"Val\u00E9ry Marie Ren\u00E9 Georges Giscard d'Estaing (Koblenz, 2 februari 1926 \u2013 Authon, 2 december 2020) was een Frans politicus van de RI en de UDF. Hij was van 1974 tot 1981 de 20e president van Frankrijk."@nl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Val\u00E9ry Marie Ren\u00E9 Giscard d\u2019Estaing, f\u00F6dd 2 februari 1926 i Koblenz i Tyskland, d\u00F6d 2 december 2020 i Authon i Loir-et-Cher, var en fransk politiker. Han var Frankrikes president och furste av Andorra 1974\u20131981. Giscard d\u2019Estaing l\u00E4mnade nationalf\u00F6rsamlingen 2002. Under senare \u00E5r hade han lett arbetet inom Europeiska konventet med att ta fram f\u00F6rslaget till Europeiska konstitutionen. \u00C5r 2003 invaldes han i Franska akademin p\u00E5 stol nummer sexton. Under Giscard d\u2019Estaings styre genomf\u00F6rdes de sista tre giljotineringarna i Frankrike, den sista 1977."@sv . . . . . . . . . . . "Val\u00E9ry Ren\u00E9 Marie Georges Giscard d'Estaing (pronuncia AFI: [vale\u02C8\u0281i \u0292is\u02C8ka\u0281 d\u025Bs\u02C8t\u025B\u0303]; Coblenza, 2 febbraio 1926 \u2013 Authon, 2 dicembre 2020) \u00E8 stato un politico francese. \u00C8 stato Presidente della Repubblica francese dal 27 maggio 1974 al 21 maggio 1981. Pur essendo europeista convinto non condivise il progetto federalista di Trattato detto Penelope redatto dall'iniziativa dell'allora presidente della Commissione europea Romano Prodi: Val\u00E9ry Giscard d'Estaing promosse una terza via per l'Europa, situata tra l'Europa federale e l'Europa degli Stati. Dal 2002 al 2003 \u00E8 stato il presidente della Convenzione europea, il cui progetto di Trattato costituzionale fall\u00EC a seguito del referendum negativo francese e olandese. Ispettore delle finanze di professione, \u00E8 stato eletto deputato a Puy-de-D\u00F4me dal 1956. Sotto la presidenza del generale de Gaulle, \u00E8 stato Segretario di Stato per le finanze (1959-1962), quindi ministro delle finanze e degli affari economici (1962-1966). Ha poi espresso le sue riserve sul governo gollista, in particolare nel referendum del 1969. Sotto la presidenza di Georges Pompidou dal 1969 al 1974, ha assunto nuovamente la carica di ministro dell'economia e delle finanze. Quindi presiede la Federazione Nazionale dei Repubblicani e degli Indipendenti (FNRI), che \u00E8 la seconda componente della maggioranza di destra. Candidato alle elezioni presidenziali nel 1974, elimina al primo turno il gollista Jacques Chaban-Delmas e vince nel secondo turno contro il candidato dell'Unione della sinistra, Fran\u00E7ois Mitterrand. A 48 anni, \u00E8 il pi\u00F9 giovane presidente dal 1848. Promuove una \"societ\u00E0 liberale avanzata\", fa votare l'abbassamento della maggiore et\u00E0 civile ed elettorale, la depenalizzazione dell'aborto, estendendo il diritto di deferimento al Consiglio costituzionale e fine della tutela della televisione pubblica. La sua politica internazionale \u00E8 caratterizzata dal rafforzamento della costruzione europea e dal coinvolgimento militare della Francia nella battaglia di Kolwezi in Zaire e l' nell'Impero Centrafricano. Durante lo sviluppo del progetto del treno ad alta velocit\u00E0 (TGV) e rilanciando l'industria nucleare, affronta difficolt\u00E0 economiche, i Trenta Gloriosi finiscono. Nel 1976, dopo le dimissioni di Jacques Chirac, nomin\u00F2 primo ministro l'economista Raymond Barre, perseguendo una politica di rigore fino alla fine dei suoi sette anni. Il suo conservatorismo in materia di immigrazione contrasta con la sua immagine di liberale in altre aree. Sebbene la sua maggioranza di destra abbia vinto le elezioni parlamentari del 1978 ed \u00E8 stata a lungo rieletta per un secondo mandato, \u00E8 stato sconfitto da Fran\u00E7ois Mitterrand nelle elezioni presidenziali del 1981, principalmente a causa della riluttanza del RPR di Jacques Chirac nel sostenerlo. Successivamente, \u00E8 in particolare vice e presidente del consiglio regionale dell'Alvernia. Eletto presidente dell'Unione per la Democrazia Francese (UDF), \u00E8 uno dei principali leader dell'opposizione al potere socialista. Un forte sostenitore della costruzione europea, \u00E8 un membro del Parlamento europeo e presidente della Convenzione sul futuro dell'Europa. Nel 2004, si \u00E8 ritirato dalla politica per sedersi nel Consiglio costituzionale, di cui \u00E8 stato membro a pieno titolo e a vita come ex presidente della Repubblica. Diventa nel 2017 il presidente della Repubblica francese con la maggiore longevit\u00E0. Autore di numerosi saggi e romanzi, \u00E8 stato ammesso all'Accademia di Francia nel 2003."@it . "Giscard d'Estaing in 1975"@en . "\u74E6\u83B1\u91CC\u00B7\u5409\u65AF\u5361\u5C14\u00B7\u5FB7\u65AF\u5766"@zh . . . . . "Val\u00E9ry Marie Ren\u00E9 Georges Giscard d'Estaing (bahasa Prancis: [vale\u0281i \u0292iska\u0281 d\u025Bst\u025B\u0303]; 2 Februari 1926 \u2013 2 Desember 2020), juga dikenal sebagai Giscard atau VGE, adalah seorang politikus Prancis yang menjabat sebagai Presiden Prancis dan ex officio pangeran bersama Andorra dari tahun 1974 hingga 1981. Setelah menjabat sebagai di bawah perdana menteri Jacques Chaban-Delmas dan Pierre Messmer, ia kemudian memenangkan dengan perolehan 50,8% suara atas Fran\u00E7ois Mitterrand dari Partai Sosialis. Masa jabatannya ditandai dengan sikap yang lebih liberal pada masalah sosial \u2014 seperti perceraian, kontrasepsi, dan aborsi \u2014 dan upaya untuk memodernisasi negara dan kantor kepresidenan, terutama meluncurkan proyek infrastruktur dengan jangkauan yang jauh seperti TGV dan beralih ke ketergantungan pada tenaga nuklir sebagai sumber energi utama Prancis. Namun, popularitasnya menjadi turun karena kemerosotan ekonomi setelah krisis energi 1973, menandai akhir dari \"tiga puluh tahun kejayaan\" Prancis setelah Perang Dunia II. Giscard d'Estaing menghadapi oposisi politik dari kedua sisi spektrum: Fran\u00E7ois Mitterrand yang berasal dari haluan kiri sosialisnya dan Jacques Chirac yang sedang naik daun, yang membangkitkan Gaullisme di garis oposisi sayap kanan. Pada tahun 1981, meskipun mendapat peringkat persetujuan yang tinggi, ia dalam putaran kedua pilpres melawan Mitterrand, dengan hanya memperoleh 48,2% suara. Sebagai mantan Presiden Prancis, Giscard d'Estaing adalah anggota . Ia juga menjabat sebagai Auvergne dari 1986 hingga 2004. Terlibat di dalam Uni Eropa, terutama karena memimpin yang menyusun Perjanjian pendirian Konstitusi untuk Eropa. Pada tahun 2003, ia terpilih menjadi anggota Acad\u00E9mie fran\u00E7aise, mengambil kursi yang pernah dipegang oleh temannya dan mantan Presiden Senegal L\u00E9opold S\u00E9dar Senghor. Sampai kematiannya pada usia 94 tahun 304 hari, Giscard adalah Presiden Prancis dengan umur terpanjang dalam sejarah."