u4E0D\u540C\u89C0\u9EDE\uFF1A\u4E00\u7A2E\u8A8D\u70BA\u6F22\u8A9E\u65CF\u53EA\u6709\u6F22\u8A9E\u4E00\u7A2E\u8A9E\u8A00\uFF1B\u53E6\u4E00\u7A2E\u8A8D\u70BA\u6F22\u8A9E\u65CF\u5305\u542B\u5B98\u8BDD\u3001\u6E58\u8A9E\u3001\u8D1B\u8A9E\u3001\u5433\u8A9E\u3001\u95A9\u8A9E\u3001\u7CB5\u8A9E\u3001\u5BA2\u5BB6\u8A71\u4E03\u5927\u8A9E\u8A00\uFF08\u6216\u52A0\u4E0A\u664B\u8BED\u3001\u5FBD\u8BED\u3001\u5EE3\u897F\u5E73\u8A71\uFF09\uFF0C\u5176\u4E2D\u95A9\u8A9E\u5185\u53C8\u5206\u70BA\u95A9\u5357\u8A71\u3001\u95A9\u6771\u8A71\u3001\u95A9\u5317\u8A71\u3001\u95A9\u4E2D\u8A71\u3001\u8386\u4ED9\u8A71\u3001\u90B5\u5C07\u8A71\u7B49\u96E3\u4EE5\u76F8\u901A\u7684\u65B9\u8A00\u3002\u524D\u8005\u5C07\u5B98\u8A71\u3001\u6E58\u8A9E\u3001\u8D1B\u8A9E\u3001\u5433\u8A9E\u3001\u95A9\u8A9E\u3001\u7CB5\u8A9E\u3001\u5BA2\u5BB6\u8A71\u7B49\u8996\u70BA\u6F22\u8A9E\u7684\u65B9\u8A00\uFF1B\u5F8C\u8005\u5247\u8A8D\u70BA\u6F22\u8A9E\u65CF\u5305\u542B\u4E86\u6578\u7A2E\u4E92\u76F8\u95DC\u806F\u53C8\u5404\u81EA\u72EC\u7ACB\u7684\u89AA\u5C6C\u8A9E\u8A00\u3002 \u6B64\u5916\uFF0C\u6709\u8AAA\u6CD5\u4E3B\u5F35\u767D\u8A9E\uFF08\u767D\u65CF\u7684\u8A9E\u8A00\uFF09\u4E5F\u5C6C\u65BC\u6F22\u8A9E\u65CF\uFF0C\u56E0\u6B64\u4EA6\u7A31\u6F22\u767D\u8A9E\u65CF\u3002"@zh . . "\u99AC\u9054"@en . . . . . . . "\u8B58"@en . . . "Txinera(\u4E2D\u6587 / Zh\u014Dngw\u00E9n) edo hizkuntza senitiarrak ( \u6C49\u8BED edo \u6F22\u8A9E / H\u00E0ny\u01D4) hizkuntza bat edo hizkuntza familia bat kontsidera daitezke, eta jatorriz han etniaren hizkuntzak dira. Hizkuntza sino-tibetarren adar bietako bat da. Munduko populazioaren seiren batek, 1.300 milioi pertsona inguruk, txineraren formetako bat darabil ama-hizkuntza lez. Hizkuntza familia bezala, txinerak 1,2 mila milioi hiztun inguru ditu; mandarinerak bakarrik 850 milioi hiztun inguru ditu, munduko beste edozein hizkuntza gaindituz. Ahozko txinera bere barne desberdintasunengatik da ezaguna, halere, aldaera guztiak dira tonalak eta analitikoak. Sei eta hamabi talde erregional bitartean dago (sailkapen eskemaren arabera); handiena mandarinera da (850 milioi pertsona), jarraian wu aldaera legoke (90 milioi), ondoren min mintzaira (70 milioi) eta azkenik kantonera (70 milioi). Talde hauetako asko elkarrekiko ulergaitzak dira, baina batzuk, esaterako xiang eta hego-mendebaldeko mandarinera, zenbait adiera eta ulergarritasun maila jakin bat partekatzen dituzte. Txinera hiru azpimintzairadun makrohizkuntza lez dago klasifikaturik ISO 639-3 kodean, baina txineraren aldaeren identifikazioa hizkuntza edo dialekto moduan nahiko eztabaidatua da. Ahozko txineraren era estandarizatua mandarinera estandarra da (\u666E\u901A\u8BDD / p\u01D4t\u014Dngh\u00F9a, \u56FD\u8BED / g\u00FAoy\u01D4), Beijing hiriko dialektoan oinarritua. Hau Txinako Herri Errepublikako eta Txinako Errepublikako hizkuntza ofiziala da, eta baita Singapurreko lau hizkuntza ofizialetako bat ere. Txinera NBEko sei hizkuntza ofizialetako bat ere bada. Beste aldaeretatik, kantonera estandarra ohikoa eta eragingarria da itsasoz haraindiko kantonera-hiztunen komunitateetan, eta Hong Kongeko hizkuntza ofizialetako bat da ingelesarekin batera, eta Macaun portugesarekin. Hegoaldeko min mintzaira, min talde linguistikotik dator eta oso hedatuta dago Fujian hegoaldean, Taiwanen eta Hego-Ekialde Asiarrean."@eu . "\u5DF2\u7D93"@en . "Die chinesischen oder sinitischen Sprachen (chinesisch \u6F22\u8A9E / \u6C49\u8BED, Pinyin H\u00E0ny\u01D4) bilden einen der beiden Prim\u00E4rzweige der sinotibetischen Sprachfamilie, der andere Prim\u00E4rzweig sind die tibetobirmanischen Sprachen. Chinesische Sprachen werden heute von ca. 1,3 Milliarden Menschen gesprochen, von denen die meisten in der Volksrepublik China und in Taiwan leben. In vielen L\u00E4ndern, vor allem in S\u00FCdostasien, gibt es gr\u00F6\u00DFere chinesischsprachige Minderheiten. Die chinesische Sprache mit der gr\u00F6\u00DFten Anzahl an Sprechern ist Mandarin. Auf ihm basiert das Hochchinesische, das auch einfach als \u201Edas Chinesische\u201C bzw. \u201EChinesisch\u201C bezeichnet wird."@de . . . . . . . . "Map of the Chinese-speaking world."@en . "#eeb36a"@en . . . . "\u570B\u6A19"@en . . . . . "\u7ECF\u6D4E"@en . . "This claim needs a source specifically saying that scholars do this and for this reason"@en . . . "\u5B9E\u9645"@en . . "Chinesische Sprachen"@de . . . . "3.5"^^ . . . "La lingua cinese (\u6F22\u8A9ET, \u6C49\u8BEDS, h\u00E0ny\u01D4P), nella sua accezione pi\u00F9 generica (e non per indicare il cinese moderno standard o un particolare dialetto come lo shanghainese o una famiglia di dialetti come il cantonese, l'Hakka e i Minnan), \u00E8 una vasta e variegata famiglia linguistica composta da centinaia di variet\u00E0 linguistiche locali distinte e spesso non mutuamente intelligibili (come ad esempio il dialetto di Pechino e il dialetto cantonese). Queste varianti fanno parte della famiglia delle lingue sino-tibetane, evolutesi a partire dalla fine del III secolo a.C. nell'area geografica grossomodo corrispondente alla Cina continentale durante l'affermazione, espansione e successiva decadenza delle Dinastie Qin e Han (alcuni linguisti, tra cui Bernhard Karlgren, hanno ipotizzato che la diversificazione dei vari dialetti sia avvenuta dopo l'VIII secolo d.C.). Sono dunque note anche come \"lingue sinitiche\", nate da una probabile divisione del Proto-Sino Tibetano/Trans-Himalayano rispettivamente in ceppo sinitico (lingue delle culture neolitiche e antico cinese, attestato nel periodo tra la Dinastia Shang e Han e di cui esistono alcune ricostruzioni, e.g. Baxter-Sagart, 2014, ed evoluto in Primo Cinese Medio/EMC, da cui discendono gran parte dei dialetti eccetto per le lingue Bai e il Min, che discendono dal cinese antico) e in Tibeto-Birmano (Proto-Tibeto-Birmano, di cui esiste una ricostruzione proposta da James Matisoff. Da esso discende il birmano antico e l'Old Tibetan, da cui derivano le lingue tibetiche). Le lingue sinitiche sono poi suddivisibili in vari gruppi di dialetti (e.g. il Min a cui appartiene l'hokkien, i dialetti Wu a cui appartiene lo shanghainese, lo Yue a cui appartiene il cantonese standard/variet\u00E0 prestigiosa di Hong Kong...). Gi\u00E0 durante l'Old Chinese si registra una suddivisione in variet\u00E0 locali. Lo standard ISO 639-3 identifica il cinese come un macrolinguaggio. Ciascuna variet\u00E0 locale del cinese ha comunque delle caratteristiche in comune con le altre: \u00E8 caratterizzata dal fatto di essere una lingua tonale, isolante (ha perso la morfologia dopo l'Old Chinese), in cui vige l'ordine dei costituenti SVO, la cui evoluzione \u00E8 stata influenzata e determinata in maniera importantissima dall'esistenza di un sistema di scrittura standard basato sui caratteri cinesi. Il cinese ha la grande pecularit\u00E0 di non avere un alfabeto, ma di essere scritto con un corpus di decine di migliaia di caratteri detti \"sinogrammi\" o \"caratteri cinesi\" (i pi\u00F9 diffusi comunque sono 3000/3500) nati in