. "1069243117"^^ . . . . "Year of the Lash (in Spanish, A\u00F1o del Cuero) is a term used in Cuba in reference to June 29, 1844, when a firing squad in Havana executed accused leaders of the , an alleged slave revolt and movement to abolish slavery in Cuba. The term \"Year of the Lash\" refers generally to the harsh response toward the would-be revolt by Cuban authorities, whereby thousands of Afro-Cubans (both slave and free) were executed, imprisoned, or banished from the island. La Escalera (the ladder) alludes to the fact that slave suspects were bound to ladders and whipped with the lash when they were interrogated."@en . . . . "En la historiograf\u00EDa cubana, el A\u00F1o del Cuero es el nombre dado al a\u00F1o 1844, cuando las autoridades espa\u00F1olas coloniales torturaron y fusilaron a cientos de esclavos para destapar la Conspiraci\u00F3n de la Escalera, una supuesta confabulaci\u00F3n para rebelarse el sistema esclavista que sosten\u00EDa la industria azucarera de Cuba. Ya en los a\u00F1os anteriores se vinieron dando diversos levantamientos entre la poblaci\u00F3n negra, tanto esclava como liberta, entre los cuales cabe destacar la sublevaci\u00F3n del ingenio La Alcanc\u00EDa, en C\u00E1rdenas. Sin embargo, ninguna tuvo la violenta respuesta de las autoridades como la de 1844, de ah\u00ED su nombre; los acusados eran atados a una escalera y molidos a latigazos.\u200B En analog\u00EDa al A\u00F1o del Cuero, el a\u00F1o 1963 fue bautizado como el \u00ABA\u00F1o del Cuero Duro\u00BB por las milicias castristas de la Lucha contra bandidos.\u200B"@es . . . . . "2767"^^ . . . "A\u00F1o del Cuero"@es . . . "8354596"^^ . "En la historiograf\u00EDa cubana, el A\u00F1o del Cuero es el nombre dado al a\u00F1o 1844, cuando las autoridades espa\u00F1olas coloniales torturaron y fusilaron a cientos de esclavos para destapar la Conspiraci\u00F3n de la Escalera, una supuesta confabulaci\u00F3n para rebelarse el sistema esclavista que sosten\u00EDa la industria azucarera de Cuba. Ya en los a\u00F1os anteriores se vinieron dando diversos levantamientos entre la poblaci\u00F3n negra, tanto esclava como liberta, entre los cuales cabe destacar la sublevaci\u00F3n del ingenio La Alcanc\u00EDa, en C\u00E1rdenas. Sin embargo, ninguna tuvo la violenta respuesta de las autoridades como la de 1844, de ah\u00ED su nombre; los acusados eran atados a una escalera y molidos a latigazos.\u200B"@es . . . "Year of the Lash"@en . . . . . . . . . . "Year of the Lash (in Spanish, A\u00F1o del Cuero) is a term used in Cuba in reference to June 29, 1844, when a firing squad in Havana executed accused leaders of the , an alleged slave revolt and movement to abolish slavery in Cuba. The term \"Year of the Lash\" refers generally to the harsh response toward the would-be revolt by Cuban authorities, whereby thousands of Afro-Cubans (both slave and free) were executed, imprisoned, or banished from the island. La Escalera (the ladder) alludes to the fact that slave suspects were bound to ladders and whipped with the lash when they were interrogated. Historians have debated over the years whether the Conspiracy of La Escalera was real or whether it was largely an invention of the Spanish authorities to justify a crackdown on abolitionists and the Afro-Cuban population, though at this point there seems to be a consensus that some kind of revolt was planned. The British consul to Cuba, David Turnbull, was convicted in absentia of being the \"prime mover\" of the conspiracy. Turnbull had already been expelled by Cuban authorities two years earlier."@en . . . . .