@in . . . . . . "expanded"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Val\u00E9ry Giscard d'Estaing signature.svg"@en . . . . . . . . . "Val\u00E9ry Ren\u00E9 Marie Georges Giscard d\u2019Estaing (Aussprache: [vale\u02C8\u0280i \u0292is\u02CCka\u0280d\u025Bs\u02C8t\u025B\u0303] ; * 2. Februar 1926 in Koblenz, Deutsches Reich; \u2020 2. Dezember 2020 in Authon, D\u00E9partement Loir-et-Cher; kurz Giscard oder mit seinen Initialen VGE genannt) war ein franz\u00F6sischer Politiker, der von Mai 1974 bis Mai 1981 Staatspr\u00E4sident von Frankreich war. Zuvor war er Vorsitzender der liberalen R\u00E9publicains ind\u00E9pendants sowie 1962\u20131966 und 1969\u20131974 Finanz- und Wirtschaftsminister. Nach seiner Pr\u00E4sidentschaft war er Vorsitzender des von ihm gegr\u00FCndeten b\u00FCrgerlichen Parteienb\u00FCndnisses UDF sowie von 1986 bis 2004 Pr\u00E4sident des Regionalrats der Auvergne. 2002 trat er zur neuen Mitte-rechts-Partei UMP \u00FCber. Als \u201EElder Statesman\u201C war Giscard 2002/03 Pr\u00E4sident des Europ\u00E4ischen Verfassungskonvents und geh\u00F6rte ab 2003 der Acad\u00E9mie fran\u00E7aise sowie ab 2004 dem franz\u00F6sischen Verfassungsrat an."@de . . . . . . . . . "\u0641\u0627\u0644\u064A\u0631\u064A \u062C\u064A\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u062F\u064A\u0633\u062A\u0627\u0646"@ar . . . "\u039F \u0392\u03B1\u03BB\u03B5\u03C1\u03AF \u0396\u03B9\u03C3\u03BA\u03AC\u03C1 \u039D\u03C4' \u0395\u03C3\u03C4\u03B1\u03AF\u03BD (Val\u00E9ry Giscard d'Estaing, 2 \u03A6\u03B5\u03B2\u03C1\u03BF\u03C5\u03B1\u03C1\u03AF\u03BF\u03C5 1926 - 2 \u0394\u03B5\u03BA\u03B5\u03BC\u03B2\u03C1\u03AF\u03BF\u03C5 2020) \u03AE\u03C4\u03B1\u03BD \u0393\u03AC\u03BB\u03BB\u03BF\u03C2 \u03C0\u03BF\u03BB\u03B9\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC\u03C2 \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C5\u03C0\u03B7\u03C1\u03AD\u03C4\u03B7\u03C3\u03B5 \u03C9\u03C2 \u03A0\u03C1\u03CC\u03B5\u03B4\u03C1\u03BF\u03C2 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u0393\u03B1\u03BB\u03BB\u03AF\u03B1\u03C2 \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03C4\u03BF 1974 \u03AD\u03C9\u03C2 \u03C4\u03BF 1981."@el . . "* World War II\n**Liberation of Paris"@en . . . . . "Val\u00E9ry Giscard d'Estaing"@en . . . . . . "Val\u00E9ry Marie Ren\u00E9 Georges Giscard d'Estaing (Coblen\u00E7a, 2 de fevereiro de 1926 \u2013 Authon, 2 de dezembro de 2020) foi um pol\u00EDtico franc\u00EAs de centro-direita que exerceu o cargo de presidente da Rep\u00FAblica Francesa de 1974 a 1981. Inspetor das finan\u00E7as de profiss\u00E3o, participou em v\u00E1rios governos entre 1959 e 1974. Candidato pelo RI (Republicanos Independentes) nas elei\u00E7\u00F5es presidenciais francesas de 1974, foi eleito vig\u00E9simo presidente da Rep\u00FAblica Francesa, vencendo o candidato da esquerda Fran\u00E7ois Mitterrand. A 14 de Outubro de 1975 foi agraciado com o Grande-Colar da Ordem Militar de Sant'Iago da Espada e a 21 de Outubro de 1978 foi agraciado com o Grande-Colar da Ordem do Infante D. Henrique de Portugal. Entre 2002 e 2003 foi presidente da Conven\u00E7\u00E3o para o Futuro da Europa, que redigiu um projecto de Constitui\u00E7\u00E3o Europeia aprovado em 2004 pelos chefes de Estado e de Governo dos membros da Uni\u00E3o Europeia. Autor de diversos ensaios e romances, Val\u00E9ry Giscard d'Estaing foi membro da Academia Francesa desde 2003. A 11 de Outubro de 2007 Val\u00E9ry Giscard d'Estaing recebeu o Doutoramento Honoris Causa pela Universidade Lus\u00EDada do Porto. Era bil\u00EDngue franc\u00EAs/alem\u00E3o. Morreu em 2 de dezembro de 2020 de COVID-19, aos 94 anos, em Authon."@pt . "2020-12-02"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\uBC1C\uB808\uB9AC \uB9C8\uB9AC \uB974\uB124 \uC9C0\uC2A4\uCE74\uB974 \uB370\uC2A4\uD0F1(\uD504\uB791\uC2A4\uC5B4: Val\u00E9ry Marie Ren\u00E9 Giscard d'Estaing, 1926\uB144 2\uC6D4 2\uC77C ~ 2020\uB144 12\uC6D4 2\uC77C)\uC740 1974\uB144\uC5D0\uC11C 1981\uB144\uAE4C\uC9C0 \uC81C20\uB300 \uD504\uB791\uC2A4\uC758 \uB300\uD1B5\uB839\uC744 \uC9C0\uB0B8 \uC911\uB3C4\uC6B0\uD30C \uC815\uCE58\uC778\uC774\uB2E4."@ko . . . "Wilfrid Baumgartner"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Val\u00E9ry Ren\u00E9 Marie Georges Giscard d'Estaing"@en . . . . . . "1962-01-18"^^ . . . . "1981-05-21"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "1967-09-15"^^ . . . . . "Mayor of Chamali\u00E8res"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "2004-04-02"^^ . . "Val\u00E9ry Marie Ren\u00E9 Giscard d'Estaing (vale\u0281i \u0292iska\u0281 dest\u025B\u0303 ahoskatua; Koblentza, 1926ko otsailaren 2a - Authon, 2020ko abenduaren 2a) Frantziako presidentea izan zen 1974 eta 1981 urteen bitartean. Frantziako Presidente izan zen garaian, Andorrako koprintze ere izan zen. Europar Batasunaren bultzatzaileetako bat izan zen, izan ere, 2003ko Europako Konstituzioa idazten lagundu zuen."@eu . . . . "Uachtar\u00E1n ar an bFhrainc idir 1974-1981 ab ea Val\u00E9ry Giscard d'Estaing (2 Feabhra 1926 \u2013 2 Nollaig 2020). Uachtar\u00E1n an Choinbhinsi\u00FAin AE ar an mBunreacht, agus duine de mh\u00F3r\u00FAdair an Bhunreachta, n\u00F3 an Conradh Liosp\u00F3in, ab ea \u00E9, Toghadh \u00E9 don Acadamh na Fraincise (Acad\u00E9mie fran\u00E7aise) sa bhliain 2003. Bhuail Covid-19 \u00E9 agus d'\u00E9ag 2 Nollaig 2020."@ga . . . . . . . "1952-12-17"^^ . "Val\u00E9ry Marie Ren\u00E9 Giscard d'Estaing"@in . . "\u0392\u03B1\u03BB\u03B5\u03C1\u03AF \u0396\u03B9\u03C3\u03BA\u03AC\u03C1 \u03BD\u03C4'\u0395\u03C3\u03C4\u03B1\u03AF\u03BD"@el . . . . . . . . "Val\u00E9ry Marie Ren\u00E9 Georges Giscard d\u2019Estaing (wym. [vale\u02C8\u0281i ma\u02C8\u0281i \u0281\u0259\u02C8ne \u02C8\u0292\u0254\u0281\u0292 \u0292is\u02C8ka\u0281 d\u025Bs\u02C8t\u025B\u0303]; ur. 2 lutego 1926 w Koblencji, zm. 2 grudnia 2020 w Authon) \u2013 francuski polityk i samorz\u0105dowiec. D\u0142ugoletni minister, deputowany krajowy i europejski, za\u0142o\u017Cyciel i przyw\u00F3dca Unii na rzecz Demokracji Francuskiej (UDF). Prezydent Francji w latach 1974\u20131981."