. . . . . . . . . . . . "Thomas Stephen Szasz (/s\u0251\u02D0s/ SAHSS; Hungarian: Sz\u00E1sz Tam\u00E1s Istv\u00E1n [sa\u02D0s]; 15 April 1920 \u2013 8 September 2012) was a Hungarian-American academic and psychiatrist. He served for most of his career as professor of psychiatry at the State University of New York Upstate Medical University in Syracuse, New York. A distinguished lifetime fellow of the American Psychiatric Association and a life member of the American Psychoanalytic Association, he was best known as a social critic of the moral and scientific foundations of psychiatry, as what he saw as the social control aims of medicine in modern society, as well as scientism. His books The Myth of Mental Illness (1961) and The Manufacture of Madness (1970) set out some of the arguments most associated with him. Szasz argued throughout his career that mental illness is a metaphor for human problems in living, and that mental illnesses are not \"illnesses\" in the sense that physical illnesses are, and that except for a few identifiable brain diseases, there are \"neither biological or chemical tests nor biopsy or necropsy findings for verifying DSM diagnoses.\" Szasz maintained throughout his career that he was not anti-psychiatry but rather that he opposed coercive psychiatry. He was a staunch opponent of civil commitment and involuntary psychiatric treatment, but he believed in and practiced psychiatry and psychotherapy between consenting adults."@en . . . . . . . . . "Thomas Stephen Szasz (ur. jako Tam\u00E1s Istv\u00E1n Sz\u00E1sz 14 kwietnia 1920 w Budapeszcie, zm. 8 wrze\u015Bnia 2012 w Manlius) \u2013 ameryka\u0144ski psychiatra i psychoanalityk w\u0119gierskiego pochodzenia, wyk\u0142adowca akademicki, autor, dzia\u0142acz spo\u0142eczny. Od 1990 profesor emeritus psychiatrii w Health Science Center w Syracuse w stanie Nowy Jork. Czo\u0142owy dzia\u0142acz ruchu antypsychiatrii, autor ksi\u0105\u017Cek The Myth of Mental Illness (1960), Law, liberty, and psychiatry: an inquiry into the social uses of mental health practice (1963), The Manufacture of Madness: A Comparative Study of the Inquisition and the Mental Health Movement (1970). Jego podstawowe za\u0142o\u017Cenie by\u0142o, i\u017C szale\u0144stwo, jako objaw chor\u00F3b typu schizofrenii, jest po prostu metafor\u0105. W 1973 przyzna\u0142o mu tytu\u0142 \u201EHumanist of the Year\u201D."@pl . "Award for Greatest Public Service Benefiting the Disadvantaged , Martin Buber Award , Humanist Laureate Award , Great Lake Association of Clinical Medicine Patients' Rights Advocate Award , American Psychological Association Rollo May Award"@en . . . . . . . . "Thomas Szasz (15. dubna 1920, Budape\u0161\u0165, Ma\u010Farsko \u2013 8. z\u00E1\u0159\u00ED 2012, Manlius, New York, USA) byl americk\u00FD psychiatr ma\u010Farsk\u00E9ho p\u016Fvodu. Stal se kritikem mor\u00E1ln\u00EDch i v\u011Bdeck\u00FDch z\u00E1klad\u016F klasick\u00E9 psychiatrie, jedn\u00EDm z p\u0159edstavitel\u016F antipsychiatrie."@cs . . . . . . . . . . . . "Thomas Szasz"@cs . . "Thomas Szasz"@es . . . . . . . . . . "Thomas Istvan Szasz (Budapest, Hongria, 15 d'abril de 1920 - 8 de setembre de 2012) fou un professor de psiquiatria a la Universitat de Siracusa a Nova York. Szasz va ser un cr\u00EDtic dels fonaments morals i cient\u00EDfics de la psiquiatria i un dels referents de l'antipsiquiatria. Thomas Szasz va acabar amb la seva vida el 8 de setembre de 2012 amb 92 anys. No volia patir el dolor cr\u00F2nic, conseq\u00FC\u00E8ncia d'una caiguda poc abans. Szasz defensava el dret al su\u00EFcidi als seus escrits."@ca . "Thomas Stephen Szasz, ursprungligen Tam\u00E1s Istv\u00E1n Sz\u00E1sz, f\u00F6dd 15 april 1920 i Budapest, Ungern, d\u00F6d 8 september 2012 i , Onondaga County, New York, var en ungersk-amerikansk psykiater och psykoanalytiker. Szasz \u00E4r k\u00E4nd f\u00F6r sin kritik mot vetenskapligheten i psykiatrin och begreppet \"psykisk sjukdom\". I kontrast till fysiska sjukdomar \u00E4r psykiska sjukdomar inte \"sjukdomar\" i samma avseende som de fysiska enligt Szasz. F\u00F6rutom ett par verkligt identifierbara hj\u00E4rnsjukdomar, fungerar varken \"biologiska tester, kemiska tester, v\u00E4vnadsprovtagning, eller obduktion, eller \u00F6vriga fynd f\u00F6r att verifiera symptomdiagnoserna i DSM.\""@sv . . . "no"@en . . . . . . "no"@en . . . . "Thomas Istvan Szasz (Budapest, Hungr\u00EDa, 15 de abril de 1920 - 8 de septiembre de 2012)\u200B fue profesor em\u00E9rito de psiquiatr\u00EDa en la Universidad de Syracuse en Nueva York. Reconocido cr\u00EDtico de los fundamentos morales y cient\u00EDficos de la psiquiatr\u00EDa y uno de los referentes de la antipsiquiatr\u00EDa, aunque no se identificara con esa corriente. Es conocido por sus libros El mito de la enfermedad mental y La fabricaci\u00F3n de la locura: un estudio comparativo de la inquisici\u00F3n con el movimiento de salud mental, en los que plante\u00F3 sus principales argumentos con los que se le asocia."