. "Vasilij Pavlovi\u010D Mi\u0161in (in russo: \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043B\u0438\u0439 \u041F\u0430\u0432\u043B\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041C\u0438\u0448\u0438\u043D?; Byvalino, 5 gennaio 1917 \u2013 Mosca, 10 ottobre 2001) \u00E8 stato un matematico, ingegnere e ricercatore sovietico, noto per essere stato uno dei pionieri della missilistica nel dopo seconda guerra mondiale."@it . . . . . "\u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0301\u043B\u0438\u0439 \u041F\u0430\u0301\u0432\u043B\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041C\u0438\u0301\u0448\u0438\u043D (5 [18] \u044F\u043D\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044F 1917, \u0434\u0435\u0440. \u0411\u044B\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0438\u043D\u043E, \u0411\u043E\u0433\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0434\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u0435\u0437\u0434, \u041C\u043E\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0432\u0441\u043A\u0430\u044F \u0433\u0443\u0431\u0435\u0440\u043D\u0438\u044F \u2014 10 \u043E\u043A\u0442\u044F\u0431\u0440\u044F 2001, \u041C\u043E\u0441\u043A\u0432\u0430) \u2014 \u043A\u043E\u043D\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043A\u0442\u043E\u0440 \u0440\u0430\u043A\u0435\u0442\u043D\u043E-\u043A\u043E\u0441\u043C\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0438. \u0410\u043A\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043C\u0438\u043A \u0420\u043E\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0430\u043A\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043C\u0438\u0438 \u043D\u0430\u0443\u043A, \u0413\u0435\u0440\u043E\u0439 \u0421\u043E\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0422\u0440\u0443\u0434\u0430. \u041B\u0430\u0443\u0440\u0435\u0430\u0442 \u041B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u043D\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0438\u0438. \u041E\u0434\u0438\u043D \u0438\u0437 \u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u043E\u043F\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0436\u043D\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0432 \u0441\u043E\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u043F\u0440\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u043A\u043E\u0441\u043C\u043E\u043D\u0430\u0432\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0438. \u0421\u043E\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043D\u0438\u043A \u0421. \u041F. \u041A\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043B\u0451\u0432\u0430, \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0434\u043E\u043B\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0435\u0433\u043E \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043E\u0442\u044B \u0432 \u043E\u0431\u043B\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043A\u043E\u0441\u043C\u043E\u043D\u0430\u0432\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0438."@ru . . "Vasily Pavlovich Mishin (Russian: \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0301\u043B\u0438\u0439 \u041F\u0430\u0301\u0432\u043B\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041C\u0438\u0301\u0448\u0438\u043D) (18 January 1917 \u2013 10 October 2001) was a Russian engineer in the Soviet Union, and a prominent rocket pioneer, best remembered for the failures in the Soviet space program that took place under his leadership. Mishin was born in Byvalino, in the Bogorodsky Uyezd of the Moscow Governorate of the Russian Empire, and studied mathematics at the Moscow Aviation Institute. Mishin was a Soviet rocket scientist and one of the first Soviet specialists to see Nazi Germany's V-2 facilities at the end of World War II, along with others such as Sergey Korolev, who preceded him as the OKB-1 design bureau head, and Valentin Glushko, who succeeded him. Mishin worked with Korolev as his deputy in the Experimental Design Bureau working on projects