. . . . . . "Y\u00E1kov Malkiel (Kiev, 22 de julio de 1914 - 24 de abril de 1998) fue un hispanista y romanista jud\u00EDo ruso naturalizado estadounidense. Nacido en Kiev, en aquel entonces bajo dominio ruso, en una pr\u00F3spera familia de comerciantes jud\u00EDos. Las vicisitudes de la guerra civil rusa hicieron que su familia emigrara a Berl\u00EDn. All\u00ED estudi\u00F3 en el Werner-Siemens-Realgymnasium, en particular poes\u00EDa francesa y lat\u00EDn; se doctor\u00F3 con una tesis sobre el poeta franc\u00E9s Paul Val\u00E9ry. Durante el auge del nazismo se hallaba en la Friedrich-Wilhelms (ahora Humboldt) Universidad de Berl\u00EDn, donde se inclin\u00F3 por la Filolog\u00EDa Rom\u00E1nica, aunque tambi\u00E9n estudi\u00F3 Ling\u00FC\u00EDstica eslava y sem\u00EDtica; tuvo por maestro al hispanista Wilhelm Meyer-L\u00FCbke. Previendo las medidas antijud\u00EDas en las universidades alemanas, aunque \u00E9l no lleg\u00F3 a sufrirlas, antes de que dichas medidas fueran implantadas por Adolf Hitler, emigr\u00F3 a Estados Unidos en 1930. All\u00ED ense\u00F1\u00F3 en varias universidades y se cas\u00F3 con la tambi\u00E9n hispanista argentina Mar\u00EDa Rosa Lida de Malkiel."@es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Yakov Malkiel (* 22. Juli 1914 in Kiew; \u2020 24. April 1998) war ein US-amerikanischer Sprachwissenschaftler und Romanist russisch-j\u00FCdischer Abstammung."@de . . . . "Yakov Malkiel (K\u00EDev, 22 de juliol de 1914 - Berkeley, 24 d'abril de 1998) fou un ling\u00FCista i romanista estatunidenc, jueu d'origen rus."@ca . "\u042F\u043A\u043E\u0432 \u041B\u044C\u0432\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041C\u0430\u043B\u043A\u0438\u0435\u043B\u044C (22 \u0438\u044E\u043B\u044F 1914, \u041A\u0438\u0435\u0432 \u2014 24 \u0430\u043F\u0440\u0435\u043B\u044F 1998, \u0411\u0435\u0440\u043A\u043B\u0438) \u2014 \u0430\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u044D\u0442\u0438\u043C\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433 \u0438 \u0444\u0438\u043B\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433, \u0441\u043F\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0441\u0442 \u043F\u043E \u0440\u043E\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u043C \u044F\u0437\u044B\u043A\u0430\u043C, \u0432 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u043B\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043D\u0441\u043A\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043F\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u043E\u043C\u0443. \u041E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043D\u0430\u043B\u0430 Romance Philology."@ru . "Yakov Malkiel (July 22, 1914 \u2013 April 24, 1998) was a U.S. (Russian-born) Romance etymologist and philologist. His specialty was the development of Latin words, roots, prefixes, and suffixes in modern Romance languages, particularly Spanish. He was the founder of the journal . Malkiel was born in Kyiv to a Russian-Jewish family, and was brought up and educated in Berlin, after the Russian Civil War. Despite an early interest in literature, he ended up studying linguistics at the Humboldt University of Berlin, then known as the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universit\u00E4t. Being a Jew in 1930s Germany was an obstacle to his education, but one he was able to overcome; his family finally emigrated to the United States in 1940. After two years unemployed in New York, Malkiel accepted a one-term appointment at the University of Wyoming in Laramie. In 1943, he was offered an initially temporary position at the University of California, Berkeley, which later was converted to a permanent professorship; Malkiel remained there until his retirement in 1983, teaching in the departments of Spanish and (later) Linguistics. He married Mar\u00EDa Rosa Lida de Malkiel, a philologist and literary critic from Argentina, in 1948. During a period when etymology was receding from prominence in linguistics, Malkiel was both one of its chief champions and most rigorous theorists. Best known for his work on the role of sound in the