@pl . . "\u0631\u064A\u0646\u064A\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u064A\u0631\u064A \u0645\u0627\u0631\u064A \u062C\u0648\u0631\u062C \u062C\u064A\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u062F\u064A\u0633\u062A\u0627\u0646 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064A\u0629: Val\u00E9ry Giscard d'Estaing)\u200F \u200F(2 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064A\u0631 1926 - 2 \u062F\u064A\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2020) \u0631\u0626\u064A\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064A\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1974 \u062D\u062A\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1981. \u0627\u062A\u0633\u0645\u062A \u0641\u062A\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u062A\u0647 \u0628\u062A\u0648\u062C\u0647\u0627\u062A \u0623\u0643\u062B\u0631 \u0644\u064A\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064A\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062C\u062A\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064A\u0629\u060C \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062C\u0647\u0627\u0636\u060C \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062C\u0631\u062A \u0645\u062D\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062A \u0644\u062A\u062D\u062F\u064A\u062B \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062F\u060C \u0641\u0623\u064F\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062A \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064A\u0639 \u0644\u062A\u062D\u062F\u064A\u062B \u0648\u062A\u0637\u0648\u064A\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u062D\u062A\u064A\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064A\u0645\u0627 \u062A\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u064A\u062F\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062F\u0649 \u0645\u062B\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062A \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629\u060C \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062A\u062C\u0627\u0647 \u0646\u062D\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062A\u0645\u0627\u062F \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064A\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0635\u062F\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064A\u0633\u064A \u0641\u064A \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627. \u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060C \u0639\u0627\u0646\u062A \u0634\u0639\u0628\u064A\u062A\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062A\u0635\u0627\u062F\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A \u0623\u0639\u0642\u0628 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1973\u060C \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064A\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0639\u064F\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0640\u00AB\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0644\u0627\u062B\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062C\u064A\u062F\u0629\u00BB \u0628\u0639\u062F \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060C \u0648\u0627\u062C\u0647 \u062C\u064A\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0633\u064A\u0627\u0633\u064A\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064A\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064A\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064A\u0627\u0633\u064A: \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064A\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062D\u062F \u062D\u062F\u064A\u062B\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u064A\u0627\u062F\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u064A\u062A\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060C \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062C\u0627\u0643 \u0634\u064A\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062E\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064A\u0645\u064A\u0646\u064A\u0629. \u062A\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627\u060C \u0641\u064A \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062F\u0629 \u0627\u0646"@ar . . . . . "1124448002"^^ . . . . . . . . . . "A black-and-white portrait of a 49-year-old Giscard d'Estaing"@en . . . "Val\u00E9ry Giscard d'Estaing"@cs . "Val\u00E9ry Giscard d\u2019Estaing"@eo . . . . . . "\u30F4\u30A1\u30EC\u30EA\u30FC\u30FB\u30DE\u30EA\u30FC\u30FB\u30EB\u30CD\u30FB\u30B8\u30E7\u30EB\u30B8\u30E5\u30FB\u30B8\u30B9\u30AB\u30FC\u30EB\u30C7\u30B9\u30BF\u30F3\uFF08\u30D5\u30E9\u30F3\u30B9\u8A9E: Val\u00E9ry Marie Ren\u00E9 Georges Giscard d'Estaing\u3001\u30D5\u30E9\u30F3\u30B9\u8A9E\u767A\u97F3: [vale\u0281i ma\u0281i \u0281\u0259ne \u0292\u0254\u0281\u0292 \u0292iska\u0281 d\u025Bst\u025B\u0303]\u30011926\u5E742\u67082\u65E5 - 2020\u5E7412\u67082\u65E5\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u30D5\u30E9\u30F3\u30B9\u306E\u653F\u6CBB\u5BB6\u30021974\u5E745\u6708\u304B\u30891981\u5E745\u6708\u307E\u3067\u540C\u56FD\u306E\u5927\u7D71\u9818\u3092\u52D9\u3081\u305F\u3002\u30B8\u30B9\u30AB\u30FC\u30EB\u307E\u305F\u306FVGE\u3068\u3082\u547C\u3070\u308C\u308B\u3002\u306A\u304A\u672C\u9805\u76EE\u3067\u306F\u57FA\u672C\u7684\u306B\u300C\u30F4\u30A1\u30EC\u30EA\u30FC\u300D\u3068\u547C\u79F0\u3059\u308B\u3002"@ja . . "Offices and distinctions"@en . . . . . . . "Val\u00E9ry Giscard d\u2019Estaing"@pl . "1969-06-20"^^ . . . . . "Val\u00E9ry Giscard d'Estaing [vale\u0281i \u0292iska\u0281 d\u025Bst\u025B\u0303] \u2014 commun\u00E9ment appel\u00E9 \u00AB Giscard \u00BB ou d\u00E9sign\u00E9 par ses initiales, \u00AB VGE \u00BB \u2014, n\u00E9 le 2 f\u00E9vrier 1926 \u00E0 Coblence (Allemagne) et mort le 2 d\u00E9cembre 2020 \u00E0 Authon (France), est un homme d'\u00C9tat fran\u00E7ais, pr\u00E9sident de la R\u00E9publique de 1974 \u00E0 1981. Polytechnicien, \u00E9narque puis inspecteur des finances, il devient en 1955 directeur adjoint du cabinet d\u2019Edgar Faure, pr\u00E9sident du Conseil, avant d'\u00EAtre \u00E9lu l\u2019ann\u00E9e suivante d\u00E9put\u00E9 du Puy-de-D\u00F4me. Sous la pr\u00E9sidence du g\u00E9n\u00E9ral de Gaulle, il est successivement secr\u00E9taire d'\u00C9tat aux Finances (1959-1962) et ministre des Finances et des Affaires \u00E9conomiques (1962-1966). Apr\u00E8s son \u00E9viction du gouvernement, il exprime ses r\u00E9serves envers le pouvoir gaulliste, en particulier lors du r\u00E9f\u00E9rendum de 1969, contribuant ainsi au d\u00E9part du g\u00E9n\u00E9ral de Gaulle. Durant la pr\u00E9sidence de Georges Pompidou, de 1969 \u00E0 1974, il occupe \u00E0 nouveau la fonction de ministre de l'\u00C9conomie et des Finances. En parall\u00E8le, il fonde et pr\u00E9side les R\u00E9publicains ind\u00E9pendants, qui constituent la deuxi\u00E8me composante de la majorit\u00E9 de droite. Candidat \u00E0 l'\u00E9lection pr\u00E9sidentielle de 1974, il \u00E9limine au premier tour le gaulliste Jacques Chaban-Delmas et l'emporte face au repr\u00E9sentant de l'Union de la gauche, Fran\u00E7ois Mitterrand, \u00E0 l\u2019issue d'un second tour marqu\u00E9 par une participation record dans l\u2019histoire de France. \u00C0 48 ans, il devient le plus jeune pr\u00E9sident de la R\u00E9publique depuis 1895. Pr\u00F4nant une \u00AB soci\u00E9t\u00E9 lib\u00E9rale avanc\u00E9e \u00BB, il fait voter l'abaissement de la majorit\u00E9 civile, la d\u00E9p\u00E9nalisation de l'interruption volontaire de grossesse, le divorce par consentement mutuel, l'\u00E9largissement du droit de saisine du Conseil constitutionnel et la fin de la