"1123003435"^^ . . . . . "L'expression Haute-Birmanie d\u00E9signe les parties centrale et septentrionale de l'actuelle Birmanie. En 1852, apr\u00E8s la deuxi\u00E8me guerre anglo-birmane, la Basse-Birmanie est annex\u00E9e par les Anglais. La Haute-Birmanie reste un royaume ind\u00E9pendant jusqu'\u00E0 la fin de la troisi\u00E8me guerre anglo-birmane en 1885. On appelle aussi la Haute-Birmanie \u00AB Birmanie proprement dite \u00BB ou royaume d'Ava. Sa population est principalement birmane."@fr . . "L'expression Haute-Birmanie d\u00E9signe les parties centrale et septentrionale de l'actuelle Birmanie. En 1852, apr\u00E8s la deuxi\u00E8me guerre anglo-birmane, la Basse-Birmanie est annex\u00E9e par les Anglais. La Haute-Birmanie reste un royaume ind\u00E9pendant jusqu'\u00E0 la fin de la troisi\u00E8me guerre anglo-birmane en 1885. On appelle aussi la Haute-Birmanie \u00AB Birmanie proprement dite \u00BB ou royaume d'Ava. Sa population est principalement birmane."@fr . . . "3258"^^ . "\u4E0A\u7F05\u7538\uFF08\u7DEC\u7538\u8A9E\uFF1A\u1021\u1011\u1000\u103A\u1019\u103C\u1014\u103A\u1019\u102C\u1015\u103C\u100A\u103A\uFF0C\u4EA6\u79F0\u771F\u7F05\u7538\uFF09\u662F\u7F05\u7538\u7684\u4E00\u4E2A\u5730\u7406\u533A\u57DF\uFF0C\u8207\u4E0B\u7DEC\u7538\u76F8\u5C0D\uFF0C\u4F20\u7EDF\u4E0A\u5305\u62EC\u66FC\u5FB7\u52D2\u53CA\u5176\u5468\u8FB9\u5730\u533A\uFF08\u4ECA\u66FC\u5FB7\u52D2\u7701\u3001\u5B9E\u7686\u7701\u548C\u9A6C\u572D\u7701\uFF09\uFF0C\u66F4\u5E7F\u6CDB\u5730\u8BF4\uFF0C\u8FD8\u5305\u62EC\u514B\u94A6\u90A6\u548C\u63B8\u90A6\u3002 \u5728\u7F05\u7538\u8BED\u4E2D\uFF0C\u4E0A\u7F05\u7538\u7684\u4EBA\u901A\u5E38\u88AB\u79F0\u4F5Ca-nya tha\uFF08\u7DEC\u7538\u8A9E\uFF1A\u1021\u100A\u102C\u101E\u102C\u1038\uFF09\uFF0C\u800C\u4E0B\u7F05\u7538\u7684\u4EBA\u5219\u88AB\u79F0\u4E3Aauk tha\uFF08\u7DEC\u7538\u8A9E\uFF1A\u1021\u1031\u102C\u1000\u103A\u101E\u102C\u1038\uFF09\u3002 \u8FD9\u4E2A\u8BCD\u8BED\u7531\u82F1\u56FD\u4EBA\u9996\u5148\u4F7F\u7528\uFF0C\u6307\u73B0\u4ECA\u7F05\u7538\u7684\u4E2D\u90E8\u53CA\u5317\u90E8\u5730\u533A\u30021852\u5E74\u7684\u7B2C\u4E8C\u6B21\u82F1\u7F05\u6218\u4E89\u540E\uFF0C\u4E0B\u7F05\u7538\u88AB\u5927\u82F1\u5E1D\u56FD\u541E\u5E76\uFF0C\u4E0A\u7F05\u7538\u5219\u5728\u8D21\u699C\u738B\u671D\u7684\u7EDF\u6CBB\u4E0B\u4FDD\u6301\u72EC\u7ACB\uFF0C\u76F4\u52301885\u5E74\u7684\u7B2C\u4E09\u6B21\u82F1\u7F05\u6218\u4E89\u3002 \u4E0A\u7F05\u7538\u4EA6\u88AB\u89C6\u4F5C\u7F05\u7538\u672C\u90E8\u53CA\u963F\u74E6\u738B\u56FD\u3002\u4ECE\u5386\u53F2\u4E0A\u6765\u8BF4\uFF0C\u4E0A\u7F05\u7538\u7684\u4EBA\u53E3\u4EE5\u7F05\u4EBA\u4E3A\u4E3B\uFF08\u4E0B\u7F05\u7538\u5219\u4E3B\u8981\u8BB2\u5B5F\u6587\uFF0C\u76F4\u523019\u4E16\u7EAA\u65E9\u671F\uFF09\uFF0C\u800C\u6B96\u6C11\u5730\u653F\u5E9C\u6307\u5B9A\u7684\u82F1\u5C5E\u7F05\u7538\u5219\u5305\u62EC\u4E86\u5C11\u6570\u6C11\u65CF\u5730\u57DF\uFF0C\u5982\u63B8\u56FD\u548C\u4ECA\u514B\u94A6\u90A6\u3002 \u4E0A\u4E0B\u7F05\u7538\u4E4B\u95F4\u7684\u5DEE\u5F02\u5728\u4E00\u4E9B\u653F\u5E9C\u90E8\u95E8\u4E2D\u4E5F\u6709\u6240\u4F53\u73B0\uFF0C\u5982\u5728\u4E0A\u4E0B\u7F05\u7538\u5747\u8BBE\u6709\u529E\u516C\u5BA4\u3002\u4E00\u4E9B\u62A5\u7EB8\u4E5F\u4F1A\u56E0\u5730\u5236\u5B9C\uFF0C\u7F05\u7538\u8BED\u7248\u7684\u5C31\u662F\u4E00\u4F8B\uFF0C\u5176\u4E2D\u6709\u5173\u4E8E\u4E0A\u7F05\u7538\u65B0\u95FB\u7684\u4E13\u680F\u3002\u5728\u8BED\u8A00\u7684\u5DEE\u5F02\u65B9\u9762\uFF0C\u4E0A\u7F05\u7538\u8BED\u5404\u65B9\u8A00\u4E4B\u95F4\u7684\u5DEE\u522B\u5FAE\u4E0D\u8DB3\u9053\uFF0C\u7279\u522B\u662F\u5728\u9009\u8BCD\u7528\u5B57\u4E0A\uFF1B\u800C\u5728\u4E0A\u4E0B\u7F05\u7538\u8BED\u4E4B\u95F4\u5219\u4E0D\u7136\uFF0C\u6BD4\u5982\u5728\u4EB2\u5C5E\u79F0\u8C13\u65B9\u9762\uFF0C\u4E0B\u7F05\u7538\u8BED\u4E0D\u50CF\u4E0A\u7F05\u7538\u8BED\u90A3\u6837\uFF0C\u4F1A\u533A\u5206\u51FA\u7236\u7CFB\u4EB2\u5C5E\u548C\u6BCD\u7CFB\u4EB2\u5C5E\u3002\u800C\u5728\u4F0A\u6D1B\u74E6\u5E95\u6C5F\u6D41\u57DF\uFF0C\u867D\u7136\u5305\u62EC\u4E86\u4E0B\u7F05\u7538\u7684\u90E8\u5206\u5730\u533A\uFF0C\u8FD9\u91CC\u7684\u7F05\u7538\u8BED\u5374\u76F8\u5F53\u4E00\u81F4\u3002"@zh . . . "\u4E0A\u30D3\u30EB\u30DE\uFF08Upper Burma, \u30D3\u30EB\u30DE\u8A9E: \u1021\u1011\u1000\u103A\u1019\u103C\u1014\u103A\u1019\u102C\u1015\u103C\u100A\u103A\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u30DF\u30E3\u30F3\u30DE\u30FC\uFF08\u30D3\u30EB\u30DE\uFF09\u306E\u5730\u57DF\u540D\u3067\u30A8\u30FC\u30E4\u30EF\u30C7\u30A3\u30FC\u5DDD\u6D41\u57DF\u306E\u5E73\u539F\u90E8\u306E\u3046\u3061\u4E0A\u6D41\u57DF\u3092\u6307\u3059\u3002"@ja . "A express\u00E3o Alta Birm\u00E2nia designa as partes centrais e setentrionais da Birm\u00E2nia, hoje Mianmar. Em 1852, depois da Segunda Guerra Anglo-Birmanesa, a Baixa Birm\u00E2nia foi anexada pelos ingleses. A Alta Birm\u00E2nia foi independente at\u00E9 ao fim da Terceira Guerra Anglo-Birmanesa em 1885. Tamb\u00E9m se chama a Alta Birm\u00E2nia de Birm\u00E2nia propriamente dita ou Reino de Ava. A sua popula\u00E7\u00E3o \u00E9 principalmente birmanesa ou \"Bram\u00E1\". A Alta Birm\u00E2nia \u00E9 cortada pelo curso rio Irrawaddy em seu caminho na dire\u00E7\u00E3o sul."