development of suffixes, Malkiel coined the term to describe the influence in sound words tend to have over the development of their opposites, when antonyms occur in pairs. A major secondary interest was in the history of his field, explored in the pages of Romance Philology and in his last book, Etymology. His work in all fields was characterized by a doggedly comprehensive use of evidence; of his book, Development of the Latin Suffixes -antia and -entia in Romance Languages, influential linguist Leo Spitzer said in a review, \"No one can fail to be impressed by this outstanding example of akribia and scholarly devotion to a task that might have daunted others.\""@en . "\u96C5\u79D1\u592B\u00B7\u9A6C\u5C14\u57FA\u5C14"@zh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u042F\u043A\u043E\u0432 \u041B\u044C\u0432\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041C\u0430\u043B\u043A\u0438\u0435\u043B\u044C (22 \u0438\u044E\u043B\u044F 1914, \u041A\u0438\u0435\u0432 \u2014 24 \u0430\u043F\u0440\u0435\u043B\u044F 1998, \u0411\u0435\u0440\u043A\u043B\u0438) \u2014 \u0430\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u044D\u0442\u0438\u043C\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433 \u0438 \u0444\u0438\u043B\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433, \u0441\u043F\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0441\u0442 \u043F\u043E \u0440\u043E\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u043C \u044F\u0437\u044B\u043A\u0430\u043C, \u0432 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u043B\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043D\u0441\u043A\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043F\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u043E\u043C\u0443. \u041E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043D\u0430\u043B\u0430 Romance Philology."@ru . . . . . . "1112448280"^^ . . . . . . . . . . "\u041C\u0430\u043B\u043A\u0456\u0435\u043B\u044C \u042F\u043A\u0456\u0432 \u041B\u044C\u0432\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0447"@uk . . "Yakov Malkiel (K\u00EDev, 22 de juliol de 1914 - Berkeley, 24 d'abril de 1998) fou un ling\u00FCista i romanista estatunidenc, jueu d'origen rus."@ca . "Yakov Malkiel (* 22. Juli 1914 in Kiew; \u2020 24. April 1998) war ein US-amerikanischer Sprachwissenschaftler und Romanist russisch-j\u00FCdischer Abstammung."@de . . . . . . . . . "Yakov Malkiel"@ca . . "Yakov Malkiel"@de . "Yakov Malkiel (Kiev, 1914ko uztailaren 22a - Berkeley, Kalifornia, 1998ko apirilaren 24a) estatubatuar filologoa eta hizkuntzalaria izan zen, jatorriz judua. Filologia semitikoa, eslaviarra eta erromanikoa ikasi zituen Berlinen (1933-1938), eta han lortu zuen doktoregoa 1938an. 1940an Estatu Batuetara ihes egitea lortu zuen. Kaliforniako Unibertsitatean, 1947an, aldizkari ospetsua sortu zuen, eta 1965ean Ameriketako Elkarte Linguistikoko presidente izan zen. Dena dela, Malkiel hizkuntzalaritza historikoaren eta diakronikoaren, hizkuntza erromanikoen eta hizkuntzalaritzaren inguruan egindako lanengatik da ospetsu. Kritika lan ugari egin zuen, eta argitaratzaile gisa ere lan egin zuen. 1988an Malkielen lanaren bibliografia analitiko bat argitaratu zen, eta bere lan zientifikoak ere aurrera jarraitu zuen 1990eko hamarkadaren hasiera arte; osasun arazo larriak izan zituen, eta ikerketak utzi behar izan zituen."@eu . . . . "Yakov Malkiel"@eu . . "4774"^^ . . . . . "\u042F\u043A\u0456\u0432 \u041B\u044C\u0432\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041C\u0430\u043B\u043A\u0456\u0435\u043B\u044C (22 \u043B\u0438\u043F\u043D\u044F 1914, \u041A\u0438\u0457\u0432 \u2014 24 \u043A\u0432\u0456\u0442\u043D\u044F 1998, \u0421\u0428\u0410) \u2014 \u0430\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0435\u0442\u0438\u043C\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433 \u0456 \u0444\u0456\u043B\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433, \u0444\u0430\u0445\u0456\u0432\u0435\u0446\u044C \u0437 \u0440\u043E\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u043C\u043E\u0432, \u0437\u043E\u043A\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0430, \u043B\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0457 \u0442\u0430 \u0456\u0441\u043F\u0430\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0457. \u0419\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0441\u043F\u0435\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044E \u0431\u0443\u043B\u0430 \u0440\u043E\u0437\u0440\u043E\u0431\u043A\u0430 \u043B\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043B\u0456\u0432, \u043A\u043E\u0440\u0435\u043D\u0456\u0432, \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0444\u0456\u043A\u0441\u0456\u0432 \u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0443\u0444\u0456\u043A\u0441\u0456\u0432 \u0441\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043D\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u0440\u043E\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u043C\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043C\u0438, \u0437\u043E\u043A\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0430 \u0456\u0441\u043F\u0430\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u044E. \u0412\u0456\u043D \u0431\u0443\u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u043D\u0438\u043A\u043E\u043C \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043D\u0430\u043B\u0443 \u00AB\u0420\u043E\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0430 \u0444\u0456\u043B\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0456\u044F\u00BB (Romance Philology)."@uk . . . . . "Yakov Malkiel (Kiev, 1914ko uztailaren 22a - Berkeley, Kalifornia, 1998ko apirilaren 24a) estatubatuar filologoa eta hizkuntzalaria izan zen, jatorriz judua. Filologia semitikoa, eslaviarra eta erromanikoa ikasi zituen Berlinen (1933-1938), eta han lortu zuen doktoregoa 1938an. 1940an Estatu Batuetara ihes egitea lortu zuen. Kaliforniako Unibertsitatean, 1947an, aldizkari ospetsua sortu zuen, eta 1965ean Ameriketako Elkarte Linguistikoko presidente izan zen."@eu . . "\u96C5\u79D1\u592B\u00B7\u9A6C\u5C14\u57FA\u5C14 (Yakov Malkiel\uFF0C1914\u5E747\u670822\u65E5\u20131998\u5E744\u670824\u65E5) \u662F\u4E00\u4F4D\u7F8E\u7C4D\u4FC4\u88D4\u7F57\u66FC\u8BED\u8BED\u6E90\u5B66\u5BB6\u548C\u6587\u5B57\u5B66\u5BB6\u3002\u4ED6\u7684\u4E13\u957F\u662F\u7814\u7A76\u73B0\u4EE3\u7F57\u66FC\u8BED\u4E2D\u7684\u62C9\u4E01\u8BCD\u6C47\u3001\u8BCD\u6839\u3001\u524D\u7F00\u540E\u7F00\u3002\u4ED6\u662F\u300A\u7F57\u66FC\u8BED\u6587\u5B57\u5B66\u300B\u671F\u520A\u7684\u521B\u59CB\u4EBA\u3002\u9A6C\u5C14\u57FA\u5C14\u4EE5\u5173\u4E8E\u8BCD\u5C3E\u8BED\u97F3\u53D8\u5316\u7684\u8457\u4F5C\u77E5\u540D\uFF0C\u5F15\u5165\u4E86\u201C\u8BCD\u6C47\u6781\u5316\u201D\u7684\u6982\u5FF5\u3002 \u9A6C\u5C14\u57FA\u5C14\u65E9\u5E74\u5728\u67CF\u6797\u6D2A\u5821\u5927\u5B66\u5B66\u4E60\u4E86\u8BED\u8A00\u5B66\uFF0C1940\u5E74\u968F\u5BB6\u4EBA\u79FB\u6C11\u81F3\u7F8E\u56FD\u30021943\u5E74\u83B7\u52A0\u5DDE\u5927\u5B66\u4F2F\u514B\u83B1\u5206\u6821\u4E34\u65F6\u804C\u4F4D\uFF0C\u76F4\u52301983\u5E74\u9000\u4F11\u4ED6\u4E00\u76F4\u5728\u90A3\u91CC\u6559\u6388\u897F\u73ED\u7259\u8BED\u3002\u4ED6\u4E0E\u540C\u4E00\u5B66\u6821\u7684\u739B\u4E3D\u4E9A\u00B7\u7F57\u838E\u00B7\u8389\u8FBE\u00B7\u5FB7\u00B7\u9A6C\u5C14\u57FA\u5C14\u4E0E1948\u5E74\u7ED3\u5A5A\u3002"@zh . . . . . . "18738051"^^ . . "\u96C5\u79D1\u592B\u00B7\u9A6C\u5C14\u57FA\u5C14 (Yakov Malkiel\uFF0C1914\u5E747\u670822\u65E5\u20131998\u5E744\u670824\u65E5) \u662F\u4E00\u4F4D\u7F8E\u7C4D\u4FC4\u88D4\u7F57\u66FC\u8BED\u8BED\u6E90\u5B66\u5BB6\u548C\u6587\u5B57\u5B66\u5BB6\u3002\u4ED6\u7684\u4E13\u957F\u662F\u7814\u7A76\u73B0\u4EE3\u7F57\u66FC\u8BED\u4E2D\u7684\u62C9\u4E01\u8BCD\u6C47\u3001\u8BCD\u6839\u3001\u524D\u7F00\u540E\u7F00\u3002\u4ED6\u662F\u300A\u7F57\u66FC\u8BED\u6587\u5B57\u5B66\u300B\u671F\u520A\u7684\u521B\u59CB\u4EBA\u3002\u9A6C\u5C14\u57FA\u5C14\u4EE5\u5173\u4E8E\u8BCD\u5C3E\u8BED\u97F3\u53D8\u5316\u7684\u8457\u4F5C\u77E5\u540D\uFF0C\u5F15\u5165\u4E86\u201C\u8BCD\u6C47\u6781\u5316\u201D\u7684\u6982\u5FF5\u3002 \u9A6C\u5C14\u57FA\u5C14\u65E9\u5E74\u5728\u67CF\u6797\u6D2A\u5821\u5927\u5B66\u5B66\u4E60\u4E86\u8BED\u8A00\u5B66\uFF0C1940\u5E74\u968F\u5BB6\u4EBA\u79FB\u6C11\u81F3\u7F8E\u56FD\u30021943\u5E74\u83B7\u52A0\u5DDE\u5927\u5B66\u4F2F\u514B\u83B1\u5206\u6821\u4E34\u65F6\u804C\u4F4D\uFF0C\u76F4\u52301983\u5E74\u9000\u4F11\u4ED6\u4E00\u76F4\u5728\u90A3\u91CC\u6559\u6388\u897F\u73ED\u7259\u8BED\u3002\u4ED6\u4E0E\u540C\u4E00\u5B66\u6821\u7684\u739B\u4E3D\u4E9A\u00B7\u7F57\u838E\u00B7\u8389\u8FBE\u00B7\u5FB7\u00B7\u9A6C\u5C14\u57FA\u5C14\u4E0E1948\u5E74\u7ED3\u5A5A\u3002"@zh . "Y\u00E1kov Malkiel (Kiev, 22 de julio de 1914 - 24 de abril de 1998) fue un hispanista y romanista jud\u00EDo ruso naturalizado estadounidense. Nacido en Kiev, en aquel entonces bajo dominio ruso, en una pr\u00F3spera familia de comerciantes jud\u00EDos. Las vicisitudes de la guerra civil rusa hicieron que su familia emigrara a Berl\u00EDn. All\u00ED estudi\u00F3 en el Werner-Siemens-Realgymnasium, en particular poes\u00EDa francesa y lat\u00EDn; se doctor\u00F3 con una tesis sobre el poeta franc\u00E9s Paul Val\u00E9ry. Durante el auge del nazismo se hallaba en la Friedrich-Wilhelms (ahora Humboldt) Universidad de Berl\u00EDn, donde se inclin\u00F3 por la Filolog\u00EDa Rom\u00E1nica, aunque tambi\u00E9n estudi\u00F3 Ling\u00FC\u00EDstica eslava y sem\u00EDtica; tuvo por maestro al hispanista Wilhelm Meyer-L\u00FCbke. Previendo las medidas antijud\u00EDas en las universidades alemanas, aunque \u00E9l no ll"@es . . "\u042F\u043A\u0456\u0432 \u041B\u044C\u0432\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041C\u0430\u043B\u043A\u0456\u0435\u043B\u044C (22 \u043B\u0438\u043F\u043D\u044F 1914, \u041A\u0438\u0457\u0432 \u2014 24 \u043A\u0432\u0456\u0442\u043D\u044F 1998, \u0421\u0428\u0410) \u2014 \u0430\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0435\u0442\u0438\u043C\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433 \u0456 \u0444\u0456\u043B\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433, \u0444\u0430\u0445\u0456\u0432\u0435\u0446\u044C \u0437 \u0440\u043E\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u043C\u043E\u0432, \u0437\u043E\u043A\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0430, \u043B\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0457 \u0442\u0430 \u0456\u0441\u043F\u0430\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0457. \u0419\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0441\u043F\u0435\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044E \u0431\u0443\u043B\u0430 \u0440\u043E\u0437\u0440\u043E\u0431\u043A\u0430 \u043B\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043B\u0456\u0432, \u043A\u043E\u0440\u0435\u043D\u0456\u0432, \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0444\u0456\u043A\u0441\u0456\u0432 \u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0443\u0444\u0456\u043A\u0441\u0456\u0432 \u0441\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043D\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u0440\u043E\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u043C\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043C\u0438, \u0437\u043E\u043A\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0430 \u0456\u0441\u043F\u0430\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u044E. \u0412\u0456\u043D \u0431\u0443\u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u043D\u0438\u043A\u043E\u043C \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043D\u0430\u043B\u0443 \u00AB\u0420\u043E\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0430 \u0444\u0456\u043B\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0456\u044F\u00BB (Romance Philology)."@uk . . . . . "Y\u00E1kov Malkiel"@es . . . "Yakov Malkiel"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Yakov Malkiel (July 22, 1914 \u2013 April 24, 1998) was a U.S. (Russian-born) Romance etymologist and philologist. His specialty was the development of Latin words, roots, prefixes, and suffixes in modern Romance languages, particularly Spanish. He was the founder of the journal ."@en . . . . . . . . "\u041C\u0430\u043B\u043A\u0438\u0435\u043B\u044C, \u042F\u043A\u043E\u0432 \u041B\u044C\u0432\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0447"@ru . .