. . . "Die Unterkonsumtionstheorie ist in der Volkswirtschaftslehre eine Theorie von John Atkinson Hobson, nach der die Entstehung von Wirtschaftskrisen (Unterkonsumtionskrise) aus einer unzureichenden Nachfrage nach Konsumg\u00FCtern zu erkl\u00E4ren ist und durch St\u00E4rkung der Massenkaufkraft durch Lohnerh\u00F6hungen bek\u00E4mpft werden kann. Gegensatz ist die \u00DCberproduktionstheorie."@de . . "Subconsumo"@pt . "O subconsumo \u00E9 uma teoria da economia que descreve recess\u00F5es e estagna\u00E7\u00F5es como fruto da demanda de consumo baixa ou inadequada. Em outras palavras, a exist\u00EAncia de uma superprodu\u00E7\u00E3o e superinvestimento em um per\u00EDodo de crise de demanda. Esta teoria serviu de base para o desenvolvimento da economia keynesiana e da teoria da demanda agregada, que \u00E9 a demanda total de bens e servi\u00E7os num per\u00EDodo. A teoria do subconsumo refere-se \u00E0 economia heterodoxa na Gr\u00E3-Bretanha no s\u00E9culo XIX, particularmente a partir de 1815, que a teoria do subconsumo teve um avan\u00E7o e rejeitou a economia cl\u00E1ssica na forma do modelo ricardiano. Com isso, os economistas n\u00E3o se unificaram e a teoria econ\u00F4mica principal da \u00E9poca rejeitou este movimento.Quem foi respons\u00E1vel por colocar a teoria do subconsumo em pautas principais, foi o economista John Maynard Keynes que desenvolveu pensamentos dessa teoria em suas obras, como em seu livro Teoria Geral do Emprego, do Juro e da Moeda publicado em 1936.O subconsumo \u00E9 um conceito bem antigo na economia, sendo visto no texto mercantilista franc\u00EAs de 1598 Les Tr\u00E9sors et richesses pour mettre l'Estat en Splendeur (Os tesouros e as riquezas para por o estado em esplendor) de Barth\u00E9lemy de Laffemas, se n\u00E3o at\u00E9 antes. O conceito de subconsumo foi repetidamente usado como parte para criticar a lei de say que discorre sobre o equil\u00EDbrio entre oferta e demanda, e a teoria do subconsumo discorda da forma como ocorre este equil\u00EDbrio. Depois disso a teoria do subconsumo foi amplamente substitu\u00EDda pela economia keynesiana, que aponta uma explica\u00E7\u00E3o mais completa do fracasso da demanda agregada em atingir o produto potencial, ou seja o n\u00EDvel de produ\u00E7\u00E3o equivalente ao pleno emprego, na qual uma das explica\u00E7\u00F5es de Keynes para este problema, \u00E9 a propens\u00E3o a poupar nessas condi\u00E7\u00F5es de pleno emprego uma somas superiores ao valor de capital requerido, impedindo a exist\u00EAncia e perman\u00EAncia do pleno emprego, sendo isso um caso de erro de previs\u00E3o. Uma das primeiras teorias diz que, como os trabalhadores recebem um valor menor do que o que eles de fato produzem, eles n\u00E3o podem comprar de volta tanto quanto eles produzem. Assim, sempre haver\u00E1 demanda inadequada pelo produto. Podendo complementar a outros pensamentos, o fato de os detentores de maior renda, n\u00E3o usarem seu dinheiro para o consumo e sim para poupan\u00E7a, gerando um desequil\u00EDbrio ainda maior na balan\u00E7a entre demanda e consumo agregados. Outra teoria desenvolvida e por partes apoiada por Keynes, \u00E9 a quest\u00E3o da poupan\u00E7a, na qual como a renda vai sempre em maior quantidade aos mais ricos, o ato de entesourar aquela renda traria uma imensa diminui\u00E7\u00E3o na demanda agregada. Sendo assim, o ato de poupar em exagero, traria crises econ\u00F4micas."@pt . . "\u041D\u0435\u0434\u043E\u0441\u043F\u043E\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F"@uk . . . 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(\u00AB\u0421\u043A\u0430\u0440\u0431\u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u043F\u043E\u0442\u0440\u0456\u0431\u043D\u0456 \u0430\u0431\u0438 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0443 \u0434\u043E \u0432\u0435\u043B\u0438\u0447\u0456\u00BB) , \u044F\u043A\u0449\u043E \u043D\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u043D\u0456\u0448\u0435. \u041A\u043E\u043D\u0446\u0435\u043F\u0446\u0456\u044F \u043D\u0435\u0434\u043E\u0441\u043F\u043E\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F \u043D\u0435\u043E\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043E\u0432\u043E \u0432\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0432\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0430\u0441\u044F \u044F\u043A \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043D\u0430 \u043A\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043A\u043E\u043D\u0443 \u0421\u0435\u044F, \u043F\u043E\u043A\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043E\u0440\u0456\u044F 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\u043F\u043E\u043F\u0438\u0442 \u043D\u0430 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0434\u0443\u043A\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0436\u0434\u0438 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435 \u043D\u0435\u0434\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043D\u0456\u043C."@uk . . . . . . . . . "Subconsumo"@es . . . "\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062A\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643"@ar . . . "Underconsumption is a theory in economics that recessions and stagnation arise from an inadequate consumer demand, relative to the amount produced. In other words, there is a problem of overproduction and overinvestment during a demand crisis. The theory formed the basis for the development of Keynesian economics and the theory of aggregate demand after the 1930s. One of the early underconsumption theories says that because workers are paid a wage less than they produce, they cannot buy back as much as they produce. Thus, there will always be inadequate demand for the product."