@pt . . . . . "Upper Myanmar (Burmese: \u1021\u1011\u1000\u103A\u1019\u103C\u1014\u103A\u1019\u102C\u1015\u103C\u100A\u103A, also called Upper Burma) is a geographic region of Myanmar, traditionally encompassing Mandalay and its periphery (modern Mandalay, Sagaing, Magway Regions), or more broadly speaking, Kachin and Shan States. In the Burmese language, people originating from Upper Myanmar are typically called a-nya tha (\u1021\u100A\u102C\u101E\u102C\u1038), whereas those from Lower Myanmar are called auk tha (\u1021\u1031\u102C\u1000\u103A\u101E\u102C\u1038). The term \"upper Burma\" was first used by the British to refer to the central and northern area of what is now modern day Myanmar. After the Second Anglo-Burmese War of 1852, Lower Myanmar was annexed by the British Empire, while Upper Myanmar remained independent under the Burmese Empire until the Third Anglo-Burmese War of 1885. Upper Myanmar was also known as encompassing \"Burma proper\" and the Kingdom of Ava. Historically, Upper Myanmar was predominantly Bamar (whereas Lower Myanmar was historically Mon-speaking until the early 19th century), while the Frontier Areas, as designated by the colonial administration, included ethnic minority areas, such as the Shan States and modern Kachin State. This distinction between Upper and Lower Myanmar is also found in some government departments (for instance, the Ministry of Education has departments assigned to Upper or Lower Myanmar), while some newspapers make a distinction between the two bodies. The Burmese language edition of The Myanmar Times is an example; the newspaper devotes a section to news from Upper Myanmar. In terms of linguistic differences, there are minute differences between the variants of Burmese spoken by Upper Burmese, especially in vocabulary choice (such as kinship terms that differentiate the maternal and paternal sides of a family, which is not made in Lower Burmese speech). However, there is remarkable uniformity in the Burmese spoken throughout the Irrawaddy River valley, which also includes the delta-lying and coastal region of Lower Myanmar."@en . . . . "Haute-Birmanie"@fr . "\u4E0A\u30D3\u30EB\u30DE\uFF08Upper Burma, \u30D3\u30EB\u30DE\u8A9E: \u1021\u1011\u1000\u103A\u1019\u103C\u1014\u103A\u1019\u102C\u1015\u103C\u100A\u103A\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u30DF\u30E3\u30F3\u30DE\u30FC\uFF08\u30D3\u30EB\u30DE\uFF09\u306E\u5730\u57DF\u540D\u3067\u30A8\u30FC\u30E4\u30EF\u30C7\u30A3\u30FC\u5DDD\u6D41\u57DF\u306E\u5E73\u539F\u90E8\u306E\u3046\u3061\u4E0A\u6D41\u57DF\u3092\u6307\u3059\u3002"@ja . . "\u4E0A\u7F05\u7538\uFF08\u7DEC\u7538\u8A9E\uFF1A\u1021\u1011\u1000\u103A\u1019\u103C\u1014\u103A\u1019\u102C\u1015\u103C\u100A\u103A\uFF0C\u4EA6\u79F0\u771F\u7F05\u7538\uFF09\u662F\u7F05\u7538\u7684\u4E00\u4E2A\u5730\u7406\u533A\u57DF\uFF0C\u8207\u4E0B\u7DEC\u7538\u76F8\u5C0D\uFF0C\u4F20\u7EDF\u4E0A\u5305\u62EC\u66FC\u5FB7\u52D2\u53CA\u5176\u5468\u8FB9\u5730\u533A\uFF08\u4ECA\u66FC\u5FB7\u52D2\u7701\u3001\u5B9E\u7686\u7701\u548C\u9A6C\u572D\u7701\uFF09\uFF0C\u66F4\u5E7F\u6CDB\u5730\u8BF4\uFF0C\u8FD8\u5305\u62EC\u514B\u94A6\u90A6\u548C\u63B8\u90A6\u3002 \u5728\u7F05\u7538\u8BED\u4E2D\uFF0C\u4E0A\u7F05\u7538\u7684\u4EBA\u901A\u5E38\u88AB\u79F0\u4F5Ca-nya tha\uFF08\u7DEC\u7538\u8A9E\uFF1A\u1021\u100A\u102C\u101E\u102C\u1038\uFF09\uFF0C\u800C\u4E0B\u7F05\u7538\u7684\u4EBA\u5219\u88AB\u79F0\u4E3Aauk tha\uFF08\u7DEC\u7538\u8A9E\uFF1A\u1021\u1031\u102C\u1000\u103A\u101E\u102C\u1038\uFF09\u3002 \u8FD9\u4E2A\u8BCD\u8BED\u7531\u82F1\u56FD\u4EBA\u9996\u5148\u4F7F\u7528\uFF0C\u6307\u73B0\u4ECA\u7F05\u7538\u7684\u4E2D\u90E8\u53CA\u5317\u90E8\u5730\u533A\u30021852\u5E74\u7684\u7B2C\u4E8C\u6B21\u82F1\u7F05\u6218\u4E89\u540E\uFF0C\u4E0B\u7F05\u7538\u88AB\u5927\u82F1\u5E1D\u56FD\u541E\u5E76\uFF0C\u4E0A\u7F05\u7538\u5219\u5728\u8D21\u699C\u738B\u671D\u7684\u7EDF\u6CBB\u4E0B\u4FDD\u6301\u72EC\u7ACB\uFF0C\u76F4\u52301885\u5E74\u7684\u7B2C\u4E09\u6B21\u82F1\u7F05\u6218\u4E89\u3002 \u4E0A\u7F05\u7538\u4EA6\u88AB\u89C6\u4F5C\u7F05\u7538\u672C\u90E8\u53CA\u963F\u74E6\u738B\u56FD\u3002\u4ECE\u5386\u53F2\u4E0A\u6765\u8BF4\uFF0C\u4E0A\u7F05\u7538\u7684\u4EBA\u53E3\u4EE5\u7F05\u4EBA\u4E3A\u4E3B\uFF08\u4E0B\u7F05\u7538\u5219\u4E3B\u8981\u8BB2\u5B5F\u6587\uFF0C\u76F4\u523019\u4E16\u7EAA\u65E9\u671F\uFF09\uFF0C\u800C\u6B96\u6C11\u5730\u653F\u5E9C\u6307\u5B9A\u7684\u82F1\u5C5E\u7F05\u7538\u5219\u5305\u62EC\u4E86\u5C11\u6570\u6C11\u65CF\u5730\u57DF\uFF0C\u5982\u63B8\u56FD\u548C\u4ECA\u514B\u94A6\u90A6\u3002 \u4E0A\u4E0B\u7F05\u7538\u4E4B\u95F4\u7684\u5DEE\u5F02\u5728\u4E00\u4E9B\u653F\u5E9C\u90E8\u95E8\u4E2D\u4E5F\u6709\u6240\u4F53\u73B0\uFF0C\u5982\u5728\u4E0A\u4E0B\u7F05\u7538\u5747\u8BBE\u6709\u529E\u516C\u5BA4\u3002\u4E00\u4E9B\u62A5\u7EB8\u4E5F\u4F1A\u56E0\u5730\u5236\u5B9C\uFF0C\u7F05\u7538\u8BED\u7248\u7684\u5C31\u662F\u4E00\u4F8B\uFF0C\u5176\u4E2D\u6709\u5173\u4E8E\u4E0A\u7F05\u7538\u65B0\u95FB\u7684\u4E13\u680F\u3002\u5728\u8BED\u8A00\u7684\u5DEE\u5F02\u65B9\u9762\uFF0C\u4E0A\u7F05\u7538\u8BED\u5404\u65B9\u8A00\u4E4B\u95F4\u7684\u5DEE\u522B\u5FAE\u4E0D\u8DB3\u9053\uFF0C\u7279\u522B\u662F\u5728\u9009\u8BCD\u7528\u5B57\u4E0A\uFF1B\u800C\u5728\u4E0A\u4E0B\u7F05\u7538\u8BED\u4E4B\u95F4\u5219\u4E0D\u7136\uFF0C\u6BD4\u5982\u5728\u4EB2\u5C5E\u79F0\u8C13\u65B9\u9762\uFF0C\u4E0B\u7F05\u7538\u8BED\u4E0D\u50CF\u4E0A\u7F05\u7538\u8BED\u90A3\u6837\uFF0C\u4F1A\u533A\u5206\u51FA\u7236\u7CFB\u4EB2\u5C5E\u548C\u6BCD\u7CFB\u4EB2\u5C5E\u3002\u800C\u5728\u4F0A\u6D1B\u74E6\u5E95\u6C5F\u6D41\u57DF\uFF0C\u867D\u7136\u5305\u62EC\u4E86\u4E0B\u7F05\u7538\u7684\u90E8\u5206\u5730\u533A\uFF0C\u8FD9\u91CC\u7684\u7F05\u7538\u8BED\u5374\u76F8\u5F53\u4E00\u81F4\u3002"@zh . "\u4E0A\u30D3\u30EB\u30DE"@ja . . . . . "G\u00F3rna Birma"@pl . . "\uC0C1\uBBF8\uC580\uB9C8(\uBC84\uB9C8\uC5B4: \u1021\u1011\u1000\u103A\u1019\u103C\u1014\u103A\u1019\u102C\u1015\u103C\u100A\u103A, \uC601\uC5B4: Upper Myanmar)\uB294 \uBBF8\uC580\uB9C8\uC758 \uBD81\uBD80 \uC9C0\uC5ED\uC744 \uCD1D\uCE6D\uD558\uB294 \uC6A9\uC5B4\uB85C\uC11C \uD604\uC7AC\uC758 \uB9CC\uB2EC\uB808\uC774\uC640 \uC778\uADFC \uC9C0\uC5ED\uC744 \uD3EC\uAD04\uD55C\uB2E4. \uB354 \uB113\uAC8C \uB9D0\uD558\uBA74 \uCE74\uCE5C \uC8FC\uC640 \uC0E8 \uC8FC\uB97C \uD3EC\uAD04\uD55C\uB2E4. \uBC84\uB9C8\uC5B4\uC5D0\uC11C\uB294 \uC0C1\uBBF8\uC580\uB9C8 \uCD94\uC2E0 \uC0AC\uB78C\uB4E4\uC744 a-nya tha(\uBC84\uB9C8\uC5B4: \u1021\u100A\u102C\u101E\u102C\u1038)\uC774\uB77C \uCE6D\uD558\uB294 \uBC18\uBA74 \uD558\uBBF8\uC580\uB9C8 \uCD9C\uC2E0 \uC0AC\uB78C\uB4E4\uC740 auk tha(\uBC84\uB9C8\uC5B4: \u1021\u1031\u102C\u1000\u103A\u101E\u102C\u1038)\uB77C \uCE6D\uD55C\uB2E4. \uC0AC\uC2E4 \uCC98\uC74C\uC5D0\uB294 \uC601\uAD6D\uC774 \uD604\uC7AC \uBBF8\uC580\uB9C8\uC758 \uC911\uBD81\uBD80 \uC9C0\uBC29\uC744 \uC9C0\uCE6D\uD558\uAE30 \uC704\uD574 \uC0AC\uC6A9\uD55C \uC774\uB984\uC774\uB2E4. \uC81C2\uCC28 \uC601\uAD6D-\uBBF8\uC580\uB9C8 \uC804\uC7C1(1852) \uC774\uD6C4\uC5D0 \uBBF8\uC580\uB9C8\uAC00 \uAD6D\uD1A0 \uC808\uBC18\uC744 \uC783\uC73C\uBA74\uC11C [\uB300\uC601\uC81C\uAD6D]]\uC5D0 \uD569\uBCD1\uB418\uACE0 \uC0C1\uBBF8\uC580\uB9C8\uB9CC\uC774 \uAF30\uBC14\uC6C5 \uC655\uC870\uC758 \uC601\uD1A0\uB85C \uB0A8\uC558\uB2E4. \uC774 \uC9C0\uC5ED\uC740 \uC544\uBC14 \uC655\uAD6D\uC774\uB77C \uBD88\uB9AC\uAE30\uB3C4 \uD55C\uB2E4. \uC5ED\uC0AC\uC801\uC73C\uB85C\uB294 \uBC84\uB9C8\uC778\uC774 \uB300\uB2E4\uC218\uB97C \uCC28\uC9C0\uD588\uACE0 \uD558\uBBF8\uC580\uB9C8\uB294 \uC774\uC640 \uB2EC\uB9AC 1800\uB144\uB300 \uCD08\uAE4C\uC9C0 \uBAAC \uC871\uC744 \uC911\uC2EC\uC73C\uB85C \uD55C \uBAAC\uC5B4\uAC00 \uB110\uB9AC \uC4F0\uC778 \uAC83\uC73C\uB85C \uD30C\uC545\uB418\uACE0 \uC788\uB2E4. \uBCC0\uBC29 \uC9C0\uC5ED\uC740 \uC2DD\uBBFC\uC9C0 \uC2DC\uAE30 \uD589\uC815 \uAD6C\uC5ED\uC73C\uB85C \uD568\uAED8 \uB3D9\uCE6D\uB418\uC5C8\uC9C0\uB9CC \uC18C\uC218 \uBD80\uC871\uC758 \uAC70\uC8FC\uC9C0\uC774\uB2E4."