. ""@en . . . "\u82EF\u4E8C\u6C2E\u44EC\u7C7B\u836F\u7269\u7684\u4F9D\u8D56\u6027\u6216\u82EF\u4E8C\u6C2E\u44EC\u7C7B\u836F\u7269\u6210\u763E\u6307\u7684\u662F\u5F53\u4E00\u4E2A\u4EBA\u8868\u73B0\u51FA\u4EE5\u4E0B\u75C7\u72B6\u4E2D\u4E00\u4E2A\u6216\u591A\u4E2A\uFF1A\u8010\u836F\u6027\uFF0C\u6212\u65AD\u75C7\u72B6\uFF0C\u5BFB\u6C42\u836F\u7269\u4F7F\u7528\u884C\u4E3A\uFF08\u4F8B\u5982\u4E0D\u987E\u6709\u5BB3\u540E\u679C\u6301\u7EED\u4F7F\u7528\uFF09\uFF0C\u548C\u9002\u5E94\u836F\u7269\u4F7F\u7528\u7684\u4E0D\u826F\u6A21\u5F0F\u3002\u5728\u82EF\u4E8C\u6C2E\u44EC\u7C7B\u836F\u7269\u4F9D\u8D56\u4E2D\uFF0C\u7EE7\u7EED\u4F7F\u7528\u8BE5\u7C7B\u836F\u7269\u4F3C\u4E4E\u662F\u4E3A\u4E86\u907F\u514D\u4EE4\u4EBA\u4E0D\u5FEB\u7684\u6212\u65AD\u53CD\u5E94\uFF0C\u800C\u4E0D\u662F\u4E3A\u4E86\u836F\u7269\u7684\u79EF\u6781\u6548\u679C\u3002 \u82EF\u4E8C\u6C2E\u44EC\u7C7B\u836F\u7269\u5982\u679C\u957F\u671F\u4F7F\u7528\uFF0C\u5373\u4FBF\u4EE5\u8F83\u4F4E\u7684\u6CBB\u7597\u5242\u91CF\uFF0C\u4ECD\u7136\u4F1A\u4EA7\u751F\u4F9D\u8D56\u3002"@zh . . . . . . . . "304.1"^^ . "\u30D9\u30F3\u30BE\u30B8\u30A2\u30BC\u30D4\u30F3\u4F9D\u5B58\u75C7\uFF08\u30D9\u30F3\u30BE\u30B8\u30A2\u30BC\u30D4\u30F3\u3044\u305D\u3093\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3001Benzodiazepine dependence\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u3001\u300E\u7CBE\u795E\u969C\u5BB3\u306E\u8A3A\u65AD\u3068\u7D71\u8A08\u30DE\u30CB\u30E5\u30A2\u30EB\u300F\u7B2C4\u7248\uFF08DSM-IV\uFF09\u306B\u5F93\u3048\u3070\u3001\u8010\u6027\u3001\u96E2\u8131\u75C7\u72B6\u3001\u85AC\u7269\u63A2\u7D22\u884C\u52D5\u3001\u6709\u5BB3\u306A\u5F71\u97FF\u306B\u53CD\u3057\u3066\u306E\u7D99\u7D9A\u4F7F\u7528\u3001\u4E0D\u9069\u5207\u306A\u30D1\u30BF\u30FC\u30F3\u306B\u304A\u3051\u308B\u4F7F\u7528\u3001\u306A\u3069\u306E\u3044\u305A\u308C\u304B3\u3064\u4EE5\u4E0A\u3092\u6E80\u305F\u3057\u305F\u72B6\u614B\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u3057\u304B\u3057\u30D9\u30F3\u30BE\u30B8\u30A2\u30BC\u30D4\u30F3\u4F9D\u5B58\u75C7\u306E\u5834\u5408\u306B\u306F\u3001\u85AC\u7269\u306B\u3088\u308B\u5FEB\u3044\u4F5C\u7528\u3088\u308A\u3082\u4E0D\u5FEB\u306A\u96E2\u8131\u53CD\u5FDC\u3092\u56DE\u907F\u3059\u308B\u305F\u3081\u306B\u7D99\u7D9A\u7684\u306B\u4F7F\u7528\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3068\u307F\u3089\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002\u30D9\u30F3\u30BE\u30B8\u30A2\u30BC\u30D4\u30F3\u4F9D\u5B58\u75C7\u306F\u3001\u9577\u671F\u9593\u306E\u4F7F\u7528\u306B\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3001\u4F4E\u3044\u6CBB\u7642\u7528\u91CF\u306B\u304A\u3044\u3066\u3082\u3001\u4F9D\u5B58\u884C\u52D5\u304C\u306A\u304F\u3066\u3082\u5F62\u6210\u3055\u308C\u308B\u3002 2002\u5E74\u4EE5\u6765\u3001\u30D9\u30F3\u30BE\u30B8\u30A2\u30BC\u30D4\u30F3\u306E\u8AA4\u7528\u3068\u4F9D\u5B58\u304C\u61F8\u5FF5\u3055\u308C\u3066\u304D\u305F\u3002\u7C73\u56FD\u306E\u7269\u8CEA\u4E71\u7528\u6CBB\u7642\u65BD\u8A2D\u306B\u304A\u3051\u308B\u60A3\u8005\u306E\u7279\u5FB4\u306E\u5E74\u6B21\u7DE8\u96C6\u7269\u3067\u3042\u308B\u7C73\u56FD\u306E\u6CBB\u7642\u30A8\u30D4\u30BD\u30FC\u30C9\u30C7\u30FC\u30BF\u96C6\uFF08Treatment Episode Data Set, TEDS\uFF09\u306E\u8ABF\u67FB\u7D50\u679C\u306B\u57FA\u3065\u304F\u3068\u3001\u4E3B\u306A\u7CBE\u795E\u5B89\u5B9A\u5264\uFF08primary tranquilizer\u3001\u30D9\u30F3\u30BE\u30B8\u30A2\u30BC\u30D4\u30F3\u3060\u3051\u306B\u9650\u3089\u308C\u3066\u306A\u3044)\u306E\u4F7F\u7528\u306B\u3088\u308B\u5165\u9662\u304C\u30011992\u5E74\u304B\u30892002\u5E74\u306E\u9593\u306B79%\u5897\u52A0\u3057\u305F\u3002\u305D\u308C\u3086\u3048\u3001\u7C73\u56FD\u85AC\u7269\u4E71\u7528\u8B66\u544A\u30CD\u30C3\u30C8\u30EF\u30FC\u30AF(Drug