@prefix rdf: . @prefix dbr: . @prefix yago: . dbr:Acid rdf:type yago:Substance100019613 . @prefix dbo: . dbr:Acid rdf:type dbo:MusicGenre , yago:Part113809207 , yago:Relation100031921 . @prefix owl: . dbr:Acid rdf:type owl:Thing , yago:Compound114818238 , yago:Abstraction100002137 , dbo:ChemicalCompound , yago:Material114580897 , yago:WikicatAcids , yago:Chemical114806838 , yago:PhysicalEntity100001930 , yago:Matter100020827 , yago:Acid114607521 . @prefix rdfs: . dbr:Acid rdfs:label "Azido"@eu , "\u041A\u0438\u0441\u043B\u043E\u0442\u0438"@uk , "Acido"@it , "Zuur (scheikunde)"@nl , "\u039F\u03BE\u03CD"@el , "\u062D\u0645\u0636"@ar , "\u041A\u0438\u0441\u043B\u043E\u0442\u044B"@ru , "Asam"@in , "\u00C1cido"@pt , "Aig\u00E9ad"@ga , "S\u00E4uren"@de , "Syra"@sv , "Acido"@eo , "Acide"@fr , "Acid"@en , "Kwasy"@pl , "\u00C0cid"@ca , "\u9178"@zh , "\u00C1cido"@es , "\u9178"@ja , "Kyseliny"@cs , "\uC0B0 (\uD654\uD559)"@ko ; rdfs:comment "\u041A\u0438\u0441\u043B\u043E\u0301\u0442\u044B \u2014 \u0445\u0438\u043C\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043E\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F, \u0441\u043F\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0431\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u043E\u0442\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044C \u043A\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043E\u043D \u0432\u043E\u0434\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0434\u0430 (\u043A\u0438\u0441\u043B\u043E\u0442\u044B \u0411\u0440\u0451\u043D\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0434\u0430), \u043B\u0438\u0431\u043E \u0441\u043E\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F, \u0441\u043F\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0431\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043D\u0438\u043C\u0430\u0442\u044C \u044D\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0440\u043E\u043D\u043D\u0443\u044E \u043F\u0430\u0440\u0443 \u0441 \u043E\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435\u043C \u043A\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0441\u0432\u044F\u0437\u0438 (\u043A\u0438\u0441\u043B\u043E\u0442\u044B \u041B\u044C\u044E\u0438\u0441\u0430). \u0412 \u0431\u044B\u0442\u0443 \u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0435 \u043F\u043E\u0434 \u043A\u0438\u0441\u043B\u043E\u0442\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u043E\u0431\u044B\u0447\u043D\u043E \u043F\u043E\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u043C\u0435\u0432\u0430\u044E\u0442\u0441\u044F \u043A\u0438\u0441\u043B\u043E\u0442\u044B \u0411\u0440\u0451\u043D\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0434\u0430, \u043E\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u044E\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0432\u043E\u0434\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0430\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u0431\u044B\u0442\u043E\u043A \u0438\u043E\u043D\u043E\u0432 \u0433\u0438\u0434\u0440\u043E\u043A\u0441\u043E\u043D\u0438\u044F H3O+. \u041F\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u044D\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u0438\u043E\u043D\u043E\u0432 \u043E\u0431\u0443\u0441\u043B\u0430\u0432\u043B\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043A\u0438\u0441\u043B\u044B\u0439 \u0432\u043A\u0443\u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0432 \u043A\u0438\u0441\u043B\u043E\u0442, \u0441\u043F\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0431\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C \u043C\u0435\u043D\u044F\u0442\u044C \u043E\u043A\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043A\u0443 \u0438\u043D\u0434\u0438\u043A\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0432 \u0438, \u0432 \u0432\u044B\u0441\u043E\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u043A\u043E\u043D\u0446\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044F\u0445, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0430\u044E\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u043A\u0438\u0441\u043B\u043E\u0442. \u041F\u043E\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u0430\u0442\u043E\u043C\u044B \u0432\u043E\u0434\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0434\u0430 \u043A\u0438\u0441\u043B\u043E\u0442 \u0441\u043F\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0431\u043D\u044B \u0437\u0430\u043C\u0435\u0449\u0430\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u043D\u0430 \u0430\u0442\u043E\u043C\u044B \u043C\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043B\u043B\u043E\u0432 \u0441 \u043E\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435\u043C \u0441\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0439, \u0441\u043E\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043A\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043E\u043D\u044B \u043C\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043B\u043B\u043E\u0432 \u0438 \u0430\u043D\u0438\u043E\u043D\u044B \u043A\u0438\u0441\u043B\u043E\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043E\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043A\u0430."@ru , "Un \u00E0cid (del llat\u00ED acidus, 'agre') \u00E9s considerat tradicionalment com qualsevol compost qu\u00EDmic que, quan es dissol en aigua, produeix una soluci\u00F3 amb una activitat de cati\u00F3 oxidani o oxoni, , major que l'aigua pura, \u00E9s a dir, un pH menor que 7. Aix\u00F2 s'aproxima a la definici\u00F3 moderna de Johannes Nicolaus Br\u00F8nsted i Thomas Martin Lowry, que van definir de manera independent un \u00E0cid com un compost que dona un cati\u00F3 hidrogen (H+) a un altre compost (denominat base). Alguns exemples comuns s\u00F3n l'\u00E0cid ac\u00E8tic (al vinagre), l'\u00E0cid clorh\u00EDdric (al salfumant i als sucs g\u00E0strics), l'\u00E0cid acetilsalic\u00EDlic (a l'aspirina) o l'\u00E0cid sulf\u00FAric (usat en bateries d'autom\u00F2bil). Els sistemes \u00E0cid/base es diferencien de les reaccions redox en el fet que, en aquestes \u00FAltimes, hi ha un canvi en l'estat d'oxidaci\u00F3. El"@ca , "\u041A\u0438\u0441\u043B\u043E\u0301\u0442\u0438, \u0443 \u043A\u043B\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0447\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u0432\u0438\u0437\u043D\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043D\u043D\u0456 \u2014 \u0435\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0440\u043E\u043B\u0456\u0442\u0438, \u044F\u043A\u0456 \u043F\u0440\u0438 \u0440\u043E\u0437\u0447\u0438\u043D\u0435\u043D\u043D\u0456 \u0432 \u0439\u043E\u043D\u0456\u0437\u0443\u044E\u0447\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u0440\u043E\u0437\u0447\u0438\u043D\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0443 (\u043D\u0430\u043F\u0440\u0438\u043A\u043B\u0430\u0434, \u0443 \u0432\u043E\u0434\u0456), \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043E\u0446\u0456\u044E\u044E\u0442\u044C \u0437 \u0443\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F\u043C \u0456\u043E\u043D\u0456\u0432 \u0432\u043E\u0434\u043D\u044E (\u0430\u0431\u043E \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u043E\u043D\u0430 \u041D+), \u0442\u0430\u043A\u0438\u043C \u0447\u0438\u043D\u043E\u043C \u0437\u043D\u0438\u0436\u0443\u044E\u0447\u0438 \u043A\u0438\u0441\u043B\u043E\u0442\u043D\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0440\u043E\u0437\u0447\u0438\u043D\u0443 \u0434\u043E \u0432\u0435\u043B\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043D\u0438 \u043C\u0435\u043D\u0448\u0435 \u043D\u0456\u0436 pH 7,0."@uk , "\u0627\u0644\u062D\u0645\u0636 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u064A \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0643\u064A\u0645\u064A\u0627\u0626\u064A \u064A\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062F \u0627\u0646\u062D\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0627\u062F\u0631\u0627\u064B \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062A\u062D\u0631\u064A\u0631 \u0623\u064A\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064A\u062F\u0631\u0648\u062C\u064A\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062A\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062A)\u060C \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u064A\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0630\u0631\u0627\u062A \u0647\u064A\u062F\u0631\u0648\u062C\u064A\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062A \u0634\u062D\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062C\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062D\u062F\u0629 \u0623\u0648 +1. \u0648 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0643\u062B\u064A\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062D\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u062A\u0648\u062C\u062F \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u064A\u0639\u064A\u0629\u060C \u0648 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064A \u0644\u0644\u062D\u064A\u0627\u0629. \u0641\u062D\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064A\u062F\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0643 (HCl) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064A\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062B\u0627\u0644 \u064A\u062A\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u062A\u0627\u062C\u0647 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062F\u0629 \u0648 \u064A\u0639\u064A\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0636\u0645. \u0648 \u062A\u064F\u0633\u062A\u062E\u062F\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062D\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629\u064D \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629\u064D \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060C \u0648\u0647\u064A \u062C\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062F\u062F\u064D \u0636\u062E\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062A. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u062D\u0627\u0644\u060C \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0643\u062B\u064A\u0631\u0627\u064B \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062D\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0633\u0627\u0645\u0651\u0629\u060C \u0648 \u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062D\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064A\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062A\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062D\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064B \u062D\u0627\u062F\u0629."@ar , "Un acide est un compos\u00E9 chimique min\u00E9ral ou organique accepteur, au sens large, de doublets \u00E9lectroniques. Il est g\u00E9n\u00E9ralement d\u00E9fini par des r\u00E9actions-types dans diff\u00E9rents solvants, en particulier en lib\u00E9rant l'ion hydronium dans l'eau. Dans le cadre de la th\u00E9orie de Br\u00F8nsted-Lewis, le pH d'une solution obtenue en dissolvant un acide dans l'eau est inf\u00E9rieur \u00E0 sept."@fr , "Go traidisi\u00FAnta, glactar leis gur aig\u00E9ad at\u00E1 i ngach comhdh\u00FAil cheimiceach ar f\u00E9idir leis, m\u00E1 thuaslagtar san uisce \u00E9, ti\u00FAchan na n-ian hiodrocs\u00F3iniam (H3O+) a ard\u00FA agus ti\u00FAchan na n-ian hiodrocsa\u00EDde (OH-) a \u00EDsli\u00FA d\u00E1 r\u00E9ir. Mar sin, m\u00E1 chuirtear aig\u00E9ad le huisce glan, titfidh pH an uisce sin. T\u00E1 imoibri\u00FA an aig\u00E9id leis an mbun difri\u00FAil leis an imoibri\u00FA ocsa\u00EDdi\u00FAch\u00E1in is d\u00ED-ocsa\u00EDdi\u00FAch\u00E1in, n\u00F3 n\u00ED athra\u00EDonn staid ocsa\u00EDdi\u00FAch\u00E1in na n-adamh san imoibri\u00FA aig\u00E9id is buin. Go bun\u00FAsach, is ionann an Ka, n\u00F3 tairiseach d\u00EDthioms\u00FAch\u00E1in an aig\u00E9id, n\u00E1:"@ga , "S\u00E4uren sind chemische Verbindungen, die in der Lage sind, ein oder auch mehrere ihrer gebundenen H-Atome als Proton (H+) an einen Reaktionspartner zu \u00FCbertragen, der f\u00FCr jedes zu bindende Proton ein freies Elektronenpaar zur Verf\u00FCgung stellen muss.Man spricht dann von Protonen\u00FCbertragungsreaktionen.Dementsprechend werden die Molek\u00FCle, die Protonen binden k\u00F6nnen, auch als Protonenakzeptoren bezeichnet.Zu bedenken bleibt, dass an unterschiedliche Atome gebundene H-Atome auch unterschiedlich leicht als Protonen abgegeben werden k\u00F6nnen. Pauschal spricht man dann von mehr oder weniger stark sauren Protonen bzw. Verbindungen. In rein w\u00E4ssrigen L\u00F6sungen steht als Reaktionspartner, der die Protonen aufnehmen kann, nur das L\u00F6sungsmittel Wasser zur Verf\u00FCgung. Es bilden sich dann Oxonium-Ionen, die a"@de , "Acido (\u011Denerala formulo estas HA a\u016D [H+A\u2212]) difini\u011Das tradicie kiel kemia kombina\u0135o (molekulo a\u016D jono), kiu, kiam solvita en akvo, generas solva\u0135on kun hidrogena jono (protono fakte), kaj tiele kontribuas al acideco pli granda ol tiu de pura akvo, t.e. pH malpli ol 7,0. La\u016D la moderna difino de Johannes Nicolaus Br\u00F8nsted kaj Martin Lowry, \"acido\" estas iun ajn kemia\u0135o, kiu donas hidrogenan jonon (H+) al alia kombina\u0135o, kiu nomi\u011Das \"bazo\"."@eo , "Asam adalah molekul atau ion yang dapat memberikan proton (ion hidrogen H+), atau, alternatifnya, dapat membentuk ikatan kovalen dengan (asam Lewis). Kategori pertama asam adalah donor proton atau asam Br\u00F8nsted. Pada kasus khusus dalam larutan berair, donor proton membentuk ion hidronium H3O+ dan dikenal sebagai asam Arrhenius. Br\u00F8nsted dan Lowry memperumum teori Arrhenius untuk memasukkan pelarut bukan air. Asam Br\u00F8nsted maupun Arrhenius biasanya memiliki atom hidrogen yang berikatan dengan struktur kimia yang tetap aktif secara energik setelah kehilangan H+."@in , "Un \u00E1cido (del lat\u00EDn acidus, que significa agrio) es cualquier compuesto qu\u00EDmico que, cuando se disuelve en agua, produce una soluci\u00F3n con una actividad de cati\u00F3n hidronio mayor que el agua pura, esto es, un pH menor que 7.\u200BEsto se aproxima a la definici\u00F3n moderna de Johannes Nicolaus Br\u00F8nsted y Thomas Martin Lowry, quienes definieron independientemente un \u00E1cido como un compuesto que dona un cati\u00F3n hidr\u00F3geno (H+) a otro compuesto (denominado base). Algunos ejemplos comunes son el \u00E1cido ac\u00E9tico (en el vinagre), el \u00E1cido clorh\u00EDdrico (en el salfum\u00E1n y los jugos g\u00E1stricos), el \u00E1cido acetilsalic\u00EDlico (en la aspirina), o el \u00E1cido sulf\u00FArico (usado en bater\u00EDas de autom\u00F3vil)."@es , "In chimica, un acido \u00E8 una molecola o ione in grado di donare uno ione idrogeno H+, o in grado di formare un legame covalente con una coppia di elettroni (acido di Lewis). La definizione di acido e quella corrispondente di base hanno subito diverse modifiche nel tempo, partendo da un approccio empirico e sperimentale fino alle pi\u00F9 recenti definizioni, sempre pi\u00F9 generali, legate al modello molecolare a orbitali. Gli acidi sono generalmente divisi in acidi forti e acidi deboli. Un indice della forza di un acido, funzione della sua natura e della sua concentrazione, \u00E8 il pH."@it , "Kwasy \u2013 zwi\u0105zki chemiczne wykazuj\u0105ce charakter kwasowy, co w zale\u017Cno\u015Bci od definicji mo\u017Ce oznacza\u0107 zdolno\u015B\u0107 do: \n* zakwaszania \u015Brodowiska, tj. obni\u017Cania jego pH (definicja Arrheniusa), \n* dostarczania kation\u00F3w wodorowych (definicja Br\u00F8nsteda-Lowry\u2019ego), \n* przyjmowania pary elektronowej (definicja Lewisa). W najprostszym rozumieniu kwasy to zwi\u0105zki chemiczne zawieraj\u0105ce \u0142atwo dysocjuj\u0105ce atomy wodoru. W roztworach wodnych dysocjuj\u0105 one na kation wodorowy i anion reszty kwasowej. Zwi\u0105zki chemiczne o w\u0142a\u015Bciwo\u015Bciach przeciwnych do kwasowych to zasady."@pl , "Kyseliny jsou chemick\u00E9 l\u00E1tky, jejich\u017E molekuly ve vod\u011B disociuj\u00ED na vod\u00EDkov\u00E9 kationty a anionty kyseliny. Kyselost, \u0159id\u010Deji ozna\u010Dovan\u00E1 term\u00EDnem acidita, se m\u011B\u0159\u00ED nap\u0159\u00EDklad lakmusov\u00FDm pap\u00EDrkem."@cs , "An acid is a molecule or ion capable of either donating a proton (i.e. hydrogen ion, H+), known as a Br\u00F8nsted\u2013Lowry acid, or forming a covalent bond with an electron pair, known as a Lewis acid. The first category of acids are the proton donors, or Br\u00F8nsted\u2013Lowry acids. In the special case of aqueous solutions, proton donors form the hydronium ion H3O+ and are known as Arrhenius acids. Br\u00F8nsted and Lowry generalized the Arrhenius theory to include non-aqueous solvents. A Br\u00F8nsted or Arrhenius acid usually contains a hydrogen atom bonded to a chemical structure that is still energetically favorable after loss of H+."@en , "\u9178\uFF08\u3055\u3093\u3001\u82F1: acid\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u3001\u5316\u5B66\u306B\u304A\u3044\u3066\u3001\u5869\u57FA\u3068\u5BFE\u306B\u306A\u3063\u3066\u306F\u305F\u3089\u304F\u7269\u8CEA\u306E\u3053\u3068\u3002"@ja , "\u00C1cido, no \u00E2mbito da qu\u00EDmica, pode se referir a um composto capaz de transferir \u00CDons (H+) numa rea\u00E7\u00E3o qu\u00EDmica (vide \u00E1cido de Br\u00F8nsted), podendo assim diminuir o pH de uma solu\u00E7\u00E3o aquosa, ou a um composto capaz de formar liga\u00E7\u00F5es covalentes (vide \u00E1cido de Lewis) com um par de el\u00E9ctrons. As bases s\u00E3o os an\u00E1logos opostos aos \u00E1cidos. H\u00E1 dois tipos de \u00E1cidos, os hidr\u00E1cidos e os oxi\u00E1cidos (que possuem oxig\u00EAnio em sua composi\u00E7\u00E3o)."@pt , "Azidoek (sarritan HA [H+A-] formula generikoaren bidez adierazten dira) hainbat definizio izan dituzte denboran zehar. Gehien onartutako definizioaren arabera, azido deitzen diren konposatuak base deritzen konposatuei hidrogeno-ioi bat (H+) ematen dietenak dira. Eguneroko bizimoduan azido ugari erabiltzen dira, esaterako azido azetikoa (ozpinean dagoena) eta azido sulfurikoa (autoen baterietan erabiltzen dena). Azido/base sistemak ez dute zerikusirik erredox sistemekin, lehenetan ez baitago aldaketarik oxidazio-egoeran."@eu , "Een zuur is een begrip uit de scheikunde waarvan de definitie een aantal malen aangescherpt is. Zuren zijn de tegenhangers van de basen. Zuren en basen reageren met elkaar in een proces dat neutralisatie genoemd wordt. Een waterige oplossing wordt zuur genoemd wanneer de zuurgraad (pH) lager is dan 7. De menselijke smaak kan veel zure stoffen herkennen. Citroenzuur en azijnzuur zijn bekende voorbeelden van stoffen die een zure smaak geven. In hoge concentraties kunnen zuren schadelijk zijn, met name als de pH lager is dan 1."@nl , "En syra (latin: acidum) definieras vanligtvis som ett \u00E4mne som genom dissociation kan avge protoner (v\u00E4tejoner). Om en syra tillf\u00F6rs till vatten bildas en sur l\u00F6sning, med pH under 7. M\u00E5nga \u00E4mnen har f\u00F6rm\u00E5gan att i st\u00F6rre eller mindre utstr\u00E4ckning kunna avge protoner. Man delar in syror i olika grupper dels beroende p\u00E5 hur m\u00E5nga protoner de kan avge (en- respektive flerprotoniga syror) i en l\u00F6sning (oftast iakttaget i vattenl\u00F6sning), dels i hur h\u00F6g grad dissociationen sker (svaga respektive starka syror). Till exempel citronsyra har inte s\u00E5 stor ben\u00E4genhet att avge protoner och betecknas d\u00E4rf\u00F6r som en svag syra, medan saltsyra avger alla sina protoner och betecknas d\u00E4rf\u00F6r som en stark syra. Det finns \u00E4ven syror som kan betecknas som medelstarka syror; en s\u00E5dan \u00E4r fosforsyra."