@ko . "\u4E0A\u7F05\u7538"@zh . "2285049"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Upper Myanmar"@en . . "A express\u00E3o Alta Birm\u00E2nia designa as partes centrais e setentrionais da Birm\u00E2nia, hoje Mianmar. Em 1852, depois da Segunda Guerra Anglo-Birmanesa, a Baixa Birm\u00E2nia foi anexada pelos ingleses. A Alta Birm\u00E2nia foi independente at\u00E9 ao fim da Terceira Guerra Anglo-Birmanesa em 1885. Tamb\u00E9m se chama a Alta Birm\u00E2nia de Birm\u00E2nia propriamente dita ou Reino de Ava. A sua popula\u00E7\u00E3o \u00E9 principalmente birmanesa ou \"Bram\u00E1\". A Alta Birm\u00E2nia \u00E9 cortada pelo curso rio Irrawaddy em seu caminho na dire\u00E7\u00E3o sul."@pt . . . . . . "\uC0C1\uBBF8\uC580\uB9C8(\uBC84\uB9C8\uC5B4: \u1021\u1011\u1000\u103A\u1019\u103C\u1014\u103A\u1019\u102C\u1015\u103C\u100A\u103A, \uC601\uC5B4: Upper Myanmar)\uB294 \uBBF8\uC580\uB9C8\uC758 \uBD81\uBD80 \uC9C0\uC5ED\uC744 \uCD1D\uCE6D\uD558\uB294 \uC6A9\uC5B4\uB85C\uC11C \uD604\uC7AC\uC758 \uB9CC\uB2EC\uB808\uC774\uC640 \uC778\uADFC \uC9C0\uC5ED\uC744 \uD3EC\uAD04\uD55C\uB2E4. \uB354 \uB113\uAC8C \uB9D0\uD558\uBA74 \uCE74\uCE5C \uC8FC\uC640 \uC0E8 \uC8FC\uB97C \uD3EC\uAD04\uD55C\uB2E4. \uBC84\uB9C8\uC5B4\uC5D0\uC11C\uB294 \uC0C1\uBBF8\uC580\uB9C8 \uCD94\uC2E0 \uC0AC\uB78C\uB4E4\uC744 a-nya tha(\uBC84\uB9C8\uC5B4: \u1021\u100A\u102C\u101E\u102C\u1038)\uC774\uB77C \uCE6D\uD558\uB294 \uBC18\uBA74 \uD558\uBBF8\uC580\uB9C8 \uCD9C\uC2E0 \uC0AC\uB78C\uB4E4\uC740 auk tha(\uBC84\uB9C8\uC5B4: \u1021\u1031\u102C\u1000\u103A\u101E\u102C\u1038)\uB77C \uCE6D\uD55C\uB2E4. \uC0AC\uC2E4 \uCC98\uC74C\uC5D0\uB294 \uC601\uAD6D\uC774 \uD604\uC7AC \uBBF8\uC580\uB9C8\uC758 \uC911\uBD81\uBD80 \uC9C0\uBC29\uC744 \uC9C0\uCE6D\uD558\uAE30 \uC704\uD574 \uC0AC\uC6A9\uD55C \uC774\uB984\uC774\uB2E4. \uC81C2\uCC28 \uC601\uAD6D-\uBBF8\uC580\uB9C8 \uC804\uC7C1(1852) \uC774\uD6C4\uC5D0 \uBBF8\uC580\uB9C8\uAC00 \uAD6D\uD1A0 \uC808\uBC18\uC744 \uC783\uC73C\uBA74\uC11C [\uB300\uC601\uC81C\uAD6D]]\uC5D0 \uD569\uBCD1\uB418\uACE0 \uC0C1\uBBF8\uC580\uB9C8\uB9CC\uC774 \uAF30\uBC14\uC6C5 \uC655\uC870\uC758 \uC601\uD1A0\uB85C \uB0A8\uC558\uB2E4. \uC774 \uC9C0\uC5ED\uC740 \uC544\uBC14 \uC655\uAD6D\uC774\uB77C \uBD88\uB9AC\uAE30\uB3C4 \uD55C\uB2E4. \uC5ED\uC0AC\uC801\uC73C\uB85C\uB294 \uBC84\uB9C8\uC778\uC774 \uB300\uB2E4\uC218\uB97C \uCC28\uC9C0\uD588\uACE0 \uD558\uBBF8\uC580\uB9C8\uB294 \uC774\uC640 \uB2EC\uB9AC 1800\uB144\uB300 \uCD08\uAE4C\uC9C0 \uBAAC \uC871\uC744 \uC911\uC2EC\uC73C\uB85C \uD55C \uBAAC\uC5B4\uAC00 \uB110\uB9AC \uC4F0\uC778 \uAC83\uC73C\uB85C \uD30C\uC545\uB418\uACE0 \uC788\uB2E4. \uBCC0\uBC29 \uC9C0\uC5ED\uC740 \uC2DD\uBBFC\uC9C0 \uC2DC\uAE30 \uD589\uC815 \uAD6C\uC5ED\uC73C\uB85C \uD568\uAED8 \uB3D9\uCE6D\uB418\uC5C8\uC9C0\uB9CC \uC18C\uC218 \uBD80\uC871\uC758 \uAC70\uC8FC\uC9C0\uC774\uB2E4. \uC815\uBD80 \uC870\uC9C1\uC5D0\uC11C\uB3C4 \uC57D\uAC04\uC758 \uCC28\uC774\uAC00 \uB098\uD0C0\uB098\uB294\uB370 \uAD50\uC721\uBD80\uB294 \uC0C1\uD558 \uBBF8\uC580\uB9C8\uB97C \uB098\uB220 \uAD00\uD560\uD558\uACE0 \uC788\uACE0 \uC77C\uBD80 \uC2E0\uBB38\uC5D0\uC11C\uB3C4 \uC774 \uB450 \uAE30\uAD6C\uB97C \uBCC4\uCE6D\uD55C\uB2E4. \uBBF8\uC580\uB9C8\uD0C0\uC784\uC2A4 \uB610\uD55C \uC0C1\uBBF8\uC580\uB9C8\uC5D0 \uB300\uD55C \uC18C\uC2DD\uC744 \uB530\uB85C \uC804\uD55C\uB2E4. \uC5B8\uC5B4\uC801 \uCC28\uC774\uB85C\uB294 \uBC29\uC5B8\uC758 \uD2B9\uC131\uC0C1 \uC57D\uAC04\uC758 \uCC28\uC774\uAC00 \uC788\uC9C0\uB9CC \uC5B5\uC591\uC774\uB77C\uAE30 \uBCF4\uB2E4\uB294 \uB2E8\uC5B4 \uC120\uD0DD\uC758 \uCC28\uC774\uC5D0 \uC788\uC5B4\uC11C \uCC28\uC774\uAC00 \uB9CE\uC774 \uB09C\uB2E4. \uC77C\uB840\uB85C \uAC00\uC871 \uD638\uCE6D\uC5D0 \uC788\uC5B4\uC11C \uC5B4\uBA38\uB2C8\uC640 \uC544\uBC84\uC9C0 \uC591\uAC00\uC758 \uD638\uCE6D\uC774 \uC0C1\uBBF8\uC580\uB9C8 \uCD9C\uC2E0 \uC0AC\uB78C\uB4E4\uC740 \uB2E4\uB974\uC9C0\uB9CC \uD558\uBBF8\uC580\uB9C8 \uC9C0\uC5ED \uC0AC\uB78C\uB4E4\uC740 \uC774\uB7EC\uD55C \uCC28\uC774\uB97C \uB2E8\uC5B4 \uCC28\uC774\uB85C \uB450\uC9C0 \uC54A\uB294\uB2E4."@ko . "Upper Myanmar (Burmese: \u1021\u1011\u1000\u103A\u1019\u103C\u1014\u103A\u1019\u102C\u1015\u103C\u100A\u103A, also called Upper Burma) is a geographic region of Myanmar, traditionally encompassing Mandalay and its periphery (modern Mandalay, Sagaing, Magway Regions), or more broadly speaking, Kachin and Shan States. In the Burmese language, people originating from Upper Myanmar are typically called a-nya tha (\u1021\u100A\u102C\u101E\u102C\u1038), whereas those from Lower Myanmar are called auk tha (\u1021\u1031\u102C\u1000\u103A\u101E\u102C\u1038)."@en . "G\u00F3rna Birma (birm. \u1021\u1011\u1000\u103A\u1019\u103C\u1014\u103A\u1019\u102C\u1015\u103C\u100A\u103A, nazywana tak\u017Ce Mjanm\u0105 W\u0142a\u015Bciw\u0105) \u2013 region geograficzny Birmy (Mjanmy) obejmuj\u0105cy tradycyjnie Mandalaj i jego peryferia (wsp\u00F3\u0142czesne prowincje Mandalaj, Sikong i Magwe), a szerzej, tak\u017Ce stany Kaczin i Szan. W j\u0119zyku birma\u0144skim osoby pochodz\u0105ce z G\u00F3rnej Birmy nazywane s\u0105 zazwyczaj a-nya tha (\u1021\u100A\u102C\u101E\u102C\u1038), podczas gdy ci, kt\u00F3rzy wywodz\u0105 si\u0119 z Dolnej Birmy to auk tha (\u1021\u1031\u102C\u1000\u103A\u101E\u102C\u1038)."