. . . . "Peperangan Berang-Berang"@in . . . . "The Beaver Wars (Mohawk: Tsian\u00EC kayonkwere), also known as the Iroquois Wars or the French and Iroquois Wars (French: Guerres franco-iroquoises) were a series of conflicts fought intermittently during the 17th century in North America throughout the Saint Lawrence River valley in Canada and the lower Great Lakes region which pitted the Iroquois against the Hurons, northern Algonquians and their French allies. As a result of this conflict, the Iroquois destroyed several confederacies and tribes through warfare: the Hurons or Wendat, Erie, Neutral, Wenro, Tionontate, Susquehannock, Mahican and northern Algonquins whom they defeated and dispersed, some fleeing to neighboring peoples and others assimilated, routed, or killed."@en . . . . . "* Growth of French influence in theGreat Lakes region" . . "Les guerres franco-iroquoises sont une s\u00E9rie de guerres entre la Nouvelle-France et l'Iroquoisie. Elles ont connu un paroxysme \u00E0 la fin des ann\u00E9es 1680, mais ont d\u00E9but\u00E9 bien avant. Les Iroquois sont historiquement proches de leurs partenaires commerciaux de la Nouvelle-N\u00E9erlande, n\u00E9erlandais jusqu'en 1666, puis anglais. Ces derniers entraient en guerre contre la France \u00E0 partir de 1689. Lorsque les Fran\u00E7ais arrivent, les Iroquois sont organis\u00E9s en Conf\u00E9d\u00E9ration des Cinq-Nations : les tribus des Agniers (Mohawks), \u00E9tablis \u00E0 l'Ouest de l'actuelle New York, celle des Onneyouts (Oneida), des Onontagu\u00E9s (Onondaga), des Goyogouins (Cayugas) et enfin celle des Tsonnontouans (Senecas). Les guerres franco-iroquoises ont eu des motifs principalement commerciaux, les Iroquois se battant contre les Hurons et les implantations fran\u00E7aises de la vall\u00E9e du Saint-Laurent afin de contr\u00F4ler le commerce des fourrures en provenance de Nouvelle-France et des colonies hollandaises, qui deviennent anglaises apr\u00E8s leur cession. D'ailleurs ces guerres sont appel\u00E9es \u00AB Guerres du Castor \u00BB (\u00AB Beaver Wars \u00BB) par les historiens anglophones modernes."@fr . . . . . . . . "Guerre dei castori"@it . . . . "Unknown"@en . . "De Beveroorlogen of Beaver Wars (niet te verwarren met de Beveroorlog die Pontiac tussen 1763 en 1766 tegen de Britten voerde) is de naam gegeven aan vele gewelddadige aanvallen die de Noord-Amerikaanse Iroquois-federatie (Haudenosaunee) vanaf 1640 deed op onder andere de Wendat-indianen en de Fransen. Door deze aanvallen probeerden de Haudenosaunee, aanvankelijk handelspartners van de Hollanders, de bonthandel tussen de verschillende inheemse volkeren rondom de Grote Meren en de Fransen en Engelsen te monopoliseren. Deze brute gebiedsuitbreiding, die werd aangevoerd door de dominante Kanien\u2019kehaka (Mohawk), leidde tot enorme slachtpartijen onder (vooral) Algonkisch sprekende volken, en cre\u00EBerde een kloof tussen enerzijds de Haudenosaunee en anderzijds (grotendeels Algonkisch sprekende) vo"@nl . . . . . . "*Abenaki" . . "The Beaver Wars (Mohawk: Tsian\u00EC kayonkwere), also known as the Iroquois Wars or the French and Iroquois Wars (French: Guerres franco-iroquoises) were a series of conflicts fought intermittently during the 17th century in North America throughout the Saint Lawrence River valley in Canada and the lower Great Lakes region which pitted the Iroquois against the Hurons, northern Algonquians and their French allies. As a result of this conflict, the Iroquois destroyed several confederacies and tribes through warfare: the Hurons or Wendat, Erie, Neutral, Wenro, Tionontate, Susquehannock, Mahican and northern Algonquins whom they defeated and dispersed, some fleeing to neighboring peoples and others assimilated, routed, or killed. The Iroquois sought to expand their territory and to monopolize the fur trade with European markets. They originally were a confederacy of the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, and Seneca tribes inhabiting the lands in what is now Upstate New York along the shores of Lake Ontario east to Lake Champlain and Lake George on the Hudson river, and the lower-estuary of the Saint Lawrence River. The Iroquois Confederation led by the Mohawks mobilized against the largely Algonquian-speaking tribes and Iroquoian-speaking Huron and related tribes of the Great Lakes region. The Iroquois were supplied with arms