@sv , "\u9178\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1Aacid\uFF0C\u6709\u65F6\u7528\u201CHA\u201D\u8868\u793A\uFF09\u3002\u963F\u745E\u5C3C\u65AF\u9178\u7684\u5B9A\u4E49\u662F\u5F53\u6EB6\u89E3\u5728\u6C34\u4E2D\u65F6\uFF0C\u6EB6\u6DB2\u4E2D\u6C22\u79BB\u5B50\u7684\u6D53\u5EA6\u5927\u4E8E\u7EAF\u6C34\u4E2D\u6C22\u79BB\u5B50\u6D53\u5EA6\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\u3002\u6362\u53E5\u8BDD\u8BF4\uFF0C\u9178\u6027\u6EB6\u6DB2\u7684pH\u503C\u5C0F\u4E8E\u6C34\u7684pH\u503C\uFF0825\u2103\u65F6\u4E3A\u6C34\u7684pH\u503C\u662F7\uFF09\u3002\u9178\u4E00\u822C\u5448\u9178\u5473\uFF0C\u4F46\u662F\u54C1\u5C1D\u9178\uFF08\u5C24\u5176\u662F\u9AD8\u6D53\u5EA6\u7684\u9178\uFF09\u662F\u975E\u5E38\u975E\u5E38\u5371\u96AA\u7684\u3002\u9178\u53EF\u4EE5\u548C\u78B1\u53D1\u751F\u4E2D\u548C\u4F5C\u7528\uFF0C\u751F\u6210\u6C34\u548C\u76D0\u3002\u9178\u53EF\u5206\u4E3A\u65E0\u673A\u9178\u548C\u6709\u673A\u9178\u4E24\u79CD\u3002\u4E0E\u76F8\u5BF9\u7684\u4E00\u79CD\u7269\u8D28\u662F\u9E7C\u3002 \n* \u6C2B\u6C2F\u9178\u3001\u786B\u9178\u548C\u785D\u9178\u90FD\u88AB\u7A31\u70BA\u7926\u9178\uFF0C\u56E0\u70BA\u5B83\u5011\u5F9E\u524D\u90FD\u662F\u900F\u904E\u7926\u7269\u88FD\u5F97\u7684\u3002 \n* \u6FC3\u9178\u5177\u8150\u8755\u6027\uFF0C\u800C\u7A00\u9178\u5247\u5177\u523A\u6FC0\u6027\uFF08\u7A00\u6C2B\u6C1F\u9178\u4E5F\u5177\u6709\u8150\u8755\u73BB\u7483\u7684\u80FD\u529B\uFF09\u3002"@zh , "\u03A4\u03B1 \u03BF\u03BE\u03AD\u03B1 (\u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03BB\u03B1\u03C4\u03B9\u03BD\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03BB\u03AD\u03BE\u03B7 acidus, \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C3\u03B7\u03BC\u03B1\u03AF\u03BD\u03B5\u03B9 \u00AB\u03BE\u03B9\u03BD\u03CC\u00BB) \u03B5\u03AF\u03BD\u03B1\u03B9 \u03AD\u03BD\u03B1 \u03C3\u03CD\u03BD\u03BF\u03BB\u03BF \u03C7\u03B7\u03BC\u03B9\u03BA\u03CE\u03BD \u03BF\u03C5\u03C3\u03B9\u03CE\u03BD \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03B5\u03BC\u03C6\u03B1\u03BD\u03AF\u03B6\u03B5\u03B9 \u03AD\u03BD\u03B1 \u03C3\u03CD\u03BD\u03BF\u03BB\u03BF \u03BA\u03BF\u03B9\u03BD\u03CE\u03BD \u03B9\u03B4\u03B9\u03BF\u03C4\u03AE\u03C4\u03C9\u03BD, \u03B3\u03BD\u03C9\u03C3\u03C4\u03CE\u03BD \u03C9\u03C2 \u00AB\u03CC\u03BE\u03B9\u03BD\u03BF\u03C2 \u03C7\u03B1\u03C1\u03B1\u03BA\u03C4\u03AE\u03C1\u03B1\u03C2\u00BB \u03AE \u00AB\u03CC\u03BE\u03B9\u03BD\u03B7 \u03B1\u03BD\u03C4\u03AF\u03B4\u03C1\u03B1\u03C3\u03B7\u00BB. \u039F\u03B9 \u03C0\u03B9\u03BF \u03C7\u03B1\u03C1\u03B1\u03BA\u03C4\u03B7\u03C1\u03B9\u03C3\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AD\u03C2 \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03B1\u03C5\u03C4\u03AD\u03C2 \u03B5\u03AF\u03BD\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B7 \u03CC\u03BE\u03B9\u03BD\u03B7 \u03B3\u03B5\u03CD\u03C3\u03B7, \u03B7 \u03B9\u03BA\u03B1\u03BD\u03CC\u03C4\u03B7\u03C4\u03B1 \u03BD\u03B1 \u03B1\u03BB\u03BB\u03AC\u03B6\u03BF\u03C5\u03BD \u03C4\u03BF \u03C7\u03C1\u03CE\u03BC\u03B1 \u03BF\u03BE\u03B5\u03BF\u03B2\u03B1\u03C3\u03B9\u03BA\u03CE\u03BD \u03B4\u03B5\u03B9\u03BA\u03C4\u03CE\u03BD, \u03CC\u03C0\u03C9\u03C2 \u03C4\u03BF \u03B2\u03AC\u03BC\u03BC\u03B1 \u03B7\u03BB\u03B9\u03BF\u03C4\u03C1\u03BF\u03C0\u03AF\u03BF\u03C5, \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03B1\u03BB\u03BB\u03AC\u03B6\u03B5\u03B9 \u03C7\u03C1\u03CE\u03BC\u03B1 \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03BC\u03C0\u03BB\u03B5 \u03C3\u03B5 \u03BA\u03CC\u03BA\u03BA\u03B9\u03BD\u03BF, \u03C0\u03B1\u03C1\u03BF\u03C5\u03C3\u03AF\u03B1 \u03BF\u03BE\u03AD\u03C9\u03BD. \u0395\u03C0\u03AF\u03C3\u03B7\u03C2, \u03C4\u03B1 \u03BF\u03BE\u03AD\u03B1 \u03AD\u03C7\u03BF\u03C5\u03BD \u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03B9\u03BA\u03B1\u03BD\u03CC\u03C4\u03B7\u03C4\u03B1 \u03BD\u03B1 \u03B1\u03BD\u03C4\u03B9\u03B4\u03C1\u03BF\u03CD\u03BD \u03BC\u03B5 \u03B2\u03AC\u03C3\u03B5\u03B9\u03C2, \u03B1\u03BD\u03B8\u03C1\u03B1\u03BA\u03B9\u03BA\u03AC \u03AC\u03BB\u03B1\u03C4\u03B1 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03BF\u03C1\u03B9\u03C3\u03BC\u03AD\u03BD\u03B1 \u03BC\u03AD\u03C4\u03B1\u03BB\u03BB\u03B1, \u03CC\u03C0\u03C9\u03C2 \u03C4\u03BF \u03B1\u03C3\u03B2\u03AD\u03C3\u03C4\u03B9\u03BF, \u03C3\u03C7\u03B7\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03AF\u03B6\u03BF\u03BD\u03C4\u03B1\u03C2 \u03AC\u03BB\u03B1\u03C4\u03B1. \u03A4\u03B1 \u03C5\u03B4\u03B1\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AC \u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03BB\u03CD\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03B1 \u03C4\u03C9\u03BD \u03BF\u03BE\u03AD\u03C9\u03BD \u03AD\u03C7\u03BF\u03C5\u03BD pH < 7. \u0388\u03BD\u03B1 \u03C7\u03B1\u03BC\u03B7\u03BB\u03CC\u03C4\u03B5\u03C1\u03BF pH, \u03C3\u03B7\u03BC\u03B1\u03AF\u03BD\u03B5\u03B9 \u03BC\u03B9\u03B1 \u03C5\u03C8\u03B7\u03BB\u03CC\u03C4\u03B5\u03C1\u03B7 \u03BF\u03BE\u03CD\u03C4\u03B7\u03C4\u03B1, \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03AD\u03C4\u03C3\u03B9 \u03BC\u03B9\u03B1 \u03C5\u03C8\u03B7\u03BB\u03CC\u03C4\u03B5\u03C1\u03B7 \u03C3\u03C5\u03B3\u03BA\u03AD\u03BD\u03C4\u03C1\u03C9\u03C3\u03B7 \u03C3\u03C4\u03BF \u03B4\u03B9\u03AC\u03BB\u03C5\u03BC\u03B1. \u039F\u03B9 \u03C7\u03B7\u03BC\u03B9\u03BA\u03AD\u03C2 \u03BF\u03C5\u03C3\u03AF\u03B5\u03C2 \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03AD\u03C7\u03BF\u03C5\u03BD \u00AB\u03CC\u03BE\u03B9\u03BD\u03BF \u03C7\u03B1\u03C1\u03B1\u03BA\u03C4\u03AE\u03C1\u03B1\u00BB, \u03B4\u03B7\u03BB\u03B1\u03B4\u03AE \u03B9\u03B4\u03B9\u03CC\u03C4\u03B7\u03C4\u03B5\u03C2 \u03BF\u03BE\u03AD\u03C9\u03BD, \u03BB\u03AD\u03B3\u03BF\u03BD\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u00AB\u03CC\u03BE\u03B9\u03BD\u03B5\u03C2\u00BB."@el , "\uC0B0(\u9178, acid)\uC740 \uC77C\uBC18\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uBB3C\uC5D0 \uB179\uC558\uC744 \uB54C\uC5D0 pH\uAC00 7\uBCF4\uB2E4 \uB0AE\uC740 \uBB3C\uC9C8\uC774\uB2E4. \uD654\uD559\uC801\uC73C\uB85C\uB294 \uBB3C\uC5D0 \uB179\uC558\uC744 \uB54C \uC774\uC628\uD654\uD558\uC5EC \uC218\uC18C \uC774\uC628 H+\uC744 \uB0B4\uB193\uB294 \uBB3C\uC9C8\uC744 \uB9D0\uD55C\uB2E4. \uC0B0\uC740 \uC804\uD574\uC9C8\uC774\uACE0 \uC77C\uBC18\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uC2E0\uB9DB\uC774 \uB098\uBA70, \uC5FC\uAE30\uC640 \uC911\uD654\uBC18\uC751\uC744 \uD55C\uB2E4. \uB610\uD55C \uC218\uC18C\uBCF4\uB2E4 \uC774\uC628\uD654 \uACBD\uD5A5\uC774 \uB192\uC740 \uAE08\uC18D\uACFC \uBC18\uC751\uD558\uC5EC \uC218\uC18C\uAE30\uCCB4\uB97C \uBC1C\uC0DD\uD55C\uB2E4. \uC0B0\uC758 \uB300\uD45C\uC801\uC778 \uC608\uB85C\uB294 \uAC15\uC0B0\uC778 \uC5FC\uC0B0(HCl), \uD669\uC0B0(H2SO4), \uC9C8\uC0B0(HNO3), \uC57D\uC0B0\uC778 \uC544\uC138\uD2B8\uC0B0(CH3COOH), \uD0C4\uC0B0(H2CO3)\uC774 \uC788\uB2E4."@ko ; rdfs:seeAlso dbr:Acid_dissociation_constant . @prefix foaf: . dbr:Acid foaf:depiction , , , , , , , , . @prefix dcterms: . @prefix dbc: . dbr:Acid dcterms:subject dbc:Acids , ; dbo:wikiPageID 656 ; dbo:wikiPageRevisionID 1121328552 ; dbo:wikiPageWikiLink dbr:Titration , dbr:Ibuprofen , dbr:Stomach , dbr:Corrosive_substance , dbr:Ethanesulfonic_acid , dbr:Electron_pair , dbr:Sulfonic_acid , , dbr:Digestive_enzyme , dbr:Zwitterion , dbr:Lungs , dbr:PH_indicator , , dbr:Soft_drink , , dbr:Formic_acid , , dbr:Hydroxide , dbr:Chromic_acid , dbr:Potential_energy , dbr:Catalyst , dbr:Rhubarb , dbr:Citrate , dbr:Organic_acid , dbr:Citric_acid , dbr:Dehydration_reaction , dbr:Dicarboxylic_acid , dbr:Ion , dbr:Lewis_acids , dbr:Sulfuric_acid , dbr:Digestive_enzymes , , dbr:Ester , , dbr:Bjerrum_plot , dbr:Chlorous_acid , dbr:Penicillin , dbr:Polystyrene_sulfonic_acid , dbr:Toluenesulfonic_acid , dbr:Aqueous_solution , dbr:Condensation_reaction , dbr:Oxalic_acid , dbr:Mammal , dbr:Alkylation , dbr:Organic_acids , dbr:Glycine , dbr:Bicarbonate , dbr:Aqueous_solutions , dbr:Pepsinogen , dbr:Fatty_acid , dbr:Proton , dbr:Carbocation , dbr:Covalent_bond , dbr:Latin , dbr:Magic_acid , dbr:Organic_compound , dbr:Enzyme , dbr:Conjugate_acid , dbr:Boron_trifluoride , dbr:Trifluoroacetic_acid , dbr:Carboxyl , dbr:Trifluoromethanesulfonic_acid , dbr:Aspirin , , dbc:Acids , dbr:Cytosol , dbr:Mineral_acid , dbr:Trichloroacetic_acid , , dbr:Oxidizing_agent , dbr:Litmus , dbr:Intracellular_pH , , dbr:Lone_pair , dbr:Fluoroantimonic_acid , dbr:Fluoroacetic_acid , dbr:Deprotonation , dbr:Fluoroboric_acid , dbr:Chemical_equilibrium , dbr:Hydrochloric_acid , dbr:Fluorosulfuric_acid , dbr:Solvent , dbr:Nitric_acid , dbr:Hydrobromic_acid , dbr:Peptidoglycan , , dbr:Chemical_polarity , dbr:Molecule , dbr:Atomic_orbital , dbr:RNA , dbr:Fluoride , dbr:Sodium_chloride , dbr:Calcium , dbr:Freeware , , dbr:Acetic_acid , dbr:Svante_Arrhenius , dbr:Inorganic , , dbr:Pepsin , dbr:Sodium_fluoride , dbr:Boric_acid , dbr:Thomas_Martin_Lowry , dbr:Hydrogen_ion , dbr:Hydroxyl , dbr:Protonation , dbr:Polysaccharide , dbr:Buffer_solution , dbr:Hydrofluoric_acid , dbr:Benzene , , dbr:Vinylogous , dbr:Amine , dbr:Molecular_oxygen , , dbr:Cell_membrane , dbr:Phospholipid_bilayer , dbr:Sodium_hydroxide , dbr:Hydrogen_chloride , dbr:Valence_electron , dbr:DNA , dbr:Esterification , dbr:Carbohydrate , dbr:Equilibrium_constant , dbr:Hydrogen_fluoride , dbr:Benzenesulfonic_acid , dbr:Cell_wall , dbr:Superacid , dbr:Lipophilicity , dbr:Bisulfate , dbr:Atomic_nucleus , dbr:Carbonyl , dbr:Wet_cell_battery , dbr:PH , dbr:Hypochlorous_acid , dbr:Polystyrene , dbr:Carborane , dbr:IUPAC , , dbr:Nucleic_acid , dbr:Phosphoric_acid , dbr:Electrophile , dbr:Zinc , dbr:Hypofluorous_acid , dbr:Micelle , dbr:Gluconic_acid , dbr:Anion , dbr:Carboxylic_acid , dbr:Tartaric_acid , dbr:Carambola , , dbr:Lewis_acids_and_bases , dbr:Phosphate , dbr:Acetylsalicylic_acid , , dbr:Dichloroacetic_acid , dbr:Ammonia , dbr:Gastric_acid , dbr:Ammonium_nitrate , dbr:Perchloric_acid , dbr:Hexafluorophosphoric_acid , dbr:Ammonium_chloride , dbr:HSAB_theory , dbr:Acid_strength , dbr:Alpha_and_beta_carbon , , dbr:Protein , dbr:Aspartic_acid , dbr:Hydronium_ion , dbr:Carbon_dioxide , dbr:Phyllanthus_emblica , dbr:ECW_model , , dbr:Acid_dissociation_constant , , dbr:Benzoic_acid , dbr:Lewis_acid , dbr:Chloroacetic_acid , dbr:Hydroiodic_acid , dbr:Amino_acid , , dbr:Chloric_acid , dbr:Hydronium , dbr:Amino_acids , dbr:Chloride , dbr:Cola , dbr:Carbonate , dbr:Ascorbic_acid , , dbr:Phospholipids , dbr:Lewis_base , dbr:Methanesulfonic_acid , dbr:Cellular_respiration , dbr:Lactic_acid , dbr:Hydrogen_halides , dbr:Solute , , dbr:Sulfate , dbr:Strong_acid , dbr:Carbonic_acid , , dbr:Tetrafluoroborate , dbr:P-Toluenesulfonic_acid , dbr:Car_battery ; dbo:wikiPageExternalLink , ; owl:sameAs . @prefix dbpedia-war: . dbr:Acid owl:sameAs dbpedia-war:Asido , . @prefix dbpedia-io: . dbr:Acid owl:sameAs dbpedia-io:Acido , , . @prefix ns11: . dbr:Acid owl:sameAs ns11:Asido , , . @prefix dbpedia-sw: . dbr:Acid owl:sameAs dbpedia-sw:Asidi , . @prefix dbpedia-simple: . dbr:Acid owl:sameAs dbpedia-simple:Acid . @prefix dbpedia-lb: . dbr:Acid owl:sameAs dbpedia-lb:Saier . @prefix dbpedia-no: . dbr:Acid owl:sameAs dbpedia-no:Syre , . @prefix dbpedia-ms: . dbr:Acid owl:sameAs dbpedia-ms:Asid , . @prefix dbpedia-vi: . dbr:Acid owl:sameAs dbpedia-vi:Acid . @prefix dbpedia-br: . dbr:Acid owl:sameAs dbpedia-br:Trenkenn . @prefix dbpedia-lmo: . dbr:Acid owl:sameAs dbpedia-lmo:Acid , . @prefix ns20: . dbr:Acid owl:sameAs ns20:Zoer , , , . @prefix dbpedia-pl: . dbr:Acid owl:sameAs dbpedia-pl:Kwasy , . @prefix ns22: . dbr:Acid owl:sameAs ns22:Asidra . @prefix wikidata: . dbr:Acid owl:sameAs wikidata:Q11158 . @prefix dbpedia-fi: . dbr:Acid owl:sameAs dbpedia-fi:Happo . @prefix dbpedia-it: . dbr:Acid owl:sameAs dbpedia-it:Acido . @prefix dbpedia-sk: . dbr:Acid owl:sameAs dbpedia-sk:Kyselina , . @prefix dbpedia-et: . dbr:Acid owl:sameAs dbpedia-et:Hape , , , . @prefix dbpedia-eo: . dbr:Acid owl:sameAs dbpedia-eo:Acido . @prefix ns29: . dbr:Acid owl:sameAs ns29:Kislota . @prefix ns30: . dbr:Acid owl:sameAs ns30:Kiseline , , . @prefix dbpedia-oc: . dbr:Acid owl:sameAs dbpedia-oc:Acid , , , . @prefix ns32: . dbr:Acid owl:sameAs ns32:BaNp , . @prefix dbpedia-sv: . dbr:Acid owl:sameAs dbpedia-sv:Syra . @prefix dbpedia-da: . dbr:Acid owl:sameAs dbpedia-da:Syre , , , , , . @prefix dbpedia-fr: . dbr:Acid owl:sameAs dbpedia-fr:Acide . @prefix dbpedia-sl: . dbr:Acid owl:sameAs dbpedia-sl:Kislina , . @prefix ns37: . dbr:Acid owl:sameAs ns37:Acido . @prefix dbpedia-cy: . dbr:Acid owl:sameAs dbpedia-cy:Asid , , . @prefix dbpedia-tr: . dbr:Acid owl:sameAs dbpedia-tr:Asit , . @prefix dbpedia-cs: . dbr:Acid owl:sameAs dbpedia-cs:Kyseliny , , , . @prefix dbpedia-hr: . dbr:Acid owl:sameAs dbpedia-hr:Kiseline . @prefix dbpedia-sh: . dbr:Acid owl:sameAs dbpedia-sh:Kiselina , , , . @prefix ns43: . dbr:Acid owl:sameAs ns43:Acids , , , , , , , . @prefix dbpedia-id: . dbr:Acid owl:sameAs dbpedia-id:Asam , . @prefix dbpedia-an: . dbr:Acid owl:sameAs dbpedia-an:Acido . @prefix dbpedia-eu: . dbr:Acid owl:sameAs dbpedia-eu:Azido , , . @prefix dbpedia-la: . dbr:Acid owl:sameAs dbpedia-la:Acidum . @prefix dbpedia-sq: . dbr:Acid owl:sameAs dbpedia-sq:Acidi , . @prefix ns49: . dbr:Acid owl:sameAs ns49:Asid , , , , , , , . @prefix dbpedia-gd: . dbr:Acid owl:sameAs dbpedia-gd:Searbhag , , . @prefix dbpedia-nn: . dbr:Acid owl:sameAs dbpedia-nn:Syre , . @prefix dbpedia-af: . dbr:Acid owl:sameAs dbpedia-af:Suur , , . @prefix dbpedia-ro: . dbr:Acid owl:sameAs dbpedia-ro:Acid , , . @prefix ns54: . dbr:Acid owl:sameAs ns54:Asem . @prefix dbpedia-hu: . dbr:Acid owl:sameAs dbpedia-hu:Sav . @prefix ns56: . dbr:Acid owl:sameAs ns56:Asam . @prefix dbp: . @prefix dbt: . dbr:Acid dbp:wikiPageUsesTemplate dbt:Acids_and_bases , dbt:Main , dbt:Use_dmy_dates , dbt:Su , dbt:Anchor , dbt:Short_description , dbt:Redirect-multi , dbt:Reflist , dbt:Authority_control , dbt:About , dbt:Chem2 , dbt:Cite_book , dbt:See_also ; dbo:thumbnail ; dbp:b 4 , 3 ; dbp:p "+"@en , 2 , 3 , "\u2212"@en ; dbo:abstract "Go traidisi\u00FAnta, glactar leis gur aig\u00E9ad at\u00E1 i ngach comhdh\u00FAil cheimiceach ar f\u00E9idir leis, m\u00E1 thuaslagtar san uisce \u00E9, ti\u00FAchan na n-ian hiodrocs\u00F3iniam (H3O+) a ard\u00FA agus ti\u00FAchan na n-ian hiodrocsa\u00EDde (OH-) a \u00EDsli\u00FA d\u00E1 r\u00E9ir. Mar sin, m\u00E1 chuirtear aig\u00E9ad le huisce glan, titfidh pH an uisce sin. Is ionann an sainmh\u00EDni\u00FA traidisi\u00FAnta, a bheag agus a mh\u00F3r, agus an sainmh\u00EDni\u00FA a thug agus ar an aig\u00E9ad beag beann ar a ch\u00E9ile. Is \u00E9ard a bh\u00ED san aig\u00E9ad dar leosan n\u00E1 comhdh\u00FAil a raibh de chlaonadh inti ian hidrigine, n\u00F3 pr\u00F3t\u00F3n - H+ - a dheon\u00FA do chomhdh\u00FAil eile - don bhun. Aig\u00E9id iad, mar shampla, an t-aig\u00E9ad aic\u00E9iteach san fh\u00EDn\u00E9agar agus an t-aig\u00E9ad sulfarach i mbatair\u00ED (cadhnra\u00ED, ceallra\u00ED) na ngluaiste\u00E1n. T\u00E1 imoibri\u00FA an aig\u00E9id leis an mbun difri\u00FAil leis an imoibri\u00FA ocsa\u00EDdi\u00FAch\u00E1in is d\u00ED-ocsa\u00EDdi\u00FAch\u00E1in, n\u00F3 n\u00ED athra\u00EDonn staid ocsa\u00EDdi\u00FAch\u00E1in na n-adamh san imoibri\u00FA aig\u00E9id is buin. Na ceimice\u00E1in arb aig\u00E9id iad, deirtear go bhfuil siad aig\u00E9adach. Is \u00E9 an tomhas at\u00E1 againn ar aig\u00E9adacht an aig\u00E9id n\u00E1 an pKa. Cos\u00FAil leis an pH, is frithlogartam \u00E9 an pKa, agus mar sin, t\u00E9ann an aig\u00E9adacht in airde agus an pKa ag dul in \u00EDsle. Go bun\u00FAsach, is ionann an Ka, n\u00F3 tairiseach d\u00EDthioms\u00FAch\u00E1in an aig\u00E9id, n\u00E1: San fhoirmle seo, is ionann HA agus an t-aig\u00E9ad, agus is ionann A- agus an t-ian di\u00FAltach a fh\u00E1gfar nuair a thabharfaidh an t-aig\u00E9ad an pr\u00F3t\u00F3n uaidh. Seasann na l\u00FAib\u00EDn\u00ED cearnacha don ti\u00FAchan. Mar sin, gheofar an tairiseach d\u00EDthioms\u00FAch\u00E1in, m\u00E1 iolra\u00EDtear ti\u00FAchan an iain seo agus ti\u00FAchan na n-ian hidrigine, agus m\u00E1 roinntear an t-iolrach seo ar thi\u00FAchan na m\u00F3il\u00EDn\u00ED aig\u00E9id. Na luachanna Ka a fhaightear ar an d\u00F3igh seo, n\u00ED bh\u00EDonn siad praitici\u00FAil, \u00E1fach, n\u00F3 b\u00EDonn an iomarca n\u00E1ideanna iontu. Mar sin, is fearr frithlogartam deichi\u00FAil an Ka a \u00FAs\u00E1id, -log10(Ka), n\u00F3 pKa. M\u00E1s ionann an Ka agus 0.001, n\u00F3 10-3, is ionann an Ka agus 3."@ga , "In chimica, un acido \u00E8 una molecola o ione in grado di donare uno ione idrogeno H+, o in grado di formare un legame covalente con una coppia di elettroni (acido di Lewis). La definizione di acido e quella corrispondente di base hanno subito diverse modifiche nel tempo, partendo da un approccio empirico e sperimentale fino alle pi\u00F9 recenti definizioni, sempre pi\u00F9 generali, legate al modello molecolare a orbitali. Nell'accezione comune, il termine \"acido\" identifica sostanze generalmente irritanti e corrosive, capaci di intaccare i metalli e il marmo (sviluppando rispettivamente idrogeno e anidride carbonica) e di far virare al rosso una cartina al tornasole. Esempi di sostanze acide sono l'aceto, l'acido muriatico e il succo di limone. Gli acidi sono generalmente divisi in acidi forti e acidi deboli. Un indice della forza di un acido, funzione della sua natura e della sua concentrazione, \u00E8 il pH. Nell'ambito della chimica inorganica di base, per rimarcare la differenza tra le due tipologie di acidi inorganici (ossiacidi e idracidi) si fa spesso ricorso a schemi semplificati del tipo: anidride + acqua \u2192 ossiacidoidrogeno + non-metallo \u2192 idracido Ovvero un ossiacido si forma facendo reagire l'anidride corrispondente con acqua (ad esempio l'anidride solforica combinandosi con acqua forma acido solforico), mentre dalla reazione chimica tra un non-metallo e idrogeno si forma l'idracido corrispondente (ad esempio l'acido fluoridrico si forma dalla combinazione del fluoro con l'idrogeno)."@it , "Un \u00E1cido (del lat\u00EDn acidus, que significa agrio) es cualquier compuesto qu\u00EDmico que, cuando se disuelve en agua, produce una soluci\u00F3n con una actividad de cati\u00F3n hidronio mayor que el agua pura, esto es, un pH menor que 7.\u200BEsto se aproxima a la definici\u00F3n moderna de Johannes Nicolaus Br\u00F8nsted y Thomas Martin Lowry, quienes definieron independientemente un \u00E1cido como un compuesto que dona un cati\u00F3n hidr\u00F3geno (H+) a otro compuesto (denominado base). Algunos ejemplos comunes son el \u00E1cido ac\u00E9tico (en el vinagre), el \u00E1cido clorh\u00EDdrico (en el salfum\u00E1n y los jugos g\u00E1stricos), el \u00E1cido acetilsalic\u00EDlico (en la aspirina), o el \u00E1cido sulf\u00FArico (usado en bater\u00EDas de autom\u00F3vil). Los sistemas \u00E1cido/base se diferencian de las reacciones redox en que, en estas \u00FAltimas hay un cambio en el estado de oxidaci\u00F3n. Los \u00E1cidos pueden existir en forma de s\u00F3lidos, l\u00EDquidos o gases, dependiendo de la temperatura y tambi\u00E9n pueden existir como sustancias puras o en soluci\u00F3n."@es , "\u9178\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1Aacid\uFF0C\u6709\u65F6\u7528\u201CHA\u201D\u8868\u793A\uFF09\u3002\u963F\u745E\u5C3C\u65AF\u9178\u7684\u5B9A\u4E49\u662F\u5F53\u6EB6\u89E3\u5728\u6C34\u4E2D\u65F6\uFF0C\u6EB6\u6DB2\u4E2D\u6C22\u79BB\u5B50\u7684\u6D53\u5EA6\u5927\u4E8E\u7EAF\u6C34\u4E2D\u6C22\u79BB\u5B50\u6D53\u5EA6\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\u3002\u6362\u53E5\u8BDD\u8BF4\uFF0C\u9178\u6027\u6EB6\u6DB2\u7684pH\u503C\u5C0F\u4E8E\u6C34\u7684pH\u503C\uFF0825\u2103\u65F6\u4E3A\u6C34\u7684pH\u503C\u662F7\uFF09\u3002\u9178\u4E00\u822C\u5448\u9178\u5473\uFF0C\u4F46\u662F\u54C1\u5C1D\u9178\uFF08\u5C24\u5176\u662F\u9AD8\u6D53\u5EA6\u7684\u9178\uFF09\u662F\u975E\u5E38\u975E\u5E38\u5371\u96AA\u7684\u3002\u9178\u53EF\u4EE5\u548C\u78B1\u53D1\u751F\u4E2D\u548C\u4F5C\u7528\uFF0C\u751F\u6210\u6C34\u548C\u76D0\u3002\u9178\u53EF\u5206\u4E3A\u65E0\u673A\u9178\u548C\u6709\u673A\u9178\u4E24\u79CD\u3002\u4E0E\u76F8\u5BF9\u7684\u4E00\u79CD\u7269\u8D28\u662F\u9E7C\u3002 \n* \u6C2B\u6C2F\u9178\u3001\u786B\u9178\u548C\u785D\u9178\u90FD\u88AB\u7A31\u70BA\u7926\u9178\uFF0C\u56E0\u70BA\u5B83\u5011\u5F9E\u524D\u90FD\u662F\u900F\u904E\u7926\u7269\u88FD\u5F97\u7684\u3002 \n* \u6FC3\u9178\u5177\u8150\u8755\u6027\uFF0C\u800C\u7A00\u9178\u5247\u5177\u523A\u6FC0\u6027\uFF08\u7A00\u6C2B\u6C1F\u9178\u4E5F\u5177\u6709\u8150\u8755\u73BB\u7483\u7684\u80FD\u529B\uFF09\u3002"@zh , "En syra (latin: acidum) definieras vanligtvis som ett \u00E4mne som genom dissociation kan avge protoner (v\u00E4tejoner). Om en syra tillf\u00F6rs till vatten bildas en sur l\u00F6sning, med pH under 7. M\u00E5nga \u00E4mnen har f\u00F6rm\u00E5gan att i st\u00F6rre eller mindre utstr\u00E4ckning kunna avge protoner. Man delar in syror i olika grupper dels beroende p\u00E5 hur m\u00E5nga protoner de kan avge (en- respektive flerprotoniga syror) i en l\u00F6sning (oftast iakttaget i vattenl\u00F6sning), dels i hur h\u00F6g grad dissociationen sker (svaga respektive starka syror). Till exempel citronsyra har inte s\u00E5 stor ben\u00E4genhet att avge protoner och betecknas d\u00E4rf\u00F6r som en svag syra, medan saltsyra avger alla sina protoner och betecknas d\u00E4rf\u00F6r som en stark syra. Det finns \u00E4ven syror som kan betecknas som medelstarka syror; en s\u00E5dan \u00E4r fosforsyra. Syrans styrka anges genom syrakonstanten, en form av j\u00E4mviktskonstant. En svag eller medelstark syra kan tillsammans med en korresponderande bas bilda ett buffertsystem."