@es . "Thomas Stephen Szasz, em h\u00FAngaro Sz\u00E1sz Tam\u00E1s Istv\u00E1n (Budapeste, 15 de abril de 1920 - Manlius, Nova Iorque, 8 de setembro de 2012), foi um psiquiatra e acad\u00EAmico h\u00FAngaro, residente nos Estados Unidos. Desde 1990 foi Professor Em\u00E9rito de psiquiatria do Health Science Center ('Centro de Ci\u00EAncia da Sa\u00FAde') da (SUNY), em Syracuse. Szasz foi uma figura proeminente entre os advers\u00E1rios da psiquiatria coercitiva e um conhecido cr\u00EDtico social dos fundamentos morais e cient\u00EDficos da psiquiatria e dos objetivos de controlo social da medicina na sociedade moderna, bem como do cientificismo, que considera como uma esp\u00E9cie de seculariza\u00E7\u00E3o da religi\u00E3o. Ele \u00E9 bem conhecido por seus livros, O Mito da Doen\u00E7a Mental (1960) e A Fabrica\u00E7\u00E3o da Loucura: Um Estudo Comparativo da Inquisi\u00E7\u00E3o e do Movimento de Sa\u00FAde Mental (1970), que definem alguns dos seus principais argumentos. Sua concep\u00E7\u00E3o sobre o tratamento especial (involunt\u00E1rio) \u00E9 uma consequ\u00EAncia de suas ra\u00EDzes no liberalismo cl\u00E1ssico, baseadas nos princ\u00EDpios de que cada pessoa tem o direito ser dona de seu corpo e mente e de n\u00E3o sofrer viol\u00EAncia dos outros, embora tenha criticado tanto o chamado \"mundo livre\" como os estados comunistas, por sua utiliza\u00E7\u00E3o de psiquiatria, e pela \"drogofobia\". Segundo Szasz, o suic\u00EDdio, a pr\u00E1tica da medicina, o uso e a venda de drogas, assim como as rela\u00E7\u00F5es sexuais, devem ser privados, contratuais e fora da jurisdi\u00E7\u00E3o do Estado. Em 1970, Szasz fundou, juntamente com George Alexander e Erving Goffman, a American Association for the Abolition of Involuntary Mental Hospitalization (AAAIMH), com o objetivo de abolir a interven\u00E7\u00E3o psiqui\u00E1trica involunt\u00E1ria. A organiza\u00E7\u00E3o foi dissolvida em 1980. Em 1973, foi eleito \"Humanista do Ano\" pela American Humanist Association. Szasz come\u00E7ou a criticar o uso da express\u00E3o 'doen\u00E7a mental' como um conceito legal em 1958 em um artigo publicado na Columbia Law Review. No artigo, argumenta que 'doen\u00E7a mental' denota uma teoria e n\u00E3o um fato. Portanto, n\u00E3o \u00E9 mais nem menos factual do que seria acusar algu\u00E9m de estar possu\u00EDdo pelo dem\u00F4nio. Em 1961, Szasz testemunha perante um comit\u00E9 do Senado dos Estados Unidos que o uso de hospitais psiqui\u00E1tricos para encarcerar pessoas definidas como doentes mentais violava as premissas do relacionamento entre paciente e m\u00E9dico e transformava o m\u00E9dico em um guarda de pris\u00E3o, um carcereiro. Em Antipsychiatry: Quackery Squared, Szasz rejeita a sua vincula\u00E7\u00E3o, tanto \u00E0 psiquiatra quanto \u00E0 antipsiquiatria. Inspirou o sobrenome do personagem Victor Szasz da DC Comics."@pt . . "Thomas Stephen Szasz, (geboren als Sz\u00E1sz Tam\u00E1s Istv\u00E1n, Boedapest, 15 april 1920 \u2013 8 september 2012) was een Hongaars psychiater en wetenschapper. Sinds 1990 was hij emeritushoogleraar psychiatrie van de State University of New York. Hij was een prominent figuur in de antipsychiatriebeweging, een bekende maatschappijcriticus en criticus van zowel de morele en wetenschappelijke grondslagen van de psychiatrie en de maatschappelijke controlefunctie van de geneeskunde in de huidige maatschappij, als van het geloof in de wetenschap. Hij is bekend van zijn boeken (\u2018Geestesziekte als mythe\u2019, 1960) en The Manufacture of Madness: A Comparative Study of the Inquisition and the Mental Health Movement (\u2018De waan van de waanzin: de psychiatrie als voortzetting van de inquisitie\u2019, 1970). Zijn idee\u00EBn over de specialistische behandeling komen voort uit klassieke liberale redenen, die gebaseerd zijn op het principe dat iedereen een lichamelijk en geestelijk zelfbeschikkingsrecht heeft. Tevens heeft iedereen het recht om gevrijwaard te zijn van geweld door anderen. Toch had hij net zoveel kritiek op de \u201Cvrije wereld\" als op de communistische landen, voor hun gebruik van de psychiatrie en hun angst voor medicijnen. Hij vond dat su\u00EFcide, de geneeskundige praktijk, gebruik en verkoop van medicijnen en seksuele relaties priv\u00E9 en een kwestie van onderlinge afspraak zouden moeten zijn en buiten de jurisdictie zouden moeten vallen. In 1973 riep de hem uit tot Humanist van het Jaar."@nl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "74413"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "58397"^^ . . . "Thomas Stephen Szasz [s\u0251\u02D0s] (* 15. April 1920 als Tam\u00E1s Istv\u00E1n Sz\u00E1sz in Budapest; \u2020 8. September 2012 in Manlius, New York) war ein US-amerikanischer Psychiater ungarischer Herkunft. Szasz wurde bekannt durch seine Kritik an den moralischen und wissenschaftlichen Grundlagen der Psychiatrie. Er wird teilweise der sogenannten Antipsychiatrie zugerechnet und gilt als Mitbegr\u00FCnder dieser Bewegung, wandte sich selbst allerdings vehement gegen diese Einordnung."@de . . . . . 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"Thomas Szasz"@fr . . "\uD1A0\uBA38\uC2A4 \uC0AC\uC2A4(\uC601\uC5B4: Thomas Szasz, 1920\uB144 4\uC6D4 15\uC77C ~ 2012\uB144 9\uC6D4 8\uC77C)\uB294 \uD5DD\uAC00\uB9AC \uCD9C\uC2E0 \uBBF8\uAD6D\uC758 \uC815\uC2E0\uACFC \uC758\uC0AC, \uC815\uC2E0\uBD84\uC11D\uD559\uC790\uC774\uB2E4. \uACFC\uD559\uC8FC\uC758\uC640 \uC758\uB8CC\uD654, \uC815\uC2E0\uACFC\uD559\uC5D0 \uB300\uD55C \uBE44\uD310\uACFC \uBC18\uC815\uC2E0\uC758\uD559 \uC6B4\uB3D9\uC73C\uB85C \uC720\uBA85\uD558\uBA70, \uD604\uB300 \uC815\uC2E0\uACFC\uD559\uC758 \uACFC\uD559\uC801 \uBC0F \uB3C4\uB355\uC801 \uADFC\uAC70\uC5D0 \uB300\uD558\uC5EC \uBD80\uC815\uC801\uC778 \uC785\uC7A5\uC744 \uD45C\uBA85\uD558\uC600\uB2E4. \uB300\uD45C \uC800\uC11C\uC778 \u300AMyth of Mental Illness\u300B(\uC815\uC2E0\uC9C8\uD658\uC758 \uC2E0\uD654, 1961)\uC640 \u300AThe Manufacture of Madness\u300B(\uAD11\uAE30\uC758 \uC81C\uC870, 1970) \uB4F1\uC744 \uD1B5\uD574 \uC774\uB7EC\uD55C \uC8FC\uC7A5\uC744 \uD3BC\uCCE4\uB2E4. \uC0AC\uC2A4\uB294 \uC815\uC2E0\uC9C8\uD658\uC774 \uACFC\uB294 \uADFC\uBCF8\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uB2E4\uB974\uACE0 \uC2E4\uC81C\uB85C \uC9C8\uBCD1\uC774 \uC544\uB2C8\uBA70, \uB2E8\uC9C0 \uC778\uAC04\uC774 \uC0B4\uC544\uAC00\uB294 \uB370 \uC788\uC5B4\uC11C \uC0DD\uAE34 \uC0DD\uD65C\uC0C1\uC758 \uBB38\uC81C\uB97C \"\uC740\uC720\uC801\uC73C\uB85C\" \uD45C\uD604\uD55C \uAC83\uC774\uB77C\uACE0 \uC8FC\uC7A5\uD558\uC600\uB2E4. \uB610\uD55C DSM\uC5D0 \uB300\uD558\uC5EC \uBA87 \uAC00\uC9C0 \uC2DD\uBCC4 \uAC00\uB2A5\uD55C \uB1CC \uC9C8\uD658\uC744 \uC81C\uC678\uD558\uBA74 \uC0DD\uBB3C\uD559\uC801 \uAC80\uC0AC\uB098 \uD654\uD559\uC801 \uAC80\uC0AC, \uC0DD\uAC80, \uBD80\uAC80\uC744 \uD1B5\uD574 \uB208\uC73C\uB85C \uD655\uC778\uD560 \uC218 \uC5C6\uB294 \uC9C8\uBCD1 \uBAA9\uB85D\uC774\uB77C\uACE0 \uBE44\uD310\uD558\uC600\uB2E4. \uC0AC\uC2A4\uB294 \uC790\uC2E0\uC758 \uC0AC\uC0C1\uC744 \uBC18\uC815\uC2E0\uC758\uD559\uC774 \uC544\uB2CC \uAC15\uC81C\uC801 \uC815\uC2E0\uC758\uD559\uC5D0 \uB300\uD55C \uBC18\uB300(anti-coercive psychiatry)\uB77C\uACE0 \uD45C\uD604\uD558\uC600\uACE0, \uC2E4\uC81C\uB85C \uACFC (civil commitment) \uC81C\uB3C4\uB97C \uBC18\uB300\uD558\uC600\uC9C0\uB9CC \uC790\uBC1C\uC801 \uC785\uC6D0 \uBC0F \uC815\uC2E0\uBCD1\uC6D0 \uBC29\uBB38\uC5D0 \uB3D9\uC758\uD55C \uC0AC\uB78C\uB4E4\uC758 \uC57D\uBB3C\uCE58\uB8CC, \uC815\uC2E0\uBD84\uC11D \uCE58\uB8CC \uBC0F \uC2EC\uB9AC\uCE58\uB8CC\uB294 \uCC2C\uC131\uD558\uC600\uB2E4. \uC774\uB7EC\uD55C \uADF8\uC758 \uACAC\uD574\uB294 \uC790\uC720\uC8FC\uC758 \uC0AC\uC0C1\uACFC \uC790\uAE30\uC18C\uC720\uAD8C, \uAC1C\uB150\uC5D0 \uAE30\uCD08\uD558\uBA70, \uC0AC\uC2A4\uB294 \uC815\uC2E0\uC758\uD559\uC758 \uC774\uB150\uC801 \uC774\uC6A9\uC5D0 \uBE44\uD310\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uB300\uC751\uD558\uC600\uB2E4."@ko . . . . "\u03A4\u03CC\u03BC\u03B1\u03C2 \u03A3\u03B1\u03C2"@el . . . "Thomas Szasz"@pl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "2012-09-08"^^ . . . . . . . . "\u0421\u0430\u0441, \u0422\u043E\u043C\u0430\u0441"@ru . . 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"Thomas Stephen Szasz"@en . . "Sz\u00E1sz Tam\u00E1s Istv\u00E1n"@en . . . . . . . . . "\u062A\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0633\u0627\u0633"@ar . . . . . . . "Thomas Stephen Szasz, (geboren als Sz\u00E1sz Tam\u00E1s Istv\u00E1n, Boedapest, 15 april 1920 \u2013 8 september 2012) was een Hongaars psychiater en wetenschapper. Sinds 1990 was hij emeritushoogleraar psychiatrie van de State University of New York. Hij was een prominent figuur in de antipsychiatriebeweging, een bekende maatschappijcriticus en criticus van zowel de morele en wetenschappelijke grondslagen van de psychiatrie en de maatschappelijke controlefunctie van de geneeskunde in de huidige maatschappij, als van het geloof in de wetenschap. Hij is bekend van zijn boeken (\u2018Geestesziekte als mythe\u2019, 1960) en The Manufacture of Madness: A Comparative Study of the Inquisition and the Mental Health Movement (\u2018De waan van de waanzin: de psychiatrie als voortzetting van de inquisitie\u2019, 1970)."@nl . . . . . . . . . "1920-04-15"^^ . . . . "1920-04-15"^^ . . "Rosine Loshkajian"@en . . "Thomas Istvan Szasz (Budapest, Hungr\u00EDa, 15 de abril de 1920 - 8 de septiembre de 2012)\u200B fue profesor em\u00E9rito de psiquiatr\u00EDa en la Universidad de Syracuse en Nueva York. Reconocido cr\u00EDtico de los fundamentos morales y cient\u00EDficos de la psiquiatr\u00EDa y uno de los referentes de la antipsiquiatr\u00EDa, aunque no se identificara con esa corriente. Es conocido por sus libros El mito de la enfermedad mental y La fabricaci\u00F3n de la locura: un estudio comparativo de la inquisici\u00F3n con el movimiento de salud mental, en los que plante\u00F3 sus principales argumentos con los que se le asocia. Su postura sobre el tratamiento involuntario es consecuencia de sus ra\u00EDces conceptuales en el liberalismo cl\u00E1sico y el principio de que cada persona tiene jurisdicci\u00F3n sobre su propio cuerpo y su mente. Szasz considera que la pr\u00E1ctica de la medicina y el uso de medicamentos debe ser privado y con consentimiento propio, fuera de la jurisdicci\u00F3n del Estado, a su vez cuestiona los reg\u00EDmenes autoritarios y los Estados policiales."@es . . . . "no"@en . . . . "Thomas Szasz"@de . . . . . . . . . . . . "no"@en . "\u039F \u03A4\u03CC\u03BC\u03B1\u03C2 \u03A3\u03C4\u03AD\u03C6\u03B5\u03BD \u03A3\u03B1\u03C2 (1920-2012) \u03AE\u03C4\u03B1\u03BD \u0391\u03BC\u03B5\u03C1\u03B9\u03BA\u03B1\u03BD\u03CC\u03C2 \u03C8\u03C5\u03C7\u03AF\u03B1\u03C4\u03C1\u03BF\u03C2 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C8\u03C5\u03C7\u03B1\u03BD\u03B1\u03BB\u03C5\u03C4\u03AE\u03C2 \u03BF\u03C5\u03B3\u03B3\u03C1\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE\u03C2 \u03BA\u03B1\u03C4\u03B1\u03B3\u03C9\u03B3\u03AE\u03C2, \u03B3\u03BD\u03C9\u03C3\u03C4\u03CC\u03C2 \u03B3\u03B9\u03B1 \u03C4\u03B9\u03C2 \u03AD\u03BD\u03C4\u03BF\u03BD\u03B1 \u03B5\u03C0\u03B9\u03BA\u03C1\u03B9\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AD\u03C2 \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC\u03C8\u03B5\u03B9\u03C2 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03B5\u03BD\u03AC\u03BD\u03C4\u03B9\u03B1 \u03C3\u03C4\u03B9\u03C2 \u03C0\u03C1\u03B1\u03BA\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AD\u03C2 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C4\u03B9\u03C2 \u03B8\u03B5\u03C9\u03C1\u03B7\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AD\u03C2 \u03BA\u03B1\u03C4\u03B1\u03C3\u03BA\u03B5\u03C5\u03AD\u03C2 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03B1\u03BA\u03B1\u03B4\u03B7\u03BC\u03B1\u03CA\u03BA\u03AE\u03C2-\u03B8\u03B5\u03C3\u03BC\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE\u03C2 \u03C8\u03C5\u03C7\u03B9\u03B1\u03C4\u03C1\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE\u03C2, \u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03BF\u03C0\u03BF\u03AF\u03B1 \u03B4\u03B5\u03BD \u03B4\u03AF\u03C3\u03C4\u03B1\u03B6\u03B5 \u03BD\u03B1 \u03B1\u03C0\u03BF\u03BA\u03B1\u03BB\u03B5\u03AF \u03C3\u03C5\u03C7\u03BD\u03AC \"\u03C8\u03B5\u03C5\u03B4\u03BF\u03B5\u03C0\u03B9\u03C3\u03C4\u03AE\u03BC\u03B7\". \u03A4\u03B9\u03C2 \u03B9\u03B4\u03AD\u03B5\u03C2 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03B1\u03C5\u03C4\u03AD\u03C2 \u03C4\u03B9\u03C2 \u03B1\u03BD\u03AD\u03C0\u03C4\u03C5\u03BE\u03B5 \u03C3\u03B5 \u03BC\u03B9\u03B1 \u03C3\u03B5\u03B9\u03C1\u03AC \u03AC\u03C1\u03B8\u03C1\u03C9\u03BD \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B2\u03B9\u03B2\u03BB\u03AF\u03C9\u03BD, \u03BC\u03B5\u03C4\u03B1\u03BE\u03CD \u03C4\u03C9\u03BD \u03BF\u03C0\u03BF\u03AF\u03C9\u03BD \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C4\u03B1 \u03C6\u03B7\u03BC\u03B9\u03C3\u03BC\u03AD\u03BD\u03B1 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B9\u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03AF\u03C4\u03B5\u03C1\u03B1 \u03B4\u03B7\u03BC\u03BF\u03C6\u03B9\u03BB\u03AE \u03C3\u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03B5\u03C0\u03BF\u03C7\u03AE \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5\u03C2 \"\u039F \u03BC\u03CD\u03B8\u03BF\u03C2 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03C8\u03C5\u03C7\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE\u03C2 \u03B1\u03C1\u03C1\u03CE\u03C3\u03C4\u03B9\u03B1\u03C2\" (1961) \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \"\u0397 \u03B2\u03B9\u03BF\u03BC\u03B7\u03C7\u03B1\u03BD\u03AF\u03B1 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03C4\u03C1\u03AD\u03BB\u03B1\u03C2\" (1970)."@el . "Thomas Szasz (15. dubna 1920, Budape\u0161\u0165, Ma\u010Farsko \u2013 8. z\u00E1\u0159\u00ED 2012, Manlius, New York, USA) byl americk\u00FD psychiatr ma\u010Farsk\u00E9ho p\u016Fvodu. Stal se kritikem mor\u00E1ln\u00EDch i v\u011Bdeck\u00FDch z\u00E1klad\u016F klasick\u00E9 psychiatrie, jedn\u00EDm z p\u0159edstavitel\u016F antipsychiatrie."@cs . . . . . . "Thomas Szasz"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Thomas Stephen Szasz, anglicizzazione di Tom\u00E1s Istv\u00E1n Sz\u00E1sz (Budapest, 15 aprile 1920 \u2013 Manlius, 8 settembre 2012), \u00E8 stato uno psichiatra e attivista ungherese naturalizzato statunitense. Fu professore emerito di psichiatria presso lo Health Science Center, della State University di New York, sede di Syracuse, famoso per essere uno dei principali critici dei fondamenti morali e scientifici della psichiatria, vicino alle convinzioni dell'antipsichiatria. Sostenne la liberalizzazione delle droghe, dei farmaci e la lotta all'istituto del manicomio e dell'ospedalizzazione forzata attuata nel sistema sanitario degli Stati Uniti, affermando che esistono malattie neurologiche, disordini comportamentali e problemi filosofico-esistenziali, ma non malattie \"mentali\" in senso stretto, che lui considerava un'invenzione della psichiatria, alla cui pratica non era per\u00F2 contrario se consensuale. I suoi due libri pi\u00F9 noti sono Il mito della malattia mentale e The Manufacture of Madness: A Comparative Study of the Inquisition and the Mental Health Movement, che espongono alcuni degli argomenti cui \u00E8 pi\u00F9 associato. Le sue posizioni politiche e sociali sono invece spesso avvicinate al libertarianismo, al miniarchismo o al libertarianismo di sinistra, anche se si inseriscono direttamente nel solco del liberalismo classico, riprendendo anche alcune posizioni dell'utilitarista John Stuart Mill sul rispetto dell'individuo come obbligo da parte della societ\u00E0. Pur non essendo contrario a uno stato sociale minimo, ammon\u00EC in Farmacrazia, medicina e politica in America, a prestare attenzione di non trasformare il welfare state in uno Stato terapeutico."@it . . . . . . . "Thomas Szasz"@sv . . . . . . "\u0422\u043E\u043C\u0430\u0441 \u0421\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0435\u043D \u0421\u0430\u0441 (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. Thomas Stephen Szasz, \u0443\u0440\u043E\u0436\u0434\u0451\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0422\u0430\u043C\u0430\u0448 \u0418\u0448\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043D \u0421\u0430\u0441, \u0432\u0435\u043D\u0433. Sz\u00E1sz Tam\u00E1s Istv\u00E1n; 15 \u0430\u043F\u0440\u0435\u043B\u044F 1920, \u0411\u0443\u0434\u0430\u043F\u0435\u0448\u0442 \u2014 8 \u0441\u0435\u043D\u0442\u044F\u0431\u0440\u044F 2012, \u041D\u044C\u044E-\u0419\u043E\u0440\u043A) \u2014 \u0430\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u043F\u0441\u0438\u0445\u0438\u0430\u0442\u0440. \u041F\u043E\u0447\u0451\u0442\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043E\u0440 \u043F\u0441\u0438\u0445\u0438\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u043E\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043A\u0435 \u0432 \u0413\u043E\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u043C \u0443\u043D\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u043D\u044C\u044E-\u0439\u043E\u0440\u043A\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0446\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u0437\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043E\u043E\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0432 \u0433\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0434\u0435 \u0421\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043A\u044C\u044E\u0441, \u0448\u0442\u0430\u0442 \u041D\u044C\u044E-\u0419\u043E\u0440\u043A. \u041F\u043E\u0436\u0438\u0437\u043D\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0447\u043B\u0435\u043D \u0410\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u043F\u0441\u0438\u0445\u0438\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0430\u0441\u0441\u043E\u0446\u0438\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438. \u0412\u0438\u0434\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u044F\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C \u0430\u043D\u0442\u0438\u043F\u0441\u0438\u0445\u0438\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F, \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043E\u043A\u043E \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0441\u043E\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u043A\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043A \u043C\u043E\u0440\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0438 \u043D\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432 \u043F\u0441\u0438\u0445\u0438\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043F\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0437\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F \u043C\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043D\u044B \u0441 \u0446\u0435\u043B\u044C\u044E \u0441\u043E\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043A\u043E\u043D\u0442\u0440\u043E\u043B\u044F \u0432 \u0441\u043E\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u043C \u043E\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043A\u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0446\u0438\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0438\u0437\u043C\u0430."@ru . . . . . . . . . . "Thomas Istvan Szasz (Budapest, Hongria, 15 d'abril de 1920 - 8 de setembre de 2012) fou un professor de psiquiatria a la Universitat de Siracusa a Nova York. Szasz va ser un cr\u00EDtic dels fonaments morals i cient\u00EDfics de la psiquiatria i un dels referents de l'antipsiquiatria. \u00C9s conegut pel seu llibre de 1970, La fabricaci\u00F3 de la bogeria: un estudi comparatiu de la inquisici\u00F3 amb el moviment de salut mental i encara m\u00E9s per The myth of mental illness t\u00EDtol que tradu\u00EFt seria \u00ABEl mite de la malaltia mental\u00BB. Hi va plantejar els principals arguments contra els nombrosos prejudicis ideol\u00F2gics i la falta de respecte de la llibertat individual que predominaven en la psiquiatria al darrer quart del segle xx. Va comparar els psiquiatres amb alquimistes i astr\u00F2legs. \u00ABPer ell, la malaltia mental era sovint un mite, destinat a dissimular els conflictes morals propis de les relacions humanes.\u00BB Forma part d'un moviment d'estudiosos que a mitjan segle xx van estudiar els trastorns mentals en relaci\u00F3 amb les estructures socials i pr\u00E0ctiques assistencials deshumanitzadores. La seva postura sobre el tractament involuntari \u00E9s conseq\u00FC\u00E8ncia de les seves arrels conceptuals en el liberalisme cl\u00E0ssic i el principi que cada persona t\u00E9 jurisdicci\u00F3 sobre el seu propi cos i ment. Szasz considera que la pr\u00E0ctica de la medicina i l'\u00FAs de medicaments ha de ser privat i amb consentiment propi, fora de la jurisdicci\u00F3 de l'Estat; al seu torn, q\u00FCestiona els r\u00E8gims autoritaris i els estats policials. Thomas Szasz va acabar amb la seva vida el 8 de setembre de 2012 amb 92 anys. No volia patir el dolor cr\u00F2nic, conseq\u00FC\u00E8ncia d'una caiguda poc abans. Szasz defensava el dret al su\u00EFcidi als seus escrits."@ca . "Thomas Stephen Szasz, em h\u00FAngaro Sz\u00E1sz Tam\u00E1s Istv\u00E1n (Budapeste, 15 de abril de 1920 - Manlius, Nova Iorque, 8 de setembro de 2012), foi um psiquiatra e acad\u00EAmico h\u00FAngaro, residente nos Estados Unidos. Desde 1990 foi Professor Em\u00E9rito de psiquiatria do Health Science Center ('Centro de Ci\u00EAncia da Sa\u00FAde') da (SUNY), em Syracuse. Em 1970, Szasz fundou, juntamente com George Alexander e Erving Goffman, a American Association for the Abolition of Involuntary Mental Hospitalization (AAAIMH), com o objetivo de abolir a interven\u00E7\u00E3o psiqui\u00E1trica involunt\u00E1ria. A organiza\u00E7\u00E3o foi dissolvida em 1980."@pt . . . . . "Thomas Szasz"@pt . . . "\u039F \u03A4\u03CC\u03BC\u03B1\u03C2 \u03A3\u03C4\u03AD\u03C6\u03B5\u03BD \u03A3\u03B1\u03C2 (1920-2012) \u03AE\u03C4\u03B1\u03BD \u0391\u03BC\u03B5\u03C1\u03B9\u03BA\u03B1\u03BD\u03CC\u03C2 \u03C8\u03C5\u03C7\u03AF\u03B1\u03C4\u03C1\u03BF\u03C2 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C8\u03C5\u03C7\u03B1\u03BD\u03B1\u03BB\u03C5\u03C4\u03AE\u03C2 \u03BF\u03C5\u03B3\u03B3\u03C1\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE\u03C2 \u03BA\u03B1\u03C4\u03B1\u03B3\u03C9\u03B3\u03AE\u03C2, \u03B3\u03BD\u03C9\u03C3\u03C4\u03CC\u03C2 \u03B3\u03B9\u03B1 \u03C4\u03B9\u03C2 \u03AD\u03BD\u03C4\u03BF\u03BD\u03B1 \u03B5\u03C0\u03B9\u03BA\u03C1\u03B9\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AD\u03C2 \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC\u03C8\u03B5\u03B9\u03C2 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03B5\u03BD\u03AC\u03BD\u03C4\u03B9\u03B1 \u03C3\u03C4\u03B9\u03C2 \u03C0\u03C1\u03B1\u03BA\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AD\u03C2 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C4\u03B9\u03C2 \u03B8\u03B5\u03C9\u03C1\u03B7\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AD\u03C2 \u03BA\u03B1\u03C4\u03B1\u03C3\u03BA\u03B5\u03C5\u03AD\u03C2 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03B1\u03BA\u03B1\u03B4\u03B7\u03BC\u03B1\u03CA\u03BA\u03AE\u03C2-\u03B8\u03B5\u03C3\u03BC\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE\u03C2 \u03C8\u03C5\u03C7\u03B9\u03B1\u03C4\u03C1\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE\u03C2, \u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03BF\u03C0\u03BF\u03AF\u03B1 \u03B4\u03B5\u03BD \u03B4\u03AF\u03C3\u03C4\u03B1\u03B6\u03B5 \u03BD\u03B1 \u03B1\u03C0\u03BF\u03BA\u03B1\u03BB\u03B5\u03AF \u03C3\u03C5\u03C7\u03BD\u03AC \"\u03C8\u03B5\u03C5\u03B4\u03BF\u03B5\u03C0\u03B9\u03C3\u03C4\u03AE\u03BC\u03B7\". \u03A4\u03B9\u03C2 \u03B9\u03B4\u03AD\u03B5\u03C2 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03B1\u03C5\u03C4\u03AD\u03C2 \u03C4\u03B9\u03C2 \u03B1\u03BD\u03AD\u03C0\u03C4\u03C5\u03BE\u03B5 \u03C3\u03B5 \u03BC\u03B9\u03B1 \u03C3\u03B5\u03B9\u03C1\u03AC \u03AC\u03C1\u03B8\u03C1\u03C9\u03BD \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B2\u03B9\u03B2\u03BB\u03AF\u03C9\u03BD, \u03BC\u03B5\u03C4\u03B1\u03BE\u03CD \u03C4\u03C9\u03BD \u03BF\u03C0\u03BF\u03AF\u03C9\u03BD \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C4\u03B1 \u03C6\u03B7\u03BC\u03B9\u03C3\u03BC\u03AD\u03BD\u03B1 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B9\u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03AF\u03C4\u03B5\u03C1\u03B1 \u03B4\u03B7\u03BC\u03BF\u03C6\u03B9\u03BB\u03AE \u03C3\u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03B5\u03C0\u03BF\u03C7\u03AE \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5\u03C2 \"\u039F \u03BC\u03CD\u03B8\u03BF\u03C2 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03C8\u03C5\u03C7\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE\u03C2 \u03B1\u03C1\u03C1\u03CE\u03C3\u03C4\u03B9\u03B1\u03C2\" (1961) \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \"\u0397 \u03B2\u03B9\u03BF\u03BC\u03B7\u03C7\u03B1\u03BD\u03AF\u03B1 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03C4\u03C1\u03AD\u03BB\u03B1\u03C2\" (1970). \u0398\u03B5\u03C9\u03C1\u03AE\u03B8\u03B7\u03BA\u03B5 \u03BF \u03C0\u03B9\u03BF \u03C1\u03B9\u03B6\u03BF\u03C3\u03C0\u03B1\u03C3\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC\u03C2 \u03B5\u03BA\u03C0\u03C1\u03CC\u03C3\u03C9\u03C0\u03BF\u03C2 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03B1\u03BD\u03C4\u03B9\u03C8\u03C5\u03C7\u03B9\u03B1\u03C4\u03C1\u03B9\u03BA\u03BF\u03CD \u03BA\u03B9\u03BD\u03AE\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03BF\u03C2 - \u03B5\u03BD\u03CC\u03C2 \u03AD\u03BD\u03C4\u03BF\u03BD\u03B1 \u03C0\u03BF\u03BB\u03B9\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03BF\u03C0\u03BF\u03B9\u03B7\u03BC\u03AD\u03BD\u03BF\u03C5 \u03CC\u03C3\u03BF \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C0\u03BF\u03BB\u03CD\u03BC\u03BF\u03C1\u03C6\u03BF\u03C5 \u03BA\u03B9\u03BD\u03AE\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03BF\u03C2 \u03BA\u03B1\u03C4\u03B1\u03B3\u03B3\u03B5\u03BB\u03AF\u03B1\u03C2 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B1\u03BC\u03C6\u03B9\u03C3\u03B2\u03AE\u03C4\u03B7\u03C3\u03B7\u03C2 \u03C4\u03C9\u03BD \u03C8\u03C5\u03C7\u03B9\u03B1\u03C4\u03C1\u03B9\u03BA\u03CE\u03BD \u03B8\u03B5\u03C3\u03BC\u03CE\u03BD \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03B3\u03BD\u03CE\u03C1\u03B9\u03C3\u03B5 \u03BC\u03B5\u03B3\u03AC\u03BB\u03B7 \u03AC\u03BD\u03B8\u03B7\u03C3\u03B7 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B4\u03B7\u03BC\u03BF\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC\u03C4\u03B7\u03C4\u03B1 \u03C3\u03C4\u03B9\u03C2 \u03B4\u03B5\u03BA\u03B1\u03B5\u03C4\u03AF\u03B5\u03C2 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 1960 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 1970 \u03C3\u03B5 \u03C0\u03BF\u03BB\u03BB\u03AD\u03C2 \u03C7\u03CE\u03C1\u03B5\u03C2 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u0394\u03C5\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE\u03C2 \u0395\u03C5\u03C1\u03CE\u03C0\u03B7\u03C2 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u0391\u03BC\u03B5\u03C1\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE\u03C2. \u03A9\u03C3\u03C4\u03CC\u03C3\u03BF, \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C3\u03B5 \u03B1\u03BD\u03C4\u03AF\u03B8\u03B5\u03C3\u03B7 \u03BC\u03B5 \u03AC\u03BB\u03BB\u03B5\u03C2 \u03C3\u03B7\u03BC\u03B1\u03BD\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AD\u03C2 \u03C0\u03C1\u03BF\u03C3\u03C9\u03C0\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC\u03C4\u03B7\u03C4\u03B5\u03C2 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03BA\u03B9\u03BD\u03AE\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03BF\u03C2 \u03B1\u03C5\u03C4\u03BF\u03CD \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03B1\u03BD\u03AE\u03BA\u03B1\u03BD \u03BA\u03B1\u03C4\u03AC \u03BA\u03B1\u03BD\u03CC\u03BD\u03B1 \u03C3\u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03BC\u03B1\u03C1\u03BE\u03B9\u03C3\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03B1\u03C1\u03B9\u03C3\u03C4\u03B5\u03C1\u03AC, \u03BF \u03A3\u03B1\u03C2 \u03B8\u03B1 \u03C7\u03B1\u03C1\u03B1\u03BA\u03C4\u03B7\u03C1\u03B9\u03B6\u03CC\u03C4\u03B1\u03BD \u03C0\u03BF\u03BB\u03B9\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AC \u03C0\u03B5\u03C1\u03B9\u03C3\u03C3\u03CC\u03C4\u03B5\u03C1\u03BF \u03C9\u03C2 \u03B5\u03BB\u03B5\u03C5\u03B8\u03B5\u03C1\u03CC\u03C6\u03C1\u03BF\u03BD\u03B1\u03C2 \u03BF\u03C5\u03BC\u03B1\u03BD\u03B9\u03C3\u03C4\u03AE\u03C2 (libertarian humanist)."@el . . . . . . . . . . . "Thomas Stephen Szasz, n\u00E9 Tam\u00E1s Istv\u00E1n Sz\u00E1sz ([sa\u02D0s]) le 15 avril 1920 \u00E0 Budapest et mort le 8 septembre 2012 \u00E0 Manlius dans l'\u00C9tat de New York, est un psychiatre et professeur \u00E9m\u00E9rite de psychiatrie hongrois \u00E0 la SUNY Upstate Medical University \u00E0 Syracuse. Contestataire et critique de la morale et des fondations scientifiques de la psychiatrie, il exprime ses id\u00E9es dans de nombreux ouvrages comme The Myth of Mental Illness (Le Mythe de la maladie mentale) publi\u00E9 en 1961 ou The Manufacture of Madness (Fabriquer la folie) publi\u00E9 en 1970. Thomas Szasz est l'un des penseurs de l'antipsychiatrie."