by their Dutch and English trading partners; the Algonquians and Hurons were backed by the French, their chief trading partner. The Iroquois effectively destroyed several large tribal confederacies, including the Mohicans, Huron (Wyandot), Neutral, Erie, Susquehannock (Conestoga), and northern Algonquins, with the extreme brutality and exterminatory nature of the mode of warfare practised by the Iroquois causing some historians to label these wars as acts of genocide committed by the Iroquois Confederacy. They became dominant in the region and enlarged their territory, realigning the American tribal geography. The Iroquois gained control of the New England frontier and Ohio River valley lands as hunting ground from about 1670 onward. Both Algonquian and Iroquoian societies were greatly disrupted by these wars. The conflict subsided when the Iroquois lost their Dutch allies in the colony of New Netherland after the English took it over in 1664, along with Fort Amsterdam and the town of New Amsterdam on the island of Manhattan. The French then attempted to gain the Iroquois as an ally against the English, but the Iroquois refused to break their alliance, and frequently fought against the French in the 18th-century. The Anglo-Iroquois alliance would reach its zenith during the French and Indian War of 1754, which saw the French being largely expelled from North America. The wars and subsequent commercial trapping of beavers was devastating to the local beaver population. Trapping continued to spread across North America, extirpating or severely reducing populations across the continent. The natural ecosystems that came to rely on the beavers for dams, water and other vital needs were also devastated leading to ecological destruction, environmental change, and drought in certain areas. Beaver populations in North America would take centuries to recover in some areas, while others would never recover."@en . . . . . . "\uBE44\uBC84 \uC804\uC7C1(Beaver Wars), \uD504\uB791\uC2A4\uC640 \uC774\uB85C\uCFFC\uC774\uC871\uC758 \uC804\uC7C1(French and Iroquois Wars), \uC774\uB85C\uCFFC\uC774\uC871 \uC804\uC7C1(Iroquois Wars)\uC740 17\uC138\uAE30 \uC911\uBC18\uC5D0 \uBD81\uC544\uBA54\uB9AC\uCE74 \uB3D9\uBD80\uC5D0\uC11C \uC2F8\uC6B4 \uC77C\uB828\uC758 \uC794\uC778\uD55C \uC804\uD22C\uB97C \uAC00\uB9AC\uD0A4\uB294 \uB9D0\uC774\uB2E4. \uC774\uB85C\uCFFC\uC774\uC871\uC740 \uBD80\uC871\uC758 \uC601\uD1A0\uB97C \uB113\uD790 \uAC83\uC744 \uC694\uAD6C\uD558\uC600\uC73C\uBA70 \uC720\uB7FD \uC2DC\uC7A5\uACFC \uC11C\uBD80\uC758 \uC624\uB300\uD638 \uC9C0\uBC29\uC758 \uBD80\uC871\uB4E4\uB07C\uB9AC \uBAA8\uD53C\uB97C \uBE44\uB86F\uD55C \uBB34\uC5ED\uC744 \uB3C5\uC810\uD558\uB824\uACE0 \uD558\uC600\uB2E4. \uC774 \uBD84\uC7C1\uC73C\uB85C \uC778\uD574 \uC774\uB85C\uCFFC\uC774 \uC5F0\uBC29\uC758 \uBBFC\uC871\uB07C\uB9AC \uC2F8\uC6C0\uC774 \uC77C\uC790 \uC624\uB300\uD638 \uC9C0\uC5ED\uC5D0\uC11C \uC54C\uACE4\uD0A8\uC5B4\uB85C \uB300\uD654\uD558\uB294 \uBD80\uC871 \uB300\uBD80\uBD84\uC744 \uBAA8\uD638\uD06C\uC871\uC774 \uC9C0\uBC30\uD558\uAC8C \uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uC54C\uACE4\uD0A8\uACFC \uC774\uB85C\uCFFC\uC774 \uC0AC\uD68C\uB294 \uC774 \uC804\uC7C1\uC73C\uB85C \uD070 \uD63C\uB780 \uC0C1\uD0DC\uC5D0 \uBE60\uC84C\uB2E4. \uC774 \uBD84\uC7C1\uC73C\uB85C \uB274 \uB124\uB35C\uB780\uB4DC \uC2DD\uBBFC\uC9C0\uC758 \uB124\uB35C\uB780\uB4DC \uC0AC\uB78C\uACFC \uC774\uB85C\uCFFC\uC774\uC871 \uC0AC\uC774\uC758 \uB3D9\uB9F9\uC774 \uAE68\uC9C0\uBA74\uC11C \uC601\uAD6D\uC758 \uCE68\uC785\uC5D0 \uB300\uD56D\uD558\uC5EC \uD504\uB791\uC2A4\uAC00 \uC774\uB85C\uCFFC\uC774\uC871\uACFC\uC758 \uB3D9\uB9F9\uC744 \uC694\uAD6C\uD558\uB294 \uC0AC\uD0DC\uAC00 \uBC8C\uC5B4\uC84C\uB2E4. \uB05D\uB0B4 \uC774\uB85C\uCFFC\uC774\uC871\uC774 \uC601\uAD6D\uC758 \uAD50\uC5ED \uC0C1\uB300\uAC00 \uB418\uC5C8\uC73C\uBA70 \uB098\uC911\uC5D0 \uC601\uAD6D\uC758 \uD655\uC7A5\uC5D0 \uC911\uC694\uD55C \uB3C4\uC6C0\uC774 \uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4."