such as the development of the first Soviet ICBM as well in the Sputnik and Vostok programs. He became head of Korolev's OKB-1 design bureau and was the Chief Designer after Korolev's death in 1966, during surgery to remove a tumor from Korolev's colon. He inherited the N1 rocket program, intended to land a man on the Moon, but which turned out to be fatally flawed (largely due to lack of adequate funding). N1 development began on 14 September 1956, a decade before Mishin took control. It was selected for a lunar landing mission, which required a design capable of putting ninety-five tons of cargo into orbit, up from fifty and later seventy-five ton requirements earlier in development. Under Korolev, a precedent of forgoing much of the usual ground testing had been begun. According to Korolev, this was because proper facilities would not be funded, and it would also allow for earlier test flights. Some of the failures Mishin faced during his leadership could have been avoided if further testing had been conducted at this stage. To handle engine failures, the KORD system was created under Mishin. To prevent the rocket from having uneven flight that would result from the unbalanced thrust caused by a malfunctioning motor, the faulty motor and the motor opposite it in the rocket base would be turned off. KORD would also make the calculations necessary to compensate for the missing motors, which would allow the same flight path to be maintained. The N1, despite its necessity for planned missions, was never successfully flown. The first test flight, on 3 February 1969, had internal plumbing issues which led to a fire one minute in. It did, however, demonstrate the KORD system working successfully as well as proper deployment of the ejection safety system. The second launch, on July 3, experienced failure seconds after ignition, causing the rocket to fall back on the Launchpad and create significant damage. The third N1 launch occurred on 22 June 1971, after improvements were made to KORD, the cabling, and fuel pumps, and the addition of an extinguishment system and filters. Before the launch, the individual engines were further tested and the Launchpad was repaired. For the first time all thirty engines of the first stage fired successfully, which was the cause of the failure of the flight. When all engines fired together, it created unexpectedly high roll (rotation along the axis of thrust), which was beyond the strength of the compensating vernier engines, designed to keep stable flight. This was another failure that might have been prevented with proper ground testing. For the fourth and what would become the final flight of the N1, further refinements were made, including four additional vernier engines, additional heat shielding for internal components, a new digital control system, and additional sensors paired with a high speed relay system. The Soviet Space program was now eyeing creating a base on the Moon, but first needed to finally succeed with this design. The launch was on 23 November 1972, with a Mishin approved flight plan to orbit the Moon forty-two times, with flight activities such as taking pictures of future landing sites, before returning to Earth on December 4. The rocket preceded farther than its predecessors, but shortly before the first stage was to separate one engine caught fire, causing the entire structure to explode, but not before the escape system activated. Despite his skills in rocketry, Mishin was not known as an able administrator. He is often blamed for the failure of the program to put a man on the Moon, and faced criticisms for his alcohol consumption. He was described by Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev as \"not [having] the slightest idea how to cope with the many thousands of people, the management of whom had been loaded onto his shoulders, nor make the huge irreversible government machine work for him.