tutelle de la t\u00E9l\u00E9vision publique. Sa politique \u00E9trang\u00E8re est marqu\u00E9e par le renforcement de la \u00AB construction europ\u00E9enne \u00BB, par sa contribution au lancement du G7, ainsi que par l'implication militaire de la France dans la bataille de Kolwezi (Za\u00EFre) et dans l'op\u00E9ration Caban (Centrafrique), qui renverse l\u2019empereur Bokassa, qui sera \u00E0 l\u2019origine de l\u2019\u00AB affaire des diamants \u00BB. Tout en d\u00E9veloppant le projet de train \u00E0 grande vitesse (TGV) et en relan\u00E7ant l'industrie nucl\u00E9aire, il doit faire face \u00E0 des difficult\u00E9s \u00E9conomiques alors que les Trente Glorieuses touchent \u00E0 leur fin. En 1976, apr\u00E8s la d\u00E9mission de Jacques Chirac, il nomme \u00E0 la fonction de Premier ministre l\u2019\u00E9conomiste Raymond Barre, qui m\u00E8ne jusqu'\u00E0 la fin de son septennat une politique de rigueur tr\u00E8s impopulaire. Malgr\u00E9 son positionnement centriste, Val\u00E9ry Giscard d'Estaing se montre de plus en plus conservateur, en particulier sur l'immigration. Bien que sa majorit\u00E9 de droite ait remport\u00E9 \u00E0 la surprise g\u00E9n\u00E9rale les \u00E9lections l\u00E9gislatives de 1978 et qu\u2019il ait longtemps \u00E9t\u00E9 donn\u00E9 r\u00E9\u00E9lu pour un second mandat, il est battu par Fran\u00E7ois Mitterrand \u00E0 l'\u00E9lection pr\u00E9sidentielle de 1981, notamment \u00E0 cause des r\u00E9ticences du RPR de Jacques Chirac \u00E0 le soutenir. Par la suite, il est r\u00E9\u00E9lu \u00E0 l\u2019Assembl\u00E9e nationale et acc\u00E8de \u00E0 la pr\u00E9sidence du conseil r\u00E9gional d'Auvergne. Devenu pr\u00E9sident de l'Union pour la d\u00E9mocratie fran\u00E7aise (UDF), fond\u00E9e durant son septennat, il est l\u2019un des principaux dirigeants de l'opposition au pouvoir socialiste. Fervent partisan de l'Union europ\u00E9enne, il est d\u00E9put\u00E9 europ\u00E9en puis pr\u00E9sident de la Convention sur l'avenir de l'Europe. Il se retire en 2004 de la vie politique pour si\u00E9ger au Conseil constitutionnel fran\u00E7ais, dont il est membre de droit en tant qu'ancien pr\u00E9sident de la R\u00E9publique. Auteur de plusieurs essais et romans, il est \u00E9lu en 2003 \u00E0 l'Acad\u00E9mie fran\u00E7aise, au fauteuil laiss\u00E9 par L\u00E9opold S\u00E9dar Senghor."@fr . . "Michel Debr\u00E9"@en . "Val\u00E9ry Giscard d'Estaing [val\u00E9ri \u017Eisk\u00E1r dest\u00E9n, vale\u02C8\u0280i \u0292iska\u0280d\u025Bs\u02C8t\u025B\u0303], cel\u00FDm jm\u00E9nem Val\u00E9ry Ren\u00E9 Marie Georges Giscard d'Estaing, n\u011Bkdy kr\u00E1tce Giscard nebo VGE (2. \u00FAnora 1926 Koblenz \u2013 2. prosince 2020 , Loir-et-Cher) byl francouzsk\u00FD politik, \u00FA\u0159aduj\u00EDc\u00ED jako dvac\u00E1t\u00FD prezident Francouzsk\u00E9 republiky mezi lety 1974 a\u017E 1981."@cs . "Pierre-Jo\u00EBl Bont\u00E9"@en . . . . . . . . . . . "Val\u00E9ry Giscard d'Estaing [vale\u0281i \u0292iska\u0281 d\u025Bst\u025B\u0303] \u2014 commun\u00E9ment appel\u00E9 \u00AB Giscard \u00BB ou d\u00E9sign\u00E9 par ses initiales, \u00AB VGE \u00BB \u2014, n\u00E9 le 2 f\u00E9vrier 1926 \u00E0 Coblence (Allemagne) et mort le 2 d\u00E9cembre 2020 \u00E0 Authon (France), est un homme d'\u00C9tat fran\u00E7ais, pr\u00E9sident de la R\u00E9publique de 1974 \u00E0 1981. Auteur de plusieurs essais et romans, il est \u00E9lu en 2003 \u00E0 l'Acad\u00E9mie fran\u00E7aise, au fauteuil laiss\u00E9 par L\u00E9opold S\u00E9dar Senghor."@fr . . . . . "\u039F \u0392\u03B1\u03BB\u03B5\u03C1\u03AF \u0396\u03B9\u03C3\u03BA\u03AC\u03C1 \u039D\u03C4' \u0395\u03C3\u03C4\u03B1\u03AF\u03BD (Val\u00E9ry Giscard d'Estaing, 2 \u03A6\u03B5\u03B2\u03C1\u03BF\u03C5\u03B1\u03C1\u03AF\u03BF\u03C5 1926 - 2 \u0394\u03B5\u03BA\u03B5\u03BC\u03B2\u03C1\u03AF\u03BF\u03C5 2020) \u03AE\u03C4\u03B1\u03BD \u0393\u03AC\u03BB\u03BB\u03BF\u03C2 \u03C0\u03BF\u03BB\u03B9\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC\u03C2 \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C5\u03C0\u03B7\u03C1\u03AD\u03C4\u03B7\u03C3\u03B5 \u03C9\u03C2 \u03A0\u03C1\u03CC\u03B5\u03B4\u03C1\u03BF\u03C2 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u0393\u03B1\u03BB\u03BB\u03AF\u03B1\u03C2 \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03C4\u03BF 1974 \u03AD\u03C9\u03C2 \u03C4\u03BF 1981."@el . . . . . . . . . . "Val\u00E9ry Giscard d'Estaing"@ca . . . . . . . . . "\u0412\u0430\u043B\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0301 \u0420\u0435\u043D\u0435\u0301 \u041C\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0301 \u0416\u043E\u0440\u0436 \u0416\u0438\u0441\u043A\u0430\u0301\u0440 \u0434\u2019\u042D\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0301\u043D (\u0444\u0440. Val\u00E9ry Ren\u00E9 Marie Georges Giscard d\u2019\u00C9staing; 2 \u0444\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u043B\u044F 1926[\u2026], \u041A\u043E\u0431\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0446 \u2014 2 \u0434\u0435\u043A\u0430\u0431\u0440\u044F 2020, \u041E\u0442\u043E\u043D) \u2014 \u0444\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0446\u0443\u0437\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u043E\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0438 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u044F\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C, 20-\u0439 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0442 \u0424\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0446\u0443\u0437\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043F\u0443\u0431\u043B\u0438\u043A\u0438 (\u041F\u044F\u0442\u0430\u044F \u0440\u0435\u0441\u043F\u0443\u0431\u043B\u0438\u043A\u0430) \u0432 1974\u20141981 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430\u0445."@ru . . . "Val\u00E9ry Giscard d'Estaing"@eu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "(Coblen\u00E7a, 2 de febrer de 1926 - Authon, 2 de desembre de 2020) fou un pol\u00EDtic franc\u00E8s, president de la Rep\u00FAblica francesa del 1974 al 1981. Despr\u00E9s de ser ministre de Finances sota els primers ministres Jacques Chaban-Delmas i Pierre Messmer, va guanyar les eleccions presidencials de 1974 amb el 50,8% dels vots contra Fran\u00E7ois Mitterrand del Partit Socialista. El seu mandat va estar marcat per una actitud m\u00E9s liberal sobre q\u00FCestions socials (com ara el divorci, l'anticoncepci\u00F3 i l'avortament) i els intents de modernitzaci\u00F3 del pa\u00EDs i de l'oficina de la presid\u00E8ncia, llan\u00E7ant sobretot projectes d'infraestructura de gran abast com el TGV i el gir cap a depend\u00E8ncia de l'energia nuclear com a principal font d'energia de Fran\u00E7a. Va promoure la liberalitzaci\u00F3 del comer\u00E7. Tanmateix, la seva popul"@ca . . . . . "\u0412\u0430\u043B\u0435\u0440\u0456 \u0416\u0438\u0441\u043A\u0430\u0440 \u0434'\u0415\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043D (\u0444\u0440. Val\u00E9ry Giscard d'Estaing; 2 \u043B\u044E\u0442\u043E\u0433\u043E 1926, \u041A\u043E\u0431\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0446, \u041D\u0456\u043C\u0435\u0447\u0447\u0438\u043D\u0430 \u2014 2 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043D\u044F 2020, \u041E\u0442\u043E\u043D, \u0424\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0446\u0456\u044F) \u2014 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0442 \u0424\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0446\u0443\u0437\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0457 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u043F\u0443\u0431\u043B\u0456\u043A\u0438 (\u041F'\u044F\u0442\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u043F\u0443\u0431\u043B\u0456\u043A\u0430), 1974\u20141981. \u041F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043E\u0446\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0456\u0442\u0438\u043A."@uk . . . . . . "2020-12-02"^^ . . . . . . "Val\u00E9ry Marie Ren\u00E9 Georges Giscard d'Estaing (Coblen\u00E7a, 2 de fevereiro de 1926 \u2013 Authon, 2 de dezembro de 2020) foi um pol\u00EDtico franc\u00EAs de centro-direita que exerceu o cargo de presidente da Rep\u00FAblica Francesa de 1974 a 1981. Inspetor das finan\u00E7as de profiss\u00E3o, participou em v\u00E1rios governos entre 1959 e 1974. Candidato pelo RI (Republicanos Independentes) nas elei\u00E7\u00F5es presidenciais francesas de 1974, foi eleito vig\u00E9simo presidente da Rep\u00FAblica Francesa, vencendo o candidato da esquerda Fran\u00E7ois Mitterrand. Era bil\u00EDngue franc\u00EAs/alem\u00E3o."@pt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "79382"^^ . . . . . . . . "1926-02-02"^^ . . . "Val\u00E9ry Ren\u00E9 Marie Georges Giscard d'Estaing (pronuncia AFI: [vale\u02C8\u0281i \u0292is\u02C8ka\u0281 d\u025Bs\u02C8t\u025B\u0303]; Coblenza, 2 febbraio 1926 \u2013 Authon, 2 dicembre 2020) \u00E8 stato un politico francese. \u00C8 stato Presidente della Repubblica francese dal 27 maggio 1974 al 21 maggio 1981. Pur essendo europeista convinto non condivise il progetto federalista di Trattato detto Penelope redatto dall'iniziativa dell'allora presidente della Commissione europea Romano Prodi: Val\u00E9ry Giscard d'Estaing promosse una terza via per l'Europa, situata tra l'Europa federale e l'Europa degli Stati. Dal 2002 al 2003 \u00E8 stato il presidente della Convenzione europea, il cui progetto di Trattato costituzionale fall\u00EC a seguito del referendum negativo francese e olandese."@it . . . . . "Val\u00E9ry Marie Ren\u00E9 Georges Giscard d'Estaing (bahasa Prancis: [vale\u0281i \u0292iska\u0281 d\u025Bst\u025B\u0303]; 2 Februari 1926 \u2013 2 Desember 2020), juga dikenal sebagai Giscard atau VGE, adalah seorang politikus Prancis yang menjabat sebagai Presiden Prancis dan ex officio pangeran bersama Andorra dari tahun 1974 hingga 1981."@in . . "(Coblen\u00E7a, 2 de febrer de 1926 - Authon, 2 de desembre de 2020) fou un pol\u00EDtic franc\u00E8s, president de la Rep\u00FAblica francesa del 1974 al 1981. Despr\u00E9s de ser ministre de Finances sota els primers ministres Jacques Chaban-Delmas i Pierre Messmer, va guanyar les eleccions presidencials de 1974 amb el 50,8% dels vots contra Fran\u00E7ois Mitterrand del Partit Socialista. El seu mandat va estar marcat per una actitud m\u00E9s liberal sobre q\u00FCestions socials (com ara el divorci, l'anticoncepci\u00F3 i l'avortament) i els intents de modernitzaci\u00F3 del pa\u00EDs i de l'oficina de la presid\u00E8ncia, llan\u00E7ant sobretot projectes d'infraestructura de gran abast com el TGV i el gir cap a depend\u00E8ncia de l'energia nuclear com a principal font d'energia de Fran\u00E7a. Va promoure la liberalitzaci\u00F3 del comer\u00E7. Tanmateix, la seva popularitat va patir la recessi\u00F3 econ\u00F2mica que va seguir despr\u00E9s de la crisi energ\u00E8tica de 1973, marcant el final del \"Trente Glorieuses\" (trenta gloriosos anys de prosperitat despr\u00E9s del 1945). Es va veure obligat a imposar pressupostos d'austeritat i permetre l'augment de l'atur per evitar d\u00E8ficits. Giscard d'Estaing, al centre, es va enfrontar a l'oposici\u00F3 pol\u00EDtica d'ambd\u00F3s costats de l'espectre: de l'esquerra recentment unificada de Fran\u00E7ois Mitterrand i un ascendent Jacques Chirac, que va ressuscitar el gaullisme en una l\u00EDnia d'oposici\u00F3 de dreta. El 1981, malgrat una alta qualificaci\u00F3 d'aprovaci\u00F3, va ser derrotat en una segona volta contra Mitterrand, amb el 48,2% dels vots. Com a president, Giscard d'Estaing va promoure la cooperaci\u00F3 entre les nacions europees, especialment juntament amb Alemanya Occidental. Com a expresident, va formar part del Consell Constitucional. Tamb\u00E9 va ocupar la presid\u00E8ncia del Consell Regional d'Alv\u00E8rnia del 1986 al 2004. Implicat amb la Uni\u00F3 Europea, va presidir sobretot la Convenci\u00F3 sobre el Futur d'Europa que va redactar el malograt Tractat que establia una Constituci\u00F3 per a Europa. El 2003 va ser elegit a l'Acad\u00E9mie fran\u00E7aise, ocupant l'esc\u00F3 que havia ocupat el seu amic i expresident del Senegal L\u00E9opold S\u00E9dar Senghor. En el moment de la seva mort, a l'edat de 94 anys i 304 dies, des de COVID-19, Giscard era el president franc\u00E8s amb m\u00E9s vida de la hist\u00F2ria."@ca . . "\uBC1C\uB808\uB9AC \uB9C8\uB9AC \uB974\uB124 \uC9C0\uC2A4\uCE74\uB974 \uB370\uC2A4\uD0F1(\uD504\uB791\uC2A4\uC5B4: Val\u00E9ry Marie Ren\u00E9 Giscard d'Estaing, 1926\uB144 2\uC6D4 2\uC77C ~ 2020\uB144 12\uC6D4 2\uC77C)\uC740 1974\uB144\uC5D0\uC11C 1981\uB144\uAE4C\uC9C0 \uC81C20\uB300 \uD504\uB791\uC2A4\uC758 \uB300\uD1B5\uB839\uC744 \uC9C0\uB0B8 \uC911\uB3C4\uC6B0\uD30C \uC815\uCE58\uC778\uC774\uB2E4."@ko . . . "Val\u00E9ry Giscard d'Estaing"@ga . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0631\u064A\u0646\u064A\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u064A\u0631\u064A \u0645\u0627\u0631\u064A \u062C\u0648\u0631\u062C \u062C\u064A\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u062F\u064A\u0633\u062A\u0627\u0646 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064A\u0629: Val\u00E9ry Giscard d'Estaing)\u200F \u200F(2 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064A\u0631 1926 - 2 \u062F\u064A\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2020) \u0631\u0626\u064A\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064A\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1974 \u062D\u062A\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1981. \u0627\u062A\u0633\u0645\u062A \u0641\u062A\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u062A\u0647 \u0628\u062A\u0648\u062C\u0647\u0627\u062A \u0623\u0643\u062B\u0631 \u0644\u064A\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064A\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062C\u062A\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064A\u0629\u060C \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062C\u0647\u0627\u0636\u060C \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062C\u0631\u062A \u0645\u062D\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062A \u0644\u062A\u062D\u062F\u064A\u062B \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062F\u060C \u0641\u0623\u064F\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062A \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064A\u0639 \u0644\u062A\u062D\u062F\u064A\u062B \u0648\u062A\u0637\u0648\u064A\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u062D\u062A\u064A\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064A\u0645\u0627 \u062A\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u064A\u062F\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062F\u0649 \u0645\u062B\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062A \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629\u060C \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062A\u062C\u0627\u0647 \u0646\u062D\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062A\u0645\u0627\u062F \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064A\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0635\u062F\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064A\u0633\u064A \u0641\u064A \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627. \u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060C \u0639\u0627\u0646\u062A \u0634\u0639\u0628\u064A\u062A\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062A\u0635\u0627\u062F\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A \u0623\u0639\u0642\u0628 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1973\u060C \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064A\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0639\u064F\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0640\u00AB\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0644\u0627\u062B\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062C\u064A\u062F\u0629\u00BB \u0628\u0639\u062F \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060C \u0648\u0627\u062C\u0647 \u062C\u064A\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0633\u064A\u0627\u0633\u064A\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064A\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064A\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064A\u0627\u0633\u064A: \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064A\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062D\u062F \u062D\u062F\u064A\u062B\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u064A\u0627\u062F\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u064A\u062A\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060C \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062C\u0627\u0643 \u0634\u064A\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062E\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064A\u0645\u064A\u0646\u064A\u0629. \u062A\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627\u060C \u0641\u064A \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062F\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062A\u062E\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1981."@ar . . . . . . . "Maurice Pourchon"@en . . . . ""@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Val\u00E9ry Giscard d'Estaing [val\u00E9ri \u017Eisk\u00E1r dest\u00E9n, vale\u02C8\u0280i \u0292iska\u0280d\u025Bs\u02C8t\u025B\u0303], cel\u00FDm jm\u00E9nem Val\u00E9ry Ren\u00E9 Marie Georges Giscard d'Estaing, n\u011Bkdy kr\u00E1tce Giscard nebo VGE (2. \u00FAnora 1926 Koblenz \u2013 2. prosince 2020 , Loir-et-Cher) byl francouzsk\u00FD politik, \u00FA\u0159aduj\u00EDc\u00ED jako dvac\u00E1t\u00FD prezident Francouzsk\u00E9 republiky mezi lety 1974 a\u017E 1981."@cs . "Val\u00E9ry Giscard d\u2019Estaing"@sv . . . "Val\u00E9ry Ren\u00E9 Marie Georges GISCARD D'ESTAING [vale\u0281i \u0281\u0259ne ma\u0281i \u0292\u0254\u0281\u0292 \u0292iska\u0281 d\u203F\u025Bst\u025B\u0303] (naski\u011Dis la 2-an de februaro 1926 en Koblenco (Germanio), mortis la 2-an de decembro 2020 en Authon) estis centrisma-konservativa politikisto de Francio. Ekde la jaro 1956, li estis elektita membro de la franca nacia asembleo. Inter la jaroj 1962 kaj 1966 kaj denove inter 1969 kaj 1974 li estis franca ministro pri ekonomio kaj financoj, kaj sekve i\u011Dis prezidento de Francio inter la jaroj 1974 kaj 1981."@eo . . . . . . "Uachtar\u00E1n ar an bFhrainc idir 1974-1981 ab ea Val\u00E9ry Giscard d'Estaing (2 Feabhra 1926 \u2013 2 Nollaig 2020). Uachtar\u00E1n an Choinbhinsi\u00FAin AE ar an mBunreacht, agus duine de mh\u00F3r\u00FAdair an Bhunreachta, n\u00F3 an Conradh Liosp\u00F3in, ab ea \u00E9, Toghadh \u00E9 don Acadamh na Fraincise (Acad\u00E9mie fran\u00E7aise) sa bhliain 2003. Bhuail Covid-19 \u00E9 agus d'\u00E9ag 2 Nollaig 2020."@ga . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Val\u00E9ry Marie Ren\u00E9 Giscard d\u2019Estaing, f\u00F6dd 2 februari 1926 i Koblenz i Tyskland, d\u00F6d 2 december 2020 i Authon i Loir-et-Cher, var en fransk politiker. Han var Frankrikes president och furste av Andorra 1974\u20131981. Ursprungligen finansminister i olika omg\u00E5ngar valdes Giscard d\u2019Estaing efter Georges Pompidous d\u00F6d 1974 till president med knapp marginal \u00F6ver socialisten Fran\u00E7ois Mitterrand. Han f\u00F6rs\u00F6kte vitalisera gaullisterna p\u00E5 en progressivt borgerlig linje och genomf\u00F6rde som president en rad reformer; skilsm\u00E4ssolagstiftning och abortlagstiftning liberaliserades, r\u00F6str\u00E4tts- och myndighets\u00E5lder s\u00E4nktes. Ekonomiska problem, som \u00E4ndade mer \u00E4n ett decennium av hastig tillv\u00E4xt, undergr\u00E4vde hans st\u00E4llning, och 1981 besegrades han med knapp marginal av Mitterrand. Det av honom grundade liberala partiet UDF f\u00F6rblev efter Socialistpartiet och UMP l\u00E4nge det tredje mest betydelsefulla partiet i fransk politik. Giscard d\u2019Estaing l\u00E4mnade nationalf\u00F6rsamlingen 2002. Under senare \u00E5r hade han lett arbetet inom Europeiska konventet med att ta fram f\u00F6rslaget till Europeiska konstitutionen. \u00C5r 2003 invaldes han i Franska akademin p\u00E5 stol nummer sexton. Under Giscard d\u2019Estaings styre genomf\u00F6rdes de sista tre giljotineringarna i Frankrike, den sista 1977."