. . . . . "\u5408\u6210\u947D\u77F3"@zh . . . . "Un diamant synth\u00E9tique (aussi appel\u00E9 diamant de synth\u00E8se, diamant de laboratoire ou diamant de culture) est produit en utilisant diff\u00E9rentes techniques physiques et chimiques, visant \u00E0 reproduire la structure des diamants naturels. Ces diamants de synth\u00E8se sont utilis\u00E9s dans l'industrie et peuvent \u00EAtre de qualit\u00E9 variable. Selon plusieurs sources, le march\u00E9 des diamants synth\u00E9tiques est en expansion notamment dans les domaines de la joaillerie, de l'\u00E9lectronique et des hautes technologies, qui exigent une qualit\u00E9 et une puret\u00E9 \u00E9lev\u00E9es."@fr . . . . . . . . . . . "\u5408\u6210\u30C0\u30A4\u30E4\u30E2\u30F3\u30C9"@ja . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Els diamants sint\u00E8tics s\u00F3n diamants produ\u00EFts en processos tecnol\u00F2gics, en oposici\u00F3 als diamants naturals, que s\u00F3n creats en processos geol\u00F2gics. Els diamants sint\u00E8tics tamb\u00E9 s\u00F3n coneguts com a diamants HPHT o diamants CVD, pels dos m\u00E8todes de producci\u00F3 m\u00E9s comuns, que s\u00F3n la s\u00EDntesi d'alta pressi\u00F3 i alta temperatura (en angl\u00E8s: high-pressure high-temperature), i deposici\u00F3 qu\u00EDmica de vapor (en angl\u00E8s: chemical vapor deposition), respectivament. No obstant, els diamants \"naturals del tipus IIa\", normalment de color marr\u00F3, reben tamb\u00E9 tractament HPHT (exposici\u00F3 a altes pressions i altes temperatures), aconseguint-se amb aquest proc\u00E9s diamants molt blancs. Recalcar finalment que no es pot confondre el m\u00E8tode CVD (diamants de laboratori) amb el proc\u00E9s HPHT realitzat en diamants d'origen geol\u00F2gi"@ca . . . . . . . . . . "Synthetic diamond"@en . . . . . . . . "Diamenty laboratoryjne"@pl . . . . . . "Syntetisk diamant"@sv . . . . . . "Syntetiska diamanter \u00E4ven kallade labbodlade diamanter \u00E4r diamanter som skapats genom en teknologisk process, till skillnad fr\u00E5n naturliga diamanter som skapats genom en geologisk process."@sv . . . . . . . . . . "Diamante sint\u00E9tico"@pt . . . . . . . . . "Diamant synth\u00E9tique"@fr . . . . "Diamante sintetico"@it . . "\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064A"@ar . . . . . . . . "\u0421\u0438\u043D\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u043B\u043C\u0430\u0437\u044B \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043A\u0443\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u0430\u043B\u043C\u0430\u0437\u044B (\u0442\u0430\u043A\u0436\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u043A\u0430\u043A \u0430\u043B\u043C\u0430\u0437\u044B, \u0441\u043E\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u0432 \u043B\u0430\u0431\u043E\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u043B\u0430\u0431\u043E\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043D\u043E \u0432\u044B\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u0430\u043B\u043C\u0430\u0437\u044B) \u2014 \u044D\u0442\u043E \u0430\u043B\u043C\u0430\u0437\u044B, \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u043C\u044B\u0435 \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043A\u0443\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430, \u0432 \u043E\u0442\u043B\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u043E\u0442 \u043D\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0430\u043B\u043C\u0430\u0437\u043E\u0432, \u0441\u043E\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043C\u044B\u0445 \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435 \u0433\u0435\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043E\u0432. \u041E\u043A\u043E\u043B\u043E 97 % \u0430\u043B\u043C\u0430\u0437\u043E\u0432 (\u043F\u043E \u0432\u0435\u0441\u0443), \u0438\u0441\u043F\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043C\u044B\u0445 \u0432 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u043C\u044B\u0448\u043B\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u2014 \u0441\u0438\u043D\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0435."@ru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Els diamants sint\u00E8tics s\u00F3n diamants produ\u00EFts en processos tecnol\u00F2gics, en oposici\u00F3 als diamants naturals, que s\u00F3n creats en processos geol\u00F2gics. Els diamants sint\u00E8tics tamb\u00E9 s\u00F3n coneguts com a diamants HPHT o diamants CVD, pels dos m\u00E8todes de producci\u00F3 m\u00E9s comuns, que s\u00F3n la s\u00EDntesi d'alta pressi\u00F3 i alta temperatura (en angl\u00E8s: high-pressure high-temperature), i deposici\u00F3 qu\u00EDmica de vapor (en angl\u00E8s: chemical vapor deposition), respectivament. No obstant, els diamants \"naturals del tipus IIa\", normalment de color marr\u00F3, reben tamb\u00E9 tractament HPHT (exposici\u00F3 a altes pressions i altes temperatures), aconseguint-se amb aquest proc\u00E9s diamants molt blancs. Recalcar finalment que no es pot confondre el m\u00E8tode CVD (diamants de laboratori) amb el proc\u00E9s HPHT realitzat en diamants d'origen geol\u00F2gic. Han estat documentades nombroses declaracions, entre 1879 i 1929; cada intent ha estat analitzat acuradament i cap ha estat confirmat. En 1940, va comen\u00E7ar una recerca sistem\u00E0tica als Estats Units, Su\u00E8cia, i la Uni\u00F3 Sovi\u00E8tica, per fer cr\u00E9ixer diamants usant els processos de deposici\u00F3 qu\u00EDmica de vapor i d'alta pressi\u00F3 i alta temperatura. La primera s\u00EDntesi reprodu\u00EFble va ser anunciada al voltant de 1953. Aquests dos processos encara dominen la producci\u00F3 de diamant sint\u00E8tic. Un tercer m\u00E8tode, conegut com a s\u00EDntesi de detonaci\u00F3, va entrar en el mercat del diamant a finals de la d\u00E8cada de 1990. En aquest proc\u00E9s, s\u00F3n creats grans de diamant d'escala nanom\u00E8trica, mitjan\u00E7ant la detonaci\u00F3 d'explosius que contenen carboni. Ha estat demostrat un quart m\u00E8tode en el laboratori: tractar grafit amb ultrasons d'alta pot\u00E8ncia, per\u00F2 no t\u00E9 encara aplicacions comercials. Les propietats del diamant sint\u00E8tic depenen dels detalls dels processos de manufactura, i poden ser inferiors o superiors a les dels diamants naturals: la duresa, conductivitat t\u00E8rmica i mobilitat electr\u00F2nica s\u00F3n superiors en alguns diamants sint\u00E8tics (tant HPHT o CVD). Conseq\u00FCentment, els diamants sint\u00E8tics s\u00F3n \u00E0mpliament usats en abrasius, tallat i eines de poliment, i en dissipadors t\u00E8rmics. Estan sent desenvolupades aplicacions electr\u00F2niques dels diamants sint\u00E8tics, incloent interruptors d'alta pot\u00E8ncia en centrals el\u00E8ctriques, transistors d'efecte de camp d'alta freq\u00FC\u00E8ncia, i LEDs. S'usen detectors de diamant sint\u00E8tic de llum ultraviolada (UV) o de part\u00EDcules d'alta energia en centres de recerca d'alta energia, i estan disponibles comercialment. A causa de la seva combinaci\u00F3 \u00FAnica d'estabilitat t\u00E8rmica i qu\u00EDmica, baixa expansi\u00F3 t\u00E8rmica, i alta transpar\u00E8ncia \u00F2ptica en un rang espectral ampli, els diamants sint\u00E8tics estan convertint-se en el material m\u00E9s popular per a la fabricaci\u00F3 de finestres \u00F2ptiques en l\u00E0ser de CO\u2082 d'alta pot\u00E8ncia, i girotrons. Tant els diamants CVD com els HPHT poden ser tallats en gemmes i poden ser produ\u00EFts en diversos colors: blanc clar, groc, marr\u00F3, blau, verd i ataronjat. L'aparici\u00F3 de les gemmes sint\u00E8tiques al mercat va crear preocupaci\u00F3 importants en el negoci de comercialitzaci\u00F3 de diamants, com a resultat del qual s'han desenvolupat t\u00E8cniques i dispositius espectrosc\u00F2pics per distingir entre diamants sint\u00E8tics i naturals."@ca . . . "'\u5408\u6210\u947D\u77F3\u6216\u7A31\u4EBA\u9020\u947D\u77F3\uFF0C\u5373\u6280\u8853\u52A0\u5DE5\u88FD\u6210\u7684\u947D\u77F3\uFF0C\u8207\u5730\u8CEA\u4F5C\u7528\u81EA\u7136\u5F62\u6210\u7684\u5929\u7136\u947D\u77F3\u76F8\u5C0D\u3002\u5408\u6210\u947D\u77F3\u5206\u70BAHPHT\u947D\u77F3\u548CCVD\u947D\u77F3\u5169\u7A2E\uFF0C\u5206\u5225\u8868\u793A\u5B83\u7684\u52A0\u5DE5\u65B9\u5F0F\uFF1A\u9AD8\u6EAB\u9AD8\u58D3\uFF08High-Pressure High-Temperature\uFF09\u4EE5\u53CA\u5316\u5B78\u6C23\u76F8\u6C89\u7A4D\uFF08Chemical VDeposition\uFF09\u3002"@zh . . . "Un diamante sintetico \u00E8 un diamante prodotto attraverso un processo tecnologico, mentre i diamanti naturali vengono prodotti da un processo di natura geologica. Il diamante sintetico \u00E8 anche conosciuto come diamante HPHT o CVD, sigle che ne definiscono il metodo produttivo: High - Pressure High - Temperature (sintesi ad elevata pressione e temperatura) e Chemical Vapor Deposition (sintesi a deposizione chimica da vapore)."@it . . "\u5408\u6210\u30C0\u30A4\u30E4\u30E2\u30F3\u30C9\uFF08\u3054\u3046\u305B\u3044\u30C0\u30A4\u30E4\u30E2\u30F3\u30C9\u3001\u82F1: synthetic diamond\uFF09\u307E\u305F\u306F\u4EBA\u5DE5\u30C0\u30A4\u30E4\u30E2\u30F3\u30C9\uFF08\u3058\u3093\u3053\u3046\u30C0\u30A4\u30E4\u30E2\u30F3\u30C9\u3001\u82F1: artificial diamond\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u5730\u7403\u5185\u90E8\u3067\u751F\u6210\u3055\u308C\u308B\u5929\u7136\u30C0\u30A4\u30E4\u30E2\u30F3\u30C9\u306B\u5BFE\u3057\u3066\u3001\u79D1\u5B66\u6280\u8853\u306B\u3088\u308A\u4EBA\u5DE5\u7684\u306B\u4F5C\u88FD\u3057\u305F\u3082\u306E\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u4E3B\u306B\u9AD8\u6E29\u9AD8\u5727\u5408\u6210\uFF08HPHT\uFF09\u6CD5\u3084\u5316\u5B66\u6C17\u76F8\u84B8\u7740\uFF08CVD\uFF09\u6CD5\u306B\u3088\u308A\u5408\u6210\u3055\u308C\u308B\u3002\u7814\u7A76\u6240\u88FD\u9020\u30C0\u30A4\u30E4\u30E2\u30F3\u30C9\uFF08\u82F1: lab-grown diamond\uFF09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u547C\u3073\u540D\u3082\u3042\u308B\u3002 1879\u5E74\u304B\u30891928\u5E74\u306B\u304B\u3051\u3066\u3001\u5408\u6210\u304C\u8A66\u307F\u3089\u308C\u305F\u304C\u3001\u5168\u3066\u5931\u6557\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308B\u30021940\u5E74\u4EE3\u306B\u306F\u3001\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u5408\u8846\u56FD\u3001\u30B9\u30A6\u30A7\u30FC\u30C7\u30F3\u3001\u305D\u3057\u3066\u30BD\u30D3\u30A8\u30C8\u9023\u90A6\u304CCVD\u6CD5\u3068HPHT\u6CD5\u3092\u7528\u3044\u305F\u5408\u6210\u3092\u4F53\u7CFB\u7684\u306B\u7814\u7A76\u3057\u59CB\u3081\u30011953\u5E74\u9803\u306B\u6700\u521D\u306E\u518D\u73FE\u53EF\u80FD\u306A\u5408\u6210\u65B9\u6CD5\u3092\u767A\u8868\u3057\u305F\u3002\u73FE\u5728\u306F\u3053\u306E2\u3064\u306E\u65B9\u6CD5\u3067\u4E3B\u306B\u5408\u6210\u3055\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002CVD\u6CD5\u3001HPHT\u6CD5\u4EE5\u5916\u3067\u306F\u30011990\u5E74\u4EE3\u5F8C\u534A\u306B\u70AD\u7D20\u5143\u7D20\u3092\u542B\u3080\u7206\u85AC\u3092\u4F7F\u7528\u3057\u3001\u7206\u8F5F\uFF08\u30C7\u30C8\u30CD\u30FC\u30B7\u30E7\u30F3\uFF09\u306B\u3088\u308B\u30CA\u30CE\u30C0\u30A4\u30E4\u30E2\u30F3\u30C9\u5408\u6210\u6CD5\u304C\u958B\u767A\u3055\u308C\u305F\u3002\u3055\u3089\u306B\u9AD8\u51FA\u529B\u306E\u8D85\u97F3\u6CE2\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u30B0\u30E9\u30D5\u30A1\u30A4\u30C8\u3092\u51E6\u7406\u3059\u308B\u30AD\u30E3\u30D3\u30C6\u30FC\u30B7\u30E7\u30F3\u6CD5\u3082\u3042\u308B\u304C\u3001\u672A\u3060\u5546\u696D\u7684\u306B\u306F\u5229\u7528\u3055\u308C\u3066\u3044\u306A\u3044\u3002 HPHT\u6CD5\u3084CVD\u6CD5\u3067\u5408\u6210\u3055\u308C\u305F\u3082\u306E\u306F\u5B9D\u77F3\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3082\u5229\u7528\u3055\u308C\u308B\u3002\u5929\u7136\u30C0\u30A4\u30E4\u30E2\u30F3\u30C9\u306E\u53D6\u5F15\u4F1A\u793E\u306B\u3068\u3063\u3066\u306F\u3001\u91CD\u5927\u306A\u95A2\u5FC3\u4E8B\u3067\u3042\u308A\u3001\u5929\u7136\u306E\u3082\u306E\u3068\u533A\u5225\u3059\u308B\u305F\u3081\u306B\u3001\u5206\u5149\u88C5\u7F6E\u3092\u958B\u767A\u3059\u308B\u306A\u3069\u69D8\u3005\u306A\u5BFE\u7B56\u304C\u65BD\u3055\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . . . . "\u0421\u0438\u043D\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0456 \u0430\u043B\u043C\u0430\u0437\u0438"@uk . . . . . . . . . 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"88288"^^ . . . . . . . . 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"\u5408\u6210\u30C0\u30A4\u30E4\u30E2\u30F3\u30C9\uFF08\u3054\u3046\u305B\u3044\u30C0\u30A4\u30E4\u30E2\u30F3\u30C9\u3001\u82F1: synthetic diamond\uFF09\u307E\u305F\u306F\u4EBA\u5DE5\u30C0\u30A4\u30E4\u30E2\u30F3\u30C9\uFF08\u3058\u3093\u3053\u3046\u30C0\u30A4\u30E4\u30E2\u30F3\u30C9\u3001\u82F1: artificial diamond\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u5730\u7403\u5185\u90E8\u3067\u751F\u6210\u3055\u308C\u308B\u5929\u7136\u30C0\u30A4\u30E4\u30E2\u30F3\u30C9\u306B\u5BFE\u3057\u3066\u3001\u79D1\u5B66\u6280\u8853\u306B\u3088\u308A\u4EBA\u5DE5\u7684\u306B\u4F5C\u88FD\u3057\u305F\u3082\u306E\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u4E3B\u306B\u9AD8\u6E29\u9AD8\u5727\u5408\u6210\uFF08HPHT\uFF09\u6CD5\u3084\u5316\u5B66\u6C17\u76F8\u84B8\u7740\uFF08CVD\uFF09\u6CD5\u306B\u3088\u308A\u5408\u6210\u3055\u308C\u308B\u3002\u7814\u7A76\u6240\u88FD\u9020\u30C0\u30A4\u30E4\u30E2\u30F3\u30C9\uFF08\u82F1: lab-grown diamond\uFF09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u547C\u3073\u540D\u3082\u3042\u308B\u3002 1879\u5E74\u304B\u30891928\u5E74\u306B\u304B\u3051\u3066\u3001\u5408\u6210\u304C\u8A66\u307F\u3089\u308C\u305F\u304C\u3001\u5168\u3066\u5931\u6557\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308B\u30021940\u5E74\u4EE3\u306B\u306F\u3001\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u5408\u8846\u56FD\u3001\u30B9\u30A6\u30A7\u30FC\u30C7\u30F3\u3001\u305D\u3057\u3066\u30BD\u30D3\u30A8\u30C8\u9023\u90A6\u304CCVD\u6CD5\u3068HPHT\u6CD5\u3092\u7528\u3044\u305F\u5408\u6210\u3092\u4F53\u7CFB\u7684\u306B\u7814\u7A76\u3057\u59CB\u3081\u30011953\u5E74\u9803\u306B\u6700\u521D\u306E\u518D\u73FE\u53EF\u80FD\u306A\u5408\u6210\u65B9\u6CD5\u3092\u767A\u8868\u3057\u305F\u3002\u73FE\u5728\u306F\u3053\u306E2\u3064\u306E\u65B9\u6CD5\u3067\u4E3B\u306B\u5408\u6210\u3055\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002CVD\u6CD5\u3001HPHT\u6CD5\u4EE5\u5916\u3067\u306F\u30011990\u5E74\u4EE3\u5F8C\u534A\u306B\u70AD\u7D20\u5143\u7D20\u3092\u542B\u3080\u7206\u85AC\u3092\u4F7F\u7528\u3057\u3001\u7206\u8F5F\uFF08\u30C7\u30C8\u30CD\u30FC\u30B7\u30E7\u30F3\uFF09\u306B\u3088\u308B\u30CA\u30CE\u30C0\u30A4\u30E4\u30E2\u30F3\u30C9\u5408\u6210\u6CD5\u304C\u958B\u767A\u3055\u308C\u305F\u3002\u3055\u3089\u306B\u9AD8\u51FA\u529B\u306E\u8D85\u97F3\u6CE2\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u30B0\u30E9\u30D5\u30A1\u30A4\u30C8\u3092\u51E6\u7406\u3059\u308B\u30AD\u30E3\u30D3\u30C6\u30FC\u30B7\u30E7\u30F3\u6CD5\u3082\u3042\u308B\u304C\u3001\u672A\u3060\u5546\u696D\u7684\u306B\u306F\u5229\u7528\u3055\u308C\u3066\u3044\u306A\u3044\u3002 \u7279\u6027\u306F\u5408\u6210\u65B9\u6CD5\u306B\u3088\u308A\u7570\u306A\u308A\u3001\u786C\u3055\u3084\u71B1\u30FB\u96FB\u6C17\u4F1D\u5C0E\u6027\u3001\u96FB\u5B50\u79FB\u52D5\u5EA6\u304C\u5929\u7136\u306E\u3082\u306E\u3088\u308A\u3082\u512A\u308C\u308B\u7279\u6027\u3092\u6709\u3059\u308B\u3002\u3053\u306E\u305F\u3081\u7814\u78E8\u6750\u3001\u5207\u524A\u5DE5\u5177\u3001\u30D2\u30FC\u30C8\u30B7\u30F3\u30AF\uFF08\u653E\u71B1\u677F\uFF09\u306A\u3069\u306B\u5E83\u304F\u4F7F\u308F\u308C\u308B\u3002\u307E\u305F\u3001\u767A\u96FB\u6240\u306E\u9AD8\u96FB\u5727\u958B\u9589\u5668\u3001\u9AD8\u5468\u6CE2\u96FB\u754C\u52B9\u679C\u30C8\u30E9\u30F3\u30B8\u30B9\u30BF\u3068\u767A\u5149\u30C0\u30A4\u30AA\u30FC\u30C9\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306E\u5229\u7528\u304C\u9032\u3081\u3089\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002 HPHT\u6CD5\u3084CVD\u6CD5\u3067\u5408\u6210\u3055\u308C\u305F\u3082\u306E\u306F\u5B9D\u77F3\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3082\u5229\u7528\u3055\u308C\u308B\u3002\u5929\u7136\u30C0\u30A4\u30E4\u30E2\u30F3\u30C9\u306E\u53D6\u5F15\u4F1A\u793E\u306B\u3068\u3063\u3066\u306F\u3001\u91CD\u5927\u306A\u95A2\u5FC3\u4E8B\u3067\u3042\u308A\u3001\u5929\u7136\u306E\u3082\u306E\u3068\u533A\u5225\u3059\u308B\u305F\u3081\u306B\u3001\u5206\u5149\u88C5\u7F6E\u3092\u958B\u767A\u3059\u308B\u306A\u3069\u69D8\u3005\u306A\u5BFE\u7B56\u304C\u65BD\u3055\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . 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"Diamenty laboratoryjne (diamenty syntetyczne) \u2013 rodzaj diament\u00F3w, kt\u00F3re powsta\u0142y w wyniku proces\u00F3w technologicznych w warunkach laboratoryjnych. Pod wzgl\u0119dem chemicznym nie r\u00F3\u017Cni\u0105 si\u0119 od diament\u00F3w kopalnianych."@pl . "Diamenty laboratoryjne (diamenty syntetyczne) \u2013 rodzaj diament\u00F3w, kt\u00F3re powsta\u0142y w wyniku proces\u00F3w technologicznych w warunkach laboratoryjnych. Pod wzgl\u0119dem chemicznym nie r\u00F3\u017Cni\u0105 si\u0119 od diament\u00F3w kopalnianych."@pl . . . . "'\u5408\u6210\u947D\u77F3\u6216\u7A31\u4EBA\u9020\u947D\u77F3\uFF0C\u5373\u6280\u8853\u52A0\u5DE5\u88FD\u6210\u7684\u947D\u77F3\uFF0C\u8207\u5730\u8CEA\u4F5C\u7528\u81EA\u7136\u5F62\u6210\u7684\u5929\u7136\u947D\u77F3\u76F8\u5C0D\u3002\u5408\u6210\u947D\u77F3\u5206\u70BAHPHT\u947D\u77F3\u548CCVD\u947D\u77F3\u5169\u7A2E\uFF0C\u5206\u5225\u8868\u793A\u5B83\u7684\u52A0\u5DE5\u65B9\u5F0F\uFF1A\u9AD8\u6EAB\u9AD8\u58D3\uFF08High-Pressure High-Temperature\uFF09\u4EE5\u53CA\u5316\u5B78\u6C23\u76F8\u6C89\u7A4D\uFF08Chemical VDeposition\uFF09\u3002"@zh . . "Un diamante sintetico \u00E8 un diamante prodotto attraverso un processo tecnologico, mentre i diamanti naturali vengono prodotti da un processo di natura geologica. Il diamante sintetico \u00E8 anche conosciuto come diamante HPHT o CVD, sigle che ne definiscono il metodo produttivo: High - Pressure High - Temperature (sintesi ad elevata pressione e temperatura) e Chemical Vapor Deposition (sintesi a deposizione chimica da vapore). I tentativi di produrre diamanti sintetici sono stati numerosi, e documentati tra il 1879 e il 1928, la maggior parte dei quali sono stati analizzati attentamente, ma nessuno fu confermato. Solo a partire dal 1940, negli Stati Uniti, in Svezia e nell'Unione sovietica, usando i processi CVD e HPHO ha avuto inizio una vera e propria ricerca sistematica. La prima sintesi riproducibile venne realizzata intorno al 1953. Un terzo metodo, noto come Detonation Synthesis, sintesi per detonazione, \u00E8 entrato nel mercato dei diamanti solo alla fine del 1990. In questo processo, vengono creati granelli di diamante di dimensioni nanometriche tramite una detonazione di esplosivi contenenti carbonio. In laboratorio \u00E8 stato dimostrato un quarto metodo trattando grafite con ultrasuoni ad alta potenza, ma attualmente non ha applicazioni commerciali. Le propriet\u00E0 del diamante sintetico dipendono dai dettagli dei processi produttivi, e possono essere inferiori o superiori a quelle del diamante naturale: la durezza, la conducibilit\u00E0 termica e la mobilit\u00E0 degli elettroni sono superiori in alcuni diamanti sintetici. Di conseguenza, il diamante sintetico \u00E8 ampiamente usato in prodotti abrasivi, in strumenti di taglio e lucidatura, e in dissipatori di calore. Sono in fase di sviluppo anche diamanti sintetici per applicazioni elettroniche, compresi in dispositivi ad alta potenza nelle centrali elettriche, nei transistor per alte frequenze e nei LED. Diamanti sintetici vengono utilizzati nelle strutture di ricerca ad alta energia all'interno di rivelatori a raggi ultravioletti (UV). Grazie alla sua combinazione unica di stabilit\u00E0 termica e chimica, bassa dilatazione termica ed alta trasparenza ottica in una vasta gamma spettrale, il diamante sintetico \u00E8 ormai il materiale pi\u00F9 importante per finestre ottiche a laser CO2 ad alta potenza e per il gyrotron."@it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Een synthetische diamant is een diamant die op kunstmatige wijze gemaakt is. Er zijn verschillende proced\u00E9s om dit soort diamanten te maken. Er is een proced\u00E9, waarbij ook andere atomen dan koolstofatomen worden ingesloten waardoor deze diamanten een gele kleur hebben, wat voor sierdiamanten niet fraai is. In Amerika is een proced\u00E9 ontwikkeld, waarbij geen andere atomen meer in de diamant voorkomen. Deze zijn zowel in Amerika als in Duitsland reeds te verkrijgen. Twee Amerikaanse leveranciers zijn Apollo Diamonds en Gemesis."@nl . . . . . . "Berlian sintetis"@in . . . . "\u0421\u0438\u043D\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u043B\u043C\u0430\u0437\u044B"@ru . . "Intan sintetis (bahasa Inggris: Synthetic Diamond (nomina) ) adalah intan sedangkan Diamond non-carbon {adjektiva} (lihat: ) lebih merujuk pada teknologi cutting atau pemotongan yang dibuat dengan proses teknologi, bukan dengan proses geologis seperti intan alami. intan sintetis juga dikenal dengan nama intan HPHT dan Berlian CVD, di mana kedua nama tersebut merupakan jenis metode pembuatannya (high pressure high temperature dan chemical vapor deposition)."@in . "Syntetiska diamanter \u00E4ven kallade labbodlade diamanter \u00E4r diamanter som skapats genom en teknologisk process, till skillnad fr\u00E5n naturliga diamanter som skapats genom en geologisk process."@sv . . . "Lab-grown diamond (LGD; also called laboratory-grown, laboratory-created, man-made, artisan-created, artificial, synthetic, or cultured diamond) is diamond that is produced in a controlled technological process (in contrast to naturally formed diamond, which is created through geological processes and obtained by mining). Unlike diamond simulants (imitations of diamond made of superficially-similar non-diamond materials), synthetic diamonds are composed of the same material as naturally formed diamonds \u2013 pure carbon crystallized in an isotropic 3D form \u2013 and share identical chemical and physical properties. Numerous claims of diamond synthesis were reported between 1879 and 1928; most of these attempts were carefully analyzed but none was confirmed. In the 1940s, systematic research of diamond creation began in the United States, Sweden and the Soviet Union, which culminated in the first reproducible synthesis in 1953. Further research activity yielded the discoveries of HPHT diamond and CVD diamond, named for their production method (high-pressure high-temperature and chemical vapor deposition, respectively). These two processes still dominate synthetic diamond production. A third method in which nanometer-sized diamond grains are created in a detonation of carbon-containing explosives, known as detonation synthesis, entered the market in the late 1990s. A fourth method, treating graphite with high-power ultrasound, has been demonstrated in the laboratory, but currently has no commercial application. The properties of man-made diamond depend on the manufacturing process. Some synthetic diamonds have properties such as hardness, thermal conductivity and electron mobility that are superior to those of most naturally formed diamonds. Synthetic diamond is widely used in abrasives, in cutting and polishing tools and in heat sinks. Electronic applications of synthetic diamond are being developed, including high-power switches at power stations, high-frequency field-effect transistors and light-emitting diodes. Synthetic diamond detectors of ultraviolet (UV) light or high-energy particles are used at high-energy research facilities and are available commercially. Due to its unique combination of thermal and chemical stability, low thermal expansion and high optical transparency in a wide spectral range, synthetic diamond is becoming the most popular material for optical windows in high-power CO2 lasers and gyrotrons. It is estimated that 98% of industrial-grade diamond demand is supplied with synthetic diamonds. Both CVD and HPHT diamonds can be cut into gems and various colors can be produced: clear white, yellow, brown, blue, green and orange. The advent of synthetic gems on the market created major concerns in the diamond trading business, as a result of which special spectroscopic devices and techniques have been developed to distinguish synthetic and natural diamonds."@en . "498137"^^ . . . "\u0421\u0438\u043D\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u043B\u043C\u0430\u0437\u044B \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043A\u0443\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u0430\u043B\u043C\u0430\u0437\u044B (\u0442\u0430\u043A\u0436\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u043A\u0430\u043A \u0430\u043B\u043C\u0430\u0437\u044B, \u0441\u043E\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u0432 \u043B\u0430\u0431\u043E\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u043B\u0430\u0431\u043E\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043D\u043E \u0432\u044B\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u0430\u043B\u043C\u0430\u0437\u044B) \u2014 \u044D\u0442\u043E \u0430\u043B\u043C\u0430\u0437\u044B, \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u043C\u044B\u0435 \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043A\u0443\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430, \u0432 \u043E\u0442\u043B\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u043E\u0442 \u043D\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0430\u043B\u043C\u0430\u0437\u043E\u0432, \u0441\u043E\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043C\u044B\u0445 \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435 \u0433\u0435\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043E\u0432. \u041E\u043A\u043E\u043B\u043E 97 % \u0430\u043B\u043C\u0430\u0437\u043E\u0432 (\u043F\u043E \u0432\u0435\u0441\u0443), \u0438\u0441\u043F\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043C\u044B\u0445 \u0432 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u043C\u044B\u0448\u043B\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u2014 \u0441\u0438\u043D\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0435."@ru . . . "Een synthetische diamant is een diamant die op kunstmatige wijze gemaakt is. Er zijn verschillende proced\u00E9s om dit soort diamanten te maken. Er is een proced\u00E9, waarbij ook andere atomen dan koolstofatomen worden ingesloten waardoor deze diamanten een gele kleur hebben, wat voor sierdiamanten niet fraai is. In Amerika is een proced\u00E9 ontwikkeld, waarbij geen andere atomen meer in de diamant voorkomen. Deze zijn zowel in Amerika als in Duitsland reeds te verkrijgen. Twee Amerikaanse leveranciers zijn Apollo Diamonds en Gemesis. Onderzoekers van de Carnegie Institution van Washington ontdekten in 2004 een proced\u00E9 om binnen 24 uur diamant te synthetiseren die meer dan 50% harder is dan de natuurlijke diamant. Ongeveer 90% van alle diamantslijppoeder is tegenwoordig synthetisch. Van de synthetische diamanten wordt het overgrote deel nog onder hoge druk vervaardigd. Een groeiend aandeel wordt vervaardigd door middel van opdamping bij lage druk. De kleine kristallen die deze techniek oplevert, vindt zijn toepassing als ultraharde coating bij de fabricage van voorgevormd gereedschap. Zirkonia bestaat uit zirkonium(IV)oxide (ZrO2) en is een populaire vervanger van synthetische diamant."@nl . . . . . . . . . "1117029881"^^ . "Un diamant synth\u00E9tique (aussi appel\u00E9 diamant de synth\u00E8se, diamant de laboratoire ou diamant de culture) est produit en utilisant diff\u00E9rentes techniques physiques et chimiques, visant \u00E0 reproduire la structure des diamants naturels. Ces diamants de synth\u00E8se sont utilis\u00E9s dans l'industrie et peuvent \u00EAtre de qualit\u00E9 variable. Selon plusieurs sources, le march\u00E9 des diamants synth\u00E9tiques est en expansion notamment dans les domaines de la joaillerie, de l'\u00E9lectronique et des hautes technologies, qui exigent une qualit\u00E9 et une puret\u00E9 \u00E9lev\u00E9es. Le march\u00E9 des diamants de laboratoire est pass\u00E9 de 1 % du march\u00E9 des diamants bruts de 14 milliards de dollars en 2016 \u00E0 environ 2 \u00E0 3 % en 2019."@fr . . "Intan sintetis (bahasa Inggris: Synthetic Diamond (nomina) ) adalah intan sedangkan Diamond non-carbon {adjektiva} (lihat: ) lebih merujuk pada teknologi cutting atau pemotongan yang dibuat dengan proses teknologi, bukan dengan proses geologis seperti intan alami. intan sintetis juga dikenal dengan nama intan HPHT dan Berlian CVD, di mana kedua nama tersebut merupakan jenis metode pembuatannya (high pressure high temperature dan chemical vapor deposition). Beberapa klaim tentang berlian sintetis diketahui antara 1879 hingga 1928, seluruh pecobaan yang dilakukan secara hati-hati dianalisis, namun tidak ada yang dikonfirmasi. Pada tahun 1940, penelitian secara sistematis dimulai di Amerika Serikat, Swedia, dan Uni Soviet untuk menumbuhkan berlian menggunakan proses CVD dan HPHT. Sintetis yang mampu dilakukan ulang dilaporkan sekitar tahun 1953. Kedua proses masih mendominasi pembuatan berlian sintetis. Metode ketiga, sintesis peledakkan, telah memasuki pasar berlian pada akhir tahun 1990an. Pada proses ini, butiran berlian berukuran nanometer dibuat dengan meledakkan karbon yang mengandung bahan peledak. Metode keempat, mengolah grafit dengan ultrasonik berkekuatan tinggi, telah dilakukan di laboratorium, tetapi belum ada aplikasi komersialnya. Sifat berlian sintetis bergantung pada detail proses pembuatannya, dan dapat melebihi sifat berlian alami. Sifat kekerasan, konduktivitas termal, dan dapat melebihi berlian alami. Akibatnya, berlian sintetis secara luas dipergunakan untuk , pemotong dan alat penghalus dan . Aplikasi elektronik berlian sintetis ada pada saklar berkekuatan tinggi pada pembangkit listrik, transistor medan efek berfrekuensi tinggi, dan LED. Detektor sinar ultraviolet atau partikel berenergi tinggi yang terbuat dari berlian sintetis digunakan pada fasilitas penelitian berenergi tinggi dan tersedia secara komersial. Karena kombinasi yang unik antara kestabilan termal dan kimia, pemuaian pada suhu rendah, dan sangat bening pada range spektrum yang luas, berlian sintetis menjadi material yang paling populer untuk jendela optis pada berkekuatan tinggi dan . Berlian CVD dan HPHT dapat dipotong menjadi batu perhiasan dan berbagai variasi warna dapat diproduksi menggunakan kedua metode ini: putih jernih, kuning, coklat biru, hijau, dan jingga. Penampilan batu perhiasan sintetis di pasar menghasilkan kekhawatiran pada perdagangan berlian alami, sehingga alat dan teknik spektroskopik khusus telah dikembangkan untuk membedakan berlian sintetis dan berlian alami."@in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Diamante sint\u00E9tico"@es . . . . . . . . . . . . "Synthetische diamant"@nl . . . "Los diamantes sint\u00E9ticos son diamantes producidos en procesos tecnol\u00F3gicos, en oposici\u00F3n a los diamantes naturales, que son creados en procesos geol\u00F3gicos. Los diamantes sint\u00E9ticos tambi\u00E9n son conocidos como diamantes CVD, donde CVD se refiere al m\u00E9todo de producci\u00F3n, que son la s\u00EDntesis de alta presi\u00F3n y alta temperatura (en ingl\u00E9s: high-pressure high-temperature), y deposici\u00F3n qu\u00EDmica de vapor (en ingl\u00E9s: chemical vapor deposition), respectivamente. No obstante, los diamantes \"naturales del tipo IIa\", normalmente de color marr\u00F3n, reciben tambi\u00E9n tratamiento HPHT (exposici\u00F3n a altas presiones y altas temperaturas), consiguiendo con este proceso diamantes muy blancos. Recalcar por \u00FAltimo que no se puede confundir el m\u00E9todo CVD (diamantes de laboratorio) con el proceso HPHT realizado en dia"@es . . . . . . "Los diamantes sint\u00E9ticos son diamantes producidos en procesos tecnol\u00F3gicos, en oposici\u00F3n a los diamantes naturales, que son creados en procesos geol\u00F3gicos. Los diamantes sint\u00E9ticos tambi\u00E9n son conocidos como diamantes CVD, donde CVD se refiere al m\u00E9todo de producci\u00F3n, que son la s\u00EDntesis de alta presi\u00F3n y alta temperatura (en ingl\u00E9s: high-pressure high-temperature), y deposici\u00F3n qu\u00EDmica de vapor (en ingl\u00E9s: chemical vapor deposition), respectivamente. No obstante, los diamantes \"naturales del tipo IIa\", normalmente de color marr\u00F3n, reciben tambi\u00E9n tratamiento HPHT (exposici\u00F3n a altas presiones y altas temperaturas), consiguiendo con este proceso diamantes muy blancos. Recalcar por \u00FAltimo que no se puede confundir el m\u00E9todo CVD (diamantes de laboratorio) con el proceso HPHT realizado en diamantes de origen geol\u00F3gico. Han sido documentadas numerosas declaraciones, entre 1879 y 1929; cada intento ha sido analizado cuidadosamente y ninguno ha sido confirmado. En 1940, empez\u00F3 una investigaci\u00F3n sistem\u00E1tica en los Estados Unidos, Suecia, y la Uni\u00F3n Sovi\u00E9tica, para crecer diamantes usando los procesos de deposici\u00F3n qu\u00EDmica de vapor y de alta presi\u00F3n y alta temperatura. La primera s\u00EDntesis reproducible fue reportada alrededor de 1953. Estos dos procesos a\u00FAn dominan la producci\u00F3n de diamante sint\u00E9tico. Un tercer m\u00E9todo, conocido como s\u00EDntesis de detonaci\u00F3n, ha ingresado al mercado del diamante a finales de la d\u00E9cada de 1990. En este proceso, son creados granos de diamante de tama\u00F1o en la escala nanom\u00E9trica, mediante la detonaci\u00F3n de explosivos que contienen carbono. Ha sido demostrado un cuarto m\u00E9todo en el laboratorio: tratar grafito con de alta potencia, pero no tiene a\u00FAn aplicaciones comerciales. Las propiedades del diamante sint\u00E9tico dependen de los detalles de los procesos de manufactura, y pueden ser inferiores o superiores a las de los diamantes naturales: la dureza, conductividad t\u00E9rmica y son superiores en algunos diamantes sint\u00E9ticos (tanto HPHT o CVD). Consecuentemente, los diamantes sint\u00E9ticos son ampliamente usados en abrasivos, cortado y herramientas de pulido, y en disipadores t\u00E9rmicos. Est\u00E1n siendo desarrolladas aplicaciones electr\u00F3nicas de los diamantes sint\u00E9ticos, incluyendo interruptores de alto poder en centrales el\u00E9ctricas, transistores de efecto de campo de alta frecuencia, y LEDs. Se usan detectores de diamante sint\u00E9tico de luz ultravioleta (UV) o de part\u00EDculas de alta energ\u00EDa en centros de investigaci\u00F3n de alta energ\u00EDa, y est\u00E1n disponibles comercialmente. Debido a su combinaci\u00F3n \u00FAnica de estabilidad t\u00E9rmica y qu\u00EDmica, baja expansi\u00F3n t\u00E9rmica, y alta transparencia \u00F3ptica en un rango espectral amplio, los diamantes sint\u00E9ticos est\u00E1n convirti\u00E9ndose en el material m\u00E1s popular para la fabricaci\u00F3n de ventanas \u00F3pticas en l\u00E1ser de CO2 de alta potencia, y girotrones. Tanto los diamantes CVD y HPHT pueden ser cortados en gemas y pueden ser producidos varios colores: blanco claro, amarillo, marr\u00F3n, azul, verde y anaranjado. La apariencia de las gemas sint\u00E9ticas en el mercado ha creado preocupaciones importantes en el negocio de comercializaci\u00F3n de diamantes, como resultado del cual se han desarrollado t\u00E9cnicas y dispositivos espectrosc\u00F3picos para distinguir entre diamantes sint\u00E9ticos y naturales."@es . . . . . . "Lab-grown diamond (LGD; also called laboratory-grown, laboratory-created, man-made, artisan-created, artificial, synthetic, or cultured diamond) is diamond that is produced in a controlled technological process (in contrast to naturally formed diamond, which is created through geological processes and obtained by mining). Unlike diamond simulants (imitations of diamond made of superficially-similar non-diamond materials), synthetic diamonds are composed of the same material as naturally formed diamonds \u2013 pure carbon crystallized in an isotropic 3D form \u2013 and share identical chemical and physical properties."@en . . . . . . . "Diamant sint\u00E8tic"@ca . . . . . . . . .