"Femmes sovi\u00E9tiques pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale"@fr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Soviet women played an important role in World War II (whose Eastern Front was known as the Great Patriotic War in the Soviet Union). While most toiled in industry, transport, agriculture and other civilian roles, working double shifts to free up enlisted men to fight and increase military production, a sizable number of women served in the army. The majority were in medical units."@en . . "1119046513"^^ . "\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064A\u062A\u064A\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0629"@ar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 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"\u0416\u0435\u043D\u0449\u0438\u043D\u044B \u0432 \u0412\u0435\u043B\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u041E\u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0432\u043E\u0439\u043D\u0435 \u0441\u044B\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043B\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043D\u0443\u044E \u0440\u043E\u043B\u044C. \u0412 \u043E\u0442\u043B\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u043E\u0442 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u043E\u0439\u043D, \u0432\u043E \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u044F \u044D\u0442\u043E\u0439 \u0432\u043E\u0439\u043D\u044B \u0436\u0435\u043D\u0449\u0438\u043D\u044B \u043C\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043E\u0432\u043E \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0438 \u0432 \u0432\u043E\u0439\u043D\u0435 \u0432 \u0441\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044E\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0430\u0440\u043C\u0438\u0438. \u0421\u0421\u0421\u0420 \u0431\u044B\u043B \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043D\u043E\u0439, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u0436\u0435\u043D\u0449\u0438\u043D\u044B \u043C\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043E\u0432\u043E \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043D\u0438\u043C\u0430\u043B\u0438 \u043D\u0435\u043F\u043E\u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0431\u043E\u0435\u0432\u044B\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044F\u0445 \u0432\u043E \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u044F \u0412\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0439 \u043C\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0439 \u0432\u043E\u0439\u043D\u044B."@ru . . . . . . . . . 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"\u0644\u0639\u0628\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064A\u062A\u064A\u0629 \u062F\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064B \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064B \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0629 (\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u0639\u0631\u0641\u062A \u062C\u0628\u0647\u062A\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064A\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062A\u062D\u0627\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064A\u062A\u064A \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062D\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0649)\u061B \u062D\u064A\u062B \u062E\u062F\u0645\u062A \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0647\u0646 \u0641\u064A \u0645\u062C\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062C\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062F\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062E\u0631\u0649\u060C \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0646 \u0644\u0641\u062A\u0631\u062A\u064A \u0639\u0645\u0644\u061B \u0644\u064A\u062A\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062C\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0641\u0631\u063A \u0644\u0644\u062D\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064A\u0629\u060C \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064A\u0643\u062A\u0641\u064A\u0646 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0644 \u062E\u062F\u0645\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062B\u064A\u0631\u0627\u062A \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u062C\u064A\u0634\u060C \u0623\u063A\u0644\u0628\u0647\u0646 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062D\u062F\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062D\u064A\u0629. \u062E\u062F\u0645\u062A 800,000 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062D\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064A\u062A\u064A\u0629 \u062E\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0631\u0628\u060C \u0623\u064A \u0645\u0627 \u064A\u0639\u0627\u062F\u0644 3% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064A\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060C \u0648\u0642\u062F \u062A\u0644\u0642\u062A 200,000 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0645\u0629\u060C \u064889 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0646 \u062A\u0644\u0642\u064A\u0646 \u062C\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062A\u062D\u0627\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064A\u062A\u064A \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062C\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062A\u062D\u0627\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064A\u062A\u064A\u060C \u0639\u0645\u0644\u062A \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0646 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064A\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062F\u0641\u0639\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0637\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062A \u0648\u0623\u062F\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062F\u0629 \u0623\u062E\u0631\u0649. \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062F\u0627\u064A\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062F\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0627\u062C\u0645\u062A \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062A\u062D\u0627\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064A\u062A\u064A \u0641\u064A 22 \u064A\u0648\u0646\u064A\u0648 1941 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u062D\u0628\u062A \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u0637\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062A\u060C \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064A\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062F \u062A\u063A\u064A\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u064A\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062F\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064B \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629\u061B \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064A\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u062E\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064A \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0627\u060C \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062B\u0627\u0646\u064A \u062C\u0647\u0648\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0646. \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062D\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062D\u0631\u0628\u060C \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0648\u0633\u064A\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062A\u0642\u062F\u0645 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u062C\u064A\u0634 \u0647\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062D\u062F\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062D\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u062D\u062F\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062F\u0629."@ar . "Soviet women in World War II"@en . . "\u0416\u0435\u043D\u0449\u0438\u043D\u044B \u0432 \u0412\u0435\u043B\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u041E\u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0432\u043E\u0439\u043D\u0435"@ru . . . "Les femmes sovi\u00E9tiques ont jou\u00E9 un r\u00F4le majeur pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale. La plupart ont travaill\u00E9 dans l'industrie, les transports, l'agriculture et d'autres r\u00F4les civils afin d'augmenter la production militaire, mais un nombre important de femmes a servi dans l'arm\u00E9e sovi\u00E9tique. La plupart travaillait dans des unit\u00E9s m\u00E9dicales. D\u00E8s 1925, les jeunes filles sovi\u00E9tiques suivent une formation, appel\u00E9e \u00AB enregistrement militaire \u00BB, \u00E9tablissant un livret militaire et consignant tous les renseignements n\u00E9cessaires \u00E0 une \u00E9ventuelle r\u00E9quisition en cas de conflit. Toutes les femmes entre 18 et 40 ans \u00E9taient concern\u00E9es et constituaient une r\u00E9serve militaire. Au fur et \u00E0 mesure que vont cro\u00EEtre les effroyables pertes militaires sovi\u00E9tiques, les femmes int\u00E9gr\u00E8rent l'Arm\u00E9e rouge en grand nombre. Au total, 800 000 femmes vont servir dans les forces arm\u00E9es sovi\u00E9tiques pendant la guerre. Plus de 100 000 d\u2019entre elles vont s\u2019engager dans l\u2019arm\u00E9e r\u00E9guli\u00E8re ou rejoindre les partisans. Pr\u00E8s de 200 000 seront d\u00E9cor\u00E9es et 85 recevront la plus haute distinction, celle de H\u00E9ros de l'Union sovi\u00E9tique. Le mod\u00E8le de la femme combattante a \u00E9t\u00E9 abondamment utilis\u00E9 par la propagande sovi\u00E9tique pendant la guerre. Cette mobilisation des femmes dans l'URSS en guerre a donc \u00E9t\u00E9 massive, dans l'effort de guerre comme dans le combat. Elles se sont particuli\u00E8rement illustr\u00E9es dans des unit\u00E9s combattantes - fantassins ou aviatrices."@fr . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Les dones sovi\u00E8tiques van tenir un paper important a la Segona Guerra Mundial (el front oriental del qual era conegut com a Gran Guerra Patri\u00F2tica a la Uni\u00F3 Sovi\u00E8tica). Mentre que moltes dones treballaven en la ind\u00FAstria, el transport, l'agricultura i altres funcions civils (treballavant en dobles torns per alliberar els homes que s'alistaven per lluitar i per augmentar la producci\u00F3 militar), un nombre considerable de dones van servir a l'ex\u00E8rcit. La majoria d'elles ho feien en unitats m\u00E8diques. Hi va haver 800.000 dones que van servir a les forces armades sovi\u00E8tiques durant la guerra, que era aproximadament el 3% del personal militar total. El nombre de el 1943 va ser de 348.309, 473.040 el 1944, i despr\u00E9s de 463.503 el 1945. Del personal m\u00E8dic de l'Ex\u00E8rcit Roig, el 40% dels param\u00E8dics, el 43% dels cirurgians, el 46% dels metges, el 57% dels assistens sanitaris i el 100% de les infermeres eren dones. Prop de 200.000 van ser condecorades i 89 van acabar rebent el m\u00E0xim guard\u00F3 de la Uni\u00F3 Sovi\u00E8tica, Heroi de la Uni\u00F3 Sovi\u00E8tica, entre les quals algunes van ser aviadores, franctiradores, armeres, membres de la tripulaci\u00F3 de tancs i partisanes, aix\u00ED com en funcions auxiliars. \n* Les franctiradores Nat\u00E0lia Kovxova i Maria Poliv\u00E0nova es van convertir en hero\u00EFnes p\u00F2stumes de la Uni\u00F3 Sovi\u00E8tica despr\u00E9s de su\u00EFcidar-se en batalla per evitar ser capturades per les forces alemanyes \n* La partisana Zoia Kosmodemi\u00E0nskaia va ser una de les partisanes m\u00E9s coneguda als mitjans sovi\u00E8tics Al principi, quan Alemanya va atacar la Uni\u00F3 Sovi\u00E8tica el 22 de juny de 1941, milers de dones que es van presentar volunt\u00E0ries van ser obligades a tornar a casa. Tot i aix\u00F2, despr\u00E9s de massives p\u00E8rdues davant l'Operaci\u00F3 Barba-roja, les actituds van haver de ser canviades, garantint un paper m\u00E9s gran per a les dones que volien lluitar. En les primeres etapes de la guerra, la ruta m\u00E9s r\u00E0pida per avan\u00E7ar en el servei militar per a dones era el servei en unitats m\u00E8diques i auxiliars."@ca . . . . . . . "Les femmes sovi\u00E9tiques ont jou\u00E9 un r\u00F4le majeur pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale. La plupart ont travaill\u00E9 dans l'industrie, les transports, l'agriculture et d'autres r\u00F4les civils afin d'augmenter la production militaire, mais un nombre important de femmes a servi dans l'arm\u00E9e sovi\u00E9tique. La plupart travaillait dans des unit\u00E9s m\u00E9dicales. Cette mobilisation des femmes dans l'URSS en guerre a donc \u00E9t\u00E9 massive, dans l'effort de guerre comme dans le combat. Elles se sont particuli\u00E8rement illustr\u00E9es dans des unit\u00E9s combattantes - fantassins ou aviatrices."@fr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "16135"^^ . . . . . . . . "Les dones sovi\u00E8tiques van tenir un paper important a la Segona Guerra Mundial (el front oriental del qual era conegut com a Gran Guerra Patri\u00F2tica a la Uni\u00F3 Sovi\u00E8tica). Mentre que moltes dones treballaven en la ind\u00FAstria, el transport, l'agricultura i altres funcions civils (treballavant en dobles torns per alliberar els homes que s'alistaven per lluitar i per augmentar la producci\u00F3 militar), un nombre considerable de dones van servir a l'ex\u00E8rcit. La majoria d'elles ho feien en unitats m\u00E8diques. \n* \n*"@ca . . . . . . . . . "Soviet women played an important role in World War II (whose Eastern Front was known as the Great Patriotic War in the Soviet Union). While most toiled in industry, transport, agriculture and other civilian roles, working double shifts to free up enlisted men to fight and increase military production, a sizable number of women served in the army. The majority were in medical units. There were 800,000 women who served in the Soviet Armed Forces during the war, which is roughly 5 percent of total military personnel. The number of women in the Soviet military in 1943 was 348,309, 473,040 in 1944, and then 463,503 in 1945. Of the medical personnel in the Red Army, 40% of paramedics, 43% of surgeons, 46% of doctors, 57% of medical assistants, and 100% of nurses were women. Nearly 200,000 were decorated and 89 of them eventually received the Soviet Union's highest award, the Hero of the Soviet Union, among which some served as pilots, snipers, machine gunners, tank crew members and partisans, as well as in auxiliary roles. At first, when Germany attacked the Soviet Union on June 22, 1941, thousands of women who volunteered were turned away. However, after massive losses in the face of Operation Barbarossa, attitudes had to be changed, ensuring a greater role for women who wanted to fight. In the early stages of the war, the fastest route to advancement in the military for women was service in medical and auxiliary units."@en . . . . . . . . . . . "Dones sovi\u00E8tiques a la Segona Guerra Mundial"@ca . . . . . "10023524"^^ . . .