@ko . "Las Guerras de los Castores, tambi\u00E9n conocidas como Guerras Iroquesas o Guerras franco-iroquesas, son la denominaci\u00F3n de una serie de conflictos librados en la segunda mitad del siglo XVII en el noroeste de Norteam\u00E9rica. Alentados y armados por sus socios comerciales ingleses y neerlandeses, los iroqueses intentaron expandir su territorio alrededor de la regi\u00F3n de los Grandes Lagos y monopolizar el comercio de pieles que suministraba dicho producto a los mercados de Europa. Durante los conflictos se enfrentar\u00EDan las tribus de la Confederaci\u00F3n iroquesa contra los colonos franceses y sus aliados, principalmente pueblos de habla algonquina. Las guerras fueron extremadamente sanguinarias y se consideran uno de los episodios m\u00E1s sangrientos de la historia de Am\u00E9rica del Norte.\u200B La ampliaci\u00F3n del territorio iroqu\u00E9s signific\u00F3 un reajuste en la geograf\u00EDa \u00E9tnica de Norteam\u00E9rica, destruyendo grandes confederaciones tribales como los hurones, neutrales, erie y conestoga, empujando a las tribus orientales al oeste del r\u00EDo Misisipi. El territorio del Ohio y la pen\u00EDnsula inferior de M\u00EDchigan fueron pr\u00E1cticamente despojados de sus pueblos originarios, que huyeron en calidad de refugiados al oeste. No mucho despu\u00E9s, dichas regiones fueron repobladas por los mismos pueblos, aunque en general como \"rep\u00FAblicas\" ind\u00EDgenas, en vez de homog\u00E9neas y discretas \"tribus\". Las sociedades algonquinas e iroquesas se vieron profundamente afectadas por estos enfrentamientos. El conflicto disminuy\u00F3 su intensidad cuando los iroqueses perdieron a sus aliados neerlandeses en la colonia de los Nuevos Pa\u00EDses Bajos, y con el creciente deseo franc\u00E9s de tener a los iroqueses como aliados contra la invasi\u00F3n inglesa. Posteriormente, los iroqueses se convertir\u00EDan en socios comerciales de los brit\u00E1nicos, convirti\u00E9ndose en un componente crucial de su ulterior expansi\u00F3n utilizando las conquistas iroquesas como una pretensi\u00F3n sobre el Viejo Noroeste."@es . . "Beveroorlogen"@nl . . . . . . . . "Unknown" . . "~4,500"@en . . "Guerras dos Castores"@pt . . . . . . . . . . "1122816733"^^ . . "~20,000"@en . "Guerras de los Castores"@es . . . "the American Indian Wars"@en . . . "*Ojibwe" . . "Las Guerras de los Castores, tambi\u00E9n conocidas como Guerras Iroquesas o Guerras franco-iroquesas, son la denominaci\u00F3n de una serie de conflictos librados en la segunda mitad del siglo XVII en el noroeste de Norteam\u00E9rica. Alentados y armados por sus socios comerciales ingleses y neerlandeses, los iroqueses intentaron expandir su territorio alrededor de la regi\u00F3n de los Grandes Lagos y monopolizar el comercio de pieles que suministraba dicho producto a los mercados de Europa. Durante los conflictos se enfrentar\u00EDan las tribus de la Confederaci\u00F3n iroquesa contra los colonos franceses y sus aliados, principalmente pueblos de habla algonquina."@es . . "--10-20"^^ . . . "Bob\u0159\u00ED v\u00E1lky (anglicky Beaver Wars), t\u00E9\u017E zn\u00E1m\u00E9 jako irok\u00E9zsk\u00E9 v\u00E1lky nebo v\u00E1lky francouzsko-irok\u00E9zsk\u00E9, byly s\u00E9riemi konflikt\u016F, kter\u00E9 se odehr\u00E1ly v letech 1609\u20131701 na severov\u00FDchod\u011B Severn\u00ED Ameriky. Irok\u00E9zov\u00E9, vyzbrojeni jejich obchodn\u00EDmi partnery Nizozemci a Angli\u010Dany, napadali sousedn\u00ED kmeny. Jedn\u00EDm z d\u016Fvod\u016F mohla b\u00FDt snaha ovl\u00E1dnout obchod s ko\u017Ee\u0161inami (p\u0159edev\u0161\u00EDm bob\u0159\u00EDmi) a t\u00EDm ovliv\u0148ovat vztahy mezi Evropany a jin\u00FDmi kmeny z oblasti Velk\u00FDch jezer. Konflikty byly vedeny p\u0159edev\u0161\u00EDm proti kmen\u016Fm z oblasti Velk\u00FDch jezer, zvl\u00E1\u0161t\u011B proti irok\u00E9zsky hovo\u0159\u00EDc\u00EDm Huron\u016Fm, , , a a d\u00E1le proti algonkinsk\u00FDm kmen\u016Fm jako nap\u0159\u00EDklad Algonkin\u016Fm, Mohyk\u00E1n\u016Fm, Ottaw\u016Fm, , , Od\u017Eibvej\u016Fm a dal\u0161\u00EDm. Jeliko\u017E v\u011Bt\u0161ina t\u011Bchto kmen\u016F byla spojenci Francouz\u016F, dostali se Irok\u00E9zov\u00E9 do konfliktu rovn\u011B\u017E s Novou Franci\u00ED. V boj\u00EDch m\u011Bli nejprve m\u00EDrnou p\u0159evahu indi\u00E1n\u0161t\u00ED spojenci Francouz\u016F, ale mezi lety 1648\u20131656 zasadili bojovn\u00EDci Irok\u00E9z\u016F sv\u00FDm nep\u0159\u00E1tel\u016Fm n\u011Bkolik zni\u010Duj\u00EDc\u00EDch \u00FAder\u016F, po nich\u017E na\u010Das zcela ovl\u00E1dli v\u00FDchodn\u00ED oblast Velk\u00FDch jezer. Koncem 17. stolet\u00ED ale z\u00EDskala Nov\u00E1 Francie a jej\u00ED indi\u00E1n\u0161t\u00ED spojenci vojenskou p\u0159evahu. Irok\u00E9zov\u00E9 v roce 1701 smluvn\u011B uznali