@sv , "Azidoek (sarritan HA [H+A-] formula generikoaren bidez adierazten dira) hainbat definizio izan dituzte denboran zehar. Gehien onartutako definizioaren arabera, azido deitzen diren konposatuak base deritzen konposatuei hidrogeno-ioi bat (H+) ematen dietenak dira. Eguneroko bizimoduan azido ugari erabiltzen dira, esaterako azido azetikoa (ozpinean dagoena) eta azido sulfurikoa (autoen baterietan erabiltzen dena). Azido/base sistemak ez dute zerikusirik erredox sistemekin, lehenetan ez baitago aldaketarik oxidazio-egoeran. Azidoen pH maila (hidrogeno potentziala) 7 baino txikiagoa da, are eta azidoagoa, pH txikiagoa."@eu , "\u041A\u0438\u0441\u043B\u043E\u0301\u0442\u0438, \u0443 \u043A\u043B\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0447\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u0432\u0438\u0437\u043D\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043D\u043D\u0456 \u2014 \u0435\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0440\u043E\u043B\u0456\u0442\u0438, \u044F\u043A\u0456 \u043F\u0440\u0438 \u0440\u043E\u0437\u0447\u0438\u043D\u0435\u043D\u043D\u0456 \u0432 \u0439\u043E\u043D\u0456\u0437\u0443\u044E\u0447\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u0440\u043E\u0437\u0447\u0438\u043D\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0443 (\u043D\u0430\u043F\u0440\u0438\u043A\u043B\u0430\u0434, \u0443 \u0432\u043E\u0434\u0456), \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043E\u0446\u0456\u044E\u044E\u0442\u044C \u0437 \u0443\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F\u043C \u0456\u043E\u043D\u0456\u0432 \u0432\u043E\u0434\u043D\u044E (\u0430\u0431\u043E \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u043E\u043D\u0430 \u041D+), \u0442\u0430\u043A\u0438\u043C \u0447\u0438\u043D\u043E\u043C \u0437\u043D\u0438\u0436\u0443\u044E\u0447\u0438 \u043A\u0438\u0441\u043B\u043E\u0442\u043D\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0440\u043E\u0437\u0447\u0438\u043D\u0443 \u0434\u043E \u0432\u0435\u043B\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043D\u0438 \u043C\u0435\u043D\u0448\u0435 \u043D\u0456\u0436 pH 7,0."@uk , "Un \u00E0cid (del llat\u00ED acidus, 'agre') \u00E9s considerat tradicionalment com qualsevol compost qu\u00EDmic que, quan es dissol en aigua, produeix una soluci\u00F3 amb una activitat de cati\u00F3 oxidani o oxoni, , major que l'aigua pura, \u00E9s a dir, un pH menor que 7. Aix\u00F2 s'aproxima a la definici\u00F3 moderna de Johannes Nicolaus Br\u00F8nsted i Thomas Martin Lowry, que van definir de manera independent un \u00E0cid com un compost que dona un cati\u00F3 hidrogen (H+) a un altre compost (denominat base). Alguns exemples comuns s\u00F3n l'\u00E0cid ac\u00E8tic (al vinagre), l'\u00E0cid clorh\u00EDdric (al salfumant i als sucs g\u00E0strics), l'\u00E0cid acetilsalic\u00EDlic (a l'aspirina) o l'\u00E0cid sulf\u00FAric (usat en bateries d'autom\u00F2bil). Els sistemes \u00E0cid/base es diferencien de les reaccions redox en el fet que, en aquestes \u00FAltimes, hi ha un canvi en l'estat d'oxidaci\u00F3. Els \u00E0cids poden existir en forma de s\u00F2lids, l\u00EDquids o gasos segons de la temperatura, i tamb\u00E9 poden existir com a subst\u00E0ncies pures o en soluci\u00F3. Les subst\u00E0ncies qu\u00EDmiques que tenen la propietat d'un \u00E0cid es denominen \u00E0cides."@ca , "\uC0B0(\u9178, acid)\uC740 \uC77C\uBC18\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uBB3C\uC5D0 \uB179\uC558\uC744 \uB54C\uC5D0 pH\uAC00 7\uBCF4\uB2E4 \uB0AE\uC740 \uBB3C\uC9C8\uC774\uB2E4. \uD654\uD559\uC801\uC73C\uB85C\uB294 \uBB3C\uC5D0 \uB179\uC558\uC744 \uB54C \uC774\uC628\uD654\uD558\uC5EC \uC218\uC18C \uC774\uC628 H+\uC744 \uB0B4\uB193\uB294 \uBB3C\uC9C8\uC744 \uB9D0\uD55C\uB2E4. \uC0B0\uC740 \uC804\uD574\uC9C8\uC774\uACE0 \uC77C\uBC18\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uC2E0\uB9DB\uC774 \uB098\uBA70, \uC5FC\uAE30\uC640 \uC911\uD654\uBC18\uC751\uC744 \uD55C\uB2E4. \uB610\uD55C \uC218\uC18C\uBCF4\uB2E4 \uC774\uC628\uD654 \uACBD\uD5A5\uC774 \uB192\uC740 \uAE08\uC18D\uACFC \uBC18\uC751\uD558\uC5EC \uC218\uC18C\uAE30\uCCB4\uB97C \uBC1C\uC0DD\uD55C\uB2E4. \uC0B0\uC758 \uB300\uD45C\uC801\uC778 \uC608\uB85C\uB294 \uAC15\uC0B0\uC778 \uC5FC\uC0B0(HCl), \uD669\uC0B0(H2SO4), \uC9C8\uC0B0(HNO3), \uC57D\uC0B0\uC778 \uC544\uC138\uD2B8\uC0B0(CH3COOH), \uD0C4\uC0B0(H2CO3)\uC774 \uC788\uB2E4."@ko , "Un acide est un compos\u00E9 chimique min\u00E9ral ou organique accepteur, au sens large, de doublets \u00E9lectroniques. Il est g\u00E9n\u00E9ralement d\u00E9fini par des r\u00E9actions-types dans diff\u00E9rents solvants, en particulier en lib\u00E9rant l'ion hydronium dans l'eau. Les acides r\u00E9agissent souvent en d\u00E9gageant de l'\u00E9nergie avec d'autres compos\u00E9s chimiques appel\u00E9s bases (les alcalis des Anciens), qui, elles, donnent des doublets \u00E9lectroniques et ont le pouvoir de g\u00E9n\u00E9rer, en tout ou partie, l'ion hydroxyle dans l'eau. Les acides forts, dans un milieu solvant donn\u00E9, initient des r\u00E9actions compl\u00E8tes et rapides, transformant le solvant en sa forme la plus acide ; les acides faibles contribuent \u00E0 des r\u00E9actions \u00E9quilibr\u00E9es. L'existence de plusieurs fonctionnalit\u00E9s acides au sein d'un m\u00EAme compos\u00E9 chimique caract\u00E9rise les polyacides. Dans le cadre de la th\u00E9orie de Br\u00F8nsted-Lewis, le pH d'une solution obtenue en dissolvant un acide dans l'eau est inf\u00E9rieur \u00E0 sept. Les acides sont connus depuis l'Antiquit\u00E9 pour leur pouvoir de dissolution des m\u00E9taux, ainsi que, de mani\u00E8re plus floue avant Lavoisier, le pouvoir de neutraliser les solutions alcalines. Le chimiste britannique Boyle les identifiait au XVIIe si\u00E8cle par leur capacit\u00E9 \u00E0 rougir la teinture de tournesol, mais aussi par leur surprenant pouvoir de pr\u00E9cipiter le soufre de ses solutions alcalines."@fr , "\u03A4\u03B1 \u03BF\u03BE\u03AD\u03B1 (\u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03BB\u03B1\u03C4\u03B9\u03BD\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03BB\u03AD\u03BE\u03B7 acidus, \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C3\u03B7\u03BC\u03B1\u03AF\u03BD\u03B5\u03B9 \u00AB\u03BE\u03B9\u03BD\u03CC\u00BB) \u03B5\u03AF\u03BD\u03B1\u03B9 \u03AD\u03BD\u03B1 \u03C3\u03CD\u03BD\u03BF\u03BB\u03BF \u03C7\u03B7\u03BC\u03B9\u03BA\u03CE\u03BD \u03BF\u03C5\u03C3\u03B9\u03CE\u03BD \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03B5\u03BC\u03C6\u03B1\u03BD\u03AF\u03B6\u03B5\u03B9 \u03AD\u03BD\u03B1 \u03C3\u03CD\u03BD\u03BF\u03BB\u03BF \u03BA\u03BF\u03B9\u03BD\u03CE\u03BD \u03B9\u03B4\u03B9\u03BF\u03C4\u03AE\u03C4\u03C9\u03BD, \u03B3\u03BD\u03C9\u03C3\u03C4\u03CE\u03BD \u03C9\u03C2 \u00AB\u03CC\u03BE\u03B9\u03BD\u03BF\u03C2 \u03C7\u03B1\u03C1\u03B1\u03BA\u03C4\u03AE\u03C1\u03B1\u03C2\u00BB \u03AE \u00AB\u03CC\u03BE\u03B9\u03BD\u03B7 \u03B1\u03BD\u03C4\u03AF\u03B4\u03C1\u03B1\u03C3\u03B7\u00BB. \u039F\u03B9 \u03C0\u03B9\u03BF \u03C7\u03B1\u03C1\u03B1\u03BA\u03C4\u03B7\u03C1\u03B9\u03C3\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AD\u03C2 \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03B1\u03C5\u03C4\u03AD\u03C2 \u03B5\u03AF\u03BD\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B7 \u03CC\u03BE\u03B9\u03BD\u03B7 \u03B3\u03B5\u03CD\u03C3\u03B7, \u03B7 \u03B9\u03BA\u03B1\u03BD\u03CC\u03C4\u03B7\u03C4\u03B1 \u03BD\u03B1 \u03B1\u03BB\u03BB\u03AC\u03B6\u03BF\u03C5\u03BD \u03C4\u03BF \u03C7\u03C1\u03CE\u03BC\u03B1 \u03BF\u03BE\u03B5\u03BF\u03B2\u03B1\u03C3\u03B9\u03BA\u03CE\u03BD \u03B4\u03B5\u03B9\u03BA\u03C4\u03CE\u03BD, \u03CC\u03C0\u03C9\u03C2 \u03C4\u03BF \u03B2\u03AC\u03BC\u03BC\u03B1 \u03B7\u03BB\u03B9\u03BF\u03C4\u03C1\u03BF\u03C0\u03AF\u03BF\u03C5, \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03B1\u03BB\u03BB\u03AC\u03B6\u03B5\u03B9 \u03C7\u03C1\u03CE\u03BC\u03B1 \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03BC\u03C0\u03BB\u03B5 \u03C3\u03B5 \u03BA\u03CC\u03BA\u03BA\u03B9\u03BD\u03BF, \u03C0\u03B1\u03C1\u03BF\u03C5\u03C3\u03AF\u03B1 \u03BF\u03BE\u03AD\u03C9\u03BD. \u0395\u03C0\u03AF\u03C3\u03B7\u03C2, \u03C4\u03B1 \u03BF\u03BE\u03AD\u03B1 \u03AD\u03C7\u03BF\u03C5\u03BD \u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03B9\u03BA\u03B1\u03BD\u03CC\u03C4\u03B7\u03C4\u03B1 \u03BD\u03B1 \u03B1\u03BD\u03C4\u03B9\u03B4\u03C1\u03BF\u03CD\u03BD \u03BC\u03B5 \u03B2\u03AC\u03C3\u03B5\u03B9\u03C2, \u03B1\u03BD\u03B8\u03C1\u03B1\u03BA\u03B9\u03BA\u03AC \u03AC\u03BB\u03B1\u03C4\u03B1 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03BF\u03C1\u03B9\u03C3\u03BC\u03AD\u03BD\u03B1 \u03BC\u03AD\u03C4\u03B1\u03BB\u03BB\u03B1, \u03CC\u03C0\u03C9\u03C2 \u03C4\u03BF \u03B1\u03C3\u03B2\u03AD\u03C3\u03C4\u03B9\u03BF, \u03C3\u03C7\u03B7\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03AF\u03B6\u03BF\u03BD\u03C4\u03B1\u03C2 \u03AC\u03BB\u03B1\u03C4\u03B1. \u03A4\u03B1 \u03C5\u03B4\u03B1\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AC \u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03BB\u03CD\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03B1 \u03C4\u03C9\u03BD \u03BF\u03BE\u03AD\u03C9\u03BD \u03AD\u03C7\u03BF\u03C5\u03BD pH < 7. \u0388\u03BD\u03B1 \u03C7\u03B1\u03BC\u03B7\u03BB\u03CC\u03C4\u03B5\u03C1\u03BF pH, \u03C3\u03B7\u03BC\u03B1\u03AF\u03BD\u03B5\u03B9 \u03BC\u03B9\u03B1 \u03C5\u03C8\u03B7\u03BB\u03CC\u03C4\u03B5\u03C1\u03B7 \u03BF\u03BE\u03CD\u03C4\u03B7\u03C4\u03B1, \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03AD\u03C4\u03C3\u03B9 \u03BC\u03B9\u03B1 \u03C5\u03C8\u03B7\u03BB\u03CC\u03C4\u03B5\u03C1\u03B7 \u03C3\u03C5\u03B3\u03BA\u03AD\u03BD\u03C4\u03C1\u03C9\u03C3\u03B7 \u03C3\u03C4\u03BF \u03B4\u03B9\u03AC\u03BB\u03C5\u03BC\u03B1. \u039F\u03B9 \u03C7\u03B7\u03BC\u03B9\u03BA\u03AD\u03C2 \u03BF\u03C5\u03C3\u03AF\u03B5\u03C2 \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03AD\u03C7\u03BF\u03C5\u03BD \u00AB\u03CC\u03BE\u03B9\u03BD\u03BF \u03C7\u03B1\u03C1\u03B1\u03BA\u03C4\u03AE\u03C1\u03B1\u00BB, \u03B4\u03B7\u03BB\u03B1\u03B4\u03AE \u03B9\u03B4\u03B9\u03CC\u03C4\u03B7\u03C4\u03B5\u03C2 \u03BF\u03BE\u03AD\u03C9\u03BD, \u03BB\u03AD\u03B3\u03BF\u03BD\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u00AB\u03CC\u03BE\u03B9\u03BD\u03B5\u03C2\u00BB. \u03A3\u03C5\u03BD\u03B7\u03B8\u03B9\u03C3\u03BC\u03AD\u03BD\u03B1 \u03C0\u03B1\u03C1\u03B1\u03B4\u03B5\u03AF\u03B3\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03B1 \u03BF\u03BE\u03AD\u03C9\u03BD \u03C0\u03B5\u03C1\u03B9\u03BB\u03B1\u03BC\u03B2\u03AC\u03BD\u03BF\u03C5\u03BD \u03C4\u03BF \u03C5\u03B4\u03C1\u03BF\u03C7\u03BB\u03C9\u03C1\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC \u03BF\u03BE\u03CD, \u03AD\u03BD\u03B1 \u03B4\u03B9\u03AC\u03BB\u03C5\u03BC\u03B1 \u03C5\u03B4\u03C1\u03BF\u03C7\u03BB\u03C9\u03C1\u03AF\u03BF\u03C5, \u03C4\u03BF \u03BF\u03C0\u03BF\u03AF\u03BF \u03B2\u03C1\u03AF\u03C3\u03BA\u03B5\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C3\u03C4\u03BF \u03B3\u03B1\u03C3\u03C4\u03C1\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC \u03BF\u03BE\u03CD, \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03B2\u03C1\u03AF\u03C3\u03BA\u03B5\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C3\u03C4\u03BF \u03C3\u03C4\u03BF\u03BC\u03AC\u03C7\u03B9 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B5\u03BD\u03B5\u03C1\u03B3\u03BF\u03C0\u03BF\u03B9\u03B5\u03AF \u03BF\u03C1\u03B9\u03C3\u03BC\u03AD\u03BD\u03B1 , \u03C4\u03BF \u03B1\u03B9\u03B8\u03B1\u03BD\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC \u03BF\u03BE\u03CD, \u03BC\u03B5 \u03C4\u03BF \u03B3\u03BD\u03C9\u03C3\u03C4\u03CC \u03BE\u03AF\u03B4\u03B9 \u03BD\u03B1 \u03B1\u03C0\u03BF\u03C4\u03B5\u03BB\u03B5\u03AF \u03B1\u03C1\u03B1\u03B9\u03CC \u03B4\u03B9\u03AC\u03BB\u03C5\u03BC\u03B1 \u03B1\u03C5\u03C4\u03BF\u03CD \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C5\u03B3\u03C1\u03BF\u03CD, \u03C4\u03BF \u03B8\u03B5\u03B9\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC \u03BF\u03BE\u03CD, \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C7\u03C1\u03B7\u03C3\u03B9\u03BC\u03BF\u03C0\u03BF\u03B9\u03AE\u03B8\u03B7\u03BA\u03B5 \u03C3\u03B5 , \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C4\u03BF \u03C4\u03C1\u03C5\u03B3\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC \u03BF\u03BE\u03CD, \u03AD\u03BD\u03B1 \u03C3\u03C4\u03B5\u03C1\u03B5\u03CC \u03BF\u03BE\u03CD \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C7\u03C1\u03B7\u03C3\u03B9\u03BC\u03BF\u03C0\u03BF\u03B9\u03B5\u03AF\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C3\u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C3\u03C4\u03B7 \u03B6\u03B1\u03C7\u03B1\u03C1\u03BF\u03C0\u03BB\u03B1\u03C3\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE. \u0391\u03C5\u03C4\u03AC \u03C4\u03B1 \u03C0\u03B1\u03C1\u03B1\u03B4\u03B5\u03AF\u03B3\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03B1 \u03B4\u03B5\u03AF\u03C7\u03BD\u03BF\u03C5\u03BD \u03CC\u03C4\u03B9 \u03C4\u03B1 \u03BF\u03BE\u03AD\u03B1 \u03BC\u03C0\u03BF\u03C1\u03BF\u03CD\u03BD \u03BD\u03B1 \u03B5\u03AF\u03BD\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03BB\u03CD\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03B1 \u03AE \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B8\u03B1\u03C1\u03AD\u03C2 \u03C7\u03B7\u03BC\u03B9\u03BA\u03AD\u03C2 \u03BF\u03C5\u03C3\u03AF\u03B5\u03C2, \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03BC\u03C0\u03BF\u03C1\u03B5\u03AF \u03BD\u03B1 \u03B5\u03AF\u03BD\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C3\u03B5 \u03B1\u03AD\u03C1\u03B9\u03B1, \u03C5\u03B3\u03C1\u03AE \u03AE \u03C3\u03C4\u03B5\u03C1\u03B5\u03AC \u03BA\u03B1\u03C4\u03AC\u03C3\u03C4\u03B1\u03C3\u03B7. \u03A4\u03B1 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03BA\u03AC\u03C0\u03BF\u03B9\u03B1 \u03C0\u03C5\u03BA\u03BD\u03AC \u03B1\u03C3\u03B8\u03B5\u03BD\u03AE \u03BF\u03BE\u03AD\u03B1 \u03B5\u03AF\u03BD\u03B1\u03B9 , \u03B1\u03BB\u03BB\u03AC \u03C5\u03C0\u03AC\u03C1\u03C7\u03BF\u03C5\u03BD \u03BA\u03AC\u03C0\u03BF\u03B9\u03B5\u03C2 \u03B5\u03BE\u03B1\u03B9\u03C1\u03AD\u03C3\u03B5\u03B9\u03C2, \u03CC\u03C0\u03C9\u03C2 \u03C4\u03B1 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C4\u03BF \u03B2\u03BF\u03C1\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC \u03BF\u03BE\u03CD. \u03A5\u03C0\u03AC\u03C1\u03C7\u03BF\u03C5\u03BD \u03C4\u03C1\u03B5\u03B9\u03C2 (3) \u03C3\u03C5\u03BD\u03B7\u03B8\u03B9\u03C3\u03BC\u03AD\u03BD\u03BF\u03B9 \u03BF\u03C1\u03B9\u03C3\u03BC\u03BF\u03AF \u03B3\u03B9\u03B1 \u03C4\u03B1 \u03BF\u03BE\u03AD\u03B1: 1. \n* \u039F \u03BF\u03C1\u03B9\u03C3\u03BC\u03CC\u03C2 \u03BA\u03B1\u03C4' \u0391\u03C1\u03C1\u03AD\u03BD\u03B9\u03BF\u03C5\u03C2, \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03BF\u03C1\u03AF\u03B6\u03B5\u03B9 \u03C9\u03C2 \u03BF\u03BE\u03AD\u03B1 \u03C4\u03B1 \u03BC\u03CC\u03C1\u03B9\u03B1, \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03CC\u03C4\u03B1\u03BD \u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03BB\u03CD\u03BF\u03BD\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C3\u03C4\u03BF \u03BD\u03B5\u03C1\u03CC, \u03B1\u03C5\u03BE\u03AC\u03BD\u03BF\u03C5\u03BD \u03C4\u03B7 \u03C3\u03C5\u03B3\u03BA\u03AD\u03BD\u03C4\u03C1\u03C9\u03C3\u03B7 \u03C4\u03C9\u03BD \u03C5\u03B4\u03C1\u03BF\u03B3\u03BF\u03BD\u03BF\u03BA\u03B1\u03C4\u03B9\u03CC\u03BD\u03C4\u03C9\u03BD (H+), \u03AE \u03B3\u03B9\u03B1 \u03BC\u03B5\u03B3\u03B1\u03BB\u03CD\u03C4\u03B5\u03C1\u03B7 \u03B1\u03BA\u03C1\u03AF\u03B2\u03B5\u03B9\u03B1, \u03B1\u03C5\u03BE\u03AC\u03BD\u03BF\u03C5\u03BD \u03C4\u03B7 \u03C3\u03C5\u03B3\u03BA\u03AD\u03BD\u03C4\u03C1\u03C9\u03C3\u03B7 \u03C4\u03C9\u03BD \u03C5\u03B4\u03C1\u03BF\u03BE\u03C9\u03BD\u03AF\u03C9\u03BD (H3O+). 2. \n* \u039F \u03BF\u03C1\u03B9\u03C3\u03BC\u03CC\u03C2 \u03BA\u03B1\u03C4\u03AC \u039C\u03C0\u03C1\u03CC\u03BD\u03C3\u03C4\u03B5\u03BD\u03C4 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u039B\u03CC\u03C1\u03C5, \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03BF\u03C1\u03AF\u03B6\u03B5\u03B9 \u03C9\u03C2 \u03BF\u03BE\u03AD\u03B1 \u03C4\u03B9\u03C2 \u03C7\u03B7\u03BC\u03B9\u03BA\u03AD\u03C2 \u03BF\u03C5\u03C3\u03AF\u03B5\u03C2 \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03BC\u03C0\u03BF\u03C1\u03BF\u03CD\u03BD \u03BD\u03B1 \u03B4\u03C1\u03AC\u03C3\u03BF\u03C5\u03BD \u03C9\u03C2 \u03B4\u03CC\u03C4\u03B5\u03C2 \u03C0\u03C1\u03C9\u03C4\u03BF\u03BD\u03AF\u03C9\u03BD. \u03A3\u03CD\u03BC\u03C6\u03C9\u03BD\u03B1 \u03BC\u03B5 \u03C4\u03BF\u03BD \u03BF\u03C1\u03B9\u03C3\u03BC\u03CC \u03B1\u03C5\u03C4\u03CC \u03BA\u03AC\u03B8\u03B5 \u03C7\u03B7\u03BC\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03BF\u03C5\u03C3\u03AF\u03B1 \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03BC\u03C0\u03BF\u03C1\u03B5\u03AF \u03B5\u03CD\u03BA\u03BF\u03BB\u03B1 \u03BD\u03B1 \u03B1\u03C0\u03BF\u03C0\u03C1\u03C9\u03C4\u03BF\u03BD\u03B9\u03C9\u03B8\u03B5\u03AF \u03BC\u03C0\u03BF\u03C1\u03B5\u03AF \u03BD\u03B1 \u03B8\u03B5\u03C9\u03C1\u03B5\u03AF\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C9\u03C2 \u03AD\u03BD\u03B1 \u03BF\u03BE\u03CD. \u03A0\u03B1\u03C1\u03B1\u03B4\u03B5\u03AF\u03B3\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03B1 \u03C4\u03AD\u03C4\u03BF\u03B9\u03C9\u03BD \u03BF\u03C5\u03C3\u03B9\u03CE\u03BD, \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03B4\u03B5\u03BD \u03C0\u03B5\u03C1\u03B9\u03BB\u03B1\u03BC\u03B2\u03AC\u03BD\u03BF\u03BD\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C3\u03C4\u03BF\u03BD \u03BF\u03C1\u03B9\u03C3\u03BC\u03CC \u03BA\u03B1\u03C4' \u0391\u03C1\u03C1\u03AD\u03BD\u03B9\u03BF\u03C5\u03C2, \u03C0\u03B5\u03C1\u03B9\u03BB\u03B1\u03BC\u03B2\u03AC\u03BD\u03BF\u03C5\u03BD \u03C4\u03B9\u03C2 \u03B1\u03BB\u03BA\u03BF\u03CC\u03BB\u03B5\u03C2 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C4\u03B9\u03C2 \u03B1\u03BC\u03AF\u03BD\u03B5\u03C2, \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C0\u03B5\u03C1\u03B9\u03AD\u03C7\u03BF\u03C5\u03BD \u03BF\u03BC\u03AC\u03B4\u03B5\u03C2 O-\u0397 \u03AE N-H. \u039A\u03B1\u03B9 \u03BF\u03B9 \u03B4\u03C5\u03BF \u03BF\u03BC\u03AC\u03B4\u03B5\u03C2 \u03B5\u03BD\u03CE\u03C3\u03B5\u03C9\u03BD \u03C3\u03C5\u03BC\u03C0\u03B5\u03C1\u03B9\u03C6\u03AD\u03C1\u03BF\u03BD\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C9\u03C2 \u03BF\u03BE\u03AD\u03B1 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C9\u03C2 \u03B2\u03AC\u03C3\u03B5\u03B9\u03C2 \u03BA\u03B1\u03C4\u03AC \u039C\u03C0\u03C1\u03CC\u03BD\u03C3\u03C4\u03B5\u03BD\u03C4 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u039B\u03CC\u03C1\u03C5, \u03B3\u03B9\u03B1\u03C4\u03AF \u03B1\u03BD\u03AC\u03BB\u03BF\u03B3\u03B1 \u03BC\u03B5 \u03C4\u03B9\u03C2 \u03C3\u03C5\u03BD\u03B8\u03AE\u03BA\u03B5\u03C2 \u03BC\u03C0\u03BF\u03C1\u03BF\u03CD\u03BD \u03BD\u03B1 \u03B4\u03CE\u03C3\u03BF\u03C5\u03BD \u03AE \u03BD\u03B1 \u03BB\u03AC\u03B2\u03BF\u03C5\u03BD \u03C0\u03C1\u03C9\u03C4\u03CC\u03BD\u03B9\u03BF. 3. \n* \u039F \u03BF\u03C1\u03B9\u03C3\u03BC\u03CC\u03C2 \u03BA\u03B1\u03C4\u03AC \u039B\u03B9\u03BF\u03CD\u03B9\u03C2, \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03BF\u03C1\u03AF\u03B6\u03B5\u03B9 \u03C9\u03C2 \u03BF\u03BE\u03AD\u03B1 \u03C4\u03B9\u03C2 \u03C7\u03B7\u03BC\u03B9\u03BA\u03AD\u03C2 \u03BF\u03C5\u03C3\u03AF\u03B5\u03C2 \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03BC\u03C0\u03BF\u03C1\u03BF\u03CD\u03BD \u03BD\u03B1 \u03B4\u03C1\u03AC\u03C3\u03BF\u03C5\u03BD \u03C9\u03C2 \u03B4\u03AD\u03BA\u03C4\u03B5\u03C2 \u03B6\u03B5\u03CD\u03B3\u03BF\u03C5\u03C2 \u03B7\u03BB\u03B5\u03BA\u03C4\u03C1\u03BF\u03BD\u03AF\u03C9\u03BD, \u03B3\u03B9\u03B1 \u03BD\u03B1 \u03C3\u03C7\u03B7\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03AF\u03C3\u03BF\u03C5\u03BD \u03AD\u03BD\u03B1\u03BD \u03BF\u03BC\u03BF\u03B9\u03BF\u03C0\u03BF\u03BB\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC \u03B4\u03B5\u03C3\u03BC\u03CC. \u03A0\u03B1\u03C1\u03B1\u03B4\u03B5\u03AF\u03B3\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03B1 \u03C4\u03AD\u03C4\u03BF\u03B9\u03C9\u03BD \u03BF\u03C5\u03C3\u03B9\u03CE\u03BD, \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03B4\u03B5\u03BD \u03C0\u03B5\u03C1\u03B9\u03BB\u03B1\u03BC\u03B2\u03AC\u03BD\u03BF\u03BD\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C3\u03C4\u03BF\u03C5\u03C2 \u03C5\u03C0\u03CC\u03BB\u03BF\u03B9\u03C0\u03BF\u03C5\u03C2 \u03B4\u03CD\u03BF (2) \u03BF\u03C1\u03B9\u03C3\u03BC\u03BF\u03CD\u03C2 \u03BF\u03BE\u03AD\u03C9\u03BD \u03C0\u03B5\u03C1\u03B9\u03BB\u03B1\u03BC\u03B2\u03AC\u03BD\u03BF\u03C5\u03BD \u03CC\u03BB\u03B1 \u03C4\u03B1 \u03BA\u03B1\u03C4\u03B9\u03CC\u03BD\u03C4\u03B1 \u03BC\u03B5\u03C4\u03AC\u03BB\u03BB\u03C9\u03BD, \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03BC\u03CC\u03C1\u03B9\u03B1 \u03BC\u03B5 \u03AD\u03BB\u03BB\u03B5\u03B9\u03BC\u03BC\u03B1 \u03B7\u03BB\u03B5\u03BA\u03C4\u03C1\u03BF\u03BD\u03AF\u03C9\u03BD, \u03CC\u03C0\u03C9\u03C2 \u03C4\u03BF \u03C4\u03C1\u03B9\u03C6\u03B8\u03BF\u03C1\u03B9\u03BF\u03CD\u03C7\u03BF \u03B2\u03CC\u03C1\u03B9\u03BF (BF3) \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C4\u03BF (AlF3)."@el , "Acido (\u011Denerala formulo estas HA a\u016D [H+A\u2212]) difini\u011Das tradicie kiel kemia kombina\u0135o (molekulo a\u016D jono), kiu, kiam solvita en akvo, generas solva\u0135on kun hidrogena jono (protono fakte), kaj tiele kontribuas al acideco pli granda ol tiu de pura akvo, t.e. pH malpli ol 7,0. La\u016D la moderna difino de Johannes Nicolaus Br\u00F8nsted kaj Martin Lowry, \"acido\" estas iun ajn kemia\u0135o, kiu donas hidrogenan jonon (H+) al alia kombina\u0135o, kiu nomi\u011Das \"bazo\". Vulgaraj ekzemploj estas aceta acido (el la vinagro), formika acido (el la formikoj) a\u016D sulfura acido (uzata en veturilaj baterioj).En la sistemoj \"acido/bazo\", ne estas \u015Dan\u011Doj en oksidi\u011Da nombro, kontra\u016De al la redoksaj sistemoj."@eo , "Een zuur is een begrip uit de scheikunde waarvan de definitie een aantal malen aangescherpt is. Zuren zijn de tegenhangers van de basen. Zuren en basen reageren met elkaar in een proces dat neutralisatie genoemd wordt. Een waterige oplossing wordt zuur genoemd wanneer de zuurgraad (pH) lager is dan 7. De menselijke smaak kan veel zure stoffen herkennen. Citroenzuur en azijnzuur zijn bekende voorbeelden van stoffen die een zure smaak geven. In hoge concentraties kunnen zuren schadelijk zijn, met name als de pH lager is dan 1. Onedele metalen als ijzer, zink en magnesium lossen op in zuren als geconcentreerd zoutzuur onder vrijkomen van waterstofgas. In geconcentreerd zoutzuur, salpeterzuur of koningswater lossen ook edelere metalen op, maar dit is alleen mogelijk omdat deze stoffen niet alleen sterke zuren maar ook sterke oxidatoren zijn en het oplossen heeft daarmee niet zo veel met hun zure karakter te maken."@nl , "Kwasy \u2013 zwi\u0105zki chemiczne wykazuj\u0105ce charakter kwasowy, co w zale\u017Cno\u015Bci od definicji mo\u017Ce oznacza\u0107 zdolno\u015B\u0107 do: \n* zakwaszania \u015Brodowiska, tj. obni\u017Cania jego pH (definicja Arrheniusa), \n* dostarczania kation\u00F3w wodorowych (definicja Br\u00F8nsteda-Lowry\u2019ego), \n* przyjmowania pary elektronowej (definicja Lewisa). W najprostszym rozumieniu kwasy to zwi\u0105zki chemiczne zawieraj\u0105ce \u0142atwo dysocjuj\u0105ce atomy wodoru. W roztworach wodnych dysocjuj\u0105 one na kation wodorowy i anion reszty kwasowej. Zwi\u0105zki chemiczne o w\u0142a\u015Bciwo\u015Bciach przeciwnych do kwasowych to zasady."@pl , "S\u00E4uren sind chemische Verbindungen, die in der Lage sind, ein oder auch mehrere ihrer gebundenen H-Atome als Proton (H+) an einen Reaktionspartner zu \u00FCbertragen, der f\u00FCr jedes zu bindende Proton ein freies Elektronenpaar zur Verf\u00FCgung stellen muss.Man spricht dann von Protonen\u00FCbertragungsreaktionen.Dementsprechend werden die Molek\u00FCle, die Protonen binden k\u00F6nnen, auch als Protonenakzeptoren bezeichnet.Zu bedenken bleibt, dass an unterschiedliche Atome gebundene H-Atome auch unterschiedlich leicht als Protonen abgegeben werden k\u00F6nnen. Pauschal spricht man dann von mehr oder weniger stark sauren Protonen bzw. Verbindungen. In rein w\u00E4ssrigen L\u00F6sungen steht als Reaktionspartner, der die Protonen aufnehmen kann, nur das L\u00F6sungsmittel Wasser zur Verf\u00FCgung. Es bilden sich dann Oxonium-Ionen, die auch Hydroniumionen genannt werden (H3O+), und der pH-Wert der L\u00F6sung sinkt.S\u00E4uren reagieren mit sogenannten Basen unter Bildung von Wasser und Salzen. Eine Base ist somit das Gegenst\u00FCck zu einer S\u00E4ure und vermag die S\u00E4ure zu neutralisieren. Im weiteren Sinn beschreiben verschiedene S\u00E4ure-Base-Konzepte wesentlich breitere Paletten von chemischen Reaktionen, die weit \u00FCber die bisher erw\u00E4hnten Reaktionen hinausreichen k\u00F6nnen."@de , "An acid is a molecule or ion capable of either donating a proton (i.e. hydrogen ion, H+), known as a Br\u00F8nsted\u2013Lowry acid, or forming a covalent bond with an electron pair, known as a Lewis acid. The first category of acids are the proton donors, or Br\u00F8nsted\u2013Lowry acids. In the special case of aqueous solutions, proton donors form the hydronium ion H3O+ and are known as Arrhenius acids. Br\u00F8nsted and Lowry generalized the Arrhenius theory to include non-aqueous solvents. A Br\u00F8nsted or Arrhenius acid usually contains a hydrogen atom bonded to a chemical structure that is still energetically favorable after loss of H+. Aqueous Arrhenius acids have characteristic properties that provide a practical description of an acid. Acids form aqueous solutions with a sour taste, can turn blue litmus red, and react with bases and certain metals (like calcium) to form salts. The word acid is derived from the Latin acidus, meaning 'sour'. An aqueous solution of an acid has a pH less than 7 and is colloquially also referred to as \"acid\" (as in \"dissolved in acid\"), while the strict definition refers only to the solute. A lower pH means a higher acidity, and thus a higher concentration of positive hydrogen ions in the solution. Chemicals or substances having the property of an acid are said to be acidic. Common aqueous acids include hydrochloric acid (a solution of hydrogen chloride that is found in gastric acid in the stomach and activates digestive enzymes), acetic acid (vinegar is a dilute aqueous solution of this liquid), sulfuric acid (used in car batteries), and citric acid (found in citrus fruits). As these examples show, acids (in the colloquial sense) can be solutions or pure substances, and can be derived from acids (in the strict sense) that are solids, liquids, or gases. Strong acids and some concentrated weak acids are corrosive, but there are exceptions such as carboranes and boric acid. The second category of acids are Lewis acids, which form a covalent bond with an electron pair. An example is boron trifluoride (BF3), whose boron atom has a vacant orbital that can form a covalent bond by sharing a lone pair of electrons on an atom in a base, for example the nitrogen atom in ammonia (NH3). Lewis considered this as a generalization of the Br\u00F8nsted definition, so that an acid is a chemical species that accepts electron pairs either directly or by releasing protons (H+) into the solution, which then accept electron pairs. Hydrogen chloride, acetic acid, and most other Br\u00F8nsted\u2013Lowry acids cannot form a covalent bond with an electron pair, however, and are therefore not Lewis acids. Conversely, many Lewis acids are not Arrhenius or Br\u00F8nsted\u2013Lowry acids. In modern terminology, an acid is implicitly a Br\u00F8nsted acid and not a Lewis acid, since chemists almost always refer to a Lewis acid explicitly as a Lewis acid."@en , "\u0627\u0644\u062D\u0645\u0636 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u064A \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0643\u064A\u0645\u064A\u0627\u0626\u064A \u064A\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062F \u0627\u0646\u062D\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0627\u062F\u0631\u0627\u064B \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062A\u062D\u0631\u064A\u0631 \u0623\u064A\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064A\u062F\u0631\u0648\u062C\u064A\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062A\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062A)\u060C \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u064A\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0630\u0631\u0627\u062A \u0647\u064A\u062F\u0631\u0648\u062C\u064A\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062A \u0634\u062D\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062C\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062D\u062F\u0629 \u0623\u0648 +1. \u0648 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0643\u062B\u064A\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062D\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u062A\u0648\u062C\u062F \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u064A\u0639\u064A\u0629\u060C \u0648 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064A \u0644\u0644\u062D\u064A\u0627\u0629. \u0641\u062D\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064A\u062F\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0643 (HCl) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064A\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062B\u0627\u0644 \u064A\u062A\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u062A\u0627\u062C\u0647 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062F\u0629 \u0648 \u064A\u0639\u064A\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0636\u0645. \u0648 \u062A\u064F\u0633\u062A\u062E\u062F\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062D\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629\u064D \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629\u064D \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060C \u0648\u0647\u064A \u062C\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062F\u062F\u064D \u0636\u062E\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062A. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u062D\u0627\u0644\u060C \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0643\u062B\u064A\u0631\u0627\u064B \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062D\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0633\u0627\u0645\u0651\u0629\u060C \u0648 \u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062D\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064A\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062A\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062D\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064B \u062D\u0627\u062F\u0629."@ar , "\u9178\uFF08\u3055\u3093\u3001\u82F1: acid\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u3001\u5316\u5B66\u306B\u304A\u3044\u3066\u3001\u5869\u57FA\u3068\u5BFE\u306B\u306A\u3063\u3066\u306F\u305F\u3089\u304F\u7269\u8CEA\u306E\u3053\u3068\u3002"@ja , "\u00C1cido, no \u00E2mbito da qu\u00EDmica, pode se referir a um composto capaz de transferir \u00CDons (H+) numa rea\u00E7\u00E3o qu\u00EDmica (vide \u00E1cido de Br\u00F8nsted), podendo assim diminuir o pH de uma solu\u00E7\u00E3o aquosa, ou a um composto capaz de formar liga\u00E7\u00F5es covalentes (vide \u00E1cido de Lewis) com um par de el\u00E9ctrons. As bases s\u00E3o os an\u00E1logos opostos aos \u00E1cidos. H\u00E1 dois tipos de \u00E1cidos, os hidr\u00E1cidos e os oxi\u00E1cidos (que possuem oxig\u00EAnio em sua composi\u00E7\u00E3o)."@pt , "Asam adalah molekul atau ion yang dapat memberikan proton (ion hidrogen H+), atau, alternatifnya, dapat membentuk ikatan kovalen dengan (asam Lewis). Kategori pertama asam adalah donor proton atau asam Br\u00F8nsted. Pada kasus khusus dalam larutan berair, donor proton membentuk ion hidronium H3O+ dan dikenal sebagai asam Arrhenius. Br\u00F8nsted dan Lowry memperumum teori Arrhenius untuk memasukkan pelarut bukan air. Asam Br\u00F8nsted maupun Arrhenius biasanya memiliki atom hidrogen yang berikatan dengan struktur kimia yang tetap aktif secara energik setelah kehilangan H+. Asam Arrhenius dalam larutan berair memiliki sifat karakteristik yang menyediakan deskripsi praktis dari asam. Asam membentuk larutan berair dengan rasa masam, dapat mengubah lakmus biru menjadi merah, dan bereaksi dengan basa serta berbagai logam (seperti kalsium) membentuk garam. Kata acid (bahasa Inggris dari asam) berasal dari bahasa Latin acidus/ac\u0113re yang berarti masam. Larutan berair asam memiliki pH kurang dari 7 dan larutan ini juga disebut 'asam' dalam konteks sehari-hari (seperti pada frasa 'dilarutkan dalam asam'), sementara definisi ketat asam hanya merujuk pada zat terlarutnya. pH yang lebih rendah bermakna memiliki keasaman yang lebih tinggi, dan juga memiliki konsentrasi ion hidrogen positif yang lebih tinggi di dalam larutan. Larutan berair asam yang umum di antaranya asam klorida (larutan hidrogen klorida yang ditemukan pada asam lambung dan dapat mengaktifkan enzim pencernaan), asam asetat (cuka merupakan larutan berair encer dari cairan ini), asam sulfat (digunakan pada baterai mobil), dan asam sitrat (ditemukan pada buah sitrus). Berdasarkan contoh ini, asam (dalam pandangan umum) dapat berupa larutan maupun bahan kimia murni, serta dapat diturunkan dari asam (dalam pandangan ketat) berbentuk padat, cair, maupun gas. Asam kuat dan beberapa asam lemah terkonsentrasi bersifat korosif, tetapi terdapat pengecualian seperti dan asam borat. Asam kategori kedua adalah asam Lewis, yang membentuk ikatan kovalen dengan pasangan elektron. Salah satunya adalah boron trifluorida (BF3) dengan atom boron memiliki orbital kosong yang dapat membentuk ikatan kovalen melalui pembagian pasangan elektron sunyi pada atom di dalam senyawa basa, sebagai contoh atom nitrogen pada amonia (NH3). Lewis mempertimbangkan teori ini sebagai generalisasi definisi Br\u00F8nsted sehingga asam merupakan spesies kimia yang menerima pasangan elektron baik secara langsung maupun melalui pelepasan proton (H+) ke dalam larutan, yang kemudian menerima pasangan elektron. Akan tetapi, hidrogen klorida, asam asetat, dan kebanyakan asam Br\u00F8nsted-Lowry lainnya tidak dapat membentuk ikatan kovalen dengan pasangan elektron sehingga bukan asam Lewis. Sebaliknya, banyak asam Lewis bukan termasuk asam Arrhenius maupun Br\u00F8nsted-Lowry. Dalam terminologi modern, asam secara implisit merujuk pada asam Br\u00F8nsted dan bukan asam Lewis, mengingat kimiawan hampir selalu merujukkan asam Lewis secara eksplisit sebagai asam Lewis."@in , "Kyseliny jsou chemick\u00E9 l\u00E1tky, jejich\u017E molekuly ve vod\u011B disociuj\u00ED na vod\u00EDkov\u00E9 kationty a anionty kyseliny. Kyselost, \u0159id\u010Deji ozna\u010Dovan\u00E1 term\u00EDnem acidita, se m\u011B\u0159\u00ED nap\u0159\u00EDklad lakmusov\u00FDm pap\u00EDrkem."@cs , "\u041A\u0438\u0441\u043B\u043E\u0301\u0442\u044B \u2014 \u0445\u0438\u043C\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043E\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F, \u0441\u043F\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0431\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u043E\u0442\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044C \u043A\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043E\u043D \u0432\u043E\u0434\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0434\u0430 (\u043A\u0438\u0441\u043B\u043E\u0442\u044B \u0411\u0440\u0451\u043D\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0434\u0430), \u043B\u0438\u0431\u043E \u0441\u043E\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F, \u0441\u043F\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0431\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043D\u0438\u043C\u0430\u0442\u044C \u044D\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0440\u043E\u043D\u043D\u0443\u044E \u043F\u0430\u0440\u0443 \u0441 \u043E\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435\u043C \u043A\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0441\u0432\u044F\u0437\u0438 (\u043A\u0438\u0441\u043B\u043E\u0442\u044B \u041B\u044C\u044E\u0438\u0441\u0430). \u0412 \u0431\u044B\u0442\u0443 \u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0435 \u043F\u043E\u0434 \u043A\u0438\u0441\u043B\u043E\u0442\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u043E\u0431\u044B\u0447\u043D\u043E \u043F\u043E\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u043C\u0435\u0432\u0430\u044E\u0442\u0441\u044F \u043A\u0438\u0441\u043B\u043E\u0442\u044B \u0411\u0440\u0451\u043D\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0434\u0430, \u043E\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u044E\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0432\u043E\u0434\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0430\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u0431\u044B\u0442\u043E\u043A \u0438\u043E\u043D\u043E\u0432 \u0433\u0438\u0434\u0440\u043E\u043A\u0441\u043E\u043D\u0438\u044F H3O+. \u041F\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u044D\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u0438\u043E\u043D\u043E\u0432 \u043E\u0431\u0443\u0441\u043B\u0430\u0432\u043B\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043A\u0438\u0441\u043B\u044B\u0439 \u0432\u043A\u0443\u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0432 \u043A\u0438\u0441\u043B\u043E\u0442, \u0441\u043F\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0431\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C \u043C\u0435\u043D\u044F\u0442\u044C \u043E\u043A\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043A\u0443 \u0438\u043D\u0434\u0438\u043A\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0432 \u0438, \u0432 \u0432\u044B\u0441\u043E\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u043A\u043E\u043D\u0446\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044F\u0445, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0430\u044E\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u043A\u0438\u0441\u043B\u043E\u0442. \u041F\u043E\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u0430\u0442\u043E\u043C\u044B \u0432\u043E\u0434\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0434\u0430 \u043A\u0438\u0441\u043B\u043E\u0442 \u0441\u043F\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0431\u043D\u044B \u0437\u0430\u043C\u0435\u0449\u0430\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u043D\u0430 \u0430\u0442\u043E\u043C\u044B \u043C\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043B\u043B\u043E\u0432 \u0441 \u043E\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435\u043C \u0441\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0439, \u0441\u043E\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043A\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043E\u043D\u044B \u043C\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043B\u043B\u043E\u0432 \u0438 \u0430\u043D\u0438\u043E\u043D\u044B \u043A\u0438\u0441\u043B\u043E\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043E\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043A\u0430."@ru . @prefix gold: . dbr:Acid gold:hypernym dbr:Substance . @prefix prov: . dbr:Acid prov:wasDerivedFrom . @prefix xsd: . dbr:Acid dbo:wikiPageLength "47316"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . @prefix wikipedia-en: . dbr:Acid foaf:isPrimaryTopicOf wikipedia-en:Acid .