. . . . . . . "Toy model"@en . . "Modelo de juguete"@es . . "Toy-Modell"@de . "4263"^^ . "En f\u00EDsica, un modelo de juguete es un conjunto simplificado de objetos y las ecuaciones que los relacionan para que, sin embargo, puedan ser utilizados para entender un mecanismo que tambi\u00E9n es \u00FAtil en la teor\u00EDa completa, no simplificada. \n* En modelos matem\u00E1ticos de \"juguete\", esto es hecho generalmente al reducir el n\u00FAmero de dimensiones o reducir el n\u00FAmero de campos y variables o restringi\u00E9ndolas a una particular forma sim\u00E9trica. \n* En descripciones f\u00EDsicas de \"juguete\", es a menudo utilizado un ejemplo cotidiano de un mecanismo an\u00E1logo para ilustrar un efecto y hacer el fen\u00F3meno m\u00E1s f\u00E1cil de visualizar. Algunos ejemplos de \"modelos de juguete\" en la f\u00EDsica pueden ser: el modelo de ising como un modelo de juguete para el ferromagnetismo, o, m\u00E1s generalmente, como uno de los ejemplos m\u00E1s simples de los ; la mec\u00E1nica orbital descrita asumiendo que la tierra es atra\u00EDda al sol por una gran banda el\u00E1stica; la radiaci\u00F3n de Hawking alrededor de un agujero negro es descrita como la radiaci\u00F3n convencional de una membrana ficticia en radio r=2M (el del agujero negro); el alrededor de una estrella giratoria, considerado como el efecto del espacio consider\u00E1ndolo como un fluido \"arrastrable\" convencional. La frase \"modelo de tinker-toy\" es a veces tambi\u00E9n usada en este contexto, y se refiere al juguete de construcci\u00F3n especial para ni\u00F1os que permite a los objetos ser construidos con facilidad pero algo poco realista."@es . "\u30C8\u30A4\u30E2\u30C7\u30EB\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E: toy model\u3001toy\u306F\u300C\u304A\u3082\u3061\u3083\u300D\u306E\u610F\u5473\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u3001\u7269\u7406\u5B66\u306E\u30E2\u30C7\u30EA\u30F3\u30B0\u306B\u304A\u3044\u3066\u3001\u30E1\u30AB\u30CB\u30BA\u30E0\u3092\u7C21\u6F54\u306B\u8AAC\u660E\u3059\u308B\u306E\u306B\u5F79\u7ACB\u3064\u3088\u3046\u306B\u3001\u7D30\u90E8\u3092\u6368\u8C61\u3057\u3001\u610F\u56F3\u7684\u306B\u5358\u7D14\u5316\u3057\u305F\u30E2\u30C7\u30EB\u306E\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u30C8\u30A4\u30E2\u30C7\u30EB\u306F\u3001\u3088\u308A\u5B8C\u5168\u306A\u30E2\u30C7\u30EB\u306E\u8A18\u8FF0\u306B\u304A\u3044\u3066\u3082\u6709\u7528\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002 \n* \u300C\u30C8\u30A4\u300D\u7684\u306A\u6570\u7406\u30E2\u30C7\u30EB (\"toy\" mathematical models) \u2026 \u3053\u308C\u306F\u4E00\u822C\u7684\u306B\u3001\u6B21\u5143\u306E\u6570\u3092\u5897\u6E1B\u3055\u305B\u308B\u3001\u307E\u305F\u306F\u5834\u3084\u5909\u6570\u306E\u6570\u3092\u6E1B\u3089\u3059\u3001\u3042\u308B\u3044\u306F\u305D\u308C\u3089\u3092\u7279\u5B9A\u306E\u306B\u5236\u9650\u3059\u308B\u3053\u3068\u306B\u3088\u3063\u3066\u884C\u308F\u308C\u308B\u3002 \n* \u300C\u30C8\u30A4\u300D\u7684\u306A\u7269\u7406\u7684\u8A18\u8FF0 (\"toy\" physical descriptions) \u2026 \u65E5\u5E38\u7684\u306A\u30E1\u30AB\u30CB\u30BA\u30E0\u306E\u985E\u4F3C\u4F8B\u304C\u3001\u56F3\u89E3\u306E\u305F\u3081\u306B\u3057\u3070\u3057\u3070\u4F7F\u7528\u3055\u308C\u308B\u3002 \u5B50\u4F9B\u306E\u69CB\u6210\u4E3B\u7FA9\u7684\u5B66\u7FD2\u306B\u4F7F\u7528\u3055\u308C\u308B\u6709\u540D\u306A\u304A\u3082\u3061\u3083\u300C\u300D\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E: Tinkertoy\uFF09\u304B\u3089\u3001\u300C\u30C6\u30A3\u30F3\u30AB\u30FC\u30C8\u30A4\u30E2\u30C7\u30EB\u300D\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E: \"tinker-toy model\"\uFF09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8A00\u3044\u56DE\u3057\u304C\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308C\u308B\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3042\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . . "In the modeling of physics, a toy model is a deliberately simplistic model with many details removed so that it can be used to explain a mechanism concisely. It is also useful in a description of the fuller model. \n* In \"toy\" mathematical models, this is usually done by reducing or extending the number of dimensions or reducing the number of fields/variables or restricting them to a particular symmetric form. \n* In Macroeconomics modelling, are a