\" In May 1967, Yuri Gagarin and Alexei Leonov criticised Mishin's \"poor knowledge of the Soyuz spacecraft and the details of its operation, his lack of cooperation in working with the cosmonauts in flight and training activities\" and asked Nikolai Kamanin for him to be cited in the official report into the Soyuz 1 crash, which killed Vladimir Komarov. Leonov described Mishin as \"hesitant, uninspiring, poor at making decisions, over-reluctant to take risks and bad at managing the cosmonaut corps\" Other failures during his term of leadership were the deaths of the Soyuz 11 crew, the loss of three space stations, and computer failures in four probes sent to Mars. On 15 May 1974, while he was in the hospital, Mishin was replaced by a rival, Chief Engine Designer Valentin Glushko, after all four N1 test launches failed. He continued his educational and research works as the head of rocket department of Moscow Aviation Institute. Vasily Mishin was awarded the title Hero of Socialist Labor for his work with the Soviet space program. He died in Moscow on 10 October 2001 at the age of 84. His diaries, containing information on the program from 1960 to 1974, were purchased by the Perot Foundation in 1993. In 1997 a small part of the collection was donated to the National Air and Space Museum to be put on display, and in 2004 copies were donated to NASA."@en . . . . . . "Vasily Mishin"@en . . . . . . . . "Vasilij Pavlovi\u010D Mi\u0161in"@it . . . . . "1123773102"^^ . "Vasili P\u00E1vlovich Mishin, \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0301\u043B\u0438\u0439 \u041F\u0430\u0301\u0432\u043B\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041C\u0438\u0301\u0448\u0438\u043D (18 de enero de 1917 - 10 de octubre de 2001), fue un ingeniero sovi\u00E9tico y pionero en cohetes. Vasili Mishin fue uno de los primeros especialistas en cohetes sovi\u00E9ticos en ver las instalaciones de las V-2 alemanas en agosto de 1945, al final de la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Trabaj\u00F3 con Serg\u00E9i Koroliov y fue su asistente durante el desarrollo del primer ICBM y los programas Sputnik y Vostok. Intent\u00F3 sin \u00E9xito el aterrizaje de un hombre en la Luna usando el cohete N-1. Fue reemplazado en su puesto por Valent\u00EDn Glushk\u00F3 el 2 de mayo de 1974."@es . "Wasilij Paw\u0142owicz Miszyn (ros. \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043B\u0438\u0439 \u041F\u0430\u0432\u043B\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041C\u0438\u0448\u0438\u043D, ur. 18 stycznia 1917 we wsi Bywalino w guberni moskiewskiej, zm. 10 pa\u017Adziernika 2001 w Moskwie) \u2013 rosyjski konstruktor techniki rakietowej i lotniczej, dyrektor Specjalnego Biura Konstrukcyjnego-1 (OKB-1; obecnie RKK Energia) (1966-1974)."@pl . . . "1917-01-18"^^ . . "Vasily Pavlovich Mishin (\u2730 Moscou; 18 de janeiro de 1917; \u271D Moscou, 10 de outubro de 2001), em russo: \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043B\u0438\u0439 \u041F\u0430\u0432\u043B\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041C\u0438\u0448\u0438\u043D, foi um cientista pioneiro envolvido nas pesquisas sobre foguetes e voos espaciais na Uni\u00E3o Sovi\u00E9tica."@pt . . . . . . . . . . "Vasily Pavlovich Mishin (\u2730 Moscou; 18 de janeiro de 1917; \u271D Moscou, 10 de outubro de 2001), em russo: \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043B\u0438\u0439 \u041F\u0430\u0432\u043B\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041C\u0438\u0448\u0438\u043D, foi um cientista pioneiro envolvido nas pesquisas sobre foguetes e voos espaciais na Uni\u00E3o Sovi\u00E9tica."@pt . . . . . "Vasilij Pavlovi\u010D Mi\u0161in (in russo: \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043B\u0438\u0439 \u041F\u0430\u0432\u043B\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041C\u0438\u0448\u0438\u043D?; Byvalino, 5 gennaio 1917 \u2013 Mosca, 10 ottobre 2001) \u00E8 stato un matematico, ingegnere e ricercatore sovietico, noto per essere stato uno dei pionieri della missilistica nel dopo seconda guerra mondiale."