origine per essere incisi sulle ossa oracolari messe a crepare sul fuoco per effettuare delle divinazioni (1250 a.C., Dinastia Shang). Sono basati su un sistema di unit\u00E0 minime, i radicali, di cui esistono due versioni/liste/sistemi fondamentali: i 214 radicali Kangxi (\u5EB7\u7199\u90E8\u9996; 1615, 1716), che sono lo standard pure nelle lingue sino-xeniche, e i loro antenati, i 540 radicali Shuowen (\u8BF4\u6587\u89E3\u5B57\u90E8\u9996, 100 d.C.). Con queste unit\u00E0 minime, la scrittura, la ricerca su dizionari cartacei e digitali e la memorizzazione sono molto pi\u00F9 agevoli, come anche la ricerca filologica e paleografica a partire dalle ossa oracolari e dai bronzi del periodo Shang e Zhou, laddove gi\u00E0 attestati. La pronuncia viene oggi indicata con un sistema di romanizzazione, il pinyin, che per\u00F2 non \u00E8 un alfabeto. I caratteri cinesi sono stati pure esportati in Corea, Giappone e Vietnam (hanja, kanji e chu' Nom, usati raramente in lingua coreana, tuttora usati in lingua giapponese e in disuso in lingua vietnamita): il Coreano, il Giapponese e il Vietnamita, chiamate (lingue della sinosfera), ritengono molte caratteristiche della pronuncia in Primo Cinese Medio, come gli stop senza rilascio udibile di suono *-p, *-t e *-k e la codina nasale *-m. Il cinese, stando a Ethnologue 2020, \u00E8 parlato da 1,3 miliardi di persone e la variet\u00E0 mandarina/settentrionale ha 1,12 miliardi di parlanti (gran parte lo parla come lingua nativa); quest'ultima \u00E8 la prima famiglia linguistica con maggior numero di parlanti nativi al mondo. Come parlanti totali, \u00E8 al secondo posto, appena sotto l'inglese."@it . "Lingua cinese"@it . . . "\u83E9\u8428"@en . . . . . . "\u7C89\u7D72"@en . "\u7345\u5B50"@en . . . "J\u016Bng m\u00E1n"@en . . . . . . . "\u6C49\u8BED"@zh . . . . . "\u65F6"@en . "Is teanga n\u00F3 gr\u00FApa teangacha \u00ED an tS\u00EDnis (\u6C49\u8BED/\u6F22\u8A9E, Pinyin: H\u00E0ny\u01D4; \u534E\u8BED/\u83EF\u8A9E, Hu\u00E1y\u01D4; n\u00F3 \u4E2D\u6587, Zh\u014Dngw\u00E9n). T\u00E1 b'fh\u00E9idir 1.5 billi\u00FAn cainteoir\u00ED san Ioml\u00E1n. Seans go bhfuil leagan n\u00F3 can\u00FAint \u00E9igin den teanga \u00F3 dh\u00FAchas ag gach c\u00FAigi\u00FA duine ar domhan. Is ceann de sh\u00E9 theanga oifigi\u00FAla na N\u00E1isi\u00FAn Aontaithe \u00ED an tS\u00EDnis. Ceili\u00FArtar L\u00E1 na S\u00EDnise sna N\u00E1isi\u00FAin Aontaithe ar an 20 Aibre\u00E1n gach bliain. Is \u00ED an Mhandair\u00EDnis an fhoirm chaighde\u00E1nach den teanga a \u00FAs\u00E1idtear i nDaon-Phoblacht na S\u00EDne, \u00E1it a bhfuil s\u00ED ina teanga oifigi\u00FAil."@ga . . . . "\u65F6\u95F4"@en . "hoe3 nyiu2"@en . . . . . . . "Chinese text"@en . . "czh"@en . . "\u56FD\u6807"@en . "La lingua cinese (\u6F22\u8A9ET, \u6C49\u8BEDS, h\u00E0ny\u01D4P), nella sua accezione pi\u00F9 generica (e non per indicare il cinese moderno standard o un particolare dialetto come lo shanghainese o una famiglia di dialetti come il cantonese, l'Hakka e i Minnan), \u00E8 una vasta e variegata famiglia linguistica composta da centinaia di variet\u00E0 linguistiche locali distinte e spesso non mutuamente intelligibili (come ad esempio il dialetto di Pechino e il dialetto cantonese)."@it . "79"^^ . . "\u50F9"@en . "\u83E9\u85A9"@en . . . . . "\u30B7\u30CA\u8A9E\u6D3E\uFF08\u30B7\u30CA\u3054\u306F\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u30B7\u30CA\u30FB\u30C1\u30D9\u30C3\u30C8\u8A9E\u65CF\u306E\u4E00\u8A9E\u6D3E\u3067\u3001\u30C1\u30D9\u30C3\u30C8\u30FB\u30D3\u30EB\u30DE\u8A9E\u6D3E\u3068\u3068\u3082\u306B\u3053\u306E\u8A9E\u65CF\u3092\u69CB\u6210\u3059\u308B\u3002\u6F22\u8A9E\u6D3E\u3001\u6F22\u30FB\u30DA\u30FC\u8A9E\u6D3E\u3068\u3082\u3044\u3046\u3002 \u30B7\u30CA\u8A9E\u6D3E\u306F\u3057\u3070\u3057\u3070\u5E83\u7FA9\u306E\u4E2D\u56FD\u8A9E\uFF08\u5B98\u8A71\u3001\u7CA4\u8A9E\u3001\u95A9\u8A9E\u7B49\u306E\u7DCF\u79F0\uFF09\u3068\u540C\u7FA9\u8A9E\u3068\u3055\u308C\u3001\u3082\u3046\u4E00\u65B9\u306E\u30C1\u30D9\u30C3\u30C8\u30FB\u30D3\u30EB\u30DE\u8A9E\u6D3E\u306F\u8A00\u8A9E\u7CFB\u7D71\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3088\u308A\u3082\u4E2D\u56FD\u8A9E\u4EE5\u5916\u306E\u30B7\u30CA\u30FB\u30C1\u30D9\u30C3\u30C8\u8AF8\u8A9E\u306E\u7DCF\u79F0\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5074\u9762\u3082\u3042\u3063\u305F\u3002\u3057\u304B\u3057\u30011948\u5E74\u4EE5\u964D\u306E\u7814\u7A76\u306E\u9032\u5C55\u3067\u3001\u5F93\u6765\u30C1\u30D9\u30C3\u30C8\u30FB\u30D3\u30EB\u30DE\u8A9E\u6D3E\u3068\u3055\u308C\u3066\u304D\u305F\u30DA\u30FC\u8A9E\u304C\u4ED6\u306E\u30C1\u30D9\u30C3\u30C8\u30FB\u30D3\u30EB\u30DE\u8AF8\u8A9E\u3088\u308A\u4E2D\u56FD\u8A9E\u306B\u8FD1\u3044\u3068\u3059\u308B\u8AAC\u3082\u5531\u3048\u3089\u308C\u308B\u3088\u3046\u306B\u306A\u308A\u3001\u3053\u306E\u8AAC\u306B\u5F93\u3048\u3070\u30B7\u30CA\u8A9E\u6D3E\u306F\u4E2D\u56FD\u8A9E\u3068\u30DA\u30FC\u8A9E\u304B\u3089\u69CB\u6210\u3055\u308C\u308B\u3053\u3068\u306B\u306A\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . "\u8FD8"@en . . "\u96FB\u8996"@en . . "\u7C89\u4E1D"@en . . "Han people/dynasty's language"@en . . . . . . . . . . "off"@en . . . . "Sinitic"@en . . "#b1bab6"@en . "Chinese"@en . "\u99AC\u5229\u5967"@en . "Han text"@en . . "Lenguas sin\u00EDticas"@es . "\u8BC6"@en . . . . "Les langues chinoises (chinois simplifi\u00E9 : \u4E2D\u56FD\u8BED\u6587 ; chinois traditionnel : \u4E2D\u570B\u8A9E\u6587 ; pinyin : zh\u014Dngg\u00FAo y\u01D4w\u00E9n) ou langues sinitiques, souvent d\u00E9sign\u00E9es dans leur ensemble sous le nom de \u00AB chinois \u00BB (\u4E2D\u6587, zh\u014Dngw\u00E9n), appartiennent \u00E0 la famille des langues sino-tib\u00E9taines. On consid\u00E8re la langue \u00E9crite (\u6587, w\u00E9n) comme la plus universelle, qui transcende la prononciation des divers parlers. La langue parl\u00E9e dans son caract\u00E8re le plus g\u00E9n\u00E9ral est le plus souvent appel\u00E9e hanyu (\u6C49\u8BED ), soit \u00AB langue des Han \u00BB, m\u00EAme si d'autres groupes ethniques ont progressivement adopt\u00E9 cette langue. Les diff\u00E9rents parlers peuvent \u00EAtre consid\u00E9r\u00E9s comme langue (\u8BED, y\u01D4) ou comme dialecte ( : \u65B9\u8A00 ; pinyin : f\u0101ngy\u00E1n). Le statut d'un parler comme langue ou dialecte est souvent sujet \u00E0 controverses en l'absence de r\u00E9f\u00E9rences \u00E9crites \u00E0 la prononciation. Articles d\u00E9taill\u00E9s : chinois \u00E9crit et chinois parl\u00E9."@fr . "\u041A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0301\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0430 \u043C\u043E\u0301\u0432\u0430, \u0430\u0431\u043E \u0445\u0456\u0301\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0430 \u043C\u043E\u0301\u0432\u0430 (\u0443\u0441\u043D\u0430 \u2014 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434. \u6F22\u8A9E, \u0441\u043F\u0440. \u6C49\u8BED, \u043F\u0456\u043D\u044C\u0457\u043D\u044C: h\u00E0ny\u01D4, \u0430\u043A\u0430\u0434. \u0445\u0430\u043D\u044C\u044E\u0439; \u043F\u0438\u0441\u0435\u043C\u043D\u0430 \u2014 \u4E2D\u6587, \u043F\u0456\u043D\u044C\u0457\u043D\u044C: zh\u014Dngw\u00E9n, \u0430\u043A\u0430\u0434. \u0447\u0436\u0443\u043D\u0432\u0435\u043D\u044C) \u2014 \u043C\u043E\u0432\u0430 \u043A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0446\u0456\u0432 (\u0445\u0430\u043D\u0446\u0456\u0432, \u0430\u0431\u043E \u0445\u0456\u043D\u0446\u0456\u0432). \u041F\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0430 \u043C\u043E\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u0443 \u0437\u0430 \u043A\u0456\u043B\u044C\u043A\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044E \u043C\u043E\u0432\u0446\u0456\u0432 \u2014 \u043F\u043E\u043D\u0430\u0434 1,2 \u043C\u0456\u043B\u044C\u044F\u0440\u0434\u0430 \u043E\u0441\u0456\u0431. \u041D\u0430\u043B\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0442\u044C \u0434\u043E \u0441\u0438\u043D\u043E-\u0442\u0438\u0431\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0457 \u043C\u043E\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0441\u0456\u043C'\u0457. \u041F\u043E\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043D\u0430 \u0432 \u041A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0457 (\u0425\u0456\u043D\u0456), \u043A\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043D\u0430\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u043C\u0456\u0441\u0446\u044F\u0445 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F \u043A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0457 \u0434\u0456\u0430\u0441\u043F\u043E\u0440\u0438 (\u041F\u0456\u0432\u0434\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E-\u0421\u0445\u0456\u0434\u043D\u0430 \u0410\u0437\u0456\u044F, \u0421\u0428\u0410, \u0410\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043B\u0456\u044F, \u041F\u0435\u0440\u0443, \u0411\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0456\u044F, \u0406\u0442\u0430\u043B\u0456\u044F, \u0420\u043E\u0441\u0456\u044F, \u0423\u043A\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043D\u0430). \u041D\u0430\u043B\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0442\u044C \u0434\u043E \u0442\u043E\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u043C\u043E\u0432. \u0412\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0432\u0443\u0454 \u0441\u043A\u043B\u0430\u0434\u043D\u0443 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0430\u0457\u0447\u043D\u0443 \u0456\u0434\u0435\u043E\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043C\u043D\u0443 \u043F\u0438\u0441\u0435\u043C\u043D\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044C \u2014 \u00AB\u0445\u0430\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0456 \u043B\u0456\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u00BB (\u6F22\u5B57), \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u043D\u0430 \u0417\u0430\u0445\u043E\u0434\u0456 \u044F\u043A \u043A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0456 (\u0445\u0456\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0456) \u0456\u0454\u0440\u043E\u0433\u043B\u0456\u0444\u0438, \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043B\u043E\u043C \u0434\u043E 50-80 \u0442\u0438\u0441\u044F\u0447 \u0437\u043D\u0430\u043A\u0456\u0432. \u041E\u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0438\u043B\u0430\u0441\u044F \u0443 \u0406 \u0442\u0438\u0441. \u0434\u043E \u043D.\u0435. \u041F\u0440\u043E\u0439\u0448\u043B\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u043B\u0438\u043A\u0443 \u0435\u0432\u043E\u043B\u044E\u0446\u0456\u044E. \u0423 IV\u2014VIII \u0441\u0442. \u043F\u0438\u0441\u0435\u043C\u043D\u0430 \u043C\u043E\u0432\u0438 (\u043A\u043B\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0430 \u043F\u0438\u0441\u0435\u043C\u043D\u0430) \u043F\u043E\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0438\u043B\u0430\u0441\u044F \u0432 \u041A\u043E\u0440\u0435\u0457, \u042F\u043F\u043E\u043D\u0456\u0457 \u0439 \u0412'\u0454\u0442\u043D\u0430\u043C\u0456, \u0434\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u043A\u043E\u043D\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0430 \u0440\u043E\u043B\u044C \u043C\u043E\u0432\u0438 \u043C\u0456\u0436\u043D\u0430\u0440\u043E\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0441\u043F\u0456\u043B\u043A\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0434\u043E \u043A\u0456\u043D\u0446\u044F \u0425\u0406\u0425 \u0441\u0442. \u041E\u0444\u0456\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043D\u0430 \u043C\u043E\u0432\u0430 \u041A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0457 \u041D\u0430\u0440\u043E\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043F\u0443\u0431\u043B\u0456\u043A\u0438, \u041A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0457 \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043F\u0443\u0431\u043B\u0456\u043A\u0438 \u043D\u0430 \u0422\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0456, \u0421\u0456\u043D\u0433\u0430\u043F\u0443\u0440\u0443. \u041E\u0434\u043D\u0430 \u0437 \u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043E\u0444\u0456\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0456 \u0440\u043E\u0431\u043E\u0447\u0438\u0445 \u043C\u043E\u0432 \u041E\u041E\u041D."@uk . . . . . "3.9"^^ . . "Rumpun bahasa Sinitik, sering kali identik dengan \"bahasa Tionghoa\", merupakan cabang utama dari rumpun bahasa Sino-Tibet. Seringkali dikemukakan bahwa ada pemisahan utama antara bahasa Sinitik dan bahasa lainnya dari rumpun bahasa tersebut (rumpun bahasa Tibeto-Burma), tetapi pandangan ini ditolak oleh semakin banyak peneliti."@in . . . . "st"@en . . "yes"@en . . . . "\u9999\u69DF"@en . "Rumpun bahasa Sinitik, sering kali identik dengan \"bahasa Tionghoa\", merupakan cabang utama dari rumpun bahasa Sino-Tibet. Seringkali dikemukakan bahwa ada pemisahan utama antara bahasa Sinitik dan bahasa lainnya dari rumpun bahasa tersebut (rumpun bahasa Tibeto-Burma), tetapi pandangan ini ditolak oleh semakin banyak peneliti."@in . . . . . . . "/"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Chinese (\"middle/central\") text"@en . 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\u03C7\u03C1\u03B7\u03C3\u03B9\u03BC\u03BF\u03C0\u03BF\u03B9\u03BF\u03CD\u03BD\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C3\u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03A4\u03B1\u03CA\u03B2\u03AC\u03BD, \u03C4\u03BF \u03A7\u03BF\u03BD\u03B3\u03BA \u039A\u03BF\u03BD\u03B3\u03BA, \u03C4\u03BF \u039C\u03B1\u03BA\u03AC\u03BF \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03AC\u03BB\u03BB\u03B5\u03C2 \u03C7\u03CE\u03C1\u03B5\u03C2 \u03BC\u03B5 \u03C3\u03B7\u03BC\u03B1\u03BD\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AD\u03C2 \u03BE\u03AD\u03BD\u03B5\u03C2 \u03BA\u03B9\u03BD\u03B5\u03B6\u03CC\u03C6\u03C9\u03BD\u03B5\u03C2 \u03BA\u03BF\u03B9\u03BD\u03CC\u03C4\u03B7\u03C4\u03B5\u03C2, \u03CC\u03C0\u03C9\u03C2 \u03B7 \u039C\u03B1\u03BB\u03B1\u03B9\u03C3\u03AF\u03B1 (\u03B7 \u03BF\u03C0\u03BF\u03AF\u03B1 \u03B1\u03BD \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C5\u03B9\u03BF\u03B8\u03AD\u03C4\u03B7\u03C3\u03B5 \u03B1\u03C0\u03BB\u03BF\u03C0\u03BF\u03B9\u03B7\u03BC\u03AD\u03BD\u03BF\u03C5\u03C2 \u03C7\u03B1\u03C1\u03B1\u03BA\u03C4\u03AE\u03C1\u03B5\u03C2 \u03C9\u03C2 \u03BD\u03C4\u03B5 \u03C6\u03AC\u03BA\u03C4\u03BF \u03C0\u03C1\u03CC\u03C4\u03C5\u03C0\u03BF \u03C3\u03C4\u03B7 \u03B4\u03B5\u03BA\u03B1\u03B5\u03C4\u03AF\u03B1 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 1980, \u03BF\u03B9 \u03C0\u03B1\u03C1\u03B1\u03B4\u03BF\u03C3\u03B9\u03B1\u03BA\u03BF\u03AF \u03C7\u03B1\u03C1\u03B1\u03BA\u03C4\u03AE\u03C1\u03B5\u03C2 \u03B5\u03BE\u03B1\u03BA\u03BF\u03BB\u03BF\u03C5\u03B8\u03BF\u03CD\u03BD \u03BD\u03B1 \u03C7\u03C1\u03B7\u03C3\u03B9\u03BC\u03BF\u03C0\u03BF\u03B9\u03BF\u03CD\u03BD\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B5\u03C5\u03C1\u03AD\u03C9\u03C2)."@el . "\u041A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0301\u0439\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u044F\u0437\u044B\u0301\u043A (\u043A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0435, \u0441\u0438\u043D\u0438\u0442\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0435, \u0441\u0438\u043D\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0435 \u044F\u0437\u044B\u043A\u0438; \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434. \u6F22\u8A9E, \u0443\u043F\u0440. \u6C49\u8BED, \u043F\u0438\u043D\u044C\u0438\u043D\u044C h\u00E0ny\u01D4, \u043F\u0430\u043B\u043B. \u0445\u0430\u043D\u044C\u044E\u0439 \u043B\u0438\u0431\u043E \u4E2D\u6587, \u043F\u0438\u043D\u044C\u0438\u043D\u044C zh\u014Dngw\u00E9n, \u043F\u0430\u043B\u043B. \u0447\u0436\u0443\u043D\u0432\u044D\u043D\u044C) \u2014 \u044F\u0437\u044B\u043A \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u044F\u0437\u044B\u043A\u043E\u0432\u0430\u044F \u0432\u0435\u0442\u0432\u044C \u0441\u0438\u043D\u043E-\u0442\u0438\u0431\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u044F\u0437\u044B\u043A\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u043C\u044C\u0438, \u0441\u043E\u0441\u0442\u043E\u044F\u0449\u0430\u044F \u0438\u0437 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439, \u0432 \u0442\u043E\u043C \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043B\u0435 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C\u044E \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043C\u043E\u043D\u0435\u043F\u043E\u043D\u044F\u0442\u043D\u044B\u0445. \u041A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u044F\u0437\u044B\u043A \u044F\u0432\u043B\u044F\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u043D\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043F\u0440\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0451\u043D\u043D\u044B\u043C \u0441\u043E\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u043C \u044F\u0437\u044B\u043A\u043E\u043C \u0441 \u043E\u0431\u0449\u0438\u043C \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043B\u043E\u043C \u0433\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0440\u044F\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0435 1,3 \u043C\u043B\u0440\u0434 \u0447\u0435\u043B\u043E\u0432\u0435\u043A. \u0412 \u0420\u043E\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u043F\u043E\u0434 \u0441\u043B\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435\u043C \u00AB\u043A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u044F\u0437\u044B\u043A\u00BB (\u0432 \u0442\u043E\u043C \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043B\u0435 \u0432 \u043E\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043E\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043C\u043C\u0430\u0445) \u0447\u0430\u0449\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043E \u0438\u043C\u0435\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0432 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0443 \u0441\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043D\u043E\u043A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u044F\u0437\u044B\u043A \u0438 \u0435\u0433\u043E \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043D\u0442 \u2014 \u043F\u0443\u0442\u0443\u043D\u0445\u0443\u0430."@ru . . "\u5DF2\u7ECF"@en . . . "\u30B7\u30CA\u8A9E\u6D3E\uFF08\u30B7\u30CA\u3054\u306F\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u30B7\u30CA\u30FB\u30C1\u30D9\u30C3\u30C8\u8A9E\u65CF\u306E\u4E00\u8A9E\u6D3E\u3067\u3001\u30C1\u30D9\u30C3\u30C8\u30FB\u30D3\u30EB\u30DE\u8A9E\u6D3E\u3068\u3068\u3082\u306B\u3053\u306E\u8A9E\u65CF\u3092\u69CB\u6210\u3059\u308B\u3002\u6F22\u8A9E\u6D3E\u3001\u6F22\u30FB\u30DA\u30FC\u8A9E\u6D3E\u3068\u3082\u3044\u3046\u3002 \u30B7\u30CA\u8A9E\u6D3E\u306F\u3057\u3070\u3057\u3070\u5E83\u7FA9\u306E\u4E2D\u56FD\u8A9E\uFF08\u5B98\u8A71\u3001\u7CA4\u8A9E\u3001\u95A9\u8A9E\u7B49\u306E\u7DCF\u79F0\uFF09\u3068\u540C\u7FA9\u8A9E\u3068\u3055\u308C\u3001\u3082\u3046\u4E00\u65B9\u306E\u30C1\u30D9\u30C3\u30C8\u30FB\u30D3\u30EB\u30DE\u8A9E\u6D3E\u306F\u8A00\u8A9E\u7CFB\u7D71\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3088\u308A\u3082\u4E2D\u56FD\u8A9E\u4EE5\u5916\u306E\u30B7\u30CA\u30FB\u30C1\u30D9\u30C3\u30C8\u8AF8\u8A9E\u306E\u7DCF\u79F0\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5074\u9762\u3082\u3042\u3063\u305F\u3002\u3057\u304B\u3057\u30011948\u5E74\u4EE5\u964D\u306E\u7814\u7A76\u306E\u9032\u5C55\u3067\u3001\u5F93\u6765\u30C1\u30D9\u30C3\u30C8\u30FB\u30D3\u30EB\u30DE\u8A9E\u6D3E\u3068\u3055\u308C\u3066\u304D\u305F\u30DA\u30FC\u8A9E\u304C\u4ED6\u306E\u30C1\u30D9\u30C3\u30C8\u30FB\u30D3\u30EB\u30DE\u8AF8\u8A9E\u3088\u308A\u4E2D\u56FD\u8A9E\u306B\u8FD1\u3044\u3068\u3059\u308B\u8AAC\u3082\u5531\u3048\u3089\u308C\u308B\u3088\u3046\u306B\u306A\u308A\u3001\u3053\u306E\u8AAC\u306B\u5F93\u3048\u3070\u30B7\u30CA\u8A9E\u6D3E\u306F\u4E2D\u56FD\u8A9E\u3068\u30DA\u30FC\u8A9E\u304B\u3089\u69CB\u6210\u3055\u308C\u308B\u3053\u3068\u306B\u306A\u308B\u3002"@ja . "Ministry of Education"@en . . "J\u0119zyk chi\u0144ski (chi\u0144. upr. \u6C49\u8BED; chi\u0144. trad. \u6F22\u8A9E; pinyin H\u00E0ny\u01D4 lub \u4E2D\u6587; pinyin Zh\u014Dngw\u00E9n) \u2013 j\u0119zyk lub grupa spokrewnionych j\u0119zyk\u00F3w (w klasyfikacji ISO 639-3: makroj\u0119zyk) z rodziny j\u0119zyk\u00F3w chi\u0144sko-tybeta\u0144skich. W pi\u015Bmie chi\u0144skim zazwyczaj nie oddaje si\u0119 r\u00F3\u017Cnic w wymowie (r\u00F3\u017Cnych ton\u00F3w tej samej sylaby), tj. zapis jest identyczny, ale jego wymowa mo\u017Ce si\u0119 bardzo r\u00F3\u017Cni\u0107 w zale\u017Cno\u015Bci od mowy danego u\u017Cytkownika. Poszczeg\u00F3lne odmiany j\u0119zykowe mog\u0105 by\u0107 nawet wzajemnie niezrozumia\u0142e. Ethnologue wyr\u00F3\u017Cnia w obr\u0119bie makroj\u0119zyka kilkana\u015Bcie j\u0119zyk\u00F3w chi\u0144skich."@pl . "\u9AD8\u723E\u592B"@en . "D\u1E73ng-\u00F9ng"@en . . "hon3 y\u00FC5"@en . "\u6F22\u8A9E\u6C34\u5E73\u8003\u8A66"@en . . . . . . . . . "Han4-yu3"@en . . . . . "H\u00E1ng-ng\u1E73\u0304"@en . . "3"^^ . . . "Le lingue sinitiche o lingue siniche (\u6C49\u8BED\u65CF) sono una famiglia linguistica appartenente al pi\u00F9 esteso gruppo delle lingue sinotibetane. Essa comprende tutte le variet\u00E0 linguistiche del cinese, motivo per cui l'espressione \u00E8 spesso sinonimo di lingue cinesi. L'utilizzo di questa espressione esprime con maggior precisione il fatto che, dal punto di vista dell'analisi linguistica, le diverse variet\u00E0 del cinese possono legittimamente essere intese come una famiglia di lingue a s\u00E9 stanti, dotate di specifiche caratteristiche comuni che giustificano la loro appartenenza a un comune denominatore chiamato \"lingua cinese\". Si tratta di una interpretazione che si affianca alla concezione tradizionale (affermatasi per ragioni storiche, culturali e politiche) secondo cui le diverse parlate della Cina continentale sarebbero invece delle varianti dialettali di un'unica lingua cinese. La lingua cinese come gruppo unico secondo Ethnologue 2020 conta 1,3 miliardi di parlanti, di cui 1,12 parla il cinese mandarino (cio\u00E8 le variet\u00E0 settentrionali)."@it . . . . . . . . "\u624B\u6A5F"@en . . . . . . . "\u77F3\u982D"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . "gan"@en . "J\u0119zyk chi\u0144ski"@pl . "\u53EF\u4E50"@en . "IPA"@en . "\u7F51\u5FD7"@en . . . . "H\u00E0n-y\u01D4"@en . "\u6642\u4EE3"@en . . . . . . . "Bahasa Tionghoa (\u6C49\u8BED/\u6F22\u8A9E, \u534E\u8BED/\u83EF\u8A9E, atau \u4E2D\u6587; Pinyin: H\u00E0ny\u01D4, Hu\u00E1y\u01D4, atau Zh\u014Dngw\u00E9n) adalah bagian dari rumpun bahasa Sino-Tibet. Meskipun kebanyakan orang Tionghoa menganggap berbagai varian bahasa Tionghoa lisan sebagai satu bahasa, variasi dalam bahasa-bahasa lisan tersebut sebanding dengan variasi-variasi yang ada dalam misalkan bahasa Roman; bahasa tertulisnya juga telah berubah bentuk seiring dengan perjalanan waktu, meski lebih lambat dibandingkan dengan bentuk lisannya, dan oleh sebab itu mampu melebihi variasi-variasi dalam bentuk lisannya. Sekitar 1/5 penduduk dunia menggunakan salah satu bentuk bahasa Tionghoa sebagai penutur asli, maka jika dianggap satu bahasa, bahasa Tionghoa merupakan bahasa dengan jumlah penutur asli terbanyak di dunia. Bahasa Tionghoa (dituturkan dalam bentuk standarnya, Mandarin) adalah bahasa resmi Tiongkok dan Taiwan, salah satu dari empat bahasa resmi Singapura, dan salah satu dari enam bahasa resmi PBB. Istilah dan konsep yang digunakan orang Tionghoa untuk berpikir tentang bahasa berbeda dengan yang digunakan orang-orang Barat; ini disebabkan oleh efek pemersatu aksara Tionghoa yang digunakan untuk menulis dan juga oleh perbedaan dalam perkembangan politik dan sosial Tiongkok dibandingkan dengan Eropa. Tiongkok berhasil menjaga persatuan budaya dan politik pada waktu yang bersamaan dengan jatuhnya kerajaan Romawi, masa di mana Eropa terpecah menjadi negara-negara kecil yang perbedaannya ditentukan oleh bahasa. Perbedaan utama antara konsep Tiongkok dan konsep Barat tentang bahasa ialah bahwa orang-orang Tiongkok sangat membedakan bahasa tertulis (wen) dari bahasa lisan (yu). Pembedaan ini diperluas sampai menjadi pembedaan antara kata tertulis (zi) dan kata yang diucapkan (hua). Konsep untuk bahasa baku yang berbeda dan mempersatukan bahasa lisan dengan bahasa tertulis ini dalam bahasa Tionghoa tidaklah terlalu menonjol. Ada beberapa varian bahasa Tionghoa lisan, di mana bahasa Mandarin adalah yang paling penting dan menonjol. Tetapi di sisi lain, hanya ada satu bahasa tertulis saja. (Lihat paragraf di bawah ini). Bahasa Tionghoa lisan adalah semacam bahasa intonasi yang berhubungan dengan bahasa Tibet dan bahasa Myanmar, tetapi secara genetis tidak berhubungan dengan bahasa-bahasa tetangga seperti bahasa Korea, bahasa Vietnam, bahasa Thai dan bahasa Jepang. Meskipun begitu, bahasa-bahasa tersebut mendapat pengaruh yang besar dari bahasa Tionghoa dalam proses sejarah, secara linguistik maupun ekstralinguistik. Bahasa Korea dan bahasa Jepang sama-sama mempunyai sistem penulisan yang menggunakan aksara Tionghoa, yang masing-masing dipanggil Hanja dan Kanji. Di Korea Utara, Hanja sudah tidak lagi digunakan dan Hangul ialah satu-satunya cara untuk menampilkan bahasanya sementara di Korea Selatan Hanja masih digunakan. Bahasa Vietnam juga mempunyai banyak kata-kata pinjam dari bahasa Tionghoa dan pada masa dahulu menggunakan aksara Tionghoa."@in . "Tiong-b\u00FBn"@en . . "\u5BE6\u969B"@en . . . "Lleng\u00FCes sin\u00EDtiques"@ca . "\u30B7\u30CA\u8A9E\u6D3E"@ja . . "\u6642\u9AE6"@en . "H\u00E0ny\u01D4 written in traditional and simplified characters ; Zh\u014Dngw\u00E9n"@en . . . . . . "Le lingue sinitiche o lingue siniche (\u6C49\u8BED\u65CF) sono una famiglia linguistica appartenente al pi\u00F9 esteso gruppo delle lingue sinotibetane. Essa comprende tutte le variet\u00E0 linguistiche del cinese, motivo per cui l'espressione \u00E8 spesso sinonimo di lingue cinesi. La lingua cinese come gruppo unico secondo Ethnologue 2020 conta 1,3 miliardi di parlanti, di cui 1,12 parla il cinese mandarino (cio\u00E8 le variet\u00E0 settentrionali)."@it . . . . . . . . . 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\u0627\u0639\u062A\u064F\u0645\u062F\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064A\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0642\u0644\u064A\u062F\u064A\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u062B\u0644\u0627\u062B\u064A\u0646\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064A \u0648\u0647\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064A\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062C\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u062A\u0627\u064A\u0648\u0627\u0646."@ar . . . . . . . . "\u4E09G\u624B\u6A5F"@en . "Is teanga n\u00F3 gr\u00FApa teangacha \u00ED an tS\u00EDnis (\u6C49\u8BED/\u6F22\u8A9E, Pinyin: H\u00E0ny\u01D4; \u534E\u8BED/\u83EF\u8A9E, Hu\u00E1y\u01D4; n\u00F3 \u4E2D\u6587, Zh\u014Dngw\u00E9n). T\u00E1 b'fh\u00E9idir 1.5 billi\u00FAn cainteoir\u00ED san Ioml\u00E1n. Seans go bhfuil leagan n\u00F3 can\u00FAint \u00E9igin den teanga \u00F3 dh\u00FAchas ag gach c\u00FAigi\u00FA duine ar domhan. Is ceann de sh\u00E9 theanga oifigi\u00FAla na N\u00E1isi\u00FAn Aontaithe \u00ED an tS\u00EDnis. Ceili\u00FArtar L\u00E1 na S\u00EDnise sna N\u00E1isi\u00FAin Aontaithe ar an 20 Aibre\u00E1n gach bliain. Is \u00ED an Mhandair\u00EDnis an fhoirm chaighde\u00E1nach den teanga a \u00FAs\u00E1idtear i nDaon-Phoblacht na S\u00EDne, \u00E1it a bhfuil s\u00ED ina teanga oifigi\u00FAil."