@fr . . . . . . . "no"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u6E6F\u746A\u58EB\u00B7\u85A9\u65AF"@zh . . . . . "Thomas Szasz"@en . . . "Criticism of psychiatry"@en . . . . . "Thomas Stephen Szasz [s\u0251\u02D0s] (* 15. April 1920 als Tam\u00E1s Istv\u00E1n Sz\u00E1sz in Budapest; \u2020 8. September 2012 in Manlius, New York) war ein US-amerikanischer Psychiater ungarischer Herkunft. Szasz wurde bekannt durch seine Kritik an den moralischen und wissenschaftlichen Grundlagen der Psychiatrie. Er wird teilweise der sogenannten Antipsychiatrie zugerechnet und gilt als Mitbegr\u00FCnder dieser Bewegung, wandte sich selbst allerdings vehement gegen diese Einordnung."@de . "no"@en . "Thomas Szasz"@it . . . . "Thomas Szasz"@nl . . . "285"^^ . . . "Sz\u00E1sz Tam\u00E1s Istv\u00E1n"@en . "2012-09-08"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . "Thomas Stephen Szasz"@en . . . . . . . . "Szaszian studies"@en . . . . . . . "Thomas Szasz"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Thomas Stephen Szasz (ur. jako Tam\u00E1s Istv\u00E1n Sz\u00E1sz 14 kwietnia 1920 w Budapeszcie, zm. 8 wrze\u015Bnia 2012 w Manlius) \u2013 ameryka\u0144ski psychiatra i psychoanalityk w\u0119gierskiego pochodzenia, wyk\u0142adowca akademicki, autor, dzia\u0142acz spo\u0142eczny. W 1973 przyzna\u0142o mu tytu\u0142 \u201EHumanist of the Year\u201D."@pl . . . . . . . . . "1121444121"^^ . . "no"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "'\u062A\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0633\u062A\u064A\u0641\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0633' (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062C\u0644\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0629: Thomas Stephen Szasz)\u200F (15\u0623\u0628\u0631\u064A\u0644\u060C 1920 - 8 \u0633\u0628\u062A\u0645\u0628\u0631\u060C 2012) \u0647\u0648 \u0637\u0628\u064A\u0628 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064A \u0648\u0645\u062D\u0644\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064A \u0648\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062F\u064A\u0645\u064A \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u062D\u064A\u0627\u062A\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064A\u0633\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064B \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064A \u0641\u064A \u062C\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0633\u062A\u064A\u062A \u0646\u064A\u0648\u064A\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064A\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0645\u062F\u064A\u0646\u0629 \u0633\u064A\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064A\u0648\u0632 \u0641\u064A \u0646\u064A\u0648\u064A\u0648\u0631\u0643. \u0648\u064A\u0639\u062F \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0643\u062A\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627\u064B \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0627\u064B \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0645\u0639\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064A\u0643\u064A\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064A\u064A\u0646\u060C \u0648\u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627\u064B \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0645\u0639\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064A\u0643\u064A\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062D\u0644\u0644\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064A\u064A\u0646. \u0648\u0627\u0634\u062A\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0643\u062A\u0648\u0631 \u0643\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062F \u0627\u062C\u062A\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064A \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062F \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062E\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u0628\u064F\u0646\u064A \u0639\u0644\u064A\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064A \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A \u0627\u0639\u062A\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u062F\u0627\u0641\u0627\u064B \u0637\u0628\u064A\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064A\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062C\u062A\u0645\u0639 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u062F\u064A\u062B\u060C \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0636\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064A \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064A. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062A\u0647 \u00AB\u062E\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064A\u00BB (1961)\u060C \u0648\u00AB\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0646\u0648\u0646\u00BB (1970)\u060C \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u0623\u062B\u0627\u0631\u062A \u062C\u062F\u0644\u0627\u064B \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0627\u064B."@ar . . . . "Thomas Stephen Szasz (/s\u0251\u02D0s/ SAHSS; Hungarian: Sz\u00E1sz Tam\u00E1s Istv\u00E1n [sa\u02D0s]; 15 April 1920 \u2013 8 September 2012) was a Hungarian-American academic and psychiatrist. He served for most of his career as professor of psychiatry at the State University of New York Upstate Medical University in Syracuse, New York. A distinguished lifetime fellow of the American Psychiatric Association and a life member of the American Psychoanalytic Association, he was best known as a social critic of the moral and scientific foundations of psychiatry, as what he saw as the social control aims of medicine in modern society, as well as scientism. His books The Myth of Mental Illness (1961) and The Manufacture of Madness (1970) set out some of the arguments most associated with him."