@sv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Val\u00E9ry Giscard d'Estaing"@es . . . . . . "Claude Wolff"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Authon Cemetery, Authon"@en . . . . . "Val\u00E9ry Ren\u00E9 Marie Georges Giscard d'Estaing (UK: /\u02CC\u0292i\u02D0sk\u0251\u02D0r d\u025B\u02C8st\u00E6\u0303/, US: /\u0292\u026A\u02CCsk\u0251\u02D0r -/, French: [vale\u0281i \u0281\u0259ne ma\u0281i \u0292\u0254\u0281\u0292 \u0292iska\u0281 d\u025Bst\u025B\u0303]; 2 February 1926 \u2013 2 December 2020), also known as Giscard or VGE, was a French politician who served as President of France from 1974 to 1981."@en . . . "\u30F4\u30A1\u30EC\u30EA\u30FC\u30FB\u30B8\u30B9\u30AB\u30FC\u30EB\u30FB\u30C7\u30B9\u30BF\u30F3"@ja . . "Val\u00E9ry Giscard d'Estaing"@it . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0412\u0430\u043B\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0301 \u0420\u0435\u043D\u0435\u0301 \u041C\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0301 \u0416\u043E\u0440\u0436 \u0416\u0438\u0441\u043A\u0430\u0301\u0440 \u0434\u2019\u042D\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0301\u043D (\u0444\u0440. Val\u00E9ry Ren\u00E9 Marie Georges Giscard d\u2019\u00C9staing; 2 \u0444\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u043B\u044F 1926[\u2026], \u041A\u043E\u0431\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0446 \u2014 2 \u0434\u0435\u043A\u0430\u0431\u0440\u044F 2020, \u041E\u0442\u043E\u043D) \u2014 \u0444\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0446\u0443\u0437\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u043E\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0438 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u044F\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C, 20-\u0439 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0442 \u0424\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0446\u0443\u0437\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043F\u0443\u0431\u043B\u0438\u043A\u0438 (\u041F\u044F\u0442\u0430\u044F \u0440\u0435\u0441\u043F\u0443\u0431\u043B\u0438\u043A\u0430) \u0432 1974\u20141981 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430\u0445."@ru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Val\u00E9ry Marie Ren\u00E9 Georges Giscard d\u2019Estaing (wym. [vale\u02C8\u0281i ma\u02C8\u0281i \u0281\u0259\u02C8ne \u02C8\u0292\u0254\u0281\u0292 \u0292is\u02C8ka\u0281 d\u025Bs\u02C8t\u025B\u0303]; ur. 2 lutego 1926 w Koblencji, zm. 2 grudnia 2020 w Authon) \u2013 francuski polityk i samorz\u0105dowiec. D\u0142ugoletni minister, deputowany krajowy i europejski, za\u0142o\u017Cyciel i przyw\u00F3dca Unii na rzecz Demokracji Francuskiej (UDF). Prezydent Francji w latach 1974\u20131981."@pl . . . . . . . "Val\u00E9ry Giscard d'Estaing"@fr . . "Val\u00E9ry Marie Ren\u00E9 Giscard d'Estaing (vale\u0281i \u0292iska\u0281 dest\u025B\u0303 ahoskatua; Koblentza, 1926ko otsailaren 2a - Authon, 2020ko abenduaren 2a) Frantziako presidentea izan zen 1974 eta 1981 urteen bitartean. Frantziako Presidente izan zen garaian, Andorrako koprintze ere izan zen. Europar Batasunaren bultzatzaileetako bat izan zen, izan ere, 2003ko Europako Konstituzioa idazten lagundu zuen. Errepublikaren Alderdia sortu zuen, eta De Gaulle jeneralaren politikari lagundu zion. Finantzetako ministro izan zen De Gaullerekin (1962-1966) eta Georges Pompidourekin (1969). 1974an, Frantziako lehendakari izan zen (Fran\u00E7ois Mitterrand-ek hauteskunde haiek galdu zituen, baina 1981ekoetan, Giscard d'Estaingi garaitu). D\u00E9mocratie fran\u00E7aise idatzi zuen (1976)."@eu . . . . . ""@en . . . . . "1944"^^ . . . "Pierre Chatrousse"@en . . . . . . . . . . . "Val\u00E9ry Giscard d'Estaing (pronunciaci\u00F3n en franc\u00E9s: /vale\u0281i \u0292iska\u0281 d\u025Bst\u025B\u0303/; Coblenza, 2 de febrero de 1926-Authon, 2 de diciembre de 2020)\u200B\u200B fue un pol\u00EDtico franc\u00E9s, presidente de la Rep\u00FAblica Francesa entre 1974 y 1981. Conocido por su apoyo al federalismo europeo, fue tambi\u00E9n presidente de la Convenci\u00F3n para el Futuro de Europa, que redact\u00F3 el proyecto de Constituci\u00F3n Europea en 2003. Ostent\u00F3, adem\u00E1s, la dignidad de copr\u00EDncipe de Andorra y jefe de dicho Estado."@es . "Val\u00E9ry Giscard d'Estaing"@pt . . . . . . . "79474"^^ . . . . . . . "1974-05-27"^^ . . . . . . "1974-05-27"^^ . . . . . . "\u74E6\u83B1\u91CC\u00B7\u52D2\u5185\u00B7\u9A6C\u91CC\u00B7\u4E54\u6CBB\u00B7\u5409\u65AF\u5361\u5C14\u00B7\u5FB7\u65AF\u5766\uFF08\u6CD5\u8A9E\uFF1AVal\u00E9ry Ren\u00E9 Marie Georges Giscard d'Estaing\uFF0C\u6CD5\u8BED\uFF1A[vale\u0281i \u0281\u0259ne ma\u0281i \u0292\u0254\u0281\u0292 \u0292iska\u0281 d\u025Bst\u025B\u0303] \uFF08\uFF09\uFF1B1926\u5E742\u67082\u65E5\uFF0D2020\u5E7412\u67082\u65E5\uFF09\uFF0C\u6CD5\u570B\u7ECF\u6D4E\u5B66\u5BB6\u3001\u653F\u6CBB\u5BB6\uFF0C\u524D\u4EFB\u6CD5\u56FD\u603B\u7EDF\u517C\u5B89\u9053\u723E\u5927\u516C\u3002\u88AB\u8A89\u4E3A\u6B27\u76DF\u5BAA\u6CD5\u4E4B\u7236\u3001\u73B0\u4EE3\u6B27\u5143\u4E4B\u7236\u3002"@zh . . . . "\u30F4\u30A1\u30EC\u30EA\u30FC\u30FB\u30DE\u30EA\u30FC\u30FB\u30EB\u30CD\u30FB\u30B8\u30E7\u30EB\u30B8\u30E5\u30FB\u30B8\u30B9\u30AB\u30FC\u30EB\u30C7\u30B9\u30BF\u30F3\uFF08\u30D5\u30E9\u30F3\u30B9\u8A9E: Val\u00E9ry Marie Ren\u00E9 Georges Giscard d'Estaing\u3001\u30D5\u30E9\u30F3\u30B9\u8A9E\u767A\u97F3: [vale\u0281i ma\u0281i \u0281\u0259ne \u0292\u0254\u0281\u0292 \u0292iska\u0281 d\u025Bst\u025B\u0303]\u30011926\u5E742\u67082\u65E5 - 2020\u5E7412\u67082\u65E5\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u30D5\u30E9\u30F3\u30B9\u306E\u653F\u6CBB\u5BB6\u30021974\u5E745\u6708\u304B\u30891981\u5E745\u6708\u307E\u3067\u540C\u56FD\u306E\u5927\u7D71\u9818\u3092\u52D9\u3081\u305F\u3002\u30B8\u30B9\u30AB\u30FC\u30EB\u307E\u305F\u306FVGE\u3068\u3082\u547C\u3070\u308C\u308B\u3002\u306A\u304A\u672C\u9805\u76EE\u3067\u306F\u57FA\u672C\u7684\u306B\u300C\u30F4\u30A1\u30EC\u30EA\u30FC\u300D\u3068\u547C\u79F0\u3059\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . "Val\u00E9ry Giscard d\u2019Estaing"@de . . "of Auvergne"@en . . . . . "Val\u00E9ry Marie Ren\u00E9 Georges Giscard d'Estaing (Koblenz, 2 februari 1926 \u2013 Authon, 2 december 2020) was een Frans politicus van de RI en de UDF. Hij was van 1974 tot 1981 de 20e president van Frankrijk."@nl . . "1986-03-21"^^ . "1966-01-08"^^ . . . . . "Val\u00E9ry Ren\u00E9 Marie Georges Giscard d\u2019Estaing (Aussprache: [vale\u02C8\u0280i \u0292is\u02CCka\u0280d\u025Bs\u02C8t\u025B\u0303] ; * 2. Februar 1926 in Koblenz, Deutsches Reich; \u2020 2. Dezember 2020 in Authon, D\u00E9partement Loir-et-Cher; kurz Giscard oder mit seinen Initialen VGE genannt) war ein franz\u00F6sischer Politiker, der von Mai 1974 bis Mai 1981 Staatspr\u00E4sident von Frankreich war."