svou neutralitu. S jezern\u00EDmi kmeny a Francouzi od t\u00E9 doby a\u017E do sedmilet\u00E9 v\u00E1lky t\u00E9m\u011B\u0159 nebojovali a zam\u011B\u0159ili se na nep\u0159\u00E1tele na jihu (Catawbov\u00E9). V\u00E1lky byly velmi brut\u00E1ln\u00ED a pat\u0159\u00ED k nejkrvav\u011Bj\u0161\u00EDm konflikt\u016Fm v cel\u00E9 historii Severn\u00ED Ameriky. Bylo zni\u010Deno \u010Di rozpr\u00E1\u0161eno n\u011Bkolik rozs\u00E1hl\u00FDch kmenov\u00FDch svaz\u016F (Wenrov\u00E9, Huroni, Petuni, Neutr\u00E1lov\u00E9, Eriov\u00E9, Susquehannockov\u00E9). N\u011Bkter\u00E9 kmeny z v\u00FDchodu byly donuceny st\u011Bhovat se na z\u00E1pad k \u0159ece Mississippi nebo migrovat v oblasti Velk\u00FDch jezer \u010Di se p\u0159esunout pod ochranu Francouz\u016F. Jin\u00E9 kmeny se staly spojenci Irok\u00E9z\u016F (Mohyk\u00E1ni). Irok\u00E9zov\u00E9 mezi sebe adoptovali velk\u00E9 mno\u017Estv\u00ED Huron\u016F a p\u0159\u00EDslu\u0161n\u00EDk\u016F jin\u00FDch etnik, nicm\u00E9n\u011B sv\u00E9 po\u010D\u00E1te\u010Dn\u00ED vojensk\u00E9 \u00FAsp\u011Bchy nepotvrdili skute\u010Dnou \u00FAzemn\u00ED expanz\u00ED (st\u00E1le z\u016Fstali usazeni ji\u017En\u011B a v\u00FDchodn\u011B od Ontarijsk\u00E9ho jezera). Irok\u00E9zsk\u00E1 i algonkinsk\u00E1 spole\u010Dnost byla t\u011Bmito konflikty zna\u010Dn\u011B naru\u0161ena v d\u016Fsledku etnick\u00E9ho prom\u00EDch\u00E1n\u00ED a v\u0161udyp\u0159\u00EDtomn\u00E9 hrozby v\u00E1lky. Pot\u00E9, co se Irok\u00E9zov\u00E9 stali obchodn\u00EDmi partnery Angli\u010Dan\u016F v obchodu s ko\u017Ee\u0161inami, jejich aliance byla d\u016Fle\u017Eit\u00FDm prvkem pro dal\u0161\u00ED \u00FAsp\u011B\u0161nou expanzi Angli\u010Dan\u016F. Ti vyu\u017Eili irok\u00E9zsk\u00FDch v\u00FDboj\u016F jako po\u017Eadavk\u016F pro svou dal\u0161\u00ED expanzi na z\u00E1pad a severoz\u00E1pad."@cs . "Le guerre dei castori, note anche come guerre irochesi o guerre franco-irochesi, furono una serie di conflitti combattuti a met\u00E0 del XVII secolo in America nord-orientale. Incoraggiati e armati da inglesi e olandesi coi quali intrattenevano rapporti commerciali, gli Irochesi cercarono di espandere il proprio territorio e monopolizzare il tra i mercati europei e le trib\u00F9 della regione dei Grandi Laghi. Il conflitto contrappose le trib\u00F9 della confederazione irochese guidate dai Mohawk ai popoli di lingua algonchina sostenuti dai francesi e stanziati nella regione dei Grandi Laghi."@it . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u30D3\u30FC\u30D0\u30FC\u6226\u4E89\uFF08\u30D3\u30FC\u30D0\u30FC\u305B\u3093\u305D\u3046\u3001\u82F1\u8A9E: Beaver Wars\uFF09\u3001\u307E\u305F\u306F\u30D5\u30E9\u30F3\u30B9\u30FB\u30A4\u30ED\u30B3\u30A4\u65CF\u6226\u4E89\uFF08French and Iroquois Wars\uFF09\u3001\u30A4\u30ED\u30B3\u30A4\u65CF\u6226\u4E89\uFF08Iroquois Wars\uFF09\u306F\u300117\u4E16\u7D00\u534A\u3070\u306B\u5317\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u6771\u90E8\u3067\u6226\u308F\u308C\u305F\u3001\u30A4\u30F3\u30C7\u30A3\u30A2\u30F3\u90E8\u65CF\u3068\u30D5\u30E9\u30F3\u30B9\u690D\u6C11\u5730\u8ECD\u3068\u306E\u4E00\u9023\u306E\u300C\u30A4\u30F3\u30C7\u30A3\u30A2\u30F3\u6226\u4E89\u300D\u306E\u7DCF\u79F0\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . "*Erie" . . . . . "*Mohawks" . . . . . "Les guerres franco-iroquoises sont une s\u00E9rie de guerres entre la Nouvelle-France et l'Iroquoisie. Elles ont connu un paroxysme \u00E0 la fin des ann\u00E9es 1680, mais ont d\u00E9but\u00E9 bien avant. Les Iroquois sont historiquement proches de leurs partenaires commerciaux de la Nouvelle-N\u00E9erlande, n\u00E9erlandais jusqu'en 1666, puis anglais. Ces derniers entraient en guerre contre la France \u00E0 partir de 1689. D'ailleurs ces guerres sont appel\u00E9es \u00AB Guerres du Castor \u00BB (\u00AB Beaver Wars \u00BB) par les historiens anglophones modernes."@fr . . "Wojny bobrowe \u2013 seria potyczek zbrojnych, jakie mia\u0142y miejsce pomi\u0119dzy rokiem 1641, a 1701 w P\u00F3\u0142nocnej Ameryce, kt\u00F3re toczy\u0142y si\u0119 pomi\u0119dzy Irokezami, a Francuzami z Nowej Francji oraz z ich india\u0144skimi sprzymierze\u0144cami. W wojnach bobrowych stron\u0105 atakuj\u0105c\u0105 byli Irokezi, cho\u0107 Francuzi w ostatniej jej fazie pr\u00F3bowali przej\u0105\u0107 inicjatyw\u0119, podejmuj\u0105c kilka ekspedycji na terytoria Irokez\u00F3w."