Abuse Warning Network)\u3068TEDS\u306E\u7D71\u8A08\u306F\u3001\u3053\u308C\u3089\u306E\u93AE\u9759\u50AC\u7720\u5264\u306E\u8AA4\u7528\u304C\u4E0A\u6607\u50BE\u5411\u3067\u3001\u61F8\u5FF5\u306E\u539F\u56E0\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3053\u3068\u3092\u660E\u78BA\u306B\u8A3C\u660E\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Bztox"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u82EF\u4E8C\u6C2E\u44EC\u7C7B\u836F\u7269\u4F9D\u8D56\u6027"@zh . . . "003578" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "La dependencia de las benzodiazepinas o la adicci\u00F3n a las benzodiazepinas es una condici\u00F3n en la cual una persona es dependiente de un medicamento benzodiazepinico. La dependencia puede ser tanto psicol\u00F3gica como f\u00EDsica o una combinaci\u00F3n de ambas. La dependencia f\u00EDsica sucede cuando una persona desarrolla tolerancia a las benzodiazepinas y como resultado de la tolerancia fisiol\u00F3gica y de los s\u00EDntomas de abstinencia desarrolla una dependencia f\u00EDsica, que se puede manifestar durante una reducci\u00F3n de la dosis o una suspensi\u00F3n del consumo como un s\u00EDndrome de abstinencia de las benzodiazepinas. La adicci\u00F3n, o lo que es a veces llamado dependencia psicol\u00F3gica, incluye el abuso y la necesidad imperiosa de consumir la droga no para aliviar los s\u00EDntomas de la abstinencia, sino para experimentar sus efectos euf\u00F3ricos o intoxicantes. La adicci\u00F3n a las benzodiazepinas puede tambi\u00E9n incluir a personas que las toman normalmente, tal como fueron prescritas por su m\u00E9dico, pero no pueden parar de consumirlas frente a un efecto adverso. Es importante diferenciar la adicci\u00F3n y abuso de la dependencia f\u00EDsica de la benzodiazepinas. La dependencia f\u00EDsica es t\u00EDpica en los consumidores de largo plazo de benzodiazepinas recetadas, pero el abuso y la adicci\u00F3n no es t\u00EDpico en los consumidores bajo control medico.\u200B\u200B El aumento de la inhibici\u00F3n GABAA causada por las benzodiazepinas es contrarrestado por el cuerpo desarrollando tolerancia a los efectos del medicamento; el desarrollo de la tolerancia ocurre como resultado de adaptaciones neuronales, que derivan en una disminuci\u00F3n de la inhibici\u00F3n GABA y un aumento de la excitabilidad del sistema glutamato. Estas adaptaciones suceden como resultado del intento del cuerpo de superar los efectos depresores en el sistema nervioso central del medicamento para restablecer la homeostasis. Cuando las benzodiazepinas son suspendidas, estas adaptaciones neuronales son \u00ABdesenmascaradas\u00BB lo cual causa una hiperexcitabilidad del sistema nervioso y la aparici\u00F3n de s\u00EDntomas de abstinencia.\u200B El grupo m\u00E1s grande de gente dependiente de las benzodiazepinas es la que consume una dosis terap\u00E9utica. Estas personas no suelen aumentar sus dosis a niveles altos o abusar de su medicaci\u00F3n. Hay grupos m\u00E1s peque\u00F1os de gente que si aumenta la dosis o abusa de otras drogas. La tolerancia a los efectos anticonvulsivo, hipn\u00F3tico y relajante muscular, aparece en d\u00EDas o semanas y tras cuatro meses hay poca evidencia que las benzodiazepinas retengan sus propiedades ansiol\u00EDticas. Algunos autores no est\u00E1n de acuerdo y creen que las benzodiazepinas retienen sus propiedades ansiol\u00EDticas.\u200B Sin embargo, el tratamiento a largo plazo con benzodiazepinas puede ser necesario ante determinadas condiciones cl\u00EDnicas.