@it . . "3834697"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . "\u041C\u0438\u0448\u0438\u043D, \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043B\u0438\u0439 \u041F\u0430\u0432\u043B\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0447"@ru . "Vasily Pavlovich Mishin (Russian: \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0301\u043B\u0438\u0439 \u041F\u0430\u0301\u0432\u043B\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041C\u0438\u0301\u0448\u0438\u043D) (18 January 1917 \u2013 10 October 2001) was a Russian engineer in the Soviet Union, and a prominent rocket pioneer, best remembered for the failures in the Soviet space program that took place under his leadership. Mishin was born in Byvalino, in the Bogorodsky Uyezd of the Moscow Governorate of the Russian Empire, and studied mathematics at the Moscow Aviation Institute. On 15 May 1974, while he was in the hospital, Mishin was replaced by a rival, Chief Engine Designer Valentin Glushko, after all four N1 test launches failed."@en . . . . . . . . . "2001"^^ . . . . . "\u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0301\u043B\u0438\u0439 \u041F\u0430\u0301\u0432\u043B\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041C\u0438\u0301\u0448\u0438\u043D (5 [18] \u044F\u043D\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044F 1917, \u0434\u0435\u0440. \u0411\u044B\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0438\u043D\u043E, \u0411\u043E\u0433\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0434\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u0435\u0437\u0434, \u041C\u043E\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0432\u0441\u043A\u0430\u044F \u0433\u0443\u0431\u0435\u0440\u043D\u0438\u044F \u2014 10 \u043E\u043A\u0442\u044F\u0431\u0440\u044F 2001, \u041C\u043E\u0441\u043A\u0432\u0430) \u2014 \u043A\u043E\u043D\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043A\u0442\u043E\u0440 \u0440\u0430\u043A\u0435\u0442\u043D\u043E-\u043A\u043E\u0441\u043C\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0438. \u0410\u043A\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043C\u0438\u043A \u0420\u043E\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0430\u043A\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043C\u0438\u0438 \u043D\u0430\u0443\u043A, \u0413\u0435\u0440\u043E\u0439 \u0421\u043E\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0422\u0440\u0443\u0434\u0430. \u041B\u0430\u0443\u0440\u0435\u0430\u0442 \u041B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u043D\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0438\u0438. \u041E\u0434\u0438\u043D \u0438\u0437 \u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u043E\u043F\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0436\u043D\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0432 \u0441\u043E\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u043F\u0440\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u043A\u043E\u0441\u043C\u043E\u043D\u0430\u0432\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0438. \u0421\u043E\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043D\u0438\u043A \u0421. \u041F. \u041A\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043B\u0451\u0432\u0430, \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0434\u043E\u043B\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0435\u0433\u043E \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043E\u0442\u044B \u0432 \u043E\u0431\u043B\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043A\u043E\u0441\u043C\u043E\u043D\u0430\u0432\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0438."@ru . . . . "Wassili Pawlowitsch Mischin (russisch \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043B\u0438\u0439 \u041F\u0430\u0432\u043B\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041C\u0438\u0448\u0438\u043D; * 5. Januarjul. / 18. Januar 1917greg.; \u2020 10. Oktober 2001 in Moskau) war sowjetischer Wissenschaftler und Raketenpionier. Mischin war einer der ersten sowjetischen Raketenfachleute, der die deutschen V2-Fabriken am Ende des Zweiten Weltkrieges besichtigen durfte. Als Stellvertreter Sergei Pawlowitsch Koroljows arbeitete er an den ersten sowjetischen Interkontinentalraketen und am Sputnik- und Wostok-Programm. F\u00FCr seine Arbeit am sowjetischen Weltraumprogramm wurde ihm der Orden \u201EHeld der sozialistischen Arbeit\u201C verliehen."