@pl . . "Guerres franco-iroquoises"@fr . "Le guerre dei castori, note anche come guerre irochesi o guerre franco-irochesi, furono una serie di conflitti combattuti a met\u00E0 del XVII secolo in America nord-orientale. Incoraggiati e armati da inglesi e olandesi coi quali intrattenevano rapporti commerciali, gli Irochesi cercarono di espandere il proprio territorio e monopolizzare il tra i mercati europei e le trib\u00F9 della regione dei Grandi Laghi. Il conflitto contrappose le trib\u00F9 della confederazione irochese guidate dai Mohawk ai popoli di lingua algonchina sostenuti dai francesi e stanziati nella regione dei Grandi Laghi. Le guerre furono brutali, e sono considerate tra le pi\u00F9 sanguinose nella storia degli Stati Uniti d'America. Con il successo irochese e l'espansione del loro territorio, ci fu un riallineamento della geografica nordamericana, e furono cancellate numerose confederazioni native americane, comprese quelle di Uroni, , Eriez, e Shawnee. Altre trib\u00F9 furono spinte a ovest del Mississippi o a sud in Carolina. Gli Irochesi controllarono anche la valle dell'Ohio come territorio di caccia a partire dal 1670 circa, come si pu\u00F2 dedurre dai racconti contemporanei dei francesi gesuiti. Ohio e parte del Michigan furono quasi svuotati di nativi americani, i quali fuggirono a ovest in fuga dalla guerra. Buona parte di questa regione fu in seguito ripopolata dai nativi soggetti alle Sei Nazioni. Algonchini e Irochesi furono gravemente colpiti da queste guerre. Il conflitto port\u00F2 alla perdita da parte degli Irochesi degli alleati olandesi dei Nuovi Paesi Bassi, e alla crescita degli interessi francesi che cercavano un'alleanza con gli Irochesi contro gli inglesi. La successiva alleanza anglo-irochese fu la chiave dell'espansione britannica nella regione, in quanto i britannici utilizzarono le conquiste Irochesi come pretesto per annettersi il territorio del nord-ovest."@it . 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"Die Biberkriege, auch Franzosen- und Irokesenkriege genannt, waren eine ununterbrochene Folge von Konflikten, die zwischen 1640 und 1701 im \u00F6stlichen Nordamerika zwischen der Konf\u00F6deration der Irokesen und ihren mit Frankreich verb\u00FCndeten Nachbarst\u00E4mmen ausgetragen wurden. Die Auseinandersetzungen unter den St\u00E4mmen wurden schon fr\u00FCher ausgetragen, aber 1609 war zum ersten Mal ein Europ\u00E4er, Samuel de Champlain, beteiligt. Die Irokesen versuchten, ihr Territorium auf das Gebiet der benachbarten St\u00E4mme, haupts\u00E4chlich Algonkin, auszudehnen, um so als Mittler im Fellhandel zwischen den Franzosen und den westlichen St\u00E4mmen auftreten zu k\u00F6nnen. Die Niederl\u00E4ndische Westindien-Kompanie war der Hauptabnehmer f\u00FCr die Biberpelze und gleichzeitig Waffenlieferant f\u00FCr die Irokesen."@de . . . . . . . . . "Biberkriege"@de . . . "*Neutral" . . . . . "Indecisive" . . . . . . . . . . "*Mahican" . . . . "*Algonquin" . . . . "As Guerras dos Castores (Mohawk: Tsian\u00EC kayonkwere), tamb\u00E9m conhecidas como as Guerras Iroquois ou as Guerras Franco-Iroquois (franc\u00EAs: Guerres franco-iroquoises), abrangem uma s\u00E9rie de conflitos travados intermitentemente durante o s\u00E9culo XVII na Am\u00E9rica do Norte ao longo do rio S\u00E3o Louren\u00E7o vale no Canad\u00E1 e na regi\u00E3o inferior dos Grandes Lagos, que colocou os iroqueses contra os hurons, os algonquinos do norte e seus aliados franceses. Como resultado deste conflito, os iroqueses destru\u00EDram v\u00E1rias confedera\u00E7\u00F5es e tribos atrav\u00E9s da guerra: os Hurons ou Wendat, Erie, Neutro, Wenro, Tionontate, Susquehannock, Mahican e Algonquinos do norte que derrotaram e dispersaram, alguns fugindo para povos vizinhos e outros assimilados, derrotados ou mortos. Os iroqueses procuravam expandir seu territ\u00F3rio e monopolizar o com\u00E9rcio de peles com os mercados europeus. Eles originalmente eram uma confedera\u00E7\u00E3o das tribos Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga e Seneca que habitavam as terras no que hoje \u00E9 o norte do estado de Nova York, ao longo das margens do Lago Ont\u00E1rio, a leste do Lago Champlain e do Lago George, no rio Hudson, e a parte baixa estu\u00E1rio do rio S\u00E3o Louren\u00E7o. A Confedera\u00E7\u00E3o Iroquois liderada pelos Mohawks mobilizou-se contra as tribos de l\u00EDngua majoritariamente