@pl . . . "Alta Birm\u00E2nia"@pt . . . . . "\uC0C1\uBBF8\uC580\uB9C8"@ko . "G\u00F3rna Birma (birm. \u1021\u1011\u1000\u103A\u1019\u103C\u1014\u103A\u1019\u102C\u1015\u103C\u100A\u103A, nazywana tak\u017Ce Mjanm\u0105 W\u0142a\u015Bciw\u0105) \u2013 region geograficzny Birmy (Mjanmy) obejmuj\u0105cy tradycyjnie Mandalaj i jego peryferia (wsp\u00F3\u0142czesne prowincje Mandalaj, Sikong i Magwe), a szerzej, tak\u017Ce stany Kaczin i Szan. W j\u0119zyku birma\u0144skim osoby pochodz\u0105ce z G\u00F3rnej Birmy nazywane s\u0105 zazwyczaj a-nya tha (\u1021\u100A\u102C\u101E\u102C\u1038), podczas gdy ci, kt\u00F3rzy wywodz\u0105 si\u0119 z Dolnej Birmy to auk tha (\u1021\u1031\u102C\u1000\u103A\u101E\u102C\u1038). Okre\u015Blenie to zosta\u0142o u\u017Cyte po raz pierwszy przez Brytyjczyk\u00F3w w odniesieniu do \u015Brodkowej i p\u00F3\u0142nocnej cz\u0119\u015Bci obszaru obejmowanego obecnie mianem Mjanmy (Birmy). Po II wojnie brytyjsko-birma\u0144skiej w roku 1852 Dolna Birma zosta\u0142a anektowana przez Imperium brytyjskie, podczas gdy G\u00F3rna Birma pozostawa\u0142a niepodleg\u0142a pod panowaniem Kr\u00F3lestwa Birmy a\u017C do czasu III wojny brytyjsko-birma\u0144skiej w roku 1885. G\u00F3rna Birma znana te\u017C by\u0142a jako Birma W\u0142a\u015Bciwa oraz jako Kr\u00F3lestwo Ava. Historycznie, G\u00F3rna Birma zamieszkana by\u0142a g\u0142\u00F3wnie przez lud Bamar (Birma\u0144czyk\u00F3w) (podczas gdy w Birmie Dolnej a\u017C do pocz\u0105tku XIX w. przewa\u017Ca\u0142 j\u0119zyk mon), a Obszary Graniczne, jak nazywa\u0142a je administracja kolonialna, obejmowa\u0142y tereny mniejszo\u015Bci etnicznych, takie jak stany Szan i wsp\u00F3\u0142czesny stan Kaczin. To rozr\u00F3\u017Cnienie mi\u0119dzy G\u00F3rn\u0105 a Doln\u0105 Birm\u0105 mo\u017Cna odnale\u017A\u0107 tak\u017Ce w niekt\u00F3rych instytucjach rz\u0105dowych (na przyk\u0142ad departamenty przypisane s\u0105 do G\u00F3rnej lub Dolnej Birmy) oraz w cz\u0119\u015Bci czasopism. Przyk\u0142adem mo\u017Ce by\u0107 edycja w j\u0119zyku birma\u0144skim \u2013 gazeta ta po\u015Bwi\u0119ca oddzieln\u0105 szpalt\u0119 na wiadomo\u015Bci z G\u00F3rnej Birmy. Je\u015Bli chodzi o r\u00F3\u017Cnice j\u0119zykowe, istniej\u0105 drobne odmienno\u015Bci dialekt\u00F3w j\u0119zyka birma\u0144skiego u\u017Cywanego przez G\u00F3rnych Birma\u0144czyk\u00F3w. Dotycz\u0105 one zw\u0142aszcza doboru s\u0142ownictwa (tak jak w przypadku okre\u015Ble\u0144 pokrewie\u0144stwa r\u00F3\u017Cnicuj\u0105cych matczyn\u0105 i ojcowsk\u0105 stron\u0119 rodziny, kt\u00F3re nie s\u0105 u\u017Cywane w mowie mieszka\u0144c\u00F3w Dolnej Birmy). J\u0119zyk birma\u0144ski u\u017Cywany wzd\u0142u\u017C doliny rzeki Irawadi, kt\u00F3ra obejmuje regiony le\u017C\u0105ce w delcie i na wybrze\u017Cu Dolnej Birmy, cechuje si\u0119 za to zdecydowan\u0105 jednolito\u015Bci\u0105."@pl . . . . . . . . .