\u200B La dependencia y el abuso de las benzodiazepinas ha sido un tema de mayor preocupaci\u00F3n desde el 2002. Basados en conclusiones extra\u00EDdas de una compilaci\u00F3n anual hecha en Estados Unidos llamada TEDS \u2013 \u00ABTreatment Episode Data Set\u00BB o en espa\u00F1ol, Conjunto de datos de episodios de tratamiento \u2013 que detalla las caracter\u00EDsticas de los pacientes atendidos en instalaciones de tratamiento por abuso de sustancias. Los ingresos debido al consumo de \u00ABtranquilizantes primarios\u00BB \u2013 categor\u00EDa que incluye pero no est\u00E1 limitada a la familia de benzodiazepinas \u2013 aument\u00F3 un 79% entre 1992 y 2002. De este modo el informe TEDS junto con el informe DAWN \u2013 \u00ABDrug Abuse Warning Network\u00BB o en espa\u00F1ol, Red de Advertencia sobre Abuso de Drogas \u2013 demuestran claramente que el abuso de hipn\u00F3ticos\u2212sedantes esta en aumento y son motivo de preocupaci\u00F3n.\u200B La cantidad de prescripciones de benzodiazepinas ha ido disminuyendo, principalmente debido a la preocupaci\u00F3n de la dependencia. A corto plazo, las benzodiazepinas pueden ser una medicina efectiva para la ansiedad aguda o el insomnio. Para el tratamiento a largo plazo hay otras terapias, tanto farmacol\u00F3gicas como psicoterap\u00E9uticas, que son m\u00E1s efectivas. Esto se debe en parte a la mayor efectividad, a lo largo del tiempo, de otras formas de terapia e incluso debido a un eventual desarrollo de una tolerancia farmacol\u00F3gica a las benzodiazepinas.\u200B\u200B"@es . . "Benzodiazepine dependence"@en . . . . "La dipendenza da benzodiazepine o disturbo da uso di benzodiazepine, definito anche uso improprio o abuso, \u00E8 l'uso di benzodiazepine senza prescrizione medica, spesso per scopi ricreativi, che pone rischi di dipendenza, sindrome da astinenza e altri effetti a lungo termine. Le benzodiazepine sono i farmaci da prescrizione pi\u00F9 comuni utilizzate in ambito ricreazionale: quando vengono utilizzate per scopo ricreativo sono generalmente assunte per via orale, ma a volte anche intranasale o endovenosa. L'uso ricreativo produce effetti simili a intossicazione da alcol."@it . . . . . . . "Benzodiazepine dependence is when one has developed one or more of either tolerance, withdrawal symptoms, drug seeking behaviors, such as continued use despite harmful effects, and maladaptive pattern of substance use, according to the DSM-IV. In the case of benzodiazepine dependence, however, the continued use seems to be associated with the avoidance of unpleasant withdrawal reaction rather than from the pleasurable effects of the drug. Benzodiazepine dependence develops with long-term use, even at low therapeutic doses, without the described dependence behavior. Addiction consists of people misusing or craving the drug not to relieve withdrawal symptoms, but to experience its euphoric or intoxicating effects. It is necessary to distinguish between addiction to and abuse of benzodiazepines and physical dependence on them. The increased GABAA inhibition caused by benzodiazepines is counteracted by the body's development of tolerance to the drug's effects; the development of tolerance occurs as a result of neuroadaptations, which result in decreased GABA activity and increased excitability of the glutamate system; these adaptations occur as a result of the body trying to overcome the central nervous system depressant effects of the drug to restore homeostasis. When benzodiazepines are stopped, these neuroadaptations are \"unmasked\" leading to hyper-excitability of the nervous system and the appearance of