@de . . . . "4"^^ . "\u0412\u0430\u043B\u0435\u0440\u0456 \u0416\u0438\u0441\u043A\u0430\u0440 \u0434'\u0415\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043D (\u0444\u0440. Val\u00E9ry Giscard d'Estaing; 2 \u043B\u044E\u0442\u043E\u0433\u043E 1926, \u041A\u043E\u0431\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0446, \u041D\u0456\u043C\u0435\u0447\u0447\u0438\u043D\u0430 \u2014 2 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043D\u044F 2020, \u041E\u0442\u043E\u043D, \u0424\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0446\u0456\u044F) \u2014 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0442 \u0424\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0446\u0443\u0437\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0457 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u043F\u0443\u0431\u043B\u0456\u043A\u0438 (\u041F'\u044F\u0442\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u043F\u0443\u0431\u043B\u0456\u043A\u0430), 1974\u20141981. \u041F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043E\u0446\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0456\u0442\u0438\u043A."@uk . . . . . . . . "Val\u00E9ry Giscard d'Estaing signature.svg" . . . . "Val\u00E9ry Ren\u00E9 Marie Georges Giscard d'Estaing"@en . . . . . . . . . "\u0416\u0438\u0441\u043A\u0430\u0440 \u0434\u2019\u042D\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043D, \u0412\u0430\u043B\u0435\u0440\u0438"@ru . . . . . . . . . . "\u74E6\u83B1\u91CC\u00B7\u52D2\u5185\u00B7\u9A6C\u91CC\u00B7\u4E54\u6CBB\u00B7\u5409\u65AF\u5361\u5C14\u00B7\u5FB7\u65AF\u5766\uFF08\u6CD5\u8A9E\uFF1AVal\u00E9ry Ren\u00E9 Marie Georges Giscard d'Estaing\uFF0C\u6CD5\u8BED\uFF1A[vale\u0281i \u0281\u0259ne ma\u0281i \u0292\u0254\u0281\u0292 \u0292iska\u0281 d\u025Bst\u025B\u0303] \uFF08\uFF09\uFF1B1926\u5E742\u67082\u65E5\uFF0D2020\u5E7412\u67082\u65E5\uFF09\uFF0C\u6CD5\u570B\u7ECF\u6D4E\u5B66\u5BB6\u3001\u653F\u6CBB\u5BB6\uFF0C\u524D\u4EFB\u6CD5\u56FD\u603B\u7EDF\u517C\u5B89\u9053\u723E\u5927\u516C\u3002\u88AB\u8A89\u4E3A\u6B27\u76DF\u5BAA\u6CD5\u4E4B\u7236\u3001\u73B0\u4EE3\u6B27\u5143\u4E4B\u7236\u3002"@zh . . "Val\u00E9ry Giscard d'Estaing"@nl . . . . "\u0412\u0430\u043B\u0435\u0440\u0456 \u0416\u0438\u0441\u043A\u0430\u0440 \u0434'\u0415\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043D"@uk . . . . . . . "Val\u00E9ry Ren\u00E9 Marie Georges Giscard d'Estaing (UK: /\u02CC\u0292i\u02D0sk\u0251\u02D0r d\u025B\u02C8st\u00E6\u0303/, US: /\u0292\u026A\u02CCsk\u0251\u02D0r -/, French: [vale\u0281i \u0281\u0259ne ma\u0281i \u0292\u0254\u0281\u0292 \u0292iska\u0281 d\u025Bst\u025B\u0303]; 2 February 1926 \u2013 2 December 2020), also known as Giscard or VGE, was a French politician who served as President of France from 1974 to 1981. After serving as Minister of Finance under prime ministers Jacques Chaban-Delmas and Pierre Messmer, Giscard d'Estaing won the presidential election of 1974 with 50.8% of the vote against Fran\u00E7ois Mitterrand of the Socialist Party. His tenure was marked by a more liberal attitude on social issues\u2014such as divorce, contraception and abortion\u2014and attempts to modernise the country and the office of the presidency, notably overseeing such far-reaching infrastructure projects as the TGV and the turn towards reliance on nuclear power as France's main energy source. Giscard d'Estaing launched the Grande Arche, Mus\u00E9e d'Orsay, Arab World Institute and Cit\u00E9 des Sciences et de l'Industrie projects in the Paris region, later included in the Grands Projets of Fran\u00E7ois Mitterrand. He promoted liberalisation of trade. However, his popularity suffered from the economic downturn that followed the 1973 energy crisis, marking the end of the \"Trente Glorieuses\" (thirty \"glorious\" years of prosperity after 1945). He imposed austerity budgets and allowed unemployment to rise in order to avoid deficits. Giscard d'Estaing in the centre faced political opposition from both sides of the spectrum: from the newly unified left under Mitterrand and a rising Jacques Chirac, who resurrected Gaullism on a right-wing opposition line. In 1981, despite a high approval rating, he was defeated in a runoff against Mitterrand, with 48.2% of the vote. As president, Giscard d'Estaing promoted cooperation among the European nations, especially in tandem with West Germany. As a former president, he was a member of the Constitutional Council. He also served as president of the Regional Council of Auvergne from 1986 to 2004. Involved with the process of European integration, he notably presided over the Convention on the Future of Europe that drafted the ill-fated Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe. In 2003, he was elected to the Acad\u00E9mie Fran\u00E7aise, taking the seat that his friend and former president of Senegal L\u00E9opold S\u00E9dar Senghor had held. With an age of almost 95, he was the longest-lived French president in history."@en . . . . . "Val\u00E9ry Ren\u00E9 Marie Georges GISCARD D'ESTAING [vale\u0281i \u0281\u0259ne ma\u0281i \u0292\u0254\u0281\u0292 \u0292iska\u0281 d\u203F\u025Bst\u025B\u0303] (naski\u011Dis la 2-an de februaro 1926 en Koblenco (Germanio), mortis la 2-an de decembro 2020 en Authon) estis centrisma-konservativa politikisto de Francio. Ekde la jaro 1956, li estis elektita membro de la franca nacia asembleo. Inter la jaroj 1962 kaj 1966 kaj denove inter 1969 kaj 1974 li estis franca ministro pri ekonomio kaj financoj, kaj sekve i\u011Dis prezidento de Francio inter la jaroj 1974 kaj 1981. Poste, li dum kvin jaroj retiri\u011Dis el la politiko, kaj ekde 1986 denove estis membro de la franca nacia asembleo, plu aparte engagi\u011Dante pri e\u016Dropaj temoj, aparte pri la plidemokratiigo de la E\u016Dropa Unio kaj anta\u016Denigo de la integrigo de aldonaj ali\u011Demaj \u015Dtatoj en la Union. Inter la jaroj 2002 kaj 2003, li gvidis la E\u016Dropan Konvencion kiu preparis konstitucion de E\u016Dropo. Krome, dum 2003 li elekti\u011Dis membro de la Franca Akademio, kio estis diskutata kontroverse, \u0109ar dumvive li nur verkis unusolan novelon kaj krome ne elstaris kiel literaturisto. Ekde la fino de sia \u015Dtata prezidanteco, do ekde la jaro 1981, li krome estis dumviva membro de la Konstitucia Konsilio de Francio."@eo . . . . . . . "Authon, Loir-et-Cher, France"@en . "1974-05-19"^^ . . . . "\uBC1C\uB808\uB9AC \uC9C0\uC2A4\uCE74\uB974 \uB370\uC2A4\uD0F1"@ko . . . . . . . "Val\u00E9ry Giscard d'Estaing (pronunciaci\u00F3n en franc\u00E9s: /vale\u0281i \u0292iska\u0281 d\u025Bst\u025B\u0303/; Coblenza, 2 de febrero de 1926-Authon, 2 de diciembre de 2020)\u200B\u200B fue un pol\u00EDtico franc\u00E9s, presidente de la Rep\u00FAblica Francesa entre 1974 y 1981. Conocido por su apoyo al federalismo europeo, fue tambi\u00E9n presidente de la Convenci\u00F3n para el Futuro de Europa, que redact\u00F3 el proyecto de Constituci\u00F3n Europea en 2003. Ostent\u00F3, adem\u00E1s, la dignidad de copr\u00EDncipe de Andorra y jefe de dicho Estado."@es . . . . "1926-02-02"^^ . . . . . . . .