class of models, some may be only loosely based on theory, others more explicitly so. But they have the same purpose. They allow for a quick first pass at some question, and present the essence of the answer from a more complicated model or from a class of models. For the researcher, they may come before writing a more elaborate model, or after, once the elaborate model has been worked out. Blanchard list of examples includes IS\u2013LM model, the Mundell\u2013Fleming model, the RBC model, and the New Keynesian model. \n* In \"toy\" physical descriptions, an analogous example of an everyday mechanism is often used for illustration. The phrase \"tinker-toy model\" is also used, in reference to the popular Tinkertoys used for children's constructivist learning."@en . "Mod\u00E8le-jouet"@fr . . . . . "\u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0627\u0621\u060C \u064A\u0639\u062A\u0628\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062C \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0629 (Toy model) \u062A\u0645\u062B\u064A\u0644\u064B\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0633\u0637\u064B\u0627 \u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062C \u0631\u064A\u0627\u0636\u064A \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0627\u0626\u064A\u060C \u064A\u062A\u0645 \u062A\u0642\u062F\u064A\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062C\u0644 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0622\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0645\u0630\u062C\u0629 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062F\u0629. \n* \u063A\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064B\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064A\u062A\u0645 \u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062C \u0644\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0631\u064A\u0627\u0636\u064A \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064A\u0642 \u062A\u0642\u0644\u064A\u0644 \u0639\u062F\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062F\u060C \u0623\u0648 \u062A\u0642\u0644\u064A\u0644 \u0639\u062F\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u063A\u064A\u0631\u0627\u062A \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0642\u0648\u0644\u060C \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0635\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062A\u0645\u0627\u062B\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u064A\u0646. \n* \u064A\u062A\u0645\u064A\u0632 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062C \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0627\u0626\u064A \u0628\u0645\u062B\u0627\u0644 \u064A\u0648\u0645\u064A \u0623\u0648 \u0622\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u062A\u064F\u0633\u062A\u062E\u062F\u0645 \u063A\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064B\u0627 \u0644\u062A\u0648\u0636\u064A\u062D \u062A\u0623\u062B\u064A\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062C\u0644 \u062A\u0633\u0647\u064A\u0644 \u062A\u062E\u064A\u0644\u0647. \u064A\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062A\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062B\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062C \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0627\u0626\u064A\u0629: \u0645\u064A\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0643\u0627 \u0645\u062F\u0627\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0643\u0631\u062A\u064A\u0646 \u062A\u062F\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u064A\u0637 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0637\u064A\u061B \u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639 \u0647\u0648\u0643\u064A\u0646\u063A \u062D\u0648\u0644 \u062B\u0642\u0628 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u062F \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0641 \u0643\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639 \u062A\u0642\u0644\u064A\u062F\u064A \u0644\u063A\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0647\u0645\u064A \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0642\u0637\u0631\u0647 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0631\u062A\u0632\u0634\u064A\u0644\u062F\u061B . . ."