withdrawal symptoms. Therapeutic dose dependence is the largest category of people dependent on benzodiazepines. These individuals typically do not escalate their doses to high levels or abuse their medication. Smaller groups include patients escalating their dosage to higher levels and drug misusers as well. It is unclear exactly how many people illicitly abuse benzodiazepines. Tolerance develops within days or weeks to the anticonvulsant, hypnotic muscle relaxant and after 4 months there is little evidence that benzodiazepines retain their anxiolytic properties. Some authors, however, disagree and feel that benzodiazepines retain their anxiolytic properties. Long-term benzodiazepine treatment may remain necessary in certain clinical conditions. Numbers of benzodiazepine prescriptions have been declining, due primarily to concerns of dependence. In the short term, benzodiazepines can be effective drugs for acute anxiety or insomnia. With longer-term use, other therapies, both pharmacological and psychotherapeutic, become more effective. This is in part due to the greater effectiveness over time of other forms of therapy, and also due to the eventual development of pharmacological benzodiazepine tolerance."@en . "Psychische und Verhaltensst\u00F6rungen durch Sedativa oder Hypnotika sind eine Gruppe vonAbh\u00E4ngigkeitserkrankungen aufgrund wiederholter Einnahme von Sedativa oder Hypnotika. Schlafst\u00F6rungen sind meist die Ursache f\u00FCr die Verordnung von Hypnotika, bei Sedativa ist eine Beruhigung tags\u00FCber das Ziel. Missbrauch von illegal beschafften, rezeptpflichtigen Medikamenten wird in Deutschland bislang \u00FCberwiegend bei Konsumenten illegaler Rauschdrogen beobachtet. Insgesamt ist davon auszugehen, dass auch bei Aufnahme in eine station\u00E4re Behandlung Missbrauch oder Abh\u00E4ngigkeit von Medikamenten oft hinter der einweisungsveranlassenden gesundheitlichen Krise verborgen bleibt und nicht oder erst zu einem sp\u00E4teren Zeitpunkt entdeckt wird. Ein Abh\u00E4ngigkeitssyndrom ist durch ein Vorhandensein mindestens dreier "@de . "F13.2"@en . . ""@en . . "29548"^^ . . . . "72003"^^ . . "\u30D9\u30F3\u30BE\u30B8\u30A2\u30BC\u30D4\u30F3\u4F9D\u5B58\u75C7\uFF08\u30D9\u30F3\u30BE\u30B8\u30A2\u30BC\u30D4\u30F3\u3044\u305D\u3093\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3001Benzodiazepine dependence\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u3001\u300E\u7CBE\u795E\u969C\u5BB3\u306E\u8A3A\u65AD\u3068\u7D71\u8A08\u30DE\u30CB\u30E5\u30A2\u30EB\u300F\u7B2C4\u7248\uFF08DSM-IV\uFF09\u306B\u5F93\u3048\u3070\u3001\u8010\u6027\u3001\u96E2\u8131\u75C7\u72B6\u3001\u85AC\u7269\u63A2\u7D22\u884C\u52D5\u3001\u6709\u5BB3\u306A\u5F71\u97FF\u306B\u53CD\u3057\u3066\u306E\u7D99\u7D9A\u4F7F\u7528\u3001\u4E0D\u9069\u5207\u306A\u30D1\u30BF\u30FC\u30F3\u306B\u304A\u3051\u308B\u4F7F\u7528\u3001\u306A\u3069\u306E\u3044\u305A\u308C\u304B3\u3064\u4EE5\u4E0A\u3092\u6E80\u305F\u3057\u305F\u72B6\u614B\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u3057\u304B\u3057\u30D9\u30F3\u30BE\u30B8\u30A2\u30BC\u30D4\u30F3\u4F9D\u5B58\u75C7\u306E\u5834\u5408\u306B\u306F\u3001\u85AC\u7269\u306B\u3088\u308B\u5FEB\u3044\u4F5C\u7528\u3088\u308A\u3082\u4E0D\u5FEB\u306A\u96E2\u8131\u53CD\u5FDC\u3092\u56DE\u907F\u3059\u308B\u305F\u3081\u306B\u7D99\u7D9A\u7684\u306B\u4F7F\u7528\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3068\u307F\u3089\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002\u30D9\u30F3\u30BE\u30B8\u30A2\u30BC\u30D4\u30F3\u4F9D\u5B58\u75C7\u306F\u3001\u9577\u671F\u9593\u306E\u4F7F\u7528\u306B\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3001\u4F4E\u3044\u6CBB\u7642\u7528\u91CF\u306B\u304A\u3044\u3066\u3082\u3001\u4F9D\u5B58\u884C\u52D5\u304C\u306A\u304F\u3066\u3082\u5F62\u6210\u3055\u308C\u308B\u3002 \u55DC\u7656\u306E\u5834\u5408\u306F\u3001\u6642\u306B\u7CBE\u795E\u7684\u4F9D\u5B58\u3068\u547C\u3070\u308C\u308B\u3088\u3046\u306B\u3001\u8AA4\u7528\u3084\u3001\u96E2\u8131\u75C7\u72B6\u306E\u8EFD\u6E1B\u306E\u305F\u3081\u3067\u306F\u306A\u304F\u9676\u9154\u3042\u308B\u3044\u306F\u9154\u3046\u4F5C\u7528\u306E\u305F\u3081\u306B\u85AC\u7269\u3092\u6E07\u671B\u3059\u308B\u4EBA\u3005\u3092\u542B\u3080\u3002\u30D9\u30F3\u30BE\u30B8\u30A2\u30BC\u30D4\u30F3\u306E\u55DC\u7656\u3084\u85AC\u7269\u4E71\u7528\u3068\u3001\u30D9\u30F3\u30BE\u30B8\u30A2\u30BC\u30D4\u30F3\u7CFB\u85AC\u7269\u3078\u306E\u901A\u5E38\u306E\u8EAB\u4F53\u4F9D\u5B58\u306E\u533A\u5225\u306F\u91CD\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u30D9\u30F3\u30BE\u30B8\u30A2\u30BC\u30D4\u30F3\u306B\u8D77\u56E0\u3059\u308BA\u53D7\u5BB9\u4F53\u6291\u5236\u306E\u5897\u52A0\u306F\u3001\u8EAB\u4F53\u306B\u85AC\u7269\u306E\u4F5C\u7528\u306B\u5BFE\u3059\u308B\u8010\u6027\u3092\u5F62\u6210\u3059\u308B\u3053\u3068\u306B\u3088\u3063\u3066\u7121\u52B9\u306B\u306A\u308B\uFF1B\u3053\u306E\u8010\u6027\u306E\u5F62\u6210\u306F\u3001GABA\u6291\u5236\u306E\u6E1B\u5C11\u3068\u30B0\u30EB\u30BF\u30DF\u30F3\u9178\u7CFB\u306B\u304A\u3051\u308B\u8208\u596E\u306E\u5897\u52A0\u3092\u3082\u305F\u3089\u3059\u795E\u7D4C\u9069\u5FDC\u306E\u7D50\u679C\u3068\u3057\u3066\u751F\u3058\u308B\uFF1B\u3053\u308C\u3089\u306E\u9069\u5FDC\u306F\u6052\u5E38\u6027\u3092\u53D6\u308A\u623B\u305D\u3046\u3068\u3001\u85AC\u7269\u306B\u3088\u308B\u4E2D\u67A2\u795E\u7D4C\u7CFB\u3078\u306E\u6291\u5236\u4F5C\u7528\u3092\u5236\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3059\u308B\u8EAB\u4F53\u306E\u7D50\u679C\u3068\u3057\u3066\u751F\u3058\u308B\u3002\u30D9\u30F3\u30BE\u30B8\u30A2\u30BC\u30D4\u30F3\u3092\u4E2D\u6B62\u3057\u305F\u969B\u306B\u3001\u3053\u308C\u3089\u306E\u795E\u7D4C\u9069\u5FDC\u306F\u300C\u9732\u308F\u306B\u306A\u308A\u300D\u795E\u7D4C\u7CFB\u306E\u904E\u5270\u8208\u596E\u3068\u96E2\u8131\u75C7\u72B6\u306E\u51FA\u73FE\u306B\u3064\u306A\u304C\u308B\u3002 \u6CBB\u7642\u7528\u91CF\u4F9D\u5B58\u304C\u3001\u30D9\u30F3\u30BE\u30B8\u30A2\u30BC\u30D4\u30F3\u306B\u4F9D\u5B58\u3057\u305F\u4EBA\u3005\u306E\u6700\u3082\u591A\u3044\u7A2E\u985E\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u3053\u308C\u3089\u306E\u4EBA\u3005\u306F\u305F\u3044\u3066\u3044\u3001\u9AD8\u6C34\u6E96\u306B\u307E\u3067\u7528\u91CF\u306F\u5897\u52A0\u305B\u305A\u3001\u85AC\u306E\u4E71\u7528\u3082\u306A\u3044\u3002\u5C11\u6570\u3067\u306F\u7528\u91CF\u304C\u9AD8\u6C34\u6E96\u306B\u307E\u3067\u5897\u52A0\u3057\u3066\u3044\u304D\u3001\u4E71\u7528\u3055\u308C\u304C\u3061\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u3069\u306E\u304F\u3089\u3044\u306E\u6570\u306E\u4EBA\u3005\u304C\u3001\u30D9\u30F3\u30BE\u30B8\u30A2\u30BC\u30D4\u30F3\u3092\u9055\u6CD5\u306B\u4E71\u7528\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308B\u304B\u306B\u3064\u3044\u3066\u6B63\u78BA\u306A\u3053\u3068\u306F\u5B9A\u304B\u3067\u306F\u306A\u3044\u3002\u6297\u3066\u3093\u304B\u3093\u3001\u50AC\u7720\u3001\u7B4B\u5F1B\u7DE9\u4F5C\u7528\u3078\u306E\u8010\u6027\u306F\u6570\u65E5\u304B\u3089\u6570\u9031\u9593\u4EE5\u5185\u306B\u5F62\u6210\u3055\u308C\u30014\u30F6\u6708\u5F8C\u306B\u3082\u30D9\u30F3\u30BE\u30B8\u30A2\u30BC\u30D4\u30F3\u306E\u6297\u4E0D\u5B89\u306E\u7279\u6027\u304C\u4FDD\u305F\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793A\u3059\u8A3C\u62E0\u306F\u307B\u3068\u3093\u3069\u306A\u3044\u3002\u3057\u304B\u3057\u4E00\u90E8\u306E\u7814\u7A76\u8005\u306F\u3053\u308C\u306B\u53CD\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6297\u4E0D\u5B89\u306E\u7279\u6027\u304C\u4FDD\u305F\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002\u4F9D\u5B58\u306E\u7D50\u679C\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306E\u30D9\u30F3\u30BE\u30B8\u30A2\u30BC\u30D4\u30F3\u306E\u9577\u671F\u7684\u5F71\u97FF\u306B\u3088\u308A\u3001\u5F53\u521D\u306E\u554F\u984C\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305F\u75C7\u72B6\u304C\u60AA\u5316\u3059\u308B\u53EF\u80FD\u6027\u3059\u3089\u3042\u308B\u3002\u65E5\u672C\u306E\u591A\u5264\u5927\u91CF\u51E6\u65B9\u306B\u304A\u3044\u3066\u306F\u3001\u975E\u5E38\u306B\u9AD8\u7528\u91CF\u3068\u306A\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308B\u5834\u5408\u304C\u3042\u308B\u3002\u9577\u671F\u9593\u306E\u30D9\u30F3\u30BE\u30B8\u30A2\u30BC\u30D4\u30F3\u306E\u6295\u85AC\u306F\u3001\u591A\u5C11\u306E\u81E8\u5E8A\u6761\u4EF6\u306B\u304A\u3044\u3066\u306F\u5FC5\u8981\u306A\u307E\u307E\u3067\u3082\u3044\u3044\u53EF\u80FD\u6027\u304C\u3042\u308B\u3002 2002\u5E74\u4EE5\u6765\u3001\u30D9\u30F3\u30BE\u30B8\u30A2\u30BC\u30D4\u30F3\u306E\u8AA4\u7528\u3068\u4F9D\u5B58\u304C\u61F8\u5FF5\u3055\u308C\u3066\u304D\u305F\u3002\u7C73\u56FD\u306E\u7269\u8CEA\u4E71\u7528\u6CBB\u7642\u65BD\u8A2D\u306B\u304A\u3051\u308B\u60A3\u8005\u306E\u7279\u5FB4\u306E\u5E74\u6B21\u7DE8\u96C6\u7269\u3067\u3042\u308B\u7C73\u56FD\u306E\u6CBB\u7642\u30A8\u30D4\u30BD\u30FC\u30C9\u30C7\u30FC\u30BF\u96C6\uFF08Treatment Episode Data Set, TEDS\uFF09\u306E\u8ABF\u67FB\u7D50\u679C\u306B\u57FA\u3065\u304F\u3068\u3001\u4E3B\u306A\u7CBE\u795E\u5B89\u5B9A\u5264\uFF08primary tranquilizer\u3001\u30D9\u30F3\u30BE\u30B8\u30A2\u30BC\u30D4\u30F3\u3060\u3051\u306B\u9650\u3089\u308C\u3066\u306A\u3044)\u306E\u4F7F\u7528\u306B\u3088\u308B\u5165\u9662\u304C\u30011992\u5E74\u304B\u30892002\u5E74\u306E\u9593\u306B79%\u5897\u52A0\u3057\u305F\u3002\u305D\u308C\u3086\u3048\u3001\u7C73\u56FD\u85AC\u7269\u4E71\u7528\u8B66\u544A\u30CD\u30C3\u30C8\u30EF\u30FC\u30AF(Drug Abuse Warning Network)\u3068TEDS\u306E\u7D71\u8A08\u306F\u3001\u3053\u308C\u3089\u306E\u93AE\u9759\u50AC\u7720\u5264\u306E\u8AA4\u7528\u304C\u4E0A\u6607\u50BE\u5411\u3067\u3001\u61F8\u5FF5\u306E\u539F\u56E0\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3053\u3068\u3092\u660E\u78BA\u306B\u8A3C\u660E\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002 \u30D9\u30F3\u30BE\u30B8\u30A2\u30BC\u30D4\u30F3\u306E\u51E6\u65B9\u6570\u306F\u3001\u4E3B\u306B\u4F9D\u5B58\u306E\u61F8\u5FF5\u304B\u3089\u6E1B\u5C11\u3057\u3066\u304D\u305F\u3002\u77ED\u671F\u7684\u306B\u306F\u3001\u30D9\u30F3\u30BE\u30B8\u30A2\u30BC\u30D4\u30F3\u306F\u6025\u6027\u306E\u4E0D\u5B89\u3084\u4E0D\u7720\u306E\u305F\u3081\u306E\u6709\u52B9\u306A\u85AC\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u9577\u671F\u9593\u306E\u4F7F\u7528\u3067\u306F\u3001\u4ED6\u306E\u6CBB\u7642\u3001\u85AC\u7269\u7642\u6CD5\u3068\u7CBE\u795E\u7642\u6CD5\u306E\u4E21\u65B9\u304C\u3001\u66F4\u306B\u52B9\u679C\u7684\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u9577\u671F\u7684\u306B\u306F\u4ED6\u306E\u6CBB\u7642\u6CD5\u306E\u307B\u3046\u304C\u6709\u52B9\u6027\u304C\u9AD8\u304F\u3001\u307E\u305F\u30D9\u30F3\u30BE\u30B8\u30A2\u30BC\u30D4\u30F3\u3078\u306E\u8010\u6027\u304C\u85AC\u7406\u5B66\u7684\u306B\u5F62\u6210\u3055\u308C\u308B\u305F\u3081\u3067\u3082\u3042\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . . . "813255"^^ . . . . "813255"@en . . . . . . . . . . . "Benzodiazepine dependence"@en . . . . . . . . "Dependencia de las benzodiazepinas"@es . . . . . . . . . . "985993789"^^ . . . . "" . "Dipendenza da benzodiazepine"@it . . . "La dependencia de las benzodiazepinas o la adicci\u00F3n a las benzodiazepinas es una condici\u00F3n en la cual una persona es dependiente de un medicamento benzodiazepinico. La dependencia puede ser tanto psicol\u00F3gica como f\u00EDsica o una combinaci\u00F3n de ambas. La dependencia f\u00EDsica sucede cuando una persona desarrolla tolerancia a las benzodiazepinas y como resultado de la tolerancia fisiol\u00F3gica y de los s\u00EDntomas de abstinencia desarrolla una dependencia f\u00EDsica, que se puede manifestar durante una reducci\u00F3n de la dosis o una suspensi\u00F3n del consumo como un s\u00EDndrome de abstinencia de las benzodiazepinas. La adicci\u00F3n, o lo que es a veces llamado dependencia psicol\u00F3gica, incluye el abuso y la necesidad imperiosa de consumir la droga no para aliviar los s\u00EDntomas de la abstinencia, sino para experimentar sus"@es . . "Benzodiazepine addiction"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u82EF\u4E8C\u6C2E\u44EC\u7C7B\u836F\u7269\u7684\u4F9D\u8D56\u6027\u6216\u82EF\u4E8C\u6C2E\u44EC\u7C7B\u836F\u7269\u6210\u763E\u6307\u7684\u662F\u5F53\u4E00\u4E2A\u4EBA\u8868\u73B0\u51FA\u4EE5\u4E0B\u75C7\u72B6\u4E2D\u4E00\u4E2A\u6216\u591A\u4E2A\uFF1A\u8010\u836F\u6027\uFF0C\u6212\u65AD\u75C7\u72B6\uFF0C\u5BFB\u6C42\u836F\u7269\u4F7F\u7528\u884C\u4E3A\uFF08\u4F8B\u5982\u4E0D\u987E\u6709\u5BB3\u540E\u679C\u6301\u7EED\u4F7F\u7528\uFF09\uFF0C\u548C\u9002\u5E94\u836F\u7269\u4F7F\u7528\u7684\u4E0D\u826F\u6A21\u5F0F\u3002\u5728\u82EF\u4E8C\u6C2E\u44EC\u7C7B\u836F\u7269\u4F9D\u8D56\u4E2D\uFF0C\u7EE7\u7EED\u4F7F\u7528\u8BE5\u7C7B\u836F\u7269\u4F3C\u4E4E\u662F\u4E3A\u4E86\u907F\u514D\u4EE4\u4EBA\u4E0D\u5FEB\u7684\u6212\u65AD\u53CD\u5E94\uFF0C\u800C\u4E0D\u662F\u4E3A\u4E86\u836F\u7269\u7684\u79EF\u6781\u6548\u679C\u3002 \u82EF\u4E8C\u6C2E\u44EC\u7C7B\u836F\u7269\u5982\u679C\u957F\u671F\u4F7F\u7528\uFF0C\u5373\u4FBF\u4EE5\u8F83\u4F4E\u7684\u6CBB\u7597\u5242\u91CF\uFF0C\u4ECD\u7136\u4F1A\u4EA7\u751F\u4F9D\u8D56\u3002"@zh . . . . . . . . . "20767273"^^ . . . . . . "Benzodiazepine dependence is when one has developed one or more of either tolerance, withdrawal symptoms, drug seeking behaviors, such as continued use despite harmful effects, and maladaptive pattern of substance use, according to the DSM-IV. In the case of benzodiazepine dependence, however, the continued use seems to be associated with the avoidance of unpleasant withdrawal reaction rather than from the pleasurable effects of the drug. Benzodiazepine dependence develops with long-term use, even at low therapeutic doses, without the described dependence behavior."@en . "Psychische und Verhaltensst\u00F6rungen durch Sedativa oder Hypnotika"@de . . . . . . . "La dipendenza da benzodiazepine o disturbo da uso di benzodiazepine, definito anche uso improprio o abuso, \u00E8 l'uso di benzodiazepine senza prescrizione medica, spesso per scopi ricreativi, che pone rischi di dipendenza, sindrome da astinenza e altri effetti a lungo termine. Le benzodiazepine sono i farmaci da prescrizione pi\u00F9 comuni utilizzate in ambito ricreazionale: quando vengono utilizzate per scopo ricreativo sono generalmente assunte per via orale, ma a volte anche intranasale o endovenosa. L'uso ricreativo produce effetti simili a intossicazione da alcol. Le benzodiazepine sono state usate sia per via orale, che per via endovenosa. Diverse benzodiazepine hanno differenti potenziali abusi: pi\u00F9 rapido \u00E8 l'aumento del livello plasmatico dopo