algonquina e Huron de l\u00EDngua iroquesa e tribos relacionadas da regi\u00E3o dos Grandes Lagos. Os iroqueses receberam armas de seus parceiros comerciais holandeses e ingleses; os Algonquians e Hurons foram apoiados pelos franceses, seu principal parceiro comercial. Os iroqueses destru\u00EDram efetivamente v\u00E1rias grandes confedera\u00E7\u00F5es tribais, incluindo os moicanos, hurons (Wyandot), neutros, Erie, Susquehannock (Conestoga) e algonquinos do norte, com a extrema brutalidade e natureza exterminat\u00F3ria do modo de guerra praticado pelos iroqueses, causando alguns historiadores para rotular essas guerras como atos de genoc\u00EDdio cometidos pela Confedera\u00E7\u00E3o Iroquois. Tornaram-se dominantes na regi\u00E3o e ampliaram seu territ\u00F3rio, realinhando a geografia tribal americana. Os iroqueses ganharam o controle da fronteira da Nova Inglaterra e do rio Ohioterras do vale como terreno de ca\u00E7a de cerca de 1670 em diante. Ambas as sociedades algonquianas e iroquesas foram muito perturbadas por essas guerras. O conflito diminuiu quando os iroqueses perderam seus aliados holandeses na col\u00F4nia de Nova Holanda depois que os ingleses a assumiram em 1664, junto com e a cidade de Nova Amsterdam na ilha de Manhattan. Os franceses ent\u00E3o tentaram ganhar os iroqueses como aliados contra os ingleses, mas os iroqueses se recusaram a romper sua alian\u00E7a e frequentemente lutaram contra os franceses no s\u00E9culo XVIII. A alian\u00E7a anglo-iroquesa atingiria seu apogeu durante a Guerra Franco-Ind\u00EDgena de 1754, que viu os franceses serem amplamente expulsos da Am\u00E9rica do Norte. As guerras e os subsequentes assassinatos de castores foram devastadores para a popula\u00E7\u00E3o local de castores. Os ecossistemas naturais que passaram a depender dos castores para barragens, \u00E1gua e outras necessidades vitais tamb\u00E9m foram devastados, levando \u00E0 destrui\u00E7\u00E3o ecol\u00F3gica, mudan\u00E7as ambientais e secas em certas \u00E1reas. Seguindo isso, as popula\u00E7\u00F5es de castores na Am\u00E9rica do Norte levariam s\u00E9culos para se recuperar em algumas \u00E1reas, enquanto outras nunca se recuperariam."@pt . . . "\u062D\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u064A\u0641\u0631"@ar . . . . "*Innu" . . "*Petun" . . . . . . . "~20,000" . "*Onondaga" . . . . . . "* Supported by:" . . . . . "De Beveroorlogen of Beaver Wars (niet te verwarren met de Beveroorlog die Pontiac tussen 1763 en 1766 tegen de Britten voerde) is de naam gegeven aan vele gewelddadige aanvallen die de Noord-Amerikaanse Iroquois-federatie (Haudenosaunee) vanaf 1640 deed op onder andere de Wendat-indianen en de Fransen. Door deze aanvallen probeerden de Haudenosaunee, aanvankelijk handelspartners van de Hollanders, de bonthandel tussen de verschillende inheemse volkeren rondom de Grote Meren en de Fransen en Engelsen te monopoliseren. Deze brute gebiedsuitbreiding, die werd aangevoerd door de dominante Kanien\u2019kehaka (Mohawk), leidde tot enorme slachtpartijen onder (vooral) Algonkisch sprekende volken, en cre\u00EBerde een kloof tussen enerzijds de Haudenosaunee en anderzijds (grotendeels Algonkisch sprekende) volken van de Grote Meren, die eeuwen zou voortduren."@nl . . . "Bob\u0159\u00ED v\u00E1lky (anglicky Beaver Wars), t\u00E9\u017E zn\u00E1m\u00E9 jako irok\u00E9zsk\u00E9 v\u00E1lky nebo v\u00E1lky francouzsko-irok\u00E9zsk\u00E9, byly s\u00E9riemi konflikt\u016F, kter\u00E9 se odehr\u00E1ly v letech 1609\u20131701 na severov\u00FDchod\u011B Severn\u00ED Ameriky. Irok\u00E9zov\u00E9, vyzbrojeni jejich obchodn\u00EDmi partnery Nizozemci a Angli\u010Dany, napadali sousedn\u00ED kmeny. Jedn\u00EDm z d\u016Fvod\u016F mohla b\u00FDt snaha ovl\u00E1dnout obchod s ko\u017Ee\u0161inami (p\u0159edev\u0161\u00EDm bob\u0159\u00EDmi) a t\u00EDm ovliv\u0148ovat vztahy mezi Evropany a jin\u00FDmi kmeny z oblasti Velk\u00FDch jezer. Konflikty byly vedeny p\u0159edev\u0161\u00EDm proti kmen\u016Fm z oblasti Velk\u00FDch jezer, zvl\u00E1\u0161t\u011B proti irok\u00E9zsky hovo\u0159\u00EDc\u00EDm Huron\u016Fm, , , a a d\u00E1le proti algonkinsk\u00FDm kmen\u016Fm jako nap\u0159\u00EDklad Algonkin\u016Fm, Mohyk\u00E1n\u016Fm, Ottaw\u016Fm, , , Od\u017Eibvej\u016Fm a dal\u0161\u00EDm. Jeliko\u017E v\u011Bt\u0161ina t\u011Bchto kmen\u016F byla spojenci Francouz\u016F, dostali se Irok\u00E9zov\u00E9 do konfliktu rovn\u011B\u017E s Novou Franci\u00ED. V boj\u00EDch "@cs . . . . . . . . . . . . . "1609"^^ . "Beaver Wars"@en . . . "* Huron\n* Algonquin\n* Susquehannock\n* Erie\n* Neutral\n* Petun\n* Odawa\n* Ojibwe\n* Wenro\n* Mahican\n* Innu\n* Abenaki\n* Supported by:\n*"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . "Beaver Wars"@en . . "*Cayuga" . . . "*Great Peace of Montreal" . "Dutch Republic"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . "Wojny bobrowe"@pl . . 