@ga . . "H\u00E0nw\u00E9n"@en . . . . . "\uC911\uAD6D\uC5B4(\uD55C\uAD6D \uD55C\uC790: \u4E2D\u570B\u8A9E) \uB610\uB294 \uD55C\uC5B4( \uC815\uCCB4\uC790: \u6F22\u8A9E, \uAC04\uCCB4\uC790: \u6C49\u8BED, \uBCD1\uC74C: h\u00E0ny\u01D4 \uD55C\uC704[*], \u310F\u3122\u02CB\u3129\u02C7)\uB294 \uC911\uAD6D\uD2F0\uBCA0\uD2B8\uC5B4\uC871\uC5D0 \uC18D\uD558\uB294 \uC5B8\uC5B4\uC758 \uC9D1\uD569\uCCB4\uB85C, \uD654\uC5B4( \uC815\uCCB4\uC790: \u83EF\u8A9E, \uBCD1\uC74C: hu\u00E1y\u01D4), \uC911\uBB38(: \u4E2D\u6587, \uBCD1\uC74C: zh\u014Dngw\u00E9n) \uB4F1\uC73C\uB85C\uB3C4 \uBD88\uB9B0\uB2E4. \uC911\uD654\uC778\uBBFC\uACF5\uD654\uAD6D\uC5D0 \uAC00\uC7A5 \uB9CE\uC740 \uC0AC\uC6A9\uC790\uAC00 \uC788\uC73C\uBA70, \uAC01\uC9C0\uC758 \uC911\uAD6D\uACC4 \uC774\uC8FC\uBBFC\uB4E4\uB3C4 \uC4F4\uB2E4. \uC911\uAD6D\uC5B4\uB294 \uD604\uC7AC \uC911\uD654\uC778\uBBFC\uACF5\uD654\uAD6D, \uC911\uD654\uBBFC\uAD6D, \uC2F1\uAC00\uD3EC\uB974\uC5D0\uC11C \uACF5\uC6A9\uC5B4\uB85C \uC9C0\uC815\uB418\uC5B4 \uC788\uC73C\uBA70, UN\uC758 6\uAC1C \uACF5\uC6A9\uC5B4 \uC911 \uD558\uB098\uC774\uB2E4. \uBA85\uCE6D\uC740 \uD604\uB300 \uC911\uAD6D\uC5B4\uB9CC\uC744 \uAC00\uB9AC\uD0A4\uB294 \uAC83\uC73C\uB85C \uC624\uD574\uB420 \uC6B0\uB824\uAC00 \uC788\uC73C\uBBC0\uB85C \uC5ED\uC0AC\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uADF8\uAC83\uAE4C\uC9C0 \uD1B5\uD2C0\uC5B4 \uC77C\uCEEC\uC744 \uACBD\uC6B0\uC5D0\uB294 \uD55C\uC5B4(\u6F22\u8A9E)\uB77C\uACE0\uB3C4 \uD55C\uB2E4. \uC911\uAD6D\uC5B4\uB294 \uB2E8\uC77C\uC758 \uC5B8\uC5B4\uB77C\uAE30\uBCF4\uB2E4\uB294 \uBC29\uC5B8\uC5F0\uC18D\uCCB4\uB85C \uC774\uB8E8\uC5B4\uC9C4 \uC81C\uC5B4(\u8AF8\u8A9E)\uC774\uBA70, \uD559\uC790\uC5D0 \uB530\uB77C \uB2E4\uB974\uB098, \uBC29\uC5B8\uC740 \uD06C\uAC8C 10\uAC1C \uC815\uB3C4\uB85C \uB098\uB25C\uB2E4. \uB300\uD45C\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uBCA0\uC774\uC9D5 \uB4F1\uC9C0\uC758 \uBC29\uC5B8\uC774\uBA70 \uAC00\uC7A5 \uB9CE\uC740 \uAD6C\uC0AC\uC790\uB97C \uBCF4\uC720\uD55C \uAD00\uD654(\u5B98\u8A71; Mandarin), \uC0C1\uD558\uC774 \uB4F1\uC9C0\uC5D0\uC11C \uC4F0\uC774\uB294 \uC624\uC5B4(\u5433\u8A9E), \uB0A8\uBD80\uC758 \uBBFC\uC5B4(\u95A9\u8A9E), \uAD11\uB465\uC5B4 \uB4F1\uC774 \uC788\uB2E4. \uADFC\uB300\uC5D0 \uB4E4\uC5B4\uC11C \uC911\uAD6D\uC5B4\uC5D0\uB294 \uC601\uC5B4 \uBC1C\uC74C\uACFC \uBE44\uC2B7\uD558\uB3C4\uB85D \uB9CE\uC740 \uD604\uB300\uC5B4\uB4E4\uC774 \uB9CC\uB4E4\uC5B4\uC84C\uB2E4. \uC608\uB97C \uB4E4\uC5B4 Social(\u793E\u4F1A) , rebound(\u53CD\u5F39), Electricity(\u7535\u6C14) \uB4F1 \uD604\uC7AC \uB9CE\uC740 \uD604\uB300\uC5B4\uB4E4\uC774 \uADFC\uB300\uC5D0 \uB9CC\uB4E4\uC5B4 \uC84C\uC73C\uBA70 \uC774\uB7F0 \uB2E8\uC5B4\uB4E4\uC740 \uADFC\uB300 \uC774\uC804\uC5D0\uB294 \uC874\uC7AC\uD558\uC9C0 \uC54A\uC558\uB358 \uB2E8\uC5B4\uB4E4\uC774\uB2E4. \uC77C\uBC18\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uD55C\uC790(\u6F22\u5B57)\uB77C\uB294 \uBB38\uC790\uB85C \uD45C\uAE30\uB418\uB294\uB370, \uC774\uB294 \uACE0\uB300\uC758 \uC0C1\uD615\uBB38\uC790 \uAC11\uACE8\uBB38\uC744 \uAE30\uBC18\uC73C\uB85C \uD55C \uD45C\uC5B4\uBB38\uC790\uB85C\uC11C \uADF8 \uC218\uAC00 \uB9E4\uC6B0 \uB9CE\uC73C\uBA70 \uB3C5\uD2B9\uD55C \uD615\uD0DC\uB97C \uC9C0\uB2C8\uACE0 \uC788\uB2E4. \uBC1C\uC74C\uC744 \uD45C\uAE30\uD560 \uB54C\uC5D0\uB294 \uD55C\uC790\uC5D0\uC11C \uB530\uC628 \uC8FC\uC74C\uBD80\uD638\uC640 \uB85C\uB9C8\uC790\uB97C \uC774\uC6A9\uD55C \uD55C\uC5B4 \uBCD1\uC74C\uC774 \uC0AC\uC6A9\uB41C\uB2E4. \uD604\uB300 \uC911\uAD6D\uC5B4\uB294 \uC131\uC870\uAC00 \uC874\uC7AC\uD558\uBA70, \uC131\uC870\uC5D0 \uB530\uB77C \uB2E8\uC5B4\uC758 \uC758\uBBF8\uAC00 \uBC14\uB00C\uAE30\uB3C4 \uD55C\uB2E4. SVO \uC5B4\uC21C\uC744 \uB530\uB974\uBA70, \uD615\uD0DC\uC18C\uAC00 \uAD74\uC808\uC5C6\uC774 \uB2E8\uC5B4\uB97C \uC774\uB8E8\uC5B4 \uC5B4\uC21C\uC5D0 \uB530\uB77C \uBB38\uBC95\uC801 \uC5ED\uD560\uC774 \uACB0\uC815\uB418\uB294 \uACE0\uB9BD\uC5B4\uC774\uB2E4."@ko . . "\u010C\u00EDn\u0161tina"@cs . . . . . "5.6"^^ . "As l\u00EDnguas s\u00EDniticas ou s\u00EDnicas (do voc\u00E1bulo greco - latino medieval Sina, \"China\", por sua vez do nome din\u00E1stico Qin, provavelmente pelo \u00E1rabe S\u012Bn) s\u00E3o as integrantes de uma fam\u00EDlia lingu\u00EDstica frequentemente postulada como uma das duas principais subdivis\u00F5es do sino-tibetano."@pt . . . . . . . . . . . "no"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . "El que es coneix generalment per xin\u00E8s \u00E9s un grup d'idiomes (lleng\u00FCes sin\u00EDtiques) que pertany a la fam\u00EDlia de lleng\u00FCes sinotibetanes. Encara que la majoria de xinesos veuen les varietats parlades com un mateix idioma, les variacions en la llengua parlada s\u00F3n comparables a les difer\u00E8ncies entre les lleng\u00FCes rom\u00E0niques (per exemple, el catal\u00E0 i el franc\u00E8s), i aquesta identificaci\u00F3 alguns ling\u00FCistes i sinologistes la consideren inapropiada. L'escriptura xinesa, per\u00F2, ha canviat molt m\u00E9s lentament que la llengua parlada i, per tant, mant\u00E9 molta m\u00E9s uniformitat. Cal fer notar, tanmateix, que la forma escrita del xin\u00E8s, tot i que s'ensenya i s'usa entre parlants de totes les lleng\u00FCes xineses, es basa en el mandar\u00ED i no \u00E9s neutral en relaci\u00F3 amb les varietats del xin\u00E8s. Hi ha formes escrites de canton\u00E8s i min que difereixen de l'est\u00E0ndard, reflectint difer\u00E8ncies del mandar\u00ED en el vocabulari i la gram\u00E0tica. Vora una cinquena part de la poblaci\u00F3 del m\u00F3n parla alguna forma de xin\u00E8s com a llengua materna. Aix\u00F2 fa que sigui la llengua amb m\u00E9s nombre de parlants nadius del m\u00F3n. El llenguatge xin\u00E8s, parlat en forma d'est\u00E0ndard mandar\u00ED (\u666E\u901A\u8BDD), \u00E9s l'idioma oficial (\u5B98\u65B9\u8BED\u8A00) de la Rep\u00FAblica Popular de la Xina (\u4E2D\u534E\u4EBA\u6C11\u5171\u548C\u56FD) i la Rep\u00FAblica de la Xina (Taiwan), un dels quatre idiomes oficials de Singapur, i un dels sis idiomes oficials de les Nacions Unides. \u00C9s una llengua del grup sinotibet\u00E0, origin\u00E0ria de la Xina, on la parla la gran majoria de la poblaci\u00F3. A meitat dels anys noranta tenia uns 1.220 milions de parlants arreu del m\u00F3n, dels quals uns 1.200 habitaven a la Rep\u00FAblica Popular de la Xina, on el mandar\u00ED \u00E9s llengua oficial. Tamb\u00E9 era oficial a l'antiga col\u00F2nia brit\u00E0nica de Hong Kong (integrada a la Xina el 1997) i a Taiwan. Fora de la Xina el parlen uns 20 milions de persones, dues terceres parts de les quals s\u00F3n al Sud-est asi\u00E0tic, sobretot a Tail\u00E0ndia, Indon\u00E8sia i el Vietnam. A la resta del m\u00F3n, les col\u00F2nies m\u00E9s nombroses se'n concentren als Estats Units."