@ar . . . "En physique, un mod\u00E8le-jouet (en anglais toy model) est une repr\u00E9sentation simplifi\u00E9e d'un mod\u00E8le math\u00E9matique ou physique, introduite pour comprendre plus facilement un m\u00E9canisme ou une th\u00E9orie ou bien afin de mod\u00E9liser plus simplement un ph\u00E9nom\u00E8ne complexe. \n* Un mod\u00E8le-jouet math\u00E9matique est souvent r\u00E9alis\u00E9 en r\u00E9duisant le nombre de dimensions, en r\u00E9duisant le nombre de variables ou de champs, ou en les limitant \u00E0 une forme sym\u00E9trique particuli\u00E8re. \n* Un mod\u00E8le-jouet physique se caract\u00E9rise par un exemple quotidien ou un m\u00E9canisme analogue qui est souvent utilis\u00E9 pour illustrer un effet dans le but de le rendre plus facile \u00E0 visualiser. Quelques exemples de mod\u00E8les-jouets physiques peuvent \u00EAtre : la m\u00E9canique orbitale d\u00E9crite par deux sph\u00E8res tournoyantes attach\u00E9es par un \u00E9lastique ; le rayonnement de Hawking autour d'un trou noir d\u00E9crit par un rayonnement conventionnel d'un membrane fictive dont le rayon vaut r=2M ; ... En physique statistique, il existe un grand nombre de mod\u00E8les-jouet : le mod\u00E8le de Debye et le mod\u00E8le d'Einstein, qui sont des simplifications du comportement des atomes au sein d'un cristal afin de mod\u00E9liser les propri\u00E9t\u00E9s physiques d'un cristal solide, le mod\u00E8le d'Ising, qui mod\u00E9lise le magn\u00E9tisme dans la mati\u00E8re, le mod\u00E8le \u00E0 six sommets qui est une repr\u00E9sentation de glace solide."@fr . . . . "\u30C8\u30A4\u30E2\u30C7\u30EB\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E: toy model\u3001toy\u306F\u300C\u304A\u3082\u3061\u3083\u300D\u306E\u610F\u5473\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u3001\u7269\u7406\u5B66\u306E\u30E2\u30C7\u30EA\u30F3\u30B0\u306B\u304A\u3044\u3066\u3001\u30E1\u30AB\u30CB\u30BA\u30E0\u3092\u7C21\u6F54\u306B\u8AAC\u660E\u3059\u308B\u306E\u306B\u5F79\u7ACB\u3064\u3088\u3046\u306B\u3001\u7D30\u90E8\u3092\u6368\u8C61\u3057\u3001\u610F\u56F3\u7684\u306B\u5358\u7D14\u5316\u3057\u305F\u30E2\u30C7\u30EB\u306E\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u30C8\u30A4\u30E2\u30C7\u30EB\u306F\u3001\u3088\u308A\u5B8C\u5168\u306A\u30E2\u30C7\u30EB\u306E\u8A18\u8FF0\u306B\u304A\u3044\u3066\u3082\u6709\u7528\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002 \n* \u300C\u30C8\u30A4\u300D\u7684\u306A\u6570\u7406\u30E2\u30C7\u30EB (\"toy\" mathematical models) \u2026 \u3053\u308C\u306F\u4E00\u822C\u7684\u306B\u3001\u6B21\u5143\u306E\u6570\u3092\u5897\u6E1B\u3055\u305B\u308B\u3001\u307E\u305F\u306F\u5834\u3084\u5909\u6570\u306E\u6570\u3092\u6E1B\u3089\u3059\u3001\u3042\u308B\u3044\u306F\u305D\u308C\u3089\u3092\u7279\u5B9A\u306E\u306B\u5236\u9650\u3059\u308B\u3053\u3068\u306B\u3088\u3063\u3066\u884C\u308F\u308C\u308B\u3002 \n* \u300C\u30C8\u30A4\u300D\u7684\u306A\u7269\u7406\u7684\u8A18\u8FF0 (\"toy\" physical descriptions) \u2026 \u65E5\u5E38\u7684\u306A\u30E1\u30AB\u30CB\u30BA\u30E0\u306E\u985E\u4F3C\u4F8B\u304C\u3001\u56F3\u89E3\u306E\u305F\u3081\u306B\u3057\u3070\u3057\u3070\u4F7F\u7528\u3055\u308C\u308B\u3002 \u5B50\u4F9B\u306E\u69CB\u6210\u4E3B\u7FA9\u7684\u5B66\u7FD2\u306B\u4F7F\u7528\u3055\u308C\u308B\u6709\u540D\u306A\u304A\u3082\u3061\u3083\u300C\u300D\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E: Tinkertoy\uFF09\u304B\u3089\u3001\u300C\u30C6\u30A3\u30F3\u30AB\u30FC\u30C8\u30A4\u30E2\u30C7\u30EB\u300D\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E: \"tinker-toy model\"\uFF09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8A00\u3044\u56DE\u3057\u304C\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308C\u308B\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3042\u308B\u3002"@ja . . "Nella fisica un toy model (traducibile in modello giocattolo) \u00E8 un insieme di rappresentazioni concettuali e di equazioni relative semplificate di un sistema fisico, ma che possono comunque essere utilizzate come base per comprendere un meccanismo in generale pi\u00F9 complicato. Possiamo classificare i toy model in due categorie:"@it . "\u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0627\u0621\u060C \u064A\u0639\u062A\u0628\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062C \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0629 (Toy model) \u062A\u0645\u062B\u064A\u0644\u064B\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0633\u0637\u064B\u0627 \u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062C \u0631\u064A\u0627\u0636\u064A \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0627\u0626\u064A\u060C \u064A\u062A\u0645 \u062A\u0642\u062F\u064A\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062C\u0644 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0622\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0645\u0630\u062C\u0629 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062F\u0629. \n* \u063A\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064B\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064A\u062A\u0645 \u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062C \u0644\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0631\u064A\u0627\u0636\u064A \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064A\u0642 \u062A\u0642\u0644\u064A\u0644 \u0639\u062F\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062F\u060C \u0623\u0648 \u062A\u0642\u0644\u064A\u0644 \u0639\u062F\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u063A\u064A\u0631\u0627\u062A \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0642\u0648\u0644\u060C \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0635\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062A\u0645\u0627\u062B\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u064A\u0646. \n* \u064A\u062A\u0645\u064A\u0632 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062C \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0627\u0626\u064A \u0628\u0645\u062B\u0627\u0644 \u064A\u0648\u0645\u064A \u0623\u0648 \u0622\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u062A\u064F\u0633\u062A\u062E\u062F\u0645 \u063A\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064B\u0627 \u0644\u062A\u0648\u0636\u064A\u062D \u062A\u0623\u062B\u064A\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062C\u0644 \u062A\u0633\u0647\u064A\u0644 \u062A\u062E\u064A\u0644\u0647. \u064A\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062A\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062B\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062C \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0627\u0626\u064A\u0629: \u0645\u064A\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0643\u0627 \u0645\u062F\u0627\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0643\u0631\u062A\u064A\u0646 \u062A\u062F\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u064A\u0637 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0637\u064A\u061B \u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639 \u0647\u0648\u0643\u064A\u0646\u063A \u062D\u0648\u0644 \u062B\u0642\u0628 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u062F \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0641 \u0643\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639 \u062A\u0642\u0644\u064A\u062F\u064A \u0644\u063A\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0647\u0645\u064A \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0642\u0637\u0631\u0647 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0631\u062A\u0632\u0634\u064A\u0644\u062F\u061B . . . \u064A\u0648\u062C\u062F \u0639\u062F\u062F \u0643\u0628\u064A\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062C \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062D\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064A\u0629: \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062C \u062F\u064A\u0628\u0627\u064A \u0648\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062C \u0623\u064A\u0646\u0634\u062A\u0627\u064A\u0646\u060C \u0648\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u062A\u0628\u0633\u064A\u0637\u0627\u062A \u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u062A \u062F\u0627\u062E\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062C\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0630\u062C\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062E\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0627\u0626\u064A\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060C \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062C \u0625\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0646\u062C\u060C \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A \u064A\u0635\u0648\u063A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063A\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064A\u0633\u064A\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062F\u0629\u060C \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062C \u0630\u0648 \u0633\u062A\u0629 \u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062A\u0645\u062B\u064A\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062C\u0644\u064A\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628."@ar . . "Toy model"@it . . "\u30C8\u30A4\u30E2\u30C7\u30EB"@ja . . "Modelo de brinquedo"@pt . . "En f\u00EDsica, un modelo de juguete es un conjunto simplificado de objetos y las ecuaciones que los relacionan para que, sin embargo, puedan ser utilizados para entender un mecanismo que tambi\u00E9n es \u00FAtil en la teor\u00EDa completa, no simplificada. La frase \"modelo de tinker-toy\" es a veces tambi\u00E9n usada en este contexto, y se refiere al juguete de construcci\u00F3n especial para ni\u00F1os que permite a los objetos ser construidos con facilidad pero algo poco realista."@es . . "In the modeling of physics, a toy model is a deliberately simplistic model with many details removed so that it can be used to explain a mechanism concisely. It is also useful in a description of the fuller model. The phrase \"tinker-toy model\" is also used, in reference to the popular Tinkertoys used for children's constructivist learning."@en . . . . "\u0418\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0435\u0447\u043D\u0430\u044F \u043C\u043E\u0434\u0435\u043B\u044C"@ru . "\u73A9\u5177\u6A21\u578B"@zh . . "\u041F\u0440\u0438 \u043C\u043E\u0434\u0435\u043B\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0438 \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043A\u0438 \u0438\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0435\u0447\u043D\u0430\u044F \u043C\u043E\u0434\u0435\u043B\u044C \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043B\u044F\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043E\u0431\u043E\u0439 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043D\u0430\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E \u0443\u043F\u0440\u043E\u0449\u0451\u043D\u043D\u0443\u044E \u043C\u043E\u0434\u0435\u043B\u044C \u0441 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435\u043C \u043C\u043D\u043E\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043B\u0435\u0439, \u0442\u0430\u043A \u0447\u0442\u043E \u0435\u0451 \u043C\u043E\u0436\u043D\u043E \u0438\u0441\u043F\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0437\u043E\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044C \u0434\u043B\u044F \u043A\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043E\u0431\u044A\u044F\u0441\u043D\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u043C\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0437\u043C\u0430. \u042D\u0442\u043E \u0442\u0430\u043A\u0436\u0435 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0437\u043D\u043E \u0432 \u043E\u043F\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0438 \u0431\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0435 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u043C\u043E\u0434\u0435\u043B\u0438. \n* \u0412 \u00AB\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0435\u0447\u043D\u044B\u0445\u00BB \u043C\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043C\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u043C\u043E\u0434\u0435\u043B\u044F\u0445 \u044D\u0442\u043E \u043E\u0431\u044B\u0447\u043D\u043E \u0434\u0435\u043B\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u043F\u0443\u0442\u0451\u043C \u0443\u043C\u0435\u043D\u044C\u0448\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u0443\u0432\u0435\u043B\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u043A\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u0443\u043C\u0435\u043D\u044C\u0448\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u043A\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0439/\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u043E\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0438\u0445 \u0434\u043E \u043E\u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043B\u0451\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u043C\u043C\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u044B. \n* \u0412 \u00AB\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0435\u0447\u043D\u044B\u0445\u00BB \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u043E\u043F\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F\u0445 \u0430\u043D\u0430\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0438\u0447\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0435\u0440 \u043F\u043E\u0432\u0441\u0435\u0434\u043D\u0435\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043C\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0437\u043C\u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043E \u0438\u0441\u043F\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0434\u043B\u044F \u0438\u043B\u043B\u044E\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438."@ru . . . "1065186938"^^ . "Ein Toy-Modell (Spielzeugmodell) vereinfacht einen physikalischen oder mathematischen Sachverhalt so stark, dass man die wesentlichen Eigenschaften des Systems einfach verstehen oder veranschaulichen kann."@de . "Ein Toy-Modell (Spielzeugmodell) vereinfacht einen physikalischen oder mathematischen Sachverhalt so stark, dass man die wesentlichen Eigenschaften des Systems einfach verstehen oder veranschaulichen kann."@de . . . . "Na modelagem da f\u00EDsica, um modelo de brinquedo (toy model, em ingl\u00EAs) \u00E9 um modelo deliberadamente simplista, com muitos detalhes removidos, para que possa ser usado para explicar um mecanismo de forma concisa. Tamb\u00E9m \u00E9 \u00FAtil em uma descri\u00E7\u00E3o do modelo mais completo. Os modelos s\u00E3o de import\u00E2ncia central em muitos contextos cient\u00EDficos. Modelo de brinquedo \u00E9 um termo que n\u00E3o se destina a ter conota\u00E7\u00F5es depreciativas ou depreciativas. Exemplos paradigm\u00E1ticos de modelos de brinquedos incluem o modelo de Ising em f\u00EDsica, o em ecologia populacional e o nas ci\u00EAncias sociais."@pt . . "\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062C \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0629"@ar . "En physique, un mod\u00E8le-jouet (en anglais toy model) est une repr\u00E9sentation simplifi\u00E9e d'un mod\u00E8le math\u00E9matique ou physique, introduite pour comprendre plus facilement un m\u00E9canisme ou une th\u00E9orie ou bien afin de mod\u00E9liser plus simplement un ph\u00E9nom\u00E8ne complexe. Quelques exemples de mod\u00E8les-jouets physiques peuvent \u00EAtre : la m\u00E9canique orbitale d\u00E9crite par deux sph\u00E8res tournoyantes attach\u00E9es par un \u00E9lastique ; le rayonnement de Hawking autour d'un trou noir d\u00E9crit par un rayonnement conventionnel d'un membrane fictive dont le rayon vaut r=2M ; ..."@fr . . . . . . "\u5728\u7269\u7406\u3001\u6578\u5B78\u6216\u5B8F\u89C2\u7ECF\u6D4E\u5B66\u5EFA\u6A21\u4E2D\uFF0C\u73A9\u5177\u6A21\u578B\uFF08Toy model\uFF09\u662F\u4E00\u79CD\u523B\u610F\u7B80\u5316\u7684\u6A21\u578B\uFF0C\u5B83\u53BB\u9664\u4E86\u8BB8\u591A\u8907\u96DC\u7684\u7EC6\u8282\uFF0C\u8FD9\u6837\u4EBA\u5011\u5C31\u53EF\u4EE5\u7528\u5B83\u6765\u7B80\u6D01\u5730\u89E3\u91CA\u4E00\u4E2A\u673A\u5236\u3002\u5B83\u5728\u63CF\u8FF0\u66F4\u5B8C\u6574\u7684\u6A21\u578B\u65F6\u4E5F\u5F88\u6709\u7528\u3002"@zh . . "Na modelagem da f\u00EDsica, um modelo de brinquedo (toy model, em ingl\u00EAs) \u00E9 um modelo deliberadamente simplista, com muitos detalhes removidos, para que possa ser usado para explicar um mecanismo de forma concisa. Tamb\u00E9m \u00E9 \u00FAtil em uma descri\u00E7\u00E3o do modelo mais completo. Os modelos s\u00E3o de import\u00E2ncia central em muitos contextos cient\u00EDficos. Modelo de brinquedo \u00E9 um termo que n\u00E3o se destina a ter conota\u00E7\u00F5es depreciativas ou depreciativas. Exemplos paradigm\u00E1ticos de modelos de brinquedos incluem o modelo de Ising em f\u00EDsica, o em ecologia populacional e o nas ci\u00EAncias sociais."@pt . . "\u5728\u7269\u7406\u3001\u6578\u5B78\u6216\u5B8F\u89C2\u7ECF\u6D4E\u5B66\u5EFA\u6A21\u4E2D\uFF0C\u73A9\u5177\u6A21\u578B\uFF08Toy model\uFF09\u662F\u4E00\u79CD\u523B\u610F\u7B80\u5316\u7684\u6A21\u578B\uFF0C\u5B83\u53BB\u9664\u4E86\u8BB8\u591A\u8907\u96DC\u7684\u7EC6\u8282\uFF0C\u8FD9\u6837\u4EBA\u5011\u5C31\u53EF\u4EE5\u7528\u5B83\u6765\u7B80\u6D01\u5730\u89E3\u91CA\u4E00\u4E2A\u673A\u5236\u3002\u5B83\u5728\u63CF\u8FF0\u66F4\u5B8C\u6574\u7684\u6A21\u578B\u65F6\u4E5F\u5F88\u6709\u7528\u3002"@zh . "701142"^^ . "Nella fisica un toy model (traducibile in modello giocattolo) \u00E8 un insieme di rappresentazioni concettuali e di equazioni relative semplificate di un sistema fisico, ma che possono comunque essere utilizzate come base per comprendere un meccanismo in generale pi\u00F9 complicato. Possiamo classificare i toy model in due categorie: 1. \n* I toy model matematici i quali di norma utilizzano la riduzione del numero delle dimensioni o della riduzione del numero di campi e/o variabili oppure la limitazione ad una particolare forma simmetrica ; 2. \n* I toy model per le descrizioni fisiche i quali rappresentano i fenomeni reali con meccanismi analoghi e vengono spesso utilizzati per illustrare un effetto in modo da renderlo pi\u00F9 facile da visualizzare ."@it . . . . "\u041F\u0440\u0438 \u043C\u043E\u0434\u0435\u043B\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0438 \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043A\u0438 \u0438\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0435\u0447\u043D\u0430\u044F \u043C\u043E\u0434\u0435\u043B\u044C \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043B\u044F\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043E\u0431\u043E\u0439 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043D\u0430\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E \u0443\u043F\u0440\u043E\u0449\u0451\u043D\u043D\u0443\u044E \u043C\u043E\u0434\u0435\u043B\u044C \u0441 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435\u043C \u043C\u043D\u043E\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043B\u0435\u0439, \u0442\u0430\u043A \u0447\u0442\u043E \u0435\u0451 \u043C\u043E\u0436\u043D\u043E \u0438\u0441\u043F\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0437\u043E\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044C \u0434\u043B\u044F \u043A\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043E\u0431\u044A\u044F\u0441\u043D\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u043C\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0437\u043C\u0430. \u042D\u0442\u043E \u0442\u0430\u043A\u0436\u0435 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0437\u043D\u043E \u0432 \u043E\u043F\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0438 \u0431\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0435 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u043C\u043E\u0434\u0435\u043B\u0438. \n* \u0412 \u00AB\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0435\u0447\u043D\u044B\u0445\u00BB \u043C\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043C\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u043C\u043E\u0434\u0435\u043B\u044F\u0445 \u044D\u0442\u043E \u043E\u0431\u044B\u0447\u043D\u043E \u0434\u0435\u043B\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u043F\u0443\u0442\u0451\u043C \u0443\u043C\u0435\u043D\u044C\u0448\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u0443\u0432\u0435\u043B\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u043A\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u0443\u043C\u0435\u043D\u044C\u0448\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u043A\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0439/\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u043E\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0438\u0445 \u0434\u043E \u043E\u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043B\u0451\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u043C\u043C\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u044B. \n* \u0412 \u00AB\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0435\u0447\u043D\u044B\u0445\u00BB \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u043E\u043F\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F\u0445 \u0430\u043D\u0430\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0438\u0447\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0435\u0440 \u043F\u043E\u0432\u0441\u0435\u0434\u043D\u0435\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043C\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0437\u043C\u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043E \u0438\u0441\u043F\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0434\u043B\u044F \u0438\u043B\u043B\u044E\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438."@ru . .