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"\u30D3\u30FC\u30D0\u30FC\u6226\u4E89"@ja . . "Die Biberkriege, auch Franzosen- und Irokesenkriege genannt, waren eine ununterbrochene Folge von Konflikten, die zwischen 1640 und 1701 im \u00F6stlichen Nordamerika zwischen der Konf\u00F6deration der Irokesen und ihren mit Frankreich verb\u00FCndeten Nachbarst\u00E4mmen ausgetragen wurden. Die Auseinandersetzungen unter den St\u00E4mmen wurden schon fr\u00FCher ausgetragen, aber 1609 war zum ersten Mal ein Europ\u00E4er, Samuel de Champlain, beteiligt. Die Irokesen versuchten, ihr Territorium auf das Gebiet der benachbarten St\u00E4mme, haupts\u00E4chlich Algonkin, auszudehnen, um so als Mittler im Fellhandel zwischen den Franzosen und den westlichen St\u00E4mmen auftreten zu k\u00F6nnen. Die Niederl\u00E4ndische Westindien-Kompanie war der Hauptabnehmer f\u00FCr die Biberpelze und gleichzeitig Waffenlieferant f\u00FCr die Irokesen. Die Kriege waren auf beiden Seiten von extremer Brutalit\u00E4t gepr\u00E4gt und werden als eine der blutigsten Auseinandersetzungen in der Geschichte Nordamerikas betrachtet (zu nennen sei beispielsweise das , als von 30.000 Wendat nur 300 \u00FCberlebten). Die Expansion der Irokesen unter der F\u00FChrung des Mohawk-Stammes und die Vertreibung der unterlegenen St\u00E4mme ver\u00E4nderte die Stammesgeographie im gesamten Nordamerika. Die Auseinandersetzungen endeten 1701 mit dem Gro\u00DFen Frieden von Montreal. Unter vielen anderen waren die St\u00E4mme der Shawnee, Delaware und Dakota betroffen. Nach dem Verlust ihrer niederl\u00E4ndischen Handelspartner verebbte die Expansionslust der Irokesen."@de . . . . . . . . . . "\uBE44\uBC84 \uC804\uC7C1"@ko . "~4,500" . . . . . . "Supported by:" . . . . . "*Huron" . . . . . . . "Dutch Republic" . . . . . . . "Iroquois League" . . . "\u30D3\u30FC\u30D0\u30FC\u6226\u4E89\uFF08\u30D3\u30FC\u30D0\u30FC\u305B\u3093\u305D\u3046\u3001\u82F1\u8A9E: Beaver Wars\uFF09\u3001\u307E\u305F\u306F\u30D5\u30E9\u30F3\u30B9\u30FB\u30A4\u30ED\u30B3\u30A4\u65CF\u6226\u4E89\uFF08French and Iroquois Wars\uFF09\u3001\u30A4\u30ED\u30B3\u30A4\u65CF\u6226\u4E89\uFF08Iroquois Wars\uFF09\u306F\u300117\u4E16\u7D00\u534A\u3070\u306B\u5317\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u6771\u90E8\u3067\u6226\u308F\u308C\u305F\u3001\u30A4\u30F3\u30C7\u30A3\u30A2\u30F3\u90E8\u65CF\u3068\u30D5\u30E9\u30F3\u30B9\u690D\u6C11\u5730\u8ECD\u3068\u306E\u4E00\u9023\u306E\u300C\u30A4\u30F3\u30C7\u30A3\u30A2\u30F3\u6226\u4E89\u300D\u306E\u7DCF\u79F0\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . "Beaver Wars"@en . . . . . . "Perang Berang-Berang (juga disebut Perang Iroquois atau Perang Prancis dan Iroquois) adalah peperangan yang membuat wilayah Amerika Utara bagian timur bergejolak pada abad ke-17. Pada abad ke-17, terjadi sejumlah pertempuran atas dasar ekonomi di wilayah lembah sungai Saint Lawrence dan hilir. Latar belakang perang ini adalah keinginan untuk menguasai . Semenjak abad pertengahan, telah memperoleh sumber daya bulu dari Rusia dan Skandinavia. Bulu dari Amerika mulai memasuki pasar Eropa pada abad ke-16, dan suku-suku Amerika Utara memanfaatkan kesempatan ini untuk memperoleh keuntungan. Kelompok Iroquois mencoba memperluas wilayah mereka dan memonopoli perdagangan bulu. Mereka adalah konfederasi lima suku asli yang terdiri dari suku Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga dan Seneca. Mereka mengobarkan perang melawan suku-suku yang menuturkan di kawasan Danau Besar dan mereka memperoleh senjata api dari Inggris dan Belanda. Sementara itu, suku-suku Algonquia dibantu oleh Kerajaan Prancis yang merupakan mitra dagang utama mereka. Peperangan ini merupakan salah satu konflik paling berdarah dalam . Iroquois menghancurkan beberapa konfederasi suku yang besar, termasuk suku Huron, , , dan Shawnee. Mereka juga menjadi kekuatan yang dominan di kawasan tersebut dan mengubah persebaran suku di Amerika Utara. Selain itu, mereka mengusir beberapa suku-suku timur ke bagian barat Sungai Mississippi atau ke arah Carolina di selatan. Sementara itu, Iroquois menguasai lembah Sungai Ohio yang merupakan tempat berburu dari tahun 1670. Negeri Ohio dan menjadi wilayah yang kosong dari penduduk asli karena para pengungsi melarikan diri dari prajurit-prajurit Iroquois. Kawasan-kawasan ini belakangan diisi kembali oleh orang-orang Iroquois."