l'ingestione, maggiore \u00E8 l'effetto inebriante. La velocit\u00E0 di insorgenza d'azione di una particolare benzodiazepina correla bene con la 'popolarit\u00E0' di quella sostanza di abuso. Gli utilizzatori illeciti di benzodiazepine sono soliti prendere dosi pi\u00F9 elevate di metadone, oltre a mostrare pi\u00F9 comportamenti a rischio per l'HIV e l'HCV , un maggiore \"policonsumo\" di farmaci, livelli pi\u00F9 elevati di psicopatologia e di malessere sociale. Tuttavia, lo studio limitato sugli effetti collaterali nei tossicodipendenti ha necessit\u00E0 di ulteriori ricerche per dimostrare se questo sia il risultato o la causa degli effetti."@it . . "Bztox"@en . . . . . . "304.1" . . "" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "29548" . . . "3578"^^ . . . . . . . . "Psychische und Verhaltensst\u00F6rungen durch Sedativa oder Hypnotika sind eine Gruppe vonAbh\u00E4ngigkeitserkrankungen aufgrund wiederholter Einnahme von Sedativa oder Hypnotika. Schlafst\u00F6rungen sind meist die Ursache f\u00FCr die Verordnung von Hypnotika, bei Sedativa ist eine Beruhigung tags\u00FCber das Ziel. Missbrauch von illegal beschafften, rezeptpflichtigen Medikamenten wird in Deutschland bislang \u00FCberwiegend bei Konsumenten illegaler Rauschdrogen beobachtet. Insgesamt ist davon auszugehen, dass auch bei Aufnahme in eine station\u00E4re Behandlung Missbrauch oder Abh\u00E4ngigkeit von Medikamenten oft hinter der einweisungsveranlassenden gesundheitlichen Krise verborgen bleibt und nicht oder erst zu einem sp\u00E4teren Zeitpunkt entdeckt wird. Ein Abh\u00E4ngigkeitssyndrom ist durch ein Vorhandensein mindestens dreier der folgenden Punkte definiert: \n* Ein starker Wunsch oder eine Art Zwang, psychotrope Substanzen zu konsumieren. \n* Verminderte Kontrollf\u00E4higkeit bez\u00FCglich des Beginns, der Beendigung und der Menge des Konsums. \n* Ein k\u00F6rperliches Entzugssyndrom bei Beendigung oder Reduktion des Konsums, nachgewiesen durch substanzspezifische Entzugssymptome oder durch die Aufnahme der gleichen oder einer nahe verwandten Substanz, um Entzugssymptome zu mildern oder zu vermeiden. \n* Nachweis einer Toleranz. Um die urspr\u00FCnglich durch niedrigere Dosen erreichten Wirkungen der psychotropen Substanz hervorzurufen, sind zunehmend h\u00F6here Dosierungen erforderlich. \n* Fortschreitende Vernachl\u00E4ssigung anderer Vergn\u00FCgen oder Interessen zugunsten des Substanzkonsums, erh\u00F6hter Zeitaufwand, um die Substanz zu beschaffen, zu konsumieren oder sich von den Folgen zu erholen. \n* Anhaltender Substanzkonsum trotz des Nachweises eindeutiger sch\u00E4dlicher Folgen, wie z. B. Lebersch\u00E4digung durch exzessives Trinken, depressive Verstimmungen infolge starken Substanzkonsums oder drogenbedingte Verschlechterung kognitiver Funktionen. Es sollte dabei festgestellt werden, dass der Konsument sich tats\u00E4chlich \u00FCber Art und Ausma\u00DF der sch\u00E4dlichen Folgen im Klaren war oder dass zumindestdavon auszugehen ist. Der regelm\u00E4\u00DFige Gebrauch von Beruhigungsmitteln und Schlaftabletten schafft viele Probleme. Der Konsum von Hypnotika und Sedativa f\u00FChrt auf die Dauer zur Abh\u00E4ngigkeit. Mit dem Gedanken, man brauche das Mittel, nehmen Patienten eine derartige Droge also weiter ein \u2013 statt mit der Vorstellung, m\u00F6glicherweise davon abh\u00E4ngig zu sein. Schlaf- und Beruhigungsmittel wirken lediglich gegen die Symptome, nicht gegen die Ursachen der Beschwerden."@de . . . . "Benzodiazepine dependence"@en . . . . "\u30D9\u30F3\u30BE\u30B8\u30A2\u30BC\u30D4\u30F3\u4F9D\u5B58\u75C7"@ja . "" . "" . . "F13.2" . . . .