@en . . "Underconsumption is a theory in economics that recessions and stagnation arise from an inadequate consumer demand, relative to the amount produced. In other words, there is a problem of overproduction and overinvestment during a demand crisis. The theory formed the basis for the development of Keynesian economics and the theory of aggregate demand after the 1930s. Underconsumption theory narrowly refers to heterodox economists in Britain in the 19th century, particularly from 1815 onwards, who advanced the theory of underconsumption and rejected classical economics in the form of Ricardian economics. The economists did not form a unified school, and their theories were rejected by mainstream economics of the time. Underconsumption is an old concept in economics that goes back to the 1598 French mercantilist text Les Tr\u00E9sors et richesses pour mettre l'Estat en Splendeur (The Treasures and riches to put the State in Splendor) by Barth\u00E9lemy de Laffemas, if not earlier. The concept of underconsumption had been used repeatedly as part of the criticism of Say's Law until underconsumption theory was largely replaced by Keynesian economics which points to a more complete explanation of the failure of aggregate demand to attain potential output, i.e., the level of production corresponding to full employment. One of the early underconsumption theories says that because workers are paid a wage less than they produce, they cannot buy back as much as they produce. Thus, there will always be inadequate demand for the product."@en . . . . "18516"^^ . . . . . . "O subconsumo \u00E9 uma teoria da economia que descreve recess\u00F5es e estagna\u00E7\u00F5es como fruto da demanda de consumo baixa ou inadequada. Em outras palavras, a exist\u00EAncia de uma superprodu\u00E7\u00E3o e superinvestimento em um per\u00EDodo de crise de demanda. Esta teoria serviu de base para o desenvolvimento da economia keynesiana e da teoria da demanda agregada, que \u00E9 a demanda total de bens e servi\u00E7os num per\u00EDodo."@pt . . "Il termine sottoconsumo, in macroeconomia, indica una situazione nella quale la scarsit\u00E0 della domanda \u00E8 causata da un livello troppo basso di consumo."@it . . . . . . . . "Onderconsumptie"@nl . . "De onderconsumptie-theorie in de economie, recessies en stagnatie ontstond als gevolg van onvoldoende vraag van de consumenten in relatie tot de geproduceerde hoeveelheid. De theorie vormde de basis voor de ontwikkeling van het keynesianisme en de theorie van de geaggregeerde vraag na de jaren 1930. Volgens sommige economen kan onderconsumptie leiden tot economische crisissen. De econoom Jean Charles L\u00E9onard de Sismondi formuleerde in 1815 als eerste de theorie van onderconsumptiecrisis. Het ontstaan van de onderconsumptietheorie is nauw verbonden met heterodoxe economen in het Groot-Brittanni\u00EB van de 19e eeuw, in het bijzonder vanaf 1815. Deze onderconsumptie-economen verwierp de klassieke economie in de vorm van de . Deze economen vormde geen uniforme school en hun theorie\u00EBn werden door de van hun tijd verworpen. Overproductie is de tegenhanger van onderconsumptie aan de vraagkant van vraag en aanbod."@nl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "680250"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Sottoconsumo"@it . . . . 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"Underconsumption"@en . "Die Unterkonsumtionstheorie ist in der Volkswirtschaftslehre eine Theorie von John Atkinson Hobson, nach der die Entstehung von Wirtschaftskrisen (Unterkonsumtionskrise) aus einer unzureichenden Nachfrage nach Konsumg\u00FCtern zu erkl\u00E4ren ist und durch St\u00E4rkung der Massenkaufkraft durch Lohnerh\u00F6hungen bek\u00E4mpft werden kann. Gegensatz ist die \u00DCberproduktionstheorie."@de . "De onderconsumptie-theorie in de economie, recessies en stagnatie ontstond als gevolg van onvoldoende vraag van de consumenten in relatie tot de geproduceerde hoeveelheid. De theorie vormde de basis voor de ontwikkeling van het keynesianisme en de theorie van de geaggregeerde vraag na de jaren 1930. Volgens sommige economen kan onderconsumptie leiden tot economische crisissen. De econoom Jean Charles L\u00E9onard de Sismondi formuleerde in 1815 als eerste de theorie van onderconsumptiecrisis. Overproductie is de tegenhanger van onderconsumptie aan de vraagkant van vraag en aanbod."@nl . "Subconsumo, en econom\u00EDa, y en relaci\u00F3n con la oferta y la demanda, es la situaci\u00F3n en la que la producci\u00F3n de bienes de consumo es superior a su demanda. Es decir, se produce una sobreproducci\u00F3n y una crisis de demanda\u200B"@es . "Subconsumo, en econom\u00EDa, y en relaci\u00F3n con la oferta y la demanda, es la situaci\u00F3n en la que la producci\u00F3n de bienes de consumo es superior a su demanda. Es decir, se produce una sobreproducci\u00F3n y una crisis de demanda\u200B"@es . . . . . "Unterkonsumtionstheorie"@de . . . . . . . . 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"Il termine sottoconsumo, in macroeconomia, indica una situazione nella quale la scarsit\u00E0 della domanda \u00E8 causata da un livello troppo basso di consumo."@it . . .