@en . . . . . . . . "Thomas Stephen Szasz, anglicizzazione di Tom\u00E1s Istv\u00E1n Sz\u00E1sz (Budapest, 15 aprile 1920 \u2013 Manlius, 8 settembre 2012), \u00E8 stato uno psichiatra e attivista ungherese naturalizzato statunitense. Fu professore emerito di psichiatria presso lo Health Science Center, della State University di New York, sede di Syracuse, famoso per essere uno dei principali critici dei fondamenti morali e scientifici della psichiatria, vicino alle convinzioni dell'antipsichiatria. Sostenne la liberalizzazione delle droghe, dei farmaci e la lotta all'istituto del manicomio e dell'ospedalizzazione forzata attuata nel sistema sanitario degli Stati Uniti, affermando che esistono malattie neurologiche, disordini comportamentali e problemi filosofico-esistenziali, ma non malattie \"mentali\" in senso stretto, che lui consid"@it . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Category:Thomas Steven Szasz"@en . . . . 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"Hungary, United States"@en . "no"@en . . . . . . . . . . "Manlius, New York, U.S."@en . . "\uD1A0\uBA38\uC2A4 \uC0AC\uC2A4"@ko . . "Q66162"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 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"Thomas Stephen Szasz, ursprungligen Tam\u00E1s Istv\u00E1n Sz\u00E1sz, f\u00F6dd 15 april 1920 i Budapest, Ungern, d\u00F6d 8 september 2012 i , Onondaga County, New York, var en ungersk-amerikansk psykiater och psykoanalytiker. Szasz \u00E4r k\u00E4nd f\u00F6r sin kritik mot vetenskapligheten i psykiatrin och begreppet \"psykisk sjukdom\"."@sv . . . . . . . . "Thomas Istvan Szasz"@ca . . "\uD1A0\uBA38\uC2A4 \uC0AC\uC2A4(\uC601\uC5B4: Thomas Szasz, 1920\uB144 4\uC6D4 15\uC77C ~ 2012\uB144 9\uC6D4 8\uC77C)\uB294 \uD5DD\uAC00\uB9AC \uCD9C\uC2E0 \uBBF8\uAD6D\uC758 \uC815\uC2E0\uACFC \uC758\uC0AC, \uC815\uC2E0\uBD84\uC11D\uD559\uC790\uC774\uB2E4. \uACFC\uD559\uC8FC\uC758\uC640 \uC758\uB8CC\uD654, \uC815\uC2E0\uACFC\uD559\uC5D0 \uB300\uD55C \uBE44\uD310\uACFC \uBC18\uC815\uC2E0\uC758\uD559 \uC6B4\uB3D9\uC73C\uB85C \uC720\uBA85\uD558\uBA70, \uD604\uB300 \uC815\uC2E0\uACFC\uD559\uC758 \uACFC\uD559\uC801 \uBC0F \uB3C4\uB355\uC801 \uADFC\uAC70\uC5D0 \uB300\uD558\uC5EC \uBD80\uC815\uC801\uC778 \uC785\uC7A5\uC744 \uD45C\uBA85\uD558\uC600\uB2E4. \uB300\uD45C \uC800\uC11C\uC778 \u300AMyth of Mental Illness\u300B(\uC815\uC2E0\uC9C8\uD658\uC758 \uC2E0\uD654, 1961)\uC640 \u300AThe Manufacture of Madness\u300B(\uAD11\uAE30\uC758 \uC81C\uC870, 1970) \uB4F1\uC744 \uD1B5\uD574 \uC774\uB7EC\uD55C \uC8FC\uC7A5\uC744 \uD3BC\uCCE4\uB2E4. \uC0AC\uC2A4\uB294 \uC815\uC2E0\uC9C8\uD658\uC774 \uACFC\uB294 \uADFC\uBCF8\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uB2E4\uB974\uACE0 \uC2E4\uC81C\uB85C \uC9C8\uBCD1\uC774 \uC544\uB2C8\uBA70, \uB2E8\uC9C0 \uC778\uAC04\uC774 \uC0B4\uC544\uAC00\uB294 \uB370 \uC788\uC5B4\uC11C \uC0DD\uAE34 \uC0DD\uD65C\uC0C1\uC758 \uBB38\uC81C\uB97C \"\uC740\uC720\uC801\uC73C\uB85C\" \uD45C\uD604\uD55C \uAC83\uC774\uB77C\uACE0 \uC8FC\uC7A5\uD558\uC600\uB2E4. \uB610\uD55C DSM\uC5D0 \uB300\uD558\uC5EC \uBA87 \uAC00\uC9C0 \uC2DD\uBCC4 \uAC00\uB2A5\uD55C \uB1CC \uC9C8\uD658\uC744 \uC81C\uC678\uD558\uBA74 \uC0DD\uBB3C\uD559\uC801 \uAC80\uC0AC\uB098 \uD654\uD559\uC801 \uAC80\uC0AC, \uC0DD\uAC80, \uBD80\uAC80\uC744 \uD1B5\uD574 \uB208\uC73C\uB85C \uD655\uC778\uD560 \uC218 \uC5C6\uB294 \uC9C8\uBCD1 \uBAA9\uB85D\uC774\uB77C\uACE0 \uBE44\uD310\uD558\uC600\uB2E4. \uC0AC\uC2A4\uB294 \uC790\uC2E0\uC758 \uC0AC\uC0C1\uC744 \uBC18\uC815\uC2E0\uC758\uD559\uC774 \uC544\uB2CC \uAC15\uC81C\uC801 \uC815\uC2E0\uC758\uD559\uC5D0 \uB300\uD55C \uBC18\uB300(anti-coercive psychiatry)\uB77C\uACE0 \uD45C\uD604\uD558\uC600\uACE0, \uC2E4\uC81C\uB85C \uACFC (civil commitment) \uC81C\uB3C4\uB97C \uBC18\uB300\uD558\uC600\uC9C0\uB9CC \uC790\uBC1C\uC801 \uC785\uC6D0 \uBC0F \uC815\uC2E0\uBCD1\uC6D0 \uBC29\uBB38\uC5D0 \uB3D9\uC758\uD55C \uC0AC\uB78C\uB4E4\uC758 \uC57D\uBB3C\uCE58\uB8CC, \uC815\uC2E0\uBD84\uC11D \uCE58\uB8CC \uBC0F \uC2EC\uB9AC\uCE58\uB8CC\uB294 \uCC2C\uC131\uD558\uC600\uB2E4. \uC774\uB7EC\uD55C \uADF8\uC758 \uACAC\uD574\uB294 \uC790\uC720\uC8FC\uC758 \uC0AC\uC0C1\uACFC \uC790\uAE30\uC18C\uC720\uAD8C, \uAC1C\uB150\uC5D0 \uAE30\uCD08\uD558\uBA70, \uC0AC\uC2A4\uB294 \uC815\uC2E0\uC758\uD559\uC758 \uC774\uB150\uC801 \uC774\uC6A9\uC5D0 \uBE44\uD310\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uB300\uC751\uD558\uC600\uB2E4."@ko . . . "2"^^ . . . "Thomas Stephen Szasz, n\u00E9 Tam\u00E1s Istv\u00E1n Sz\u00E1sz ([sa\u02D0s]) le 15 avril 1920 \u00E0 Budapest et mort le 8 septembre 2012 \u00E0 Manlius dans l'\u00C9tat de New York, est un psychiatre et professeur \u00E9m\u00E9rite de psychiatrie hongrois \u00E0 la SUNY Upstate Medical University \u00E0 Syracuse. Contestataire et critique de la morale et des fondations scientifiques de la psychiatrie, il exprime ses id\u00E9es dans de nombreux ouvrages comme The Myth of Mental Illness (Le Mythe de la maladie mentale) publi\u00E9 en 1961 ou The Manufacture of Madness (Fabriquer la folie) publi\u00E9 en 1970. Thomas Szasz est l'un des penseurs de l'antipsychiatrie. Sa lutte libertarienne se rapporte \u00E0 la m\u00E9decine en particulier et de mani\u00E8re plus g\u00E9n\u00E9rale \u00E0 la primaut\u00E9 des relations contractuelles de toutes sortes entre individus majeurs. Cela l'am\u00E8ne \u00E0 aborder d'autres th\u00E9matiques comme la sexualit\u00E9, les drogues ou le suicide."@fr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .