. "* 79,265 airmen/personnel (Europe)" . . . . . . "Arthur Tedder"@en . . . . . . "Naloty strategiczne podczas II wojny \u015Bwiatowej"@pl . . . . . . . . . "Naloty strategiczne w czasie II wojny \u015Bwiatowej mia\u0142y miejsce od pocz\u0105tku wojny. Termin ten odnosi si\u0119 do bombardowa\u0144 i nalot\u00F3w na cele cywilne i militarne. Kluczowe kampanie nalot\u00F3w w trakcie II wojny \u015Bwiatowej to niemiecka kampania Blitz podczas bitwy o Angli\u0119 i . Bombardowanie Warszawy podczas kampanii wrze\u015Bniowej te\u017C jest czasami uwa\u017Cane za bombardowanie strategiczne."@pl . . . . . . 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"Charles Portal"@en . . . "Wolfram von Richthofen"@en . . "George Jones"@en . . . . . "Hermann G\u00F6ring"@en . . . . . . . . . . "Richard Peirse"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Britain:" . . . . . . . "Hugo Sperrle"@en . . . . . . "O bombardeio estrat\u00E9gico durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial inclui qualquer governo que realizou campanhas a\u00E9reas independentes com uma inten\u00E7\u00E3o claramente estrat\u00E9gica. Isto inclui o bombardeio constante de ferrovias, portos, alojamento de trabalhadores e distritos industriais em territ\u00F3rio inimigo. A estrat\u00E9gia \u00E9 a teoria do poder a\u00E9reo de que grandes vit\u00F3rias podem ser melhor alcan\u00E7adas atacando a infraestrutura industrial e pol\u00EDtica do inimigo, ao inv\u00E9s de alvos puramente militares. O bombardeio estrat\u00E9gico \u00E9 distinto do apoio a\u00E9reo pr\u00F3ximo de for\u00E7as terrestres e do \"poder a\u00E9reo t\u00E1tico\" (que \u00E9 a batalha pelo controle do espa\u00E7o a\u00E9reo). Em 1 de setembro de 1939 a Alemanha nazista invadiu a Pol\u00F4nia e a Luftwaffe (for\u00E7a a\u00E9rea alem\u00E3) come\u00E7ou a fornecer apoio a\u00E9reo para o ex\u00E9rcito alem\u00E3o. A Luftwaffe tamb\u00E9m come\u00E7ou a eliminar os alvos estrat\u00E9gicos e o bombardeio de cidades e da popula\u00E7\u00E3o civil na Pol\u00F4nia era indiscriminado. Em 3 de setembro a Fran\u00E7a e o Reino Unido declararam guerra \u00E0 Alemanha e na mesma noite da For\u00E7a A\u00E9rea Real do Reino Unido (RAF) come\u00E7ou a atacar navios de guerra alem\u00E3es ao longo da costa alem\u00E3 com o Mar do Norte. Enquanto a guerra continuava a se expandir o bombardeio tanto pelo Eixo e quanto pelo Aliados aumentou significativamente. As instala\u00E7\u00F5es militares e industriais eram alvejadas, assim como as popula\u00E7\u00F5es civis que estavam nos principais centros de guerra. Os ataques a\u00E9reos contra cidades e civis era visto como uma forma de interromper o centro de controle do inimigo, danificando redes ferrovi\u00E1rias, interrompendo ind\u00FAstrias de guerra e tamb\u00E9m como uma arma psicol\u00F3gica para quebrar a vontade do inimigo de lutar. A RAF promoveu seu primeiro bombardeio estrat\u00E9gico na Alemanha em 15 de maio de 1940 (ap\u00F3s o Ataque de Roterd\u00E3). Em setembro de 1940 a Luftwaffe come\u00E7ou a campanha de bombardeios estrat\u00E9gicos contra cidades brit\u00E2nicas que ficou conhecida como Blitz. De 1942 em diante a intensidade da campanha de bombardeio brit\u00E2nico contra a Alemanha tornou-se menos restritiva, visando cada vez mais complexos industriais e \u00E1reas civis. Em 1943 os Estados Unidos haviam refor\u00E7ado significativamente esses esfor\u00E7os. Os controversos bombardeios incendi\u00E1rios contra Hamburgo (1943), Dresden (1945) e outras cidades alem\u00E3s seguiu-se. O efeito do bombardeio estrat\u00E9gico variava dependendo da dura\u00E7\u00E3o e da intensidade. Tanto a Luftwaffe quanto a RAF n\u00E3o conseguiram entregar um golpe suficientemente forte para destruir o moral do inimigo. No entanto, o bombardeio estrat\u00E9gico de alvos militares poderia reduzir significativamente a capacidade industrial e de produ\u00E7\u00E3o do inimigo. Na Guerra do Pac\u00EDfico os japoneses bombardearam Chongqing, na China, repetidamente at\u00E9 1943. O bombardeio estrat\u00E9gico dos Estados Unidos contra o Imp\u00E9rio do Jap\u00E3o come\u00E7ou em outubro de 1944. No in\u00EDcio eram ataques de pequena escala provenientes de bases norte-americanas na China. Posteriormente miss\u00F5es a partir das Ilhas Marianas tornaram os bombardeios generalizados, que culminou com os bombardeios at\u00F4micos de Hiroshima e Nagasaki em 6 e 9 de agosto de 1945, respectivamente, e na rendi\u00E7\u00E3o japonesa em 15 de agosto."@pt . . "* Tens of thousands of civilians" . . . . . . . . . . . . "'''Yugoslavia" . . . . . . . . . . . . "La Seconde Guerre mondiale fut marqu\u00E9e par d'importants bombardements strat\u00E9giques impliquant toutes les nations bellig\u00E9rantes. Ces bombardements ont concern\u00E9 des cibles militaires mais aussi civiles. Ils commenc\u00E8rent d\u00E8s les premi\u00E8res heures du conflit le 1er septembre 1939 avec le bombardement a\u00E9rien aveugle par la Luftwaffe allemande de la plupart des villes polonaises, ainsi que la capitale, Varsovie. Les bombardements ont continu\u00E9 \u00E0 cro\u00EEtre tout au long du conflit. L'industrie deviendra une cible particuli\u00E8rement importante. Le bombardement a \u00E9galement \u00E9t\u00E9 utilis\u00E9 comme arme psychologique pour tenter de briser la volont\u00E9 de l'ennemi \u00E0 combattre. Ceci caract\u00E9rise le Blitzkrieg de l'Allemagne dans ses offensives contre la Pologne, la France et le Royaume-Uni puis par la campagne de bombardement strat\u00E9gique des Alli\u00E9s contre le Reich. La sophistication technologique, les innovations tactiques, et l'accroissement de la taille des bombardements a\u00E9riens alli\u00E9s occidentaux culmineront avec les bombardements atomiques de Hiroshima et Nagasaki au d\u00E9but du mois d'ao\u00FBt 1945 marquant la fin de la guerre."@fr . . . . . "Ch\u016Bichi Nagumo"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "*Tens of thousands of civilians" . . "Gheorghe Jienescu"@en . . . . . . "Ettore Muti"@en . . "\u7B2C\u4E8C\u6B21\u4E16\u754C\u5927\u6230\u6230\u7565\u8F5F\u70B8"@zh . . . . . 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"Thailand"@en . . . . . . . . . . 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"\u0421\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0456\u0447\u043D\u0456 \u0431\u043E\u043C\u0431\u0430\u0440\u0434\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F \u043F\u0456\u0434 \u0447\u0430\u0441 \u0414\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043E\u0457 \u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0457 \u0432\u0456\u0439\u043D\u0438"@uk . "Pengeboman strategis pada Perang Dunia II adalah beruntun di jalur kereta api, pelabuhan, kota, rumah buruh, dan distrik industrial di kawasan musuh pada Perang Dunia II. Pengeboman strategis adalah sebuah strategi militer yang berbeda dari dari angkatan darat dan . Pada Perang Dunia II, beberapa strategis militer angkatan udara meyakini bahwa kemanangan-kemenangan besar akan didapatkan dengan menyerang infrastruktur industrial dan politik, ketimbang traget militer murni. Pengeboman strategis sering kali melibatkan pengeboman kawasan-kawasan yang dihuni oleh warga sipil dan beberapa kampanye dilakukan kepada para penduduk sipil dalam rangka menteror dan mengganggung kegiatan lazim mereka. Hukum internasional pada Perang Dunia II tak secara spesifik melarang bombardemen udara terhadap kota-kota meskipun sebelumnya pengeboman semacam itu terjadi pada masa Perang Dunia I, Perang Saudara Spanyol dan Perang Tiongkok-Jepang Kedua."@in . . "Alexander Novikov"@en . . . . "World War II (1939\u20131945) involved sustained strategic bombing of railways, harbours, cities, workers' and civilian housing, and industrial districts in enemy territory. Strategic bombing as a military strategy is distinct both from close air support of ground forces and from tactical air power. During World War II, many military strategists of air power believed that air forces could win major victories by attacking industrial and political infrastructure, rather than purely military targets. Strategic bombing often involved bombing areas inhabited by civilians, and some campaigns were deliberately designed to target civilian populations in order to terrorize them and disrupt their usual activities. International law at the outset of World War II did not specifically forbid the aerial bomb"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Alexander Golovanov"@en . . . "Soviet Union:\n* Roughly 500,000 Soviet civilians\n* 2,700 airmen \nChina:\n* 260,000\u2013351,000 Chinese civilians\nBritain:\n* 60,000 civilians killed\n* 160,000 airmen \nFrance:\n* 67,000 civilians killed from US-UK bombing\nUnited States:\n* 79,265 airmen/personnel \n* Over 3,033 airmen \nPoland:\n* Tens of thousands of civilians\n* 2416 airmen of bombing squadrons \nYugoslavia\n* Tens of thousands of civilians\nNetherlands:\n* Thousands of civilians"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "El bombardeig estrat\u00E8gic durant la Segona Guerra Mundial van ser una s\u00E8rie de campanyes de bombardeigs aeris sobre ciutats, atacant indiscriminadament objectius civils, militars i industrials. Van comen\u00E7ar amb el i el durant la invasi\u00F3 alemanya de Pol\u00F2nia, i que inclogu\u00E9 els diversos bombardeigs del Blitz, el bombardeig enfocat a la moral, la decisiva , els bombardeigs incendiaris sobre Hamburg i Dresden i els bombardeigs at\u00F2mics d'Hiroshima i Nagasaki finals."@ca . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Allied Powers" . . . . . . . . . . . . "* Roughly 500,000 Soviet civilians" . . "Poland:" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Bombardeos estrat\u00E9gicos durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial"@es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Axis powers" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "A B-24 on a bomb run over the Astra Romana refinery in Ploie\u0219ti, Romania, during Operation Tidal Wave"@en . . . . . "\u7B2C\u4E8C\u6B21\u4E16\u754C\u5927\u6218\u6218\u7565\u8F70\u70B8\u662F\u5728\u7B2C\u4E8C\u6B21\u4E16\u754C\u5927\u6218\u671F\u95F4\u5BF9\u654C\u65B9\u9886\u571F\u4E2D\u94C1\u8DEF\u3001\u6E2F\u53E3\u3001\u57CE\u5E02\u3001\u5DE5\u4EBA\u5C45\u6240\u53CA\u5DE5\u4E1A\u533A\u8FDB\u884C\u7684\u6301\u7EED\u6027\u7A7A\u4E2D\u6253\u51FB\u3002 \u7B2C\u4E8C\u6B21\u4E16\u754C\u5927\u6218\u671F\u95F4\uFF0C\u8BF8\u591A\u7A7A\u519B\u6218\u7565\u5BB6\u8BA4\u4E3A\u5BF9\u5DE5\u4E1A\u53CA\u653F\u6CBB\u57FA\u7840\u8BBE\u65BD\u800C\u975E\u7EAF\u519B\u4E8B\u76EE\u6807\u8FDB\u884C\u6253\u51FB\u5C06\u80FD\u5E26\u6765\u91CD\u5927\u80DC\u5229\u3002\u6218\u7565\u8F70\u70B8\u65F6\u5E38\u6D89\u53CA\u5BF9\u5E73\u6C11\u5C45\u4F4F\u533A\u7684\u8F70\u70B8\uFF0C\u76F8\u5173\u519B\u4E8B\u884C\u52A8\u6709\u65F6\u523B\u610F\u9488\u5BF9\u5E73\u6C11\uFF0C\u4EE5\u8FBE\u5230\u9707\u6151\u4F5C\u7528\u5E76\u6270\u4E71\u5176\u65E5\u5E38\u79E9\u5E8F\uFF0C\u4F46\u53EF\u80FD\u6703\u89F8\u72AF\u6230\u722D\u7F6A\u884C\u3002\u4E0D\u904E\u4E8C\u6218\u7206\u53D1\u65F6\u56FD\u9645\u6CD5\u5E76\u672A\u660E\u786E\u7981\u6B62\u5BF9\u57CE\u5E02\u533A\u57DF\u7684\u8F70\u70B8\uFF0C\u800C\u5728\u7B2C\u4E00\u6B21\u4E16\u754C\u5927\u6218\u3001\u897F\u73ED\u7259\u5185\u6218\u53CA\u4E2D\u65E5\u6218\u4E89\u4E2D\u8FD9\u4E00\u60C5\u5F62\u5DF2\u6709\u53D1\u751F\u3002 \u4E8C\u6218\u671F\u95F4\u7684\u6218\u7565\u8F70\u70B8\u81EA1939\u5E749\u67081\u65E5\u5FB7\u56FD\u5165\u4FB5\u6CE2\u5170\u65F6\u5373\u5DF2\u5F00\u59CB\u3002\u5FB7\u56FD\u7A7A\u519B\u5BF9\u6CE2\u5170\u53CA\u5E73\u6C11\u533A\u8FDB\u884C\u4E86\u65E0\u5DEE\u522B\u7684\u8F70\u70B8\u884C\u52A8\uFF0C\u76EE\u6807\u5305\u62EC\u3002\u968F\u6218\u4E8B\u53D1\u5C55\uFF0C\u8F74\u5FC3\u56FD\u53CA\u540C\u76DF\u56FD\u7684\u8F70\u70B8\u89C4\u6A21\u5747\u660E\u663E\u63D0\u5347\u30021940\u5E749\u6708\u5FB7\u56FD\u7A7A\u519B\u5F00\u59CB\u5BF9\u82F1\u56FD\u57CE\u5E02\u8FDB\u884C\u8F70\u70B8\u30021942\u5E74\u540E\u82F1\u56FD\u5BF9\u5FB7\u56FD\u7684\u8F70\u70B8\u9650\u5236\u9010\u6E10\u653E\u5BBD\uFF0C\u5F00\u59CB\u9488\u5BF9\u5DE5\u4E1A\u533A\u57DF\uFF0C\u5E76\u6700\u7EC8\u6269\u5C55\u81F3\u5E73\u6C11\u533A\u3002\u7F8E\u56FD\u5BF9\u5FB7\u56FD\u7684\u8F70\u70B8\u8DDF\u968F\u8FD9\u4E00\u903B\u8F91\uFF0C\u5BF9\u6C49\u5821\u3001\u5FB7\u7D2F\u65AF\u987F\u53CA\u5176\u4ED6\u5FB7\u56FD\u57CE\u5E02\u7684\u71C3\u70E7\u8F70\u70B8\u5E7F\u53D7\u4E89\u8BAE\u3002 \u5728\u4FB5\u534E\u6218\u573A\uFF0C\u65E5\u672C\u5BF9\u5E73\u6C11\u76EE\u6807\u8FDB\u884C\u4E86\u6301\u7EED\u7684\u8F70\u70B8\uFF08\u5982\u91CD\u5E86\uFF09\u3002\u5728\u592A\u5E73\u6D0B\u6218\u573A\uFF0C\u7F8E\u56FD\u4E8E1944\u5E7410\u6708\u5F00\u59CB\u5BF9\u65E5\u672C\u8FDB\u884C\u6210\u89C4\u6A21\u7684\u7A7A\u88AD\u884C\u52A8\uFF0C\u800C\u81F31945\u5E743\u6708\u5DF2\u5F00\u59CB\u91C7\u7528\u71C3\u70E7\u8F70\u70B8\uFF0C\u9020\u6210\u65E5\u672C\u6C11\u773E\u7684\u91CD\u5927\u50B7\u4EA1\uFF0C\u6BBA\u6B7B\u7684\u4EBA\u6578\u751A\u81F3\u6BD4\u539F\u5B50\u5F48\u9084\u8981\u591A\uFF1B1945\u5E748\u67086\u65E5\u53CA9\u65E5\u5219\u5BF9\u5E7F\u5C9B\u548C\u957F\u5D0E\u8FDB\u884C\u4E86\u539F\u5B50\u5F39\u8F70\u70B8\uFF0C\u662F\u53F2\u4E0A\u4EC5\u6709\u7684\u4E24\u6B21\u6838\u8F5F\u70B8\u3002"@zh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "2017-06-08"^^ . . . . . "Netherlands:" . . . "China:" . . . . "730658"^^ . . . . . . . . "Albert Kesselring"@en . "K\u00E1lm\u00E1n Ternegg"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "* Over 3,033 airmen (Japan)" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "El bombardeig estrat\u00E8gic durant la Segona Guerra Mundial van ser una s\u00E8rie de campanyes de bombardeigs aeris sobre ciutats, atacant indiscriminadament objectius civils, militars i industrials. Van comen\u00E7ar amb el i el durant la invasi\u00F3 alemanya de Pol\u00F2nia, i que inclogu\u00E9 els diversos bombardeigs del Blitz, el bombardeig enfocat a la moral, la decisiva , els bombardeigs incendiaris sobre Hamburg i Dresden i els bombardeigs at\u00F2mics d'Hiroshima i Nagasaki finals."@ca . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Bombardements strat\u00E9giques durant la Seconde Guerre mondiale"@fr . "O bombardeio estrat\u00E9gico durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial inclui qualquer governo que realizou campanhas a\u00E9reas independentes com uma inten\u00E7\u00E3o claramente estrat\u00E9gica. Isto inclui o bombardeio constante de ferrovias, portos, alojamento de trabalhadores e distritos industriais em territ\u00F3rio inimigo. A estrat\u00E9gia \u00E9 a teoria do poder a\u00E9reo de que grandes vit\u00F3rias podem ser melhor alcan\u00E7adas atacando a infraestrutura industrial e pol\u00EDtica do inimigo, ao inv\u00E9s de alvos puramente militares. O bombardeio estrat\u00E9gico \u00E9 distinto do apoio a\u00E9reo pr\u00F3ximo de for\u00E7as terrestres e do \"poder a\u00E9reo t\u00E1tico\" (que \u00E9 a batalha pelo controle do espa\u00E7o a\u00E9reo)."@pt . . . . . . . . . . . "* 160,000 airmen (Europe)" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "* 260,000\u2013351,000 Chinese civilians" . . . . . . . . "* 67,000 civilians killed from US-UK bombing" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Con bombardamenti strategici durante la seconda guerra mondiale ci si riferisce a tutti i bombardamenti aerei di natura strategica che ebbero luogo tra il 1939 e il 1945 e che coinvolsero le nazioni impegnate nella guerra. Un bombardamento aereo viene considerato \"strategico\" quando non \u00E8 direttamente collegato alle operazioni che si svolgono sui campi di battaglia ed il suo scopo non \u00E8 obbligare il nemico a cessare la guerra sconfiggendone le forze armate, quanto piuttosto colpendo la fonte della sua potenza militare. Questo pu\u00F2 essere ottenuto attraverso la distruzione dei mezzi materiali necessari al nemico sia per il suo sostentamento che per la continuazione della guerra (fabbriche di armi, fonti di rifornimento, vie di comunicazione, industrie...ecc.); oppure sconvolgendo la vita della popolazione civile in modo da renderla durissima (per esempio colpendo indiscriminatamente le citt\u00E0 nemiche), affinch\u00E9 sia essa stessa a richiedere ai propri governanti di stipulare un trattato di pace.."@it . "Pengeboman strategis pada Perang Dunia II"@in . . "Naloty strategiczne w czasie II wojny \u015Bwiatowej mia\u0142y miejsce od pocz\u0105tku wojny. Termin ten odnosi si\u0119 do bombardowa\u0144 i nalot\u00F3w na cele cywilne i militarne. Kluczowe kampanie nalot\u00F3w w trakcie II wojny \u015Bwiatowej to niemiecka kampania Blitz podczas bitwy o Angli\u0119 i . Bombardowanie Warszawy podczas kampanii wrze\u015Bniowej te\u017C jest czasami uwa\u017Cane za bombardowanie strategiczne."@pl . . . . . . . . "Allied Powers"@en . "300"^^ . . "Germany:\n* 353,000\u2013635,000 civilians killed, including foreign workers\n* Very heavy damage to industry\nJapan:\n* 330,000\u2013900,000 civilians killed\n* 20,000 soldiers killed"@en . . . . . "Strategic bombing during World War II"@en . . . . "Henry Arnold"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0421\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0456\u0447\u043D\u0456 \u0431\u043E\u043C\u0431\u0430\u0440\u0434\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F \u043F\u0456\u0434 \u0447\u0430\u0441 \u0414\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043E\u0457 \u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0457 \u0432\u0456\u0439\u043D\u0438 (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. Strategic bombing during World War II) \u2014 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0456\u0447\u043D\u0430 \u043F\u043E\u0432\u0456\u0442\u0440\u044F\u043D\u0430 \u043A\u0430\u043C\u043F\u0430\u043D\u0456\u044F \u0432\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0432\u043E-\u043F\u043E\u0432\u0456\u0442\u0440\u044F\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u043B \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0456\u0434\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043E\u044E\u0437\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0456\u0432 \u0442\u0430 \u043A\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043D \u041E\u0441\u0456, \u0441\u043A\u043B\u0430\u0434\u043E\u0432\u0430 \u0457\u0445\u043D\u044C\u043E\u0457 \u0432\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0457 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0456\u0457, \u0449\u043E \u043C\u0430\u043B\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u043C\u0435\u0442\u0443 \u043F\u0456\u0434\u0440\u0438\u0432 (\u0437\u043D\u0438\u0449\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0430\u0431\u043E \u0432\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0437 \u043B\u0430\u0434\u0443) \u0435\u043A\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0456\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0442\u0430 \u0432\u043E\u0454\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u043E\u0442\u0435\u043D\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043B\u0443 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432 \u0441\u0443\u043F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0430, \u043D\u0430\u043C\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0437\u043D\u0438\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0439\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u043D\u0456 \u0435\u043A\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0456\u0447\u043D\u0456 \u0434\u0436\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043B\u0430, \u0435\u043B\u0435\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0438 \u043F\u043E\u0442\u0435\u043D\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043B\u0443 \u0446\u0456\u043B\u0456\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0435\u043A\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0456\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C\u0438, \u0449\u043E \u0432\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0432\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0441\u044F \u0443 \u0432\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u0446\u0456\u043B\u044F\u0445, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043A\u043E\u0436 \u0437\u043B\u0430\u043C\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u043E\u043B\u044E \u0433\u0440\u043E\u043C\u0430\u0434\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0432\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0436\u0438\u0445 \u043A\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043D \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0434\u043E\u0432\u0436\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0431\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0442\u044C\u0431\u0443."@uk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "2013-12-02"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "* 2416 airmen of bombing squadrons (Polish Airforce in the West)" . . . "* Thousands of civilians" . . . . . . "Bombardeios estrat\u00E9gicos durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial"@pt . . . . . "Curtis LeMay"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "1123892127"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . "Pengeboman strategis pada Perang Dunia II adalah beruntun di jalur kereta api, pelabuhan, kota, rumah buruh, dan distrik industrial di kawasan musuh pada Perang Dunia II. Pengeboman strategis adalah sebuah strategi militer yang berbeda dari dari angkatan darat dan ."@in . . . . . "Bombardeig estrat\u00E8gic durant la Segona Guerra Mundial"@ca . . . . "Strategic bombing during World War II"@en . "Hajime Sugiyama"@en . . . . . "Sergei Khudyakov"@en . "Con bombardamenti strategici durante la seconda guerra mondiale ci si riferisce a tutti i bombardamenti aerei di natura strategica che ebbero luogo tra il 1939 e il 1945 e che coinvolsero le nazioni impegnate nella guerra. Un bombardamento aereo viene considerato \"strategico\" quando non \u00E8 direttamente collegato alle operazioni che si svolgono sui campi di battaglia ed il suo scopo non \u00E8 obbligare il nemico a cessare la guerra sconfiggendone le forze armate, quanto piuttosto colpendo la fonte della sua potenza militare."@it . . . . . . . "* Very heavy damage to industry\nItaly:\n* 60,000\u2013100,000 civilians killed\n* 5,000 soldiers killed\n* Heavy damage to industry\nHungary:\n* 19,135\u201330,000 killed and 25,000 wounded\n* Heavy damage to industry\nRomania:\n* 9,000 civilians killed or wounded\n* Destruction and heavy damage to oil refineries and to thousands of buildings\n Bulgaria:\n* 1,374 dead and 1,743 injured"@en . . "United States:" . . . . . . . . . . . "Strategic bombing during World War II"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . "185116"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Naruhiko Higashikuni"@en . . . . . . "Los bombardeos estrat\u00E9gicos durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial incluyeron el bombardeo a\u00E9reo de fuerzas militares, ferrocarriles, puertos, ciudades \u2014y cualquier zona civil\u2014 y \u00E1reas industriales.\u200B El 1 de septiembre de 1939 Alemania invadi\u00F3 Polonia y la Luftwaffe \u2014las Fuerzas A\u00E9reas Alemanas\u2014 comenz\u00F3 a prestar apoyo t\u00E1ctico a la Wehrmacht, bombardeando los principales objetivos estrat\u00E9gicos, incluyendo la capital, Varsovia. Dos d\u00EDas despu\u00E9s, Francia y el Reino Unido de Gran Breta\u00F1a e Irlanda del Norte declararon la guerra a Alemania; la Real Fuerza A\u00E9rea brit\u00E1nica comenz\u00F3 a atacar a los buques de guerra alemanes a lo largo de las costas alemanas del mar del Norte.\u200B Mientras, el bombardeo alem\u00E1n de Polonia se convirti\u00F3 en la primera de las indiscriminadas\u200B y sin restricciones campa\u00F1as de bomb"@es . . "\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062A\u0631\u0627\u062A\u064A\u062C\u064A \u062E\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0629"@ar . . . . . . . "Carl Spaatz"@en . "Axis powers"@en . . . "Francesco Pricolo"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Bombardamenti strategici durante la seconda guerra mondiale"@it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Masakazu Kawabe"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Rino Corso Fougier"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Thailand" . . . . . . 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\u0432\u043E\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0441\u043B\u0443\u0436\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0445."@ru . . . . "World War II (1939\u20131945) involved sustained strategic bombing of railways, harbours, cities, workers' and civilian housing, and industrial districts in enemy territory. Strategic bombing as a military strategy is distinct both from close air support of ground forces and from tactical air power. During World War II, many military strategists of air power believed that air forces could win major victories by attacking industrial and political infrastructure, rather than purely military targets. Strategic bombing often involved bombing areas inhabited by civilians, and some campaigns were deliberately designed to target civilian populations in order to terrorize them and disrupt their usual activities. International law at the outset of World War II did not specifically forbid the aerial bombardment of cities \u2013 despite the prior occurrence of such bombing during World War I (1914\u20131918), the Spanish Civil War (1936\u20131939), and the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937\u20131945). Strategic bombing during World War II began on 1 September 1939 when Germany invaded Poland and the Luftwaffe (German Air Force) began bombing Polish cities and the civilian population in an aerial bombardment campaign. As the war continued to expand, bombing by both the Axis and the Allies increased significantly. The Royal Air Force began bombing military targets in Germany, such as docks and shipyards, in March 1940, and began targeting Berlin in August 1940. In September 1940 the Luftwaffe began targeting British cities in the Blitz. After the beginning of Operation Barbarossa in June 1941, the Luftwaffe attacked Soviet cities and infrastructure. From February 1942 onward, the British bombing campaign against Germany became even less restrictive and increasingly targeted industrial sites and civilian areas. When the United States began flying bombing missions against Germany, it reinforced British efforts. The Allies attacked oil installations, and controversial firebombings took place against Hamburg (1943), Dresden (1945), and other German cities. In the Pacific War, the Japanese bombed civilian populations throughout the war (e.g. in Chongqing). US air raids on Japan began in earnest in October 1944 and by March 1945 had started their escalation into widespread firebombing, which culminated in the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on 6 and 9 August 1945, respectively. The effect of strategic bombing was highly debated during and after the war.Neither the Luftwaffe nor the RAF achieved a knockout blow by destroying enemy morale. However, some argued that strategic bombing of non-military targets could significantly reduce enemy industrial capacity and production and in the opinion of interwar-period proponents of the strategy, the surrender of Japan vindicated strategic bombing. The death toll of strategic bombing was considerable, not only in terms of those bombed but in the loss of air crews. Hundreds of thousands \u2013 if not over a million \u2013 civilians died, millions were made homeless, and many major cities were destroyed, especially in Europe and Asia."@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . "12564"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . "Soviet Union:" . . . . . . . . . . . "Los bombardeos estrat\u00E9gicos durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial incluyeron el bombardeo a\u00E9reo de fuerzas militares, ferrocarriles, puertos, ciudades \u2014y cualquier zona civil\u2014 y \u00E1reas industriales.\u200B El 1 de septiembre de 1939 Alemania invadi\u00F3 Polonia y la Luftwaffe \u2014las Fuerzas A\u00E9reas Alemanas\u2014 comenz\u00F3 a prestar apoyo t\u00E1ctico a la Wehrmacht, bombardeando los principales objetivos estrat\u00E9gicos, incluyendo la capital, Varsovia. Dos d\u00EDas despu\u00E9s, Francia y el Reino Unido de Gran Breta\u00F1a e Irlanda del Norte declararon la guerra a Alemania; la Real Fuerza A\u00E9rea brit\u00E1nica comenz\u00F3 a atacar a los buques de guerra alemanes a lo largo de las costas alemanas del mar del Norte.\u200B Mientras, el bombardeo alem\u00E1n de Polonia se convirti\u00F3 en la primera de las indiscriminadas\u200B y sin restricciones campa\u00F1as de bombardeos a\u00E9reos que se dieron durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Mientras la guerra se expand\u00EDa por el continente europeo y otras partes del mundo, los bombardeos por parte de las potencias del Eje y los Aliados se recrudecieron. Tanto ej\u00E9rcitos como instalaciones militares fueron atacados, a lo que hab\u00EDa que sumar las ciudades y la poblaci\u00F3n civil. El bombardeo masivo de la poblaci\u00F3n civil se consideraba una importante arma psicol\u00F3gica para romper la voluntad del enemigo a combatir. Entre 1940 y 1941, Alemania utiliz\u00F3 esta t\u00E1ctica en su Blitz contra el Reino Unido en la llamada batalla de Inglaterra.\u200B\u200B A partir de 1940, la intensidad de los bombardeos brit\u00E1nicos sobre territorio alem\u00E1n aument\u00F3 y se hicieron menos restrictivos, estando cada vez m\u00E1s dirigidos a zonas industriales y finalmente a la poblaci\u00F3n civil.\u200B\u200B Desde 1943, Estados Unidos tambi\u00E9n reforz\u00F3 esta pol\u00EDtica, basada en el bombardeo estrat\u00E9gico de las ciudades enemigas para mermar su moral y capacidad industrial. Esta pol\u00EDtica fue llevada a su extremo en los controvertidos bombardeos de Hamburgo (1943)\u200B y Dresde (1945),\u200B cuando bombas incendiarias dejaron las ciudades completamente destruidas y decenas de miles de muertos civiles.\u200B El efecto del bombardeo estrat\u00E9gico puede variar en sus efectos y resultados dependiendo de su duraci\u00F3n e intensidad. As\u00ED, tanto la Luftwaffe como la RAF no fueron capaces de dar el golpe de gracia y acabar con la moral del enemigo; sin embargo sus respectivos bombardeos mermaron considerablemente la capacidad industrial y productiva del enemigo.\u200B\u200B En Asia y el Pac\u00EDfico, los japoneses bombardearon Chongqing en numerosas ocasiones hasta finales de 1943. Los bombardeos masivos estadounidenses contra el Imperio Japon\u00E9s comenzaron en 1944.\u200B Anteriormente Estados Unidos ya hab\u00EDa efectuado bombardeos a peque\u00F1a escala en las costas chinas, pero por razones de suministro se hab\u00EDan mostrado muy ineficaces e irregulares y una vez bombardearon Jap\u00F3n en 1942 con el Doolitle Raid . Los bombarderos estadounidenses que deb\u00EDan bombardear Jap\u00F3n part\u00EDan de la isla de Saip\u00E1n, bombardeos que alcanzaron su apogeo y final con el demoledor bombardeo de Tokio de marzo de 1945 \u2013el ataque a\u00E9reo m\u00E1s devastador de la historia\u2013 y con los ataques nucleares contra Hiroshima y Nagasaki, seis d\u00EDas antes de la rendici\u00F3n japonesa.\u200B"@es . . . . . . . . . . . . . "2010-11-27"^^ . "Arthur Harris"@en . . . . . . "France:'''" . . . . . . . "La Seconde Guerre mondiale fut marqu\u00E9e par d'importants bombardements strat\u00E9giques impliquant toutes les nations bellig\u00E9rantes. Ces bombardements ont concern\u00E9 des cibles militaires mais aussi civiles. Ils commenc\u00E8rent d\u00E8s les premi\u00E8res heures du conflit le 1er septembre 1939 avec le bombardement a\u00E9rien aveugle par la Luftwaffe allemande de la plupart des villes polonaises, ainsi que la capitale, Varsovie. Les bombardements ont continu\u00E9 \u00E0 cro\u00EEtre tout au long du conflit. L'industrie deviendra une cible particuli\u00E8rement importante. Le bombardement a \u00E9galement \u00E9t\u00E9 utilis\u00E9 comme arme psychologique pour tenter de briser la volont\u00E9 de l'ennemi \u00E0 combattre. Ceci caract\u00E9rise le Blitzkrieg de l'Allemagne dans ses offensives contre la Pologne, la France et le Royaume-Uni puis par la campagne de bomb"@fr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0421\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u043E\u043C\u0431\u0430\u0440\u0434\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0432\u043A\u0438 \u0432\u043E \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u044F \u0412\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0439 \u043C\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0439 \u0432\u043E\u0439\u043D\u044B"@ru . . . . . . . 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"Chester Nimitz"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "* 2,700 airmen (Japan)" . . 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"* 60,000 civilians killed" . . . . . . . "Clifford McEwen"@en . . .