@in . . "*Oneida" . . "As Guerras dos Castores (Mohawk: Tsian\u00EC kayonkwere), tamb\u00E9m conhecidas como as Guerras Iroquois ou as Guerras Franco-Iroquois (franc\u00EAs: Guerres franco-iroquoises), abrangem uma s\u00E9rie de conflitos travados intermitentemente durante o s\u00E9culo XVII na Am\u00E9rica do Norte ao longo do rio S\u00E3o Louren\u00E7o vale no Canad\u00E1 e na regi\u00E3o inferior dos Grandes Lagos, que colocou os iroqueses contra os hurons, os algonquinos do norte e seus aliados franceses. Como resultado deste conflito, os iroqueses destru\u00EDram v\u00E1rias confedera\u00E7\u00F5es e tribos atrav\u00E9s da guerra: os Hurons ou Wendat, Erie, Neutro, Wenro, Tionontate, Susquehannock, Mahican e Algonquinos do norte que derrotaram e dispersaram, alguns fugindo para povos vizinhos e outros assimilados, derrotados ou mortos."@pt . . . . . . . "*Seneca" . . . . . . . . . . "300"^^ . . . . . . . . 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"Champlain's Battle with the Iroquois, Ticonderoga, July, 1609, an 1898 illustration by Jean Leon Gerome Ferris"@en . "Iroquois League\n* Mohawks\n* Oneida\n* Seneca\n* Onondaga\n* Cayuga\nSupported by:"@en . . . 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(\uBA38\uC9C0 \uC54A\uC544 \uC624\uD558\uC774\uC624\uC871 \uC0AC\uB78C\uB4E4\uC774 \uB3CC\uC544\uC654\uC73C\uB098 \uC77C\uBC18\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uB2E4\uBBFC\uC871 \uACF5\uD654\uAD6D\uC774\uBA70 \uAC1C\uAC1C\uC758 \uC21C\uD608 \uC885\uC871\uC740 \uC544\uB2C8\uC5C8\uB2E4.) \uC54C\uACE4\uD0A8\uACFC \uC774\uB85C\uCFFC\uC774 \uC0AC\uD68C\uB294 \uC774 \uC804\uC7C1\uC73C\uB85C \uD070 \uD63C\uB780 \uC0C1\uD0DC\uC5D0 \uBE60\uC84C\uB2E4. \uC774 \uBD84\uC7C1\uC73C\uB85C \uB274 \uB124\uB35C\uB780\uB4DC \uC2DD\uBBFC\uC9C0\uC758 \uB124\uB35C\uB780\uB4DC \uC0AC\uB78C\uACFC \uC774\uB85C\uCFFC\uC774\uC871 \uC0AC\uC774\uC758 \uB3D9\uB9F9\uC774 \uAE68\uC9C0\uBA74\uC11C \uC601\uAD6D\uC758 \uCE68\uC785\uC5D0 \uB300\uD56D\uD558\uC5EC \uD504\uB791\uC2A4\uAC00 \uC774\uB85C\uCFFC\uC774\uC871\uACFC\uC758 \uB3D9\uB9F9\uC744 \uC694\uAD6C\uD558\uB294 \uC0AC\uD0DC\uAC00 \uBC8C\uC5B4\uC84C\uB2E4. \uB05D\uB0B4 \uC774\uB85C\uCFFC\uC774\uC871\uC774 \uC601\uAD6D\uC758 \uAD50\uC5ED \uC0C1\uB300\uAC00 \uB418\uC5C8\uC73C\uBA70 \uB098\uC911\uC5D0 \uC601\uAD6D\uC758 \uD655\uC7A5\uC5D0 \uC911\uC694\uD55C \uB3C4\uC6C0\uC774 \uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4."@ko . "*Odawa" . . . . . "*" . "*Susquehannock" . . . . . "44510"^^ . . . . . "384160"^^ . . . . . . "*Huron-Wendat Confederacydestroyed" . . . . "Bob\u0159\u00ED v\u00E1lky"@cs . . . 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"\u0411\u043E\u0431\u0440\u043E\u0432\u044B\u0435 \u0432\u043E\u0439\u043D\u044B"@ru . . . . . . "*Wenro" . . . . "Wojny bobrowe \u2013 seria potyczek zbrojnych, jakie mia\u0142y miejsce pomi\u0119dzy rokiem 1641, a 1701 w P\u00F3\u0142nocnej Ameryce, kt\u00F3re toczy\u0142y si\u0119 pomi\u0119dzy Irokezami, a Francuzami z Nowej Francji oraz z ich india\u0144skimi sprzymierze\u0144cami. W wojnach bobrowych stron\u0105 atakuj\u0105c\u0105 byli Irokezi, cho\u0107 Francuzi w ostatniej jej fazie pr\u00F3bowali przej\u0105\u0107 inicjatyw\u0119, podejmuj\u0105c kilka ekspedycji na terytoria Irokez\u00F3w."@pl . . "Perang Berang-Berang (juga disebut Perang Iroquois atau Perang Prancis dan Iroquois) adalah peperangan yang membuat wilayah Amerika Utara bagian timur bergejolak pada abad ke-17. Pada abad ke-17, terjadi sejumlah pertempuran atas dasar ekonomi di wilayah lembah sungai Saint Lawrence dan hilir. Latar belakang perang ini adalah keinginan untuk menguasai . Semenjak abad pertengahan, telah memperoleh sumber daya bulu dari Rusia dan Skandinavia. Bulu dari Amerika mulai memasuki pasar Eropa pada abad ke-16, dan suku-suku Amerika Utara memanfaatkan kesempatan ini untuk memperoleh keuntungan."@in . . . . . . . .