@de . "Vasily Mishin"@en . . "2001-10-10"^^ . . . . . . . . "Wasilij Miszyn"@pl . . "14241"^^ . . . . . . "Vasili Mishin"@es . . "Vassili Pavlovitch Michine (en russe : \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043B\u0438\u0439 \u041F\u0430\u0432\u043B\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041C\u0438\u0448\u0438\u043D), n\u00E9 en 1917 \u00E0 Byvalino pr\u00E8s de Moscou et mort le 10 octobre 2001 \u00E0 Moscou, est un ing\u00E9nieur russe qui a particip\u00E9 au d\u00E9veloppement des premi\u00E8res fus\u00E9es sovi\u00E9tiques. Bras droit de Sergue\u00EF Korolev \u00E0 compter de 1946, il participe dans les ann\u00E9es 1950 et 1960 \u00E0 la conception des premi\u00E8res fus\u00E9es sovi\u00E9tiques, d'abord pour des applications militaires, puis dans le cadre du programme spatial habit\u00E9. Lorsque Korolev d\u00E9c\u00E8de en 1966, il prend sa succession. Il se retrouve \u00E0 la t\u00EAte de plusieurs projets de grande taille alors que l'astronautique sovi\u00E9tique entame son d\u00E9clin, victime de sa d\u00E9sorganisation et de son manque de moyens. Le d\u00E9veloppement de la capsule spatiale Soyouz comme celui du lanceur g\u00E9ant N-1 sont marqu\u00E9s par des d\u00E9faill"@fr . . . . "1917"^^ . . . . . . . . "V. P. Mishin"@en . . . . . . . . . . "Vasili Mishin"@pt . "Wasilij Paw\u0142owicz Miszyn (ros. \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043B\u0438\u0439 \u041F\u0430\u0432\u043B\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041C\u0438\u0448\u0438\u043D, ur. 18 stycznia 1917 we wsi Bywalino w guberni moskiewskiej, zm. 10 pa\u017Adziernika 2001 w Moskwie) \u2013 rosyjski konstruktor techniki rakietowej i lotniczej, dyrektor Specjalnego Biura Konstrukcyjnego-1 (OKB-1; obecnie RKK Energia) (1966-1974)."@pl . . . . . . . . . . . "Wassili Pawlowitsch Mischin (russisch \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043B\u0438\u0439 \u041F\u0430\u0432\u043B\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041C\u0438\u0448\u0438\u043D; * 5. Januarjul. / 18. Januar 1917greg.; \u2020 10. Oktober 2001 in Moskau) war sowjetischer Wissenschaftler und Raketenpionier. Mischin war einer der ersten sowjetischen Raketenfachleute, der die deutschen V2-Fabriken am Ende des Zweiten Weltkrieges besichtigen durfte. Als Stellvertreter Sergei Pawlowitsch Koroljows arbeitete er an den ersten sowjetischen Interkontinentalraketen und am Sputnik- und Wostok-Programm. Nach dem Tod Koroljows 1966 wurde Mischin die Leitung \u00FCber das Konstruktionsb\u00FCro OKB-1 \u00FCbertragen, das zu dieser Zeit in ZKBEM (Zentrales Konstruktionsb\u00FCro f\u00FCr Experimentalen Maschinenbau) umbenannt wurde. Es gelang ihm jedoch nicht, das sowjetische Ziel, einen Menschen mit der N1-Rakete auf den Mond zu bringen, zu verwirklichen. Alle vier Testfl\u00FCge in den Jahren 1969, 1971 und 1972 schlugen fehl. Mischin wurde als Leiter des ZKBEM 1974 von Walentin Petrowitsch Gluschko abgel\u00F6st. Das Mondflugprogramm war im Vergleich zur amerikanischen Mission unterfinanziert. Mischin promovierte 1956, seit 1957 war er Dozent an der Moskauer Lomonossow-Universit\u00E4t, 1959\u20131991 war er daneben Leiter des Lehrstuhls f\u00FCr Projektierung und Konstruktion von Flugapparaten des MAI (Moskauer Staatliches Luftfahrtinstitut).Seit 1966 war Mischin Mitglied der Russischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. F\u00FCr seine Arbeit am sowjetischen Weltraumprogramm wurde ihm der Orden \u201EHeld der sozialistischen Arbeit\u201C verliehen."