@ca . . . . . . . . . . "\u5B98\u8BDD"@en . "zho"@en . . . . . . . . ", or"@en . . . . . . . "zho"@en . "\u4E2D\u56FD\u8A9E"@ja . "8467200.0"^^ . . . . . . "Lingue sinitiche"@it . . . . "\u5B9E"@en . "\u041A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0301\u0439\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u044F\u0437\u044B\u0301\u043A (\u043A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0435, \u0441\u0438\u043D\u0438\u0442\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0435, \u0441\u0438\u043D\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0435 \u044F\u0437\u044B\u043A\u0438; \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434. \u6F22\u8A9E, \u0443\u043F\u0440. \u6C49\u8BED, \u043F\u0438\u043D\u044C\u0438\u043D\u044C h\u00E0ny\u01D4, \u043F\u0430\u043B\u043B. \u0445\u0430\u043D\u044C\u044E\u0439 \u043B\u0438\u0431\u043E \u4E2D\u6587, \u043F\u0438\u043D\u044C\u0438\u043D\u044C zh\u014Dngw\u00E9n, \u043F\u0430\u043B\u043B. \u0447\u0436\u0443\u043D\u0432\u044D\u043D\u044C) \u2014 \u044F\u0437\u044B\u043A \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u044F\u0437\u044B\u043A\u043E\u0432\u0430\u044F \u0432\u0435\u0442\u0432\u044C \u0441\u0438\u043D\u043E-\u0442\u0438\u0431\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u044F\u0437\u044B\u043A\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u043C\u044C\u0438, \u0441\u043E\u0441\u0442\u043E\u044F\u0449\u0430\u044F \u0438\u0437 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439, \u0432 \u0442\u043E\u043C \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043B\u0435 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C\u044E \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043C\u043E\u043D\u0435\u043F\u043E\u043D\u044F\u0442\u043D\u044B\u0445. \u041A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u044F\u0437\u044B\u043A \u044F\u0432\u043B\u044F\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u043D\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043F\u0440\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0451\u043D\u043D\u044B\u043C \u0441\u043E\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u043C \u044F\u0437\u044B\u043A\u043E\u043C \u0441 \u043E\u0431\u0449\u0438\u043C \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043B\u043E\u043C \u0433\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0440\u044F\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0435 1,3 \u043C\u043B\u0440\u0434 \u0447\u0435\u043B\u043E\u0432\u0435\u043A. \u041A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u044F\u0437\u044B\u043A \u044F\u0432\u043B\u044F\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u043E\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u0432\u0435\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u043D\u043E-\u0442\u0438\u0431\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u043C\u044C\u0438 \u044F\u0437\u044B\u043A\u043E\u0432. \u041F\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043E\u043D\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E \u043E\u043D \u0431\u044B\u043B \u044F\u0437\u044B\u043A\u043E\u043C \u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u044D\u0442\u043D\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043F\u043F\u044B \u041A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u044F \u2014 \u043D\u0430\u0440\u043E\u0434\u0430 \u0445\u0430\u043D\u044C. \u0412 \u0441\u0432\u043E\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0435 \u043A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u044F\u0432\u043B\u044F\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u043E\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u043C \u044F\u0437\u044B\u043A\u043E\u043C \u041A\u041D\u0420 \u0438 \u0422\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0430\u043D\u044F, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043A\u0436\u0435 \u043E\u0434\u043D\u0438\u043C \u0438\u0437 \u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043E\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043E\u0447\u0438\u0445 \u044F\u0437\u044B\u043A\u043E\u0432 \u041E\u041E\u041D. \u041A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u044F\u0437\u044B\u043A \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043B\u044F\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043E\u0431\u043E\u0439 \u0441\u043E\u0432\u043E\u043A\u0443\u043F\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0432\u0435\u0441\u044C\u043C\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043B\u0438\u0447\u0430\u044E\u0449\u0438\u0445\u0441\u044F \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u043E\u0432, \u0438 \u043F\u043E\u0442\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043C\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0431\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0448\u0438\u043D\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u043C \u044F\u0437\u044B\u043A\u043E\u0432\u0435\u0434\u043E\u0432 \u043A\u0430\u043A \u0441\u0430\u043C\u043E\u0441\u0442\u043E\u044F\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0430\u044F \u044F\u0437\u044B\u043A\u043E\u0432\u0430\u044F \u0432\u0435\u0442\u0432\u044C, \u0441\u043E\u0441\u0442\u043E\u044F\u0449\u0430\u044F \u0438\u0437 \u043E\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0445, \u0445\u043E\u0442\u044F \u0438 \u0440\u043E\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u043C\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0441\u043E\u0431\u043E\u0439, \u044F\u0437\u044B\u043A\u043E\u0432\u044B\u0445 \u0438/\u0438\u043B\u0438 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043F\u043F. \u0412 \u041A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u041D\u0430\u0440\u043E\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043F\u0443\u0431\u043B\u0438\u043A\u0435 \u0432 \u043A\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043E\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u0438\u0441\u044C\u043C\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043D\u044F\u0442 \u00AB\u043F\u0443\u0442\u0443\u043D\u0445\u0443\u0430\u00BB (\u0434\u043E\u0441\u043B\u043E\u0432\u043D\u043E \u2014 \u00AB\u0432\u0441\u0435\u043E\u0431\u0449\u0430\u044F/\u043E\u0431\u044B\u0447\u043D\u0430\u044F \u0440\u0435\u0447\u044C\u00BB), \u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u043D\u0430 \u043F\u0435\u043A\u0438\u043D\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0438\u0437\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u043D\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043D\u043E\u043A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u044F\u0437\u044B\u043A\u0430 (\u0432 \u0437\u0430\u043F\u0430\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u043B\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435 \u2014 \u00AB\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0438\u043D\u00BB). \u0412 \u0422\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0435, \u0432 \u0413\u043E\u043D\u043A\u043E\u043D\u0433\u0435 \u0438 \u041C\u0430\u043A\u0430\u043E \u0435\u0433\u043E \u0430\u043D\u0430\u043B\u043E\u0433 (\u0441 \u043C\u0438\u043D\u0438\u043C\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u043C\u0438 \u043E\u0442\u043B\u0438\u0447\u0438\u044F\u043C\u0438) \u043D\u0430\u0437\u044B\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u00AB\u0433\u043E\u044E\u0439\u00BB (\u00AB\u0433\u043E\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u044F\u0437\u044B\u043A\u00BB), \u0432 \u0421\u0438\u043D\u0433\u0430\u043F\u0443\u0440\u0435 \u0438 \u041C\u0430\u043B\u0430\u0439\u0437\u0438\u0438 \u2014 \u00AB\u0445\u0443\u0430\u044E\u0439\u00BB (\u00AB\u044F\u0437\u044B\u043A \u043A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0446\u0435\u0432/\u041A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u044F\u00BB). \u0421\u043B\u043E\u0436\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u0441\u043E\u0446\u0438\u043E\u043B\u0438\u043D\u0433\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0435 \u043F\u043E\u043D\u044F\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u00AB\u043A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u044F\u0437\u044B\u043A\u00BB \u043E\u0431\u044A\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043D\u044F\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u0435 \u0441\u043E\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u043A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u044F\u0437\u044B\u043A \u0438 \u0435\u0433\u043E \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u044B (\u043D\u043E \u043D\u0435 \u044F\u0437\u044B\u043A\u0438 \u043D\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043E\u043D\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u043C\u0435\u043D\u044C\u0448\u0438\u043D\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u2014 \u0443\u0439\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439, \u043C\u043E\u043D\u0433\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439, \u0442\u0438\u0431\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u0442. \u0434.). \u041C\u043D\u043E\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u043E\u0432 \u043D\u0435 \u0438\u043C\u0435\u044E\u0442 \u043F\u0438\u0441\u044C\u043C\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044F \u0432 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0435 \u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043F\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0437\u0443\u044E\u0442, \u043F\u0440\u0438 \u043D\u0435\u043E\u0431\u0445\u043E\u0434\u0438\u043C\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u043A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0435\u0440\u043E\u0433\u043B\u0438\u0444\u044B, \u0431\u043B\u0438\u0437\u043A\u0438\u0435 \u043F\u043E \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0438\u0437\u043D\u043E\u0448\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044E. \u0412 \u0420\u043E\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u043F\u043E\u0434 \u0441\u043B\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435\u043C \u00AB\u043A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u044F\u0437\u044B\u043A\u00BB (\u0432 \u0442\u043E\u043C \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043B\u0435 \u0432 \u043E\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043E\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043C\u043C\u0430\u0445) \u0447\u0430\u0449\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043E \u0438\u043C\u0435\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0432 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0443 \u0441\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043D\u043E\u043A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u044F\u0437\u044B\u043A \u0438 \u0435\u0433\u043E \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043D\u0442 \u2014 \u043F\u0443\u0442\u0443\u043D\u0445\u0443\u0430."@ru . . . "czo"@en . . . "billion"@en . . . . . . "Chinese language"@en . . "Las lenguas sin\u00EDticas\u200B (a veces tambi\u00E9n lenguas chinas) forman una subfamilia dentro de las lenguas sinotibetanas, la mayor\u00EDa de ellas son descendientes de los grupos \u00E9tnicos antiguos de Huaxia, excepto la lengua bai cuyo estatus dentro del sinotibetano es controvertido."@es . . . "\u041A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0301\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0456 \u043C\u043E\u0301\u0432\u0438 \u2014 \u043E\u0434\u043D\u0430 \u0437 \u0434\u0432\u043E\u0445 \u0433\u0456\u043B\u043E\u043A \u0441\u0438\u043D\u043E-\u0442\u0438\u0431\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0457 \u043C\u043E\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0441\u0456\u043C'\u0457. \u0414\u043E \u043D\u0435\u0457 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0441\u044F\u0442\u044C \u043A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0443 \u0442\u0430 \u043C\u043E\u0432\u0438. \u0406\u043D\u043A\u043E\u043B\u0438 \u0434\u043E \u043A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u043C\u043E\u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0445\u043E\u0432\u0443\u044E\u0442\u044C \u043B\u0438\u0448\u0435 \u043A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0443 \u043C\u043E\u0432\u0443 \u0456 \u0457\u0457 \u00AB\u0434\u0456\u0430\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0438\u00BB, \u044F\u043A\u0456 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043E \u0440\u043E\u0437\u0433\u043B\u044F\u0434\u0430\u044E\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u044F\u043A \u043E\u043A\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0456 \u043C\u043E\u0432\u0438 \u043E\u0434\u043D\u0456\u0454\u0457 \u043C\u043E\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043F\u0438."@uk . "mnp"@en . . . "\u4E09G\u624B\u673A"@en . . . "\u5F8CPC\u6642\u4EE3"@en . . . . "Chinees of Chinese talen is een groep talen die samen de Sinitische tak van de Sino-Tibetaanse taalfamilie vormen. Meestal wordt met Chinees het Standaardmandarijn bedoeld, de offici\u00EBle taal van de Volksrepubliek China en Taiwan en een van de offici\u00EBle talen van Singapore. Die standaardtaal is gebaseerd op het Beijinghua, het Pekingdialect van het Mandarijn, de grootste van de Chinese talen. Feitelijk is het Chinees te beschouwen als een macrotaal die wordt gesproken door ongeveer 1,2 miljard mensen, met name in China en Taiwan, maar ook in andere landen van het Verre Oosten, waaronder Maleisi\u00EB, Thailand, Indonesi\u00EB en Singapore. Ook wordt de taal gesproken door vele overzeese Chinezen. De Chinese talen bestaan al zeer lang, er zijn al geschriften teruggevonden van meer dan 2500 jaar geleden en Chinese karakters op orakelbotten die nog ouder zijn."@nl . . . . . . "\u540E"@en . . . "Txinera(\u4E2D\u6587 / Zh\u014Dngw\u00E9n) edo hizkuntza senitiarrak ( \u6C49\u8BED edo \u6F22\u8A9E / H\u00E0ny\u01D4) hizkuntza bat edo hizkuntza familia bat kontsidera daitezke, eta jatorriz han etniaren hizkuntzak dira. Hizkuntza sino-tibetarren adar bietako bat da. Munduko populazioaren seiren batek, 1.300 milioi pertsona inguruk, txineraren formetako bat darabil ama-hizkuntza lez. Hizkuntza familia bezala, txinerak 1,2 mila milioi hiztun inguru ditu; mandarinerak bakarrik 850 milioi hiztun inguru ditu, munduko beste edozein hizkuntza gaindituz."@eu . . "#96642c"@en . . . "csp"@en . "June 2015"@en . . "Pinghua, others"@en . . .