@de . . . . . . . . . "Vasily Mishin"@en . . . . "Russian"@en . . . . "Vassili Pavlovitch Michine (en russe : \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043B\u0438\u0439 \u041F\u0430\u0432\u043B\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041C\u0438\u0448\u0438\u043D), n\u00E9 en 1917 \u00E0 Byvalino pr\u00E8s de Moscou et mort le 10 octobre 2001 \u00E0 Moscou, est un ing\u00E9nieur russe qui a particip\u00E9 au d\u00E9veloppement des premi\u00E8res fus\u00E9es sovi\u00E9tiques. Bras droit de Sergue\u00EF Korolev \u00E0 compter de 1946, il participe dans les ann\u00E9es 1950 et 1960 \u00E0 la conception des premi\u00E8res fus\u00E9es sovi\u00E9tiques, d'abord pour des applications militaires, puis dans le cadre du programme spatial habit\u00E9. Lorsque Korolev d\u00E9c\u00E8de en 1966, il prend sa succession. Il se retrouve \u00E0 la t\u00EAte de plusieurs projets de grande taille alors que l'astronautique sovi\u00E9tique entame son d\u00E9clin, victime de sa d\u00E9sorganisation et de son manque de moyens. Le d\u00E9veloppement de la capsule spatiale Soyouz comme celui du lanceur g\u00E9ant N-1 sont marqu\u00E9s par des d\u00E9faillances \u00E0 r\u00E9p\u00E9tition. Le Programme lunaire habit\u00E9 sovi\u00E9tique n'obtient pas le succ\u00E8s escompt\u00E9 face au programme Apollo. Il n'a pas plus de chance avec la mise au point de la station spatiale Saliout. \u00C0 la suite des \u00E9checs du lanceur N-1, il est contraint de quitter son poste en 1974 tandis que le programme lunaire habit\u00E9 sovi\u00E9tique est arr\u00EAt\u00E9. Il abandonne toute activit\u00E9 spatiale et consacre les 15 ann\u00E9es suivantes de sa vie \u00E0 l'enseignement. Son r\u00F4le dans le programme spatial est tenu secret par les autorit\u00E9s de m\u00EAme que l'existence du programme lunaire. Son nom et l'histoire de cette p\u00E9riode ne sont port\u00E9s \u00E0 la connaissance du public sovi\u00E9tique et des occidentaux qu'en 1989 au moment de la glasnost."@fr . . "Wassili Pawlowitsch Mischin"@de . . "1917-01-18"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "2001-10-10"^^ . "\u30F4\u30A1\u30B7\u30FC\u30EA\u30FC\u30FB\u30DF\u30B7\u30F3\uFF08\u30ED\u30B7\u30A2\u8A9E: \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0301\u043B\u0438\u0439 \u041F\u0430\u0301\u0432\u043B\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041C\u0438\u0301\u0448\u0438\u043D, Vasily Pavlovich Mishin, 1917\u5E741\u670818\u65E5 - 2001\u5E7410\u670810\u65E5\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u30BD\u30D3\u30A8\u30C8\u9023\u90A6\u306E\u6280\u8853\u8005\u3067\u30ED\u30B1\u30C3\u30C8\u306E\u30D1\u30A4\u30AA\u30CB\u30A2\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002 \u30DF\u30B7\u30F3\u306F\u30BD\u30D3\u30A8\u30C8\u9023\u90A6\u306E\u30ED\u30B1\u30C3\u30C8\u79D1\u5B66\u8005\u3067\u3001\u7B2C\u4E8C\u6B21\u4E16\u754C\u5927\u6226\u672B\u671F\u306B\u30CA\u30C1\u30B9\u306EV2\u30ED\u30B1\u30C3\u30C8\u65BD\u8A2D\u3092\u8996\u5BDF\u3057\u305F\u521D\u3081\u3066\u306E\u30BD\u30D3\u30A8\u30C8\u4EBA\u5C02\u9580\u5BB6\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u30BB\u30EB\u30B2\u30A4\u30FB\u30B3\u30ED\u30EA\u30E7\u30D5\u306E\u4E3B\u5E2D\u88DC\u4F50\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u9577\u5E74\u306B\u6E21\u308A\u30B3\u30ED\u30EA\u30E7\u30D5\u3068\u5171\u306B\u30BD\u30D3\u30A8\u30C8\u9023\u90A6\u521D\u306E\u5927\u9678\u9593\u5F3E\u9053\u30DF\u30B5\u30A4\u30EBR-7\u3092\u306F\u3058\u3081\u3001\u4EBA\u5DE5\u885B\u661F\u30B9\u30D7\u30FC\u30C8\u30CB\u30AF\u3001\u6709\u4EBA\u5B87\u5B99\u8239\u30DC\u30B9\u30C8\u30FC\u30AF\u3001\u30BD\u30E6\u30FC\u30BA\u306E\u30D7\u30ED\u30B0\u30E9\u30E0\u958B\u767A\u7B49\u3092\u624B\u639B\u3051\u305F\u3002 \u30B3\u30ED\u30EA\u30E7\u30D5\u306E\u6CA1\u5F8C\u306E1966\u5E74\u3001\u7B2C1\u8A2D\u8A08\u5C40\uFF08OKB-1 \u73FE S.P.\u30B3\u30ED\u30EA\u30E7\u30D5 \u30ED\u30B1\u30C3\u30C8&\u30B9\u30DA\u30FC\u30B9 \u30B3\u30FC\u30DD\u30EC\u30FC\u30B7\u30E7\u30F3 \u30A8\u30CD\u30EB\u30AE\u30A2\uFF09\u306E\u4E3B\u4EFB\u8A2D\u8A08\u8005\u3068\u306A\u3063\u305F\u30DF\u30B7\u30F3\u306F\u8CC7\u91D1\u306E\u4E0D\u8DB3\u3001\u30BD\u9023\u653F\u5E9C\u30FB\u5171\u7523\u515A\u306E\u4E0D\u5B89\u5B9A\u306A\u652F\u6301\u3001\u4ED6\u306E\u8A2D\u8A08\u5C40\u30FB\u4E3B\u4EFB\u8A2D\u8A08\u8005\u3068\u306E\u5BFE\u7ACB\u7B49\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305F\u6570\u3005\u306E\u56F0\u96E3\u306E\u4E2D\u3001N-1\u30ED\u30B1\u30C3\u30C8\u306B\u3088\u308B\u4EBA\u985E\u306E\u6708\u9762\u7740\u9678\u306B\u6311\u6226\u3057\u305F\u304C\u3001\u6210\u529F\u3055\u305B\u308B\u3053\u3068\u306F\u3067\u304D\u306A\u304B\u3063\u305F\u3002 \u30DF\u30B7\u30F3\u306F1974\u5E74\u306B\u4E3B\u4EFB\u8A2D\u8A08\u8005\u3092\u5F15\u9000\u3057\u305F\u304C\u3001\u305D\u306E\u5F8C\u3082\u306E\u30ED\u30B1\u30C3\u30C8\u90E8\u9580\u306E\u9577\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6559\u80B2\u3084\u7814\u7A76\u306E\u6D3B\u52D5\u3092\u7D9A\u3051\u305F\u3002\u306A\u304A\u3001\u7B2C1\u8A2D\u8A08\u5C40\u306F\uFF62NPO\u30A8\u30CD\u30EB\u30AE\u30A2\u300D\u3068\u6539\u79F0\u3055\u308C\u3001\u30B3\u30ED\u30EA\u30E7\u30D5\u306E\u30E9\u30A4\u30D0\u30EB\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305F\u30F4\u30A1\u30EC\u30F3\u30C6\u30A3\u30F3\u30FB\u30B0\u30EB\u30B7\u30E5\u30B3\u3078\u5F15\u304D\u7D99\u304C\u308C\u308B\u3053\u3068\u3068\u306A\u3063\u305F\u3002"@ja . . . . "Vasili P\u00E1vlovich Mishin, \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0301\u043B\u0438\u0439 \u041F\u0430\u0301\u0432\u043B\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041C\u0438\u0301\u0448\u0438\u043D (18 de enero de 1917 - 10 de octubre de 2001), fue un ingeniero sovi\u00E9tico y pionero en cohetes. Vasili Mishin fue uno de los primeros especialistas en cohetes sovi\u00E9ticos en ver las instalaciones de las V-2 alemanas en agosto de 1945, al final de la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Trabaj\u00F3 con Serg\u00E9i Koroliov y fue su asistente durante el desarrollo del primer ICBM y los programas Sputnik y Vostok. Koroliov muere el 14 de enero de 1966, con lo cual Mishin se convirti\u00F3 en el jefe de la oficina de dise\u00F1o de Koroliov OKB-1 el 11 de mayo. Pero aunque ten\u00EDa el apoyo de la direcci\u00F3n, no ten\u00EDa el talento motivador o el aura de autoridad de Koroliov. Esto era algo esencial para obtener la prioridad por los proyectos dentro del sector aeroespacial sovi\u00E9tico. Sobre todo, no tuvo la confianza de muchos de los cosmonautas, que se hizo evidente en mayo de 1967, cuando Yuri Gagarin y Aleks\u00E9i Le\u00F3nov discuten con Nikol\u00E1i Kamanin la ineficacia completa de Mishin, su exacerbaci\u00F3n, su pobre conocimiento de la nave espacial Soyuz y los detalles de su funcionamiento, su falta de cooperaci\u00F3n a la hora de trabajar con los cosmonautas. En julio de 1971 la falta de claridad de los procedimientos caus\u00F3 la muerte de los tres tripulantes de la Soyuz 11 (Dobrovolsky, Patsayev y Volkov). El general Kamanin estaba furioso porque de los 25 cosmonautas que hab\u00EDan volado cinco estaban en el muro del Kremlin y uno en el cementerio de Novdevich, culpando de sus muertes a la direcci\u00F3n incompetente de Ust\u00EDnov, Serbin, Smirnov, Mishin, Afanasiev, Bush\u00FAyev y Serbin. Pero estos a su vez intentaban culpar al cuerpo de cosmonautas diciendo que la abertura que despresuriz\u00F3 la nave podr\u00EDa haberse tapado con un dedo si la tripulaci\u00F3n hubiera estado debidamente entrenada. Kamanin y el cuerpo de cosmonautas hab\u00EDan escrito muchas cartas a lo largo de ocho a\u00F1os exponiendo la necesidad de dotar a la tripulaci\u00F3n de trajes espaciales. La respuesta de Mishin fue: No quiero que cobardes vuelen mi nave espacial. Habr\u00EDa sido posible operar la Soyuz con una tripulaci\u00F3n de dos, con sus trajes, o por lo menos tanques de ox\u00EDgeno de reserva adecuados para inundar el compartimento y mantener la presi\u00F3n en la situaci\u00F3n de una p\u00E9rdida de presi\u00F3n de la c\u00E1psula. Pero Mishin simplemente rechaz\u00F3 las protestas. Intent\u00F3 sin \u00E9xito el aterrizaje de un hombre en la Luna usando el cohete N-1. Fue reemplazado en su puesto por Valent\u00EDn Glushk\u00F3 el 2 de mayo de 1974. Continu\u00F3 con sus trabajos de investigaci\u00F3n y educaci\u00F3n en el departamento de cohetes del Instituto Aeron\u00E1utico de Mosc\u00FA. Vasili Mishin fue condecorado como H\u00E9roe de los Trabajadores Socialistas por su trabajo en el programa espacial sovi\u00E9tico."@es . . . . . "\u30F4\u30A1\u30B7\u30FC\u30EA\u30FC\u30FB\u30DF\u30B7\u30F3"@ja . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Vassili Michine"@fr . . . . . "\u30F4\u30A1\u30B7\u30FC\u30EA\u30FC\u30FB\u30DF\u30B7\u30F3\uFF08\u30ED\u30B7\u30A2\u8A9E: \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0301\u043B\u0438\u0439 \u041F\u0430\u0301\u0432\u043B\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041C\u0438\u0301\u0448\u0438\u043D, Vasily Pavlovich Mishin, 1917\u5E741\u670818\u65E5 - 2001\u5E7410\u670810\u65E5\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u30BD\u30D3\u30A8\u30C8\u9023\u90A6\u306E\u6280\u8853\u8005\u3067\u30ED\u30B1\u30C3\u30C8\u306E\u30D1\u30A4\u30AA\u30CB\u30A2\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002 \u30DF\u30B7\u30F3\u306F\u30BD\u30D3\u30A8\u30C8\u9023\u90A6\u306E\u30ED\u30B1\u30C3\u30C8\u79D1\u5B66\u8005\u3067\u3001\u7B2C\u4E8C\u6B21\u4E16\u754C\u5927\u6226\u672B\u671F\u306B\u30CA\u30C1\u30B9\u306EV2\u30ED\u30B1\u30C3\u30C8\u65BD\u8A2D\u3092\u8996\u5BDF\u3057\u305F\u521D\u3081\u3066\u306E\u30BD\u30D3\u30A8\u30C8\u4EBA\u5C02\u9580\u5BB6\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u30BB\u30EB\u30B2\u30A4\u30FB\u30B3\u30ED\u30EA\u30E7\u30D5\u306E\u4E3B\u5E2D\u88DC\u4F50\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u9577\u5E74\u306B\u6E21\u308A\u30B3\u30ED\u30EA\u30E7\u30D5\u3068\u5171\u306B\u30BD\u30D3\u30A8\u30C8\u9023\u90A6\u521D\u306E\u5927\u9678\u9593\u5F3E\u9053\u30DF\u30B5\u30A4\u30EBR-7\u3092\u306F\u3058\u3081\u3001\u4EBA\u5DE5\u885B\u661F\u30B9\u30D7\u30FC\u30C8\u30CB\u30AF\u3001\u6709\u4EBA\u5B87\u5B99\u8239\u30DC\u30B9\u30C8\u30FC\u30AF\u3001\u30BD\u30E6\u30FC\u30BA\u306E\u30D7\u30ED\u30B0\u30E9\u30E0\u958B\u767A\u7B49\u3092\u624B\u639B\u3051\u305F\u3002 \u30B3\u30ED\u30EA\u30E7\u30D5\u306E\u6CA1\u5F8C\u306E1966\u5E74\u3001\u7B2C1\u8A2D\u8A08\u5C40\uFF08OKB-1 \u73FE S.P.\u30B3\u30ED\u30EA\u30E7\u30D5 \u30ED\u30B1\u30C3\u30C8&\u30B9\u30DA\u30FC\u30B9 \u30B3\u30FC\u30DD\u30EC\u30FC\u30B7\u30E7\u30F3 \u30A8\u30CD\u30EB\u30AE\u30A2\uFF09\u306E\u4E3B\u4EFB\u8A2D\u8A08\u8005\u3068\u306A\u3063\u305F\u30DF\u30B7\u30F3\u306F\u8CC7\u91D1\u306E\u4E0D\u8DB3\u3001\u30BD\u9023\u653F\u5E9C\u30FB\u5171\u7523\u515A\u306E\u4E0D\u5B89\u5B9A\u306A\u652F\u6301\u3001\u4ED6\u306E\u8A2D\u8A08\u5C40\u30FB\u4E3B\u4EFB\u8A2D\u8A08\u8005\u3068\u306E\u5BFE\u7ACB\u7B49\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305F\u6570\u3005\u306E\u56F0\u96E3\u306E\u4E2D\u3001N-1\u30ED\u30B1\u30C3\u30C8\u306B\u3088\u308B\u4EBA\u985E\u306E\u6708\u9762\u7740\u9678\u306B\u6311\u6226\u3057\u305F\u304C\u3001\u6210\u529F\u3055\u305B\u308B\u3053\u3068\u306F\u3067\u304D\u306A\u304B\u3063\u305F\u3002 \u30DF\u30B7\u30F3\u306F1974\u5E74\u306B\u4E3B\u4EFB\u8A2D\u8A08\u8005\u3092\u5F15\u9000\u3057\u305F\u304C\u3001\u305D\u306E\u5F8C\u3082\u306E\u30ED\u30B1\u30C3\u30C8\u90E8\u9580\u306E\u9577\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6559\u80B2\u3084\u7814\u7A76\u306E\u6D3B\u52D5\u3092\u7D9A\u3051\u305F\u3002\u306A\u304A\u3001\u7B2C1\u8A2D\u8A08\u5C40\u306F\uFF62NPO\u30A8\u30CD\u30EB\u30AE\u30A2\u300D\u3068\u6539\u79F0\u3055\u308C\u3001\u30B3\u30ED\u30EA\u30E7\u30D5\u306E\u30E9\u30A4\u30D0\u30EB\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305F\u30F4\u30A1\u30EC\u30F3\u30C6\u30A3\u30F3\u30FB\u30B0\u30EB\u30B7\u30E5\u30B3\u3078\u5F15\u304D\u7D99\u304C\u308C\u308B\u3053\u3068\u3068\u306A\u3063\u305F\u3002 \u30DF\u30B7\u30F3\u306F\u30BD\u30D3\u30A8\u30C8\u9023\u90A6\u306E\u5B87\u5B99\u958B\u767A\u3078\u306E\u8CA2\u732E\u304B\u3089\u3001\u793E\u4F1A\u4E3B\u7FA9\u52B4\u50CD\u8005\u82F1\u96C4\u3092\u53D7\u7AE0\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . "250"^^ . . . . . . .