. . . . . . "\u0412\u0435\u043B\u0438\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0448\u043E\u0432\u043A\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u0448\u043B\u044F\u0445"@uk . . . . . . . "La Ruta de la Seda es el nombre con que es conocida desde el siglo XIX,\u200B una extensa red de rutas comerciales terrestres y mar\u00EDtimas, abiertas por China desde al menos el siglo I a. C., que interconectaban la mayor parte del continente asi\u00E1tico, con terminales en las islas del Sudeste Asi\u00E1tico, el Mediterr\u00E1neo europeo y la costa oriental africana. Sus diversas rutas comenzaban en la ciudad de Chang'an (actualmente Xi'an), por entonces capital de China, pasando entre otras por Karak\u00F3rum (Mongolia), el Paso de Khunjerab (China/Pakist\u00E1n), Susa (Persia), el Valle de Fergana (Tayikist\u00E1n), Samarcanda (Uzbekist\u00E1n), Taxila (Pakist\u00E1n), Antioqu\u00EDa en Turqu\u00EDa, Alejandr\u00EDa (Egipto), Kaz\u00E1n (Rusia) y Constantinopla (actualmente Estambul, Turqu\u00EDa), Grecia, Roma y los territorios isl\u00E1micos en la pen\u00EDnsula i"@es . . . . . . . . . "Silk Road"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0412\u0435\u043B\u0438\u0301\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0448\u0451\u043B\u043A\u043E\u0432\u044B\u0439 \u043F\u0443\u0442\u044C \u2014 \u043A\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u0430\u044F \u0434\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0433\u0430, \u0441\u0432\u044F\u0437\u044B\u0432\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0430\u044F \u0412\u043E\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0447\u043D\u0443\u044E \u0410\u0437\u0438\u044E \u0441\u043E \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0437\u0435\u043C\u043D\u043E\u043C\u043E\u0440\u044C\u0435\u043C \u0432 \u0434\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0432 \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u043A\u0430. \u0412 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0443\u044E \u043E\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044C \u0438\u0441\u043F\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0437\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0441\u044F \u0434\u043B\u044F \u0432\u044B\u0432\u043E\u0437\u0430 \u0448\u0451\u043B\u043A\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u041A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u044F, \u0441 \u0447\u0435\u043C \u0438 \u0441\u0432\u044F\u0437\u0430\u043D\u043E \u0435\u0433\u043E \u043D\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435. \u041F\u0443\u0442\u044C \u0431\u044B\u043B \u043F\u0440\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0436\u0435\u043D \u0432\u043E II \u0432\u0435\u043A\u0435 \u0434\u043E \u043D. \u044D., \u0432\u0451\u043B \u0438\u0437 \u0421\u0438\u0430\u043D\u044F \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u041B\u0430\u043D\u044C\u0447\u0436\u043E\u0443 \u0432 \u0414\u0443\u043D\u044C\u0445\u0443\u0430\u043D, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0432\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0441\u044F: \u0441\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043D\u0430\u044F \u0434\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0433\u0430 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0445\u043E\u0434\u0438\u043B\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0422\u0443\u0440\u0444\u0430\u043D, \u0434\u0430\u043B\u0435\u0435 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043A\u0430\u043B\u0430 \u041F\u0430\u043C\u0438\u0440 \u0438 \u0448\u043B\u0430 \u0432 \u0424\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0443 \u0438 \u043A\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0445\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043F\u0438, \u044E\u0436\u043D\u0430\u044F \u2014 \u043C\u0438\u043C\u043E \u043E\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u041B\u043E\u0431\u043D\u043E\u0440 \u043F\u043E \u044E\u0436\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u043E\u043A\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043D\u0435 \u043F\u0443\u0441\u0442\u044B\u043D\u0438 \u0422\u0430\u043A\u043B\u0430-\u041C\u0430\u043A\u0430\u043D \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u042F\u0440\u043A\u0435\u043D\u0434 \u0438 \u041F\u0430\u043C\u0438\u0440 (\u0432 \u044E\u0436\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438) \u0432\u0435\u043B\u0430 \u0432 \u0411\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0440\u0438\u044E, \u0430 \u043E\u0442\u0442\u0443\u0434\u0430 \u2014 \u0432 \u041F\u0430\u0440\u0444\u0438\u044E, \u0418\u043D\u0434\u0438\u044E \u0438 \u043D\u0430 \u0411\u043B\u0438\u0436\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0412\u043E\u0441\u0442\u043E\u043A \u0432\u043F\u043B\u043E\u0442\u044C \u0434\u043E \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0437\u0435\u043C\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043C\u043E\u0440\u044F. \u0422\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0438\u043D \u0432\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0451\u043D \u043D\u0435\u043C\u0435\u0446\u043A\u0438\u043C \u0433\u0435\u043E\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u043E\u043C \u0424\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0430\u043D\u0434\u043E\u043C \u0444\u043E\u043D \u0420\u0438\u0445\u0442\u0433\u043E\u0444\u0435\u043D\u043E\u043C \u0432 1877 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0443."@ru . . . . "Ruta de la Seda"@es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "left/right/center"@en . . . . . . "Per via della seta (in cinese: \u7D72\u7DA2\u4E4B\u8DEFT, \u4E1D\u7EF8\u4E4B\u8DEFS, s\u012B ch\u00F3u zh\u012B l\u00F9P; in persiano \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0628\u0631\u06CC\u0634\u0645\u200E, \"R\u00E2h-e Abrisham\") s'intende il reticolo, che si sviluppava per circa 8 000 km, costituito da itinerari terrestri, marittimi e fluviali lungo i quali nell'antichit\u00E0 si erano snodati i commerci tra l'impero cinese e quello romano. Le vie carovaniere attraversavano l'Asia centrale e il Medio Oriente, collegando Chang'an (oggi Xi'an), in Cina, all'Asia Minore e al Mediterraneo attraverso il Medio Oriente e il Vicino Oriente. Le diramazioni si estendevano poi a est alla Corea e al Giappone e, a Sud, all'India. Il nome apparve per la prima volta nel 1877, quando il geografo tedesco Ferdinand von Richthofen (1833-1905) pubblic\u00F2 l'opera Tageb\u00FCcher aus China. Nell'Introduzione von Richthofen accenna al singolare alla Seidenstra\u00DFe, la \u00ABvia della seta\u00BB alludendo all'insieme di itinerari che univano l'Estremo Oriente all'Europa (Castelnovi, 2022, p. 105)."@it . . . . "Main routes of the Silk Road"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Sidenv\u00E4gen var under medeltiden ett n\u00E4tverk av handelsv\u00E4gar mellan Europa och Kina genom Centralasien. P\u00E5 karavanv\u00E4gar f\u00F6rdes redan fr\u00E5n andra \u00E5rhundradet f.Kr. siden fr\u00E5n Kina till l\u00E4nderna vid Medelhavet. Handelsv\u00E4gen \u00F6ppnade 119 f.Kr. efter att den kinesiska diplomaten Zhang Qian \u00E5terv\u00E4nt till Kina efter en l\u00E4ngre resa v\u00E4sterut (138 - 126 f.Kr.) som v\u00E4ckt ett intresse i Kina f\u00F6r V\u00E4sterlandet. Handelsrutten utgjordes av ett f\u00F6rgrenat n\u00E4tverk av v\u00E4gar fr\u00E5n Kinas huvudstad Chang'an, dagens Xi'an, i mitten av Nordkina v\u00E4sterut via Taklamakan\u00F6knens oasstater, Kashgar, Pamir, Samarkand och Bukhara till Merv (Mary) i dagens Turkmenistan och d\u00E4rifr\u00E5n vidare genom Persien mot Mesopotamien. D\u00E4r kunde man f\u00F6lja Eufrat upp till hamnst\u00E4derna i Mellan\u00F6stern. Hela resan tog ett par \u00E5r, men mycket f\u00E5 handelsm\u00E4n transporterade sina varor hela v\u00E4gen. Vanligare var att en handelsman k\u00F6pte en last, transporterade den en bit av v\u00E4gen f\u00F6r att d\u00E4refter s\u00E4lja den, k\u00F6pa en annan last och transportera tillbaka till sin hemstad. En gren av v\u00E4gen gick fr\u00E5n Kashgar \u00F6ver Karakorumpasset till Indien, och bortom Chang'an i Kina fortsatte handeln \u00E4nda bort till dagens Korea. Ett gemensamt namn p\u00E5 dessa v\u00E4gar \u00E4r \"Sidenv\u00E4gen\". Namnet lanserades f\u00F6rst av den tyske geologen Ferdinand von Richthofen i slutet p\u00E5 1800-talet. Handelsvarorna bestod inte bara av siden utan \u00E4ven guld och kryddor som ingef\u00E4ra och kanel. Handelsv\u00E4gens guld\u00E5lder inf\u00F6ll under Tangdynastin p\u00E5 600-800-talen. N\u00E4r Marco Polo f\u00E4rdades l\u00E4ngs v\u00E4gen p\u00E5 v\u00E4g till Khubilai khans hov i nuvarande Peking i slutet av 1200-talet hade den redan b\u00F6rjat f\u00F6rlora i betydelse av flera orsaker och handeln med Europa via Sidenv\u00E4gen upph\u00F6rde i princip helt sedan europ\u00E9erna uppt\u00E4ckt sj\u00F6v\u00E4gen till Indien runt Godahoppsudden 1498 och senare initierade handel direkt med Kina. Nyttan med Sidenv\u00E4gen var tv\u00E5faldig; det ekonomiska utbytet var mycket omfattade, men l\u00E4ngs Sidenv\u00E4gen spreds ocks\u00E5 olika religioner, synkretiska filosofier, olika tekniker och sjukdomar. I juni 2014 valdes en 5 000 km l\u00E5ng del av Sidenv\u00E4gen, bel\u00E4gen i Kina, Kirgizistan och Kazakstan tillsammans med 33 specifika platser l\u00E4ngs v\u00E4gen in p\u00E5 Unescos v\u00E4rldsarvslista p\u00E5 den 38:e generalkonferensen."@sv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0412\u0435\u043B\u0438\u0301\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0448\u0451\u043B\u043A\u043E\u0432\u044B\u0439 \u043F\u0443\u0442\u044C \u2014 \u043A\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u0430\u044F \u0434\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0433\u0430, \u0441\u0432\u044F\u0437\u044B\u0432\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0430\u044F \u0412\u043E\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0447\u043D\u0443\u044E \u0410\u0437\u0438\u044E \u0441\u043E \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0437\u0435\u043C\u043D\u043E\u043C\u043E\u0440\u044C\u0435\u043C \u0432 \u0434\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0432 \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u043A\u0430. \u0412 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0443\u044E \u043E\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044C \u0438\u0441\u043F\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0437\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0441\u044F \u0434\u043B\u044F \u0432\u044B\u0432\u043E\u0437\u0430 \u0448\u0451\u043B\u043A\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u041A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u044F, \u0441 \u0447\u0435\u043C \u0438 \u0441\u0432\u044F\u0437\u0430\u043D\u043E \u0435\u0433\u043E \u043D\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435. \u041F\u0443\u0442\u044C \u0431\u044B\u043B \u043F\u0440\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0436\u0435\u043D \u0432\u043E II \u0432\u0435\u043A\u0435 \u0434\u043E \u043D. \u044D., \u0432\u0451\u043B \u0438\u0437 \u0421\u0438\u0430\u043D\u044F \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u041B\u0430\u043D\u044C\u0447\u0436\u043E\u0443 \u0432 \u0414\u0443\u043D\u044C\u0445\u0443\u0430\u043D, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0432\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0441\u044F: \u0441\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043D\u0430\u044F \u0434\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0433\u0430 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0445\u043E\u0434\u0438\u043B\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0422\u0443\u0440\u0444\u0430\u043D, \u0434\u0430\u043B\u0435\u0435 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043A\u0430\u043B\u0430 \u041F\u0430\u043C\u0438\u0440 \u0438 \u0448\u043B\u0430 \u0432 \u0424\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0443 \u0438 \u043A\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0445\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043F\u0438, \u044E\u0436\u043D\u0430\u044F \u2014 \u043C\u0438\u043C\u043E \u043E\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u041B\u043E\u0431\u043D\u043E\u0440 \u043F\u043E \u044E\u0436\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u043E\u043A\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043D\u0435 \u043F\u0443\u0441\u0442\u044B\u043D\u0438 \u0422\u0430\u043A\u043B\u0430-\u041C\u0430\u043A\u0430\u043D \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u042F\u0440\u043A\u0435\u043D\u0434 \u0438 \u041F\u0430\u043C\u0438\u0440 (\u0432 \u044E\u0436\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438) \u0432\u0435\u043B\u0430 \u0432 \u0411\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0440\u0438\u044E, \u0430 \u043E\u0442\u0442\u0443\u0434\u0430 \u2014 \u0432 \u041F\u0430\u0440\u0444\u0438\u044E, \u0418\u043D\u0434\u0438\u044E \u0438 \u043D\u0430 \u0411\u043B\u0438\u0436\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0412\u043E\u0441\u0442\u043E\u043A \u0432\u043F\u043B\u043E\u0442\u044C \u0434\u043E \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0437\u0435\u043C\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043C\u043E\u0440\u044F. \u0422\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0438\u043D \u0432\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0451\u043D \u043D\u0435\u043C\u0435\u0446\u043A\u0438\u043C \u0433\u0435\u043E\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u043E\u043C \u0424\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0430\u043D\u0434\u043E\u043C \u0444\u043E\u043D \u0420\u0438\u0445\u0442\u0433\u043E\u0444\u0435\u043D\u043E\u043C \u0432 1877 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0443."@ru . . "De (klassieke) zijderoute of zijdeweg was een netwerk van karavaanroutes door Centraal-Azi\u00EB, waarlangs gedurende vele eeuwen handel werd gedreven tussen China en het oosten van Azi\u00EB aan de ene kant en het Midden-Oosten en het Middellandse Zeegebied aan de andere kant. Eeuwenlang, van de klassieke oudheid tot de late middeleeuwen, was de zijderoute de belangrijkste verbinding tussen oost en west. De eerste persoon die de naam zijderoute (Seidenstra\u00DFe) gebruikte was de Duitse geograaf en ontdekkingsreiziger Ferdinand von Richthofen in 1877. Het westelijk deel van de route werd in de 5e eeuw v.Chr. gevormd door de Perzische Koninklijke Weg. Het Centraal-Aziatische deel van de route was al in gebruik rond 115 v.Chr. ten tijde van de Han-dynastie. De handel over land nam af in de middeleeuwen, toen deze zich verplaatste naar het transport via de zee. In 2013 nam de Chinese president Xi Jinping het initiatief tot een grootschalige verbetering van de infrastructuur tussen Aziatische en Europese landen. Dit initiatief wordt ook wel de 'Nieuwe Zijderoute' genoemd."@nl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Map of Eurasia with drawn lines for overland routes"@en . . . "\u0637\u0631\u064A\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0631\u064A\u0631"@ar . "La ruta de la seda era una xarxa de rutes comercials entre \u00C0sia i Europa que s'estenia per m\u00E9s de 8.000 km des de Chang'an (actualment Xi'an) a la Xina, Antioquia a S\u00EDria i Constantinoble (actualment Istanbul, Turquia), a les portes d'Europa. Deu el seu nom a la mercaderia m\u00E9s prestigiosa que hi circulava, la seda, la fabricaci\u00F3 de la qual era un secret que nom\u00E9s els xinesos coneixien, encara que els romans es van convertir en grans afeccionats despr\u00E9s de con\u00E8ixer el secret abans del comen\u00E7ament de l'era cristiana mitjan\u00E7ant els parts: aquests van organitzar-ne llavors el comer\u00E7. Molts altres productes transitaven aquestes rutes: pedres i metalls preciosos, teles de llana o de lli, ambre, ivori, laca, esp\u00E8cies, vidre, corall, etc. A mitjan segle xix, el ge\u00F2leg alemany Ferdinand von Richthofen va ser el primer a anomenar ruta de la seda la trama de vies de comunicaci\u00F3 que van connectar la immensitat de la zona eurasi\u00E0tica."@ca . "Silk Road"@en . . . . . . . "The Silk Road (Chinese: \u7D72\u7DA2\u4E4B\u8DEF) was a network of Eurasian trade routes active from the second century BCE until the mid-15th century. Spanning over 6,400 kilometers (4,000 miles), it played a central role in facilitating economic, cultural, political, and religious interactions between the East and West. The name \"Silk Road\", first coined in the late 19th century, has fallen into disuse among some modern historians in favor of Silk Routes, on the grounds that it more accurately describes the intricate web of land and sea routes connecting East and Southeast Asia, the Indian subcontinent, Central Asia, the Middle East, East Africa and Europe."@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Silk from Mawangdui.jpg"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 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"( \uC774 \uBB38\uC11C\uB294 \uB545\uACFC \uBC14\uB2E4 \uB4F1\uC744 \uD1B5\uD55C \uADFC\uB300 \uC774\uC804\uC758 \uB3D9\uC11C \uAD50\uC5ED\uB85C\uC5D0 \uAD00\uD55C \uAC83\uC785\uB2C8\uB2E4. \uC2E4\uD06C\uB85C\uB4DC\uC5D0 \uAD00\uD55C \uB3D9\uC74C\uC774\uC758\uC5B4\uC5D0 \uB300\uD574\uC11C\uB294 \uC2E4\uD06C\uB85C\uB4DC (\uB3D9\uC74C\uC774\uC758) \uBB38\uC11C\uB97C, \uBE44\uB2E8\uAE38\uC5D0 \uAD00\uD55C \uB3D9\uC74C\uC774\uC758\uC5B4\uC5D0 \uB300\uD574\uC11C\uB294 \uBE44\uB2E8\uAE38 (\uB3D9\uC74C\uC774\uC758) \uBB38\uC11C\uB97C \uCC38\uACE0\uD558\uC2ED\uC2DC\uC624.) \uBE44\uB2E8\uAE38(\u7DCB\u7DDE\u8DEF, \uBE44\uB2E8\uB85C) \uB610\uB294 \uC2E4\uD06C\uB85C\uB4DC(Silk Road)\uB294 \uB545 \uD639\uC740 \uBC14\uB2E4 \uB4F1\uC744 \uD1B5\uD55C \uADFC\uB300 \uC774\uC804\uC758 \uB3D9\uC11C \uAD50\uC5ED\uB85C\uB97C \uAC00\uB9AC\uD0A4\uB294 \uB9D0\uC774\uB2E4. \uD558\uC9C0\uB9CC \uC5EC\uAE30\uC5D0\uC11C \uB3D9(\u6771), \uC11C(\u897F)\uB77C \uD568\uC740 \uB3D9\uC591\uACFC \uC11C\uC591\uC744 \uB73B\uD558\uB294 \uACBD\uC6B0\uAC00 \uB9CE\uB2E4. \uC774\uB294 \uBE44\uB2E8\uAE38\uC774\uB77C\uB294 \uC5B8\uC5B4\uC758 \uAE30\uC6D0 \uC790\uCCB4\uAC00 \uC911\uAD6D\uC758 \uBE44\uB2E8\uC774 \uB85C\uB9C8 \uC81C\uAD6D\uC73C\uB85C \uD758\uB7EC\uAC00\uB294 \uAC83\uC744 \uC758\uBBF8\uD588\uAE30 \uB54C\uBB38\uC774\uB2E4. \uBE44\uB2E8\uAE38\uC758 \uC11C\uCABD \uB05D\uC740 \uCF58\uC2A4\uD0C4\uD2F0\uB178\uD3F4\uB9AC\uC2A4(\uB610\uB294 \uADF8 \uB108\uBA38\uC758 \uB85C\uB9C8)\uC774\uACE0, \uB3D9\uCABD \uB05D\uC740 \uC7A5\uC548(\uB610\uB294 \uBCA0\uC774\uC9D5)\uC774\uB2E4. \uBE44\uB2E8\uAE38\uC740 \uB2E8\uC21C\uD788 \uB3D9\uC11C\uB97C \uC787\uB294 \uD6A1\uB2E8\uCD95\uC73C\uB85C \uC0DD\uAC01\uB418\uC5B4 \uC654\uC73C\uB098 \uCD5C\uADFC \uC5F0\uAD6C\uC5D0 \uB530\uB974\uBA74 \uB0A8\uBD81\uC758 \uC5EC\uB7EC \uD1B5\uB85C\uB97C \uD3EC\uD568\uD574 \uB3D9\uC11C\uB0A8\uBD81\uC73C\uB85C \uC0AC\uD1B5\uD314\uB2EC\uD55C \uD558\uB098\uC758 \uAC70\uB300\uD55C \uAD50\uD1B5\uB9DD\uC73C\uB85C \uBCF4\uC544\uC57C \uD55C\uB2E4. \uC774\uC5D0 \uB530\uB77C \uBE44\uB2E8\uAE38\uC758 \uAC1C\uB150 \uB610\uD55C \uD655\uB300\uB418\uC5B4 3\uB300 \uAC04\uC120\uACFC 5\uB300 \uC9C0\uC120\uC744 \uBE44\uB86F\uD574 \uC218\uB9CC \uAC08\uB798 \uAE38\uB85C \uAD6C\uC131\uB418\uC5B4 \uC788\uB294 \uBC94\uC138\uACC4\uC801\uC778 \uADF8\uBB3C \uBAA8\uC591\uC758 \uAD50\uD1B5\uB85C\uC774\uB2E4. \uC911\uAD6D\uACFC \uCE74\uC790\uD750\uC2A4\uD0C4, \uD0A4\uB974\uAE30\uC2A4\uC2A4\uD0C4\uC758 \uC138\uACC4\uC720\uC0B0\uC774\uAE30\uB3C4 \uD558\uB2E4."@ko . . . . . . . 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"\u4E1D\u7EF8\u4E4B\u8DEF"@zh . . . "Jalur Sutra (Hanzi tradisional: \u7D72\u7DA2\u4E4B\u8DEF; Hanzi sederhana: \u4E1D\u7EF8\u4E4B\u8DEF; pinyin: s\u012B ch\u00F3u zh\u012B l\u00F9, bahasa Persia \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0628\u0631\u06CC\u0634\u0645 R\u00E2h-e Abrisham) adalah sebuah jalur perdagangan melalui Asia yang menghubungkan antara Timur dan Barat dengan dihubungkan oleh pedagang, pengelana, biarawan, prajurit, nomaden dengan menggunakan karavan dan kapal laut, dan menghubungkan Chang'an, Republik Rakyat Tiongkok, dengan Antiokhia, Suriah, dan juga tempat lainnya pada waktu yang bervariasi. Pengaruh jalur ini terbawa sampai ke Korea dan Jepang."@in . . "150"^^ . . . . . . . . . "Route de la soie"@fr . . "Woven silk textiles from Tomb No. 1 at Mawangdui, Changsha, Hunan province, China, Western Han dynasty period, dated 2nd century BCE"@en . . . . . "1450.0"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Als Seidenstra\u00DFe (chinesisch \u7D72\u7DA2\u4E4B\u8DEF / \u4E1D\u7EF8\u4E4B\u8DEF, Pinyin S\u012Bch\u00F3u zh\u012B L\u00F9 \u2013 \u201Edie Route / Stra\u00DFe der Seide\u201C; mongolisch \u1832\u1823\u1837\u182D\u1820\u1828 \u1835\u1820\u182E T\u00F4rgan Jam; kurz: \u7D72\u8DEF / \u4E1D\u8DEF, S\u012Bl\u00F9, persisch: \u062C\u0627\u062F\u0647 \u0627\u0628\u0631\u06CC\u0634\u0645) bezeichnet man ein altes Netz von Karawanenstra\u00DFen, dessen Hauptroute den Mittelmeerraum auf dem Landweg \u00FCber Zentralasien mit Ostasien verband. Die Bezeichnung geht auf den deutschen Geografen Ferdinand von Richthofen zur\u00FCck, der den Begriff erstmals 1877 verwendete. Auf der antiken Seidenstra\u00DFe wurde in westliche Richtung haupts\u00E4chlich Seide, gen Osten vor allem Wolle, Gold und Silber gehandelt (siehe auch Indienhandel). Nicht nur Kaufleute, Gelehrte und Armeen nutzten ihr Netz, sondern auch Ideen, Religionen und ganze Kulturkreise diffundierten und migrierten auf den Routen von Ost nach West und umgekehrt: hier\u00FCber kamen z. B. der Nestorianismus (aus dem sp\u00E4tantiken R\u00F6mischen Reich) und der Buddhismus (von Indien) nach China. Allerdings wird in der neueren Forschung davor gewarnt, das Handelsvolumen (zumindest auf dem Landweg) und die Verkehrsinfrastruktur der verschiedenen Handelsrouten zu \u00FCbersch\u00E4tzen. Eine 6400 Kilometer lange Route begann in Xi\u2019an und folgte dem Verlauf der Chinesischen Mauer in Richtung Nordwesten, passierte die Taklamakan-W\u00FCste, \u00FCberwand das Pamirgebirge und f\u00FChrte \u00FCber Afghanistan in die Levante; von dort wurden die Handelsg\u00FCter dann \u00FCber das Mittelmeer verschifft. Nur wenige Kaufleute reisten auf der gesamten Route, die Waren wurden eher gestaffelt \u00FCber Zwischenh\u00E4ndler transportiert. Ihre gr\u00F6\u00DFte Bedeutung erreichte das Handels- und Wegenetz zwischen 115 v. Chr. und dem 13. Jahrhundert n. Chr. Mit dem allm\u00E4hlichen Verlust r\u00F6mischen Territoriums in Asien und dem Aufstieg Arabiens in der Levante wurde die Seidenstra\u00DFe zunehmend unsicher und kaum noch bereist. Im 13. und 14. Jahrhundert wurde die Strecke unter den Mongolen wiederbelebt; unter anderen benutzte sie zu der Zeit der Venezianer Marco Polo, um nach Cathay (China) zu reisen. Nach weit verbreiteter Ansicht war die Route einer der Hauptwege, \u00FCber die Mitte des 14. Jahrhunderts Pestbakterien von Asien nach Europa gelangten und dort den Schwarzen Tod verursachten. In der Gegenwart gibt es unter dem Namen \u201ENeue Seidenstra\u00DFe\u201C mehrere Projekte der Volksrepublik China zum Ausbau insbesondere der Verkehrsinfrastruktur im Gebiet der historischen Seidenstra\u00DFe."@de . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "De (klassieke) zijderoute of zijdeweg was een netwerk van karavaanroutes door Centraal-Azi\u00EB, waarlangs gedurende vele eeuwen handel werd gedreven tussen China en het oosten van Azi\u00EB aan de ene kant en het Midden-Oosten en het Middellandse Zeegebied aan de andere kant. Eeuwenlang, van de klassieke oudheid tot de late middeleeuwen, was de zijderoute de belangrijkste verbinding tussen oost en west. De eerste persoon die de naam zijderoute (Seidenstra\u00DFe) gebruikte was de Duitse geograaf en ontdekkingsreiziger Ferdinand von Richthofen in 1877."@nl . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Silk Road"@en . . . "\u30B7\u30EB\u30AF\u30ED\u30FC\u30C9"@ja . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u30B7\u30EB\u30AF\u30ED\u30FC\u30C9\uFF08\u7D79\u306E\u9053\u3001\u82F1\u8A9E: Silk Road, \u30C9\u30A4\u30C4\u8A9E: Seidenstra\u00DFe, \u7E41\u4F53\u5B57\uFF1A\u7D72\u7DA2\u4E4B\u8DEF, \u7C21\u4F53\u5B57\uFF1A\u4E1D\u7EF8\u4E4B\u8DEF\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u7D00\u5143\u524D2\u4E16\u7D00\u304B\u308915\u4E16\u7D00\u534A\u3070\u307E\u3067\u6D3B\u8E8D\u3057\u305F\u30E6\u30FC\u30E9\u30B7\u30A2\u5927\u9678\u306E\u4EA4\u6613\u8DEF\u7DB2\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u5168\u95776,400\u30AD\u30ED\u30E1\u30FC\u30C8\u30EB\u4EE5\u4E0A\u3001\u6771\u897F\u306E\u7D4C\u6E08\u30FB\u6587\u5316\u30FB\u653F\u6CBB\u30FB\u5B97\u6559\u306E\u4EA4\u6D41\u306B\u4E2D\u5FC3\u7684\u306A\u5F79\u5272\u3092\u679C\u305F\u3057\u305F \u300219\u4E16\u7D00\u5F8C\u534A\u306B\u4F5C\u3089\u308C\u305F\u300C\u30B7\u30EB\u30AF\u30ED\u30FC\u30C9\u300D\u3068\u3044\u3046\u540D\u79F0\u306F\u3001\u4E00\u90E8\u306E\u73FE\u4EE3\u53F2\u5BB6\u306E\u9593\u3067\u4F7F\u308F\u308C\u306A\u304F\u306A\u308A\u3001\u6771\u30A2\u30B8\u30A2\u3001\u6771\u5357\u30A2\u30B8\u30A2\u3001\u30A4\u30F3\u30C9\u4E9C\u5927\u9678\u3001\u4E2D\u592E\u30A2\u30B8\u30A2\u3001\u4E2D\u6771\u3001\u6771\u30A2\u30D5\u30EA\u30AB\u3001\u30E8\u30FC\u30ED\u30C3\u30D1\u3092\u7D50\u3076\u8907\u96D1\u306A\u9678\u8DEF\u30FB\u6D77\u8DEF\u3092\u3088\u308A\u6B63\u78BA\u306B\u8868\u3059\u300C\u30B7\u30EB\u30AF\u30EB\u30FC\u30C8\u300D\u3068\u3044\u3046\u540D\u79F0\u304C\u4F7F\u308F\u308C\u308B\u3088\u3046\u306B\u306A\u3063\u305F\u3002 \u30B7\u30EB\u30AF\u30ED\u30FC\u30C9\u306E\u540D\u306F\u3001\u307B\u307C\u4E2D\u56FD\u3067\u751F\u7523\u3055\u308C\u308B\u7D79\u7E54\u7269\u306E\u8CBF\u6613\u306B\u7531\u6765\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002\u30B7\u30EB\u30AF\u30ED\u30FC\u30C9\u306E\u59CB\u307E\u308A\u306F\u3001\u7D00\u5143\u524D114\u5E74\u9803\u306B\u6F22\u738B\u671D\u304C\u4E2D\u592E\u30A2\u30B8\u30A2\u306B\u9032\u51FA\u3057\u3001\u304B\u3064\u3066\u672A\u958B\u306E\u5730\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305F\u3053\u306E\u5730\u57DF\u3092\u307B\u307C\u5E73\u5B9A\u3057\u305F\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u5F35\u9A2B\u306F\u3001\u3053\u306E\u5730\u57DF\u306E\u5411\u3053\u3046\u5074\u306B\u3042\u308B\u672A\u77E5\u306E\u571F\u5730\u3092\u63A2\u691C\u3057\u3001\u8CBF\u6613\u76F8\u624B\u3084\u540C\u76DF\u56FD\u306E\u5019\u88DC\u3092\u63A2\u3059\u3088\u3046\u547D\u3058\u3089\u308C\u305F\u3002\u3053\u306E\u63A2\u691C\u3067\u5F97\u305F\u60C5\u5831\u3084\u7269\u8CC7\u306F\u3001\u4E2D\u56FD\u306E\u95A2\u5FC3\u3092\u547C\u3073\u3001\u5916\u4EA4\u3084\u5546\u696D\u306E\u6B63\u5F0F\u306A\u6D3E\u9063\u3092\u4FC3\u3057\u3001\u5175\u58EB\u3084\u4E07\u91CC\u306E\u9577\u57CE\u306E\u62E1\u5F35\u306B\u3088\u308B\u30EB\u30FC\u30C8\u306E\u4FDD\u8B77\u306B\u529B\u3092\u5165\u308C\u305F\u3002"@ja . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "La Ruta de la Seda es el nombre con que es conocida desde el siglo XIX,\u200B una extensa red de rutas comerciales terrestres y mar\u00EDtimas, abiertas por China desde al menos el siglo I a. C., que interconectaban la mayor parte del continente asi\u00E1tico, con terminales en las islas del Sudeste Asi\u00E1tico, el Mediterr\u00E1neo europeo y la costa oriental africana. Sus diversas rutas comenzaban en la ciudad de Chang'an (actualmente Xi'an), por entonces capital de China, pasando entre otras por Karak\u00F3rum (Mongolia), el Paso de Khunjerab (China/Pakist\u00E1n), Susa (Persia), el Valle de Fergana (Tayikist\u00E1n), Samarcanda (Uzbekist\u00E1n), Taxila (Pakist\u00E1n), Antioqu\u00EDa en Turqu\u00EDa, Alejandr\u00EDa (Egipto), Kaz\u00E1n (Rusia) y Constantinopla (actualmente Estambul, Turqu\u00EDa), Grecia, Roma y los territorios isl\u00E1micos en la pen\u00EDnsula ib\u00E9rica en el siglo X, as\u00ED como a Somalia y Etiop\u00EDa en el \u00C1frica oriental. A partir del siglo XV y especialmente a partir del \u00ABdescubrimiento\u00BB de la existencia de Am\u00E9rica y sus civilizaciones, y su posterior conquista por las monarqu\u00EDas europeas, se abrieron nuevas rutas a trav\u00E9s de los oc\u00E9anos Atl\u00E1ntico y Pac\u00EDfico, y se introdujeron nuevas mercader\u00EDas -en especial la plata americana- en el sistema comercial mundial, que se ensamblaron a la Ruta de la Seda, modificando parcialmente sus recorridos. El auge del Imperio Brit\u00E1nico y del comercio de opio, la colonizaci\u00F3n europea de \u00C1frica y Asia, y la decadencia de China a partir de las Guerras del Opio, llevaron a una p\u00E9rdida de importancia de la ruta y el comercio intraasi\u00E1tico, hasta comienzos del siglo XXI, cuando el resurgimiento econ\u00F3mico del Asia Oriental y especialmente China, dio lugar a la emergencia de la llamada Nueva Ruta de la Seda.\u200B Durante un tiempo se pens\u00F3 que el t\u00E9rmino \"Ruta de la Seda\" fue creado por el ge\u00F3grafo alem\u00E1n Ferdinand Freiherr von Richthofen, quien lo introdujo en el tomo 1 de su obra China. Ergebnisse eigener Reisen und darauf gegr\u00FCndeter Studien (China. Resultados de mis viajes y estudios basados \u200B\u200Ben ellos), publicado en 1877, pero un estudio reciente descubri\u00F3 que el t\u00E9rmino se pod\u00EDa encontrar en textos anteriores.\u200B Debe su nombre a la mercanc\u00EDa m\u00E1s prestigiosa que circulaba por ella, la seda, cuya elaboraci\u00F3n era un secreto que solo los chinos conoc\u00EDan. Muchos productos transitaban estas rutas: piedras y metales preciosos (diamantes de Golconda, rub\u00EDes de Birmania, jade de China, perlas del golfo P\u00E9rsico), telas de lana o de lino, \u00E1mbar, marfil, laca, especias, porcelana, vidrio, materiales manufacturados, coral, etc. En junio de 2014, la Unesco eligi\u00F3 un tramo de la Ruta de la Seda como Patrimonio de la Humanidad con la denominaci\u00F3n Rutas de la Seda: red viaria de la ruta del corredor Chang\u2019an-Tian-shan. Se trata de un tramo de 5000 kil\u00F3metros de la gran red viaria de las Rutas de la Seda que va desde la zona central de China hasta la regi\u00F3n de Zhetysu, situada en el Asia Central, incluyendo 33 nuevos sitios en China, Kazajist\u00E1n y Kirguist\u00E1n.\u200B"@es . . . . . . . . "La ruta de la seda era una xarxa de rutes comercials entre \u00C0sia i Europa que s'estenia per m\u00E9s de 8.000 km des de Chang'an (actualment Xi'an) a la Xina, Antioquia a S\u00EDria i Constantinoble (actualment Istanbul, Turquia), a les portes d'Europa. Deu el seu nom a la mercaderia m\u00E9s prestigiosa que hi circulava, la seda, la fabricaci\u00F3 de la qual era un secret que nom\u00E9s els xinesos coneixien, encara que els romans es van convertir en grans afeccionats despr\u00E9s de con\u00E8ixer el secret abans del comen\u00E7ament de l'era cristiana mitjan\u00E7ant els parts: aquests van organitzar-ne llavors el comer\u00E7. Molts altres productes transitaven aquestes rutes: pedres i metalls preciosos, teles de llana o de lli, ambre, ivori, laca, esp\u00E8cies, vidre, corall, etc."@ca . . "Oni nomas silka vojo reton de karavanaj vojoj, tra kiu atingis E\u016Dropon la \u0109ina silko en la antikva kaj mezepoko. \u011Ci estis solene malfermita dum regado de la partuja Mitridato la 2-a en la jaro -115. La nocio silka vojo estis inventita en 1877 fare de Ferdinand von Richthofen, germana geografo, por indiki la historian fenomenon de E\u016Drazia komerco prefere al specifa itinero. Se oni parolas pri la silka vojo, oni pensas kutime pri la \u0109efa vojo, kiu kondukis de Xi'an (la tiama \u0109efurbo de \u0108inio) tra Lanzhou, kaj \u011Dis Dunhuang, tie dividi\u011Dis al norda kaj suda itinero \u0109irka\u016D la dezerto Takla Makan kaj denove kuni\u011Dis \u0109e Kashgar kaj de tie kuris tra Samarkando, Bu\u0125ara, Teherano \u011Dis Antio\u0125io (hodia\u016D Antakya) al la marbordo de la Mediteranea maro. Oni transportis tra la silka vojo ne nur varojn kiel spicoj, silko, vitra\u0135o kaj porcelano; sed per la komerco disvasti\u011Dis anka\u016D religioj kaj kulturoj. Tiel atingis budhismo per la silka vojo tra \u0108inio Japanion kaj tie i\u011Dis reganta religio. Anka\u016D kristanismo (el la tiel nomita Nestorianismo) penetris tra la silka vojo \u011Dis al la tiama \u0109efurbo de \u0108inio, kiel hodia\u016D roktabulo dokumentas tion en Xi'an. La kono pri papero kaj pulvoro alvenis en la arabajn landojn per la silka vojo kaj de tie atingis poste E\u016Dropon. Pro la klimo\u015Dan\u011Do kaj militoj, sed \u0109efe pro la kreskanta signifo de novaj \u015Dipvoja\u011Doj post la malkovroj fare de la portugaloj kaj hispanoj, la silka vojo perdis sian gravon post la 15-a jarcento. Nun \u011Di i\u011Dis turisma celo."@eo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "La route de la soie est un r\u00E9seau ancien de routes commerciales entre l'Asie et l'Europe, reliant la ville de Chang'an (actuelle Xi'an) en Chine \u00E0 la ville d'Antioche, en Syrie m\u00E9di\u00E9vale (aujourd'hui en Turquie). Elle tire son nom de la plus pr\u00E9cieuse marchandise qui y transitait : la soie. La route de la soie \u00E9tait un faisceau de routes, terrestres mais aussi maritimes (et on peut donc parler aussi bien des routes de la soie), par lesquelles transitaient de nombreuses marchandises, ainsi que des techniques, des id\u00E9es, des religions. Ces routes monopolis\u00E8rent les \u00E9changes Est-Ouest pendant des si\u00E8cles. Les plus anciennes traces connues de la route de la soie, comme voie de communication avec les populations de l'Ouest, remontent \u00E0 \u00AB 2000 avant notre \u00E8re au moins \u00BB. Les Chinois en fixent l'ouverture au voyage de Zhang Qian entre -138 et -126. Mais la route de la soie s'est d\u00E9velopp\u00E9e surtout sous la dynastie Han (206 av. J.-C. \u2013 220 apr. J.-C.), en particulier Han Wudi. Elle connut une nouvelle p\u00E9riode de d\u00E9veloppement sous la dynastie Tang (618\u2013907) puis durant la paix mongole, au XIIIe si\u00E8cle. \u00C0 partir du XVe si\u00E8cle, la route de la soie est progressivement abandonn\u00E9e, l'instabilit\u00E9 des guerres turco-byzantines, puis la chute de Constantinople poussant en effet les Occidentaux \u00E0 chercher une nouvelle route maritime vers les Indes \u00E0 travers l'Atlantique. L'abandon de la route de la soie correspond ainsi au d\u00E9but de la p\u00E9riode des \u00AB Grandes d\u00E9couvertes \u00BB durant laquelle les techniques de transport maritime deviennent de plus en plus performantes. Du c\u00F4t\u00E9 chinois, les empereurs Ming Yongle, puis Ming Xuanzong chargent, \u00E0 la m\u00EAme \u00E9poque, l'amiral Zheng He d'exp\u00E9ditions maritimes similaires."@fr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Zetaren Bidea Asia eta Europa arteko merkataritza-bide sarea zen. Bidea antzinako Chang'an (gaur egungo Xi'an) Txinako hiriburutik Antakya edo Konstantinopolisera (gaur egungo Istanbul) zihoan. Bere izena eramaten zuen merkatugai nagusitik zetorkion: zeta. Hau Txinan baino ez zen ekoizten eta antzinako Erroman modan zegoen. Hala ere bide beratik beste merkatugai asko eramaten ziren: harri eta metal bitxiak, artile edo liho bezalako oihalak, anbarra, bolia, laka, ongailuak, beira, koralak eta abar. Izena von Richthofen baroiak 1870ean jarri zion: Seidenstrasse (euskaraz: \u00ABZetaren bidea\u00BB)"@eu . . . . . . . . . "Oni nomas silka vojo reton de karavanaj vojoj, tra kiu atingis E\u016Dropon la \u0109ina silko en la antikva kaj mezepoko. \u011Ci estis solene malfermita dum regado de la partuja Mitridato la 2-a en la jaro -115. La nocio silka vojo estis inventita en 1877 fare de Ferdinand von Richthofen, germana geografo, por indiki la historian fenomenon de E\u016Drazia komerco prefere al specifa itinero. Pro la klimo\u015Dan\u011Do kaj militoj, sed \u0109efe pro la kreskanta signifo de novaj \u015Dipvoja\u011Doj post la malkovroj fare de la portugaloj kaj hispanoj, la silka vojo perdis sian gravon post la 15-a jarcento. Nun \u011Di i\u011Dis turisma celo."@eo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0412\u0435\u043B\u0438\u0301\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0448\u043E\u0432\u043A\u043E\u0301\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u0448\u043B\u044F\u0445 (\u043A\u0438\u0442. \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434.: \u7D72\u7DA2\u4E4B\u8DEF; \u043F\u0456\u043D\u044C\u0457\u043D\u044C: S\u012Bch\u00F3u zh\u012B l\u00F9; \u043C\u043E\u043D\u0433. T\u00F4rgan Jam) \u2014 \u0446\u0435 \u043D\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043E\u043C\u0456\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0442\u043E\u0440\u0433\u043E\u0432\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u043C\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043E\u0436\u0438\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0456, \u0449\u043E \u0432\u0438\u043D\u0438\u043A\u043D\u0443\u0432 \u0443 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0456 \u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0456\u0447\u0447\u044F \u0434\u043E \u043D\u0430\u0448\u043E\u0457 \u0435\u0440\u0438. \u041D\u0438\u043C \u0442\u043E\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438 \u0437 \u041A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u044E \u043F\u043E\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043F\u043B\u044F\u043B\u0438 \u0434\u043E \u0421\u0445\u0456\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0442\u0430 \u0417\u0430\u0445\u0456\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0404\u0432\u0440\u043E\u043F\u0438, \u0411\u043B\u0438\u0437\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0421\u0445\u043E\u0434\u0443, \u041F\u0456\u0432\u043D\u0456\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0410\u0444\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0438."@uk . "\u0394\u03C1\u03CC\u03BC\u03BF\u03C2 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u039C\u03B5\u03C4\u03B1\u03BE\u03B9\u03BF\u03CD"@el . . . . . "Bealach (beala\u00ED, le f\u00EDrinne) \u00E1rsa tr\u00E1d\u00E1la \u00F3 oirthear na S\u00EDne go l\u00E1r na h\u00C1ise is an Eoraip. \u00D3n 2\u00FA c\u00E9ad AD chuaigh an bealach is fearr eolas air \u00F3 chathair Xi'an thar cheann iartharach an Bhalla Mh\u00F3ir, ag trasn\u00FA soir gaineamhlach iarthar na S\u00EDne roimh dhul tr\u00ED cathair Kashi is thar teorainn (an lae inniu) isteach sa Chirgeast\u00E1in agus tr\u00EDd an T\u00E1ids\u00EDceast\u00E1in, an \u00DAisb\u00E9iceast\u00E1in, an Afganast\u00E1in, an Tuircm\u00E9anast\u00E1in, an Iar\u00E1in (ainmneacha n\u00E1rbh ann d\u00F3ibh ag an am, ar nd\u00F3igh) is tr\u00ED chathair Hamad\u0101n i dtreo Bhagdad, as sin chuig c\u00F3sta thoir na Me\u00E1nmhara, n\u00F3 Iostanb\u00FAl i mblianta d\u00E9anacha an Bh\u00F3thair. Mar mhalairt ar sh\u00EDoda fuair an tS\u00EDn f\u00EDonchaora, cad\u00E1s, cast\u00E1in inite, alfalfa is pomagrain\u00EDt\u00ED. Scaip teicneola\u00EDochta\u00ED na S\u00EDneach i bp\u00F3r\u00FA leamhan s\u00EDoda, bruithni\u00FA iarainn, d\u00E9anamh p\u00E1ip\u00E9ir is uisci\u00FA soir don Eoraip ar feadh an Bh\u00F3thair. Thug an B\u00F3thar an B\u00FAdachas don tS\u00EDn. Bh\u00ED tionchar suntasach ag tr\u00E1d\u00E1il an ts\u00EDoda ar gheilleagar impireacht na R\u00F3imhe, mar dh\u00E9anta\u00ED \u00EDoca\u00EDocht le miotail luachmhara. Meastar go raibh c\u00FAlchiste \u00F3ir na S\u00EDne n\u00EDos m\u00F3 faoi 10 AD n\u00E1 Eoraip na Me\u00E1naoise. Is d\u00F3cha gur chuir B\u00F3thar an tS\u00EDoda le titim na R\u00F3imhe."@ga . . "\u0637\u0631\u064A\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0631\u064A\u0631 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064A\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0642\u0644\u064A\u062F\u064A\u0629: \u7D72\u7DA2\u4E4B\u8DEF\u060C \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064A\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0633\u0637\u0629: \u4E1D\u7EF8\u4E4B\u8DEF) \u0647\u064A \u0645\u062C\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062A \u062A\u0633\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0646 \u0648\u062A\u0645\u0631\u0651 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062C\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0622\u0633\u064A\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629\u064B \u062A\u0634\u0622\u0646 (\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062A \u062A\u0639\u0631\u0641 ) \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064A\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0643\u064A\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u062A\u0631\u0643\u064A\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u062E\u0631\u0649. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062A\u0623\u062B\u064A\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u064A\u0645\u062A\u062F \u062D\u062A\u0649 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064A\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646. \u0623\u062E\u0630 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062D \u0637\u0631\u064A\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0631\u064A\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0629 (\u0632\u0627\u064A\u062F\u0646\u0634\u062A\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0647 Seidenstra\u00DFe)\u060C \u062D\u064A\u062B \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064A\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u063A\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064A \u0641\u0631\u062F\u064A\u0646\u0627\u0646\u062F \u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u064A\u062A\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0641\u0646 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631."@ar . . . . . . . "A Rota da Seda (em chin\u00EAs tradicional: \u7D72\u7DA2\u4E4B\u8DEF, chin\u00EAs simplificado: \u4E1D\u7EF8\u4E4B\u8DEF, pinyin: s\u012B ch\u00F3u zh\u012B l\u00F9; em persa: \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0628\u0631\u06CC\u0634\u0645; romaniz.: R\u00E2h-e Abrisham; em turco: \u0130pekyolu; em quirguiz: Jibek Jolu era uma s\u00E9rie de rotas interligadas atrav\u00E9s da \u00C1sia meridional e central, usadas no com\u00E9rcio da seda e outras mercadorias entre o Oriente e a Europa e M\u00E9dio Oriente. Os carregamentos eram transportados por caravanas e embarca\u00E7\u00F5es oce\u00E2nicas que ligavam comercialmente o Extremo Oriente e a Europa. Provavelmente esses percursos foram estabelecidos a partir da \u00C1sia e foram fundamentais para as trocas entre estes continentes at\u00E9 \u00E0 descoberta do caminho mar\u00EDtimo para a \u00CDndia. A rota da seda conectava Chang'an (atual Xi'an), na China at\u00E9 Antioquia, na \u00C1sia Menor. Sua influ\u00EAncia expandiu-se at\u00E9 \u00E0 Coreia e o Jap\u00E3o"@pt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Hedv\u00E1bn\u00E1 stezka \u010Di Hedv\u00E1bn\u00E1 cesta (\u010D\u00EDnsky v \u010Desk\u00E9m p\u0159episu S'-\u010Dchou-\u010D'-lu, pchin-jinem S\u012Bch\u00F3u zh\u012B L\u00F9, znaky \u4E1D\u7EF8\u4E4B\u8DEF, anglicky Silk Road, n\u011Bmecky Seidenstra\u00DFe) je starov\u011Bk\u00E1 a st\u0159edov\u011Bk\u00E1 trasa vedouc\u00ED z v\u00FDchodn\u00ED Asie p\u0159es st\u0159edn\u00ED Asii do St\u0159edomo\u0159\u00ED. Ve sv\u00E9 hlavn\u00ED v\u011Btvi spojuj\u00EDc\u00ED \u010D\u00EDnsk\u00E9 m\u011Bsto \u010Cchang-an (Si-an) s Malou Asi\u00ED a St\u0159edozemn\u00EDm mo\u0159em. Jej\u00ED celkov\u00E1 d\u00E9lka po sou\u0161i a po mo\u0159i \u010Din\u00ED asi 8 000 km. Obchod po hedv\u00E1bn\u00E9 stezce byl d\u016Fle\u017Eit\u00FDm faktorem p\u0159i rozvoji velk\u00FDch starov\u011Bk\u00FDch civilizac\u00ED v \u010C\u00EDn\u011B, Mezopot\u00E1mii, Persii, Indii a \u0158\u00EDmsk\u00E9 \u0159\u00ED\u0161i a pomohl polo\u017Eit z\u00E1klady modern\u00EDho sv\u011Bta. Prvn\u00EDm, kdo pou\u017Eil n\u00E1zev Hedv\u00E1bn\u00E1 stezka byl n\u011Bmeck\u00FD zem\u011Bpisec baron Ferdinand von Richthofen roku 1877. V roce 2014 byla na seznam sv\u011Btov\u00E9ho kulturn\u00EDho d\u011Bdictv\u00ED UNESCO za\u0159azena polo\u017Eka \u201EHedv\u00E1bn\u00E1 stezka: s\u00ED\u0165 cest v koridoru \u010Cchang-an \u2013 \u0164an-\u0161an\u201C, kter\u00E1 zahrnuje \u0159adu lokalit, budov, archeologick\u00FDch nalezi\u0161\u0165 na \u00FAzem\u00ED centr\u00E1ln\u00ED a z\u00E1padn\u00ED \u010C\u00EDny, Kazachst\u00E1nu a Kyrgyzst\u00E1nu."@cs . . . . "Bealach (beala\u00ED, le f\u00EDrinne) \u00E1rsa tr\u00E1d\u00E1la \u00F3 oirthear na S\u00EDne go l\u00E1r na h\u00C1ise is an Eoraip. \u00D3n 2\u00FA c\u00E9ad AD chuaigh an bealach is fearr eolas air \u00F3 chathair Xi'an thar cheann iartharach an Bhalla Mh\u00F3ir, ag trasn\u00FA soir gaineamhlach iarthar na S\u00EDne roimh dhul tr\u00ED cathair Kashi is thar teorainn (an lae inniu) isteach sa Chirgeast\u00E1in agus tr\u00EDd an T\u00E1ids\u00EDceast\u00E1in, an \u00DAisb\u00E9iceast\u00E1in, an Afganast\u00E1in, an Tuircm\u00E9anast\u00E1in, an Iar\u00E1in (ainmneacha n\u00E1rbh ann d\u00F3ibh ag an am, ar nd\u00F3igh) is tr\u00ED chathair Hamad\u0101n i dtreo Bhagdad, as sin chuig c\u00F3sta thoir na Me\u00E1nmhara, n\u00F3 Iostanb\u00FAl i mblianta d\u00E9anacha an Bh\u00F3thair. Mar mhalairt ar sh\u00EDoda fuair an tS\u00EDn f\u00EDonchaora, cad\u00E1s, cast\u00E1in inite, alfalfa is pomagrain\u00EDt\u00ED. Scaip teicneola\u00EDochta\u00ED na S\u00EDneach i bp\u00F3r\u00FA leamhan s\u00EDoda, bruithni\u00FA iarainn, d\u00E9anamh p\u00E1ip\u00E9ir is uisci\u00FA soir"@ga . . . . "Silka Vojo"@eo . . . . . . . . . "\u0412\u0435\u043B\u0438\u0301\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0448\u043E\u0432\u043A\u043E\u0301\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u0448\u043B\u044F\u0445 (\u043A\u0438\u0442. \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434.: \u7D72\u7DA2\u4E4B\u8DEF; \u043F\u0456\u043D\u044C\u0457\u043D\u044C: S\u012Bch\u00F3u zh\u012B l\u00F9; \u043C\u043E\u043D\u0433. T\u00F4rgan Jam) \u2014 \u0446\u0435 \u043D\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043E\u043C\u0456\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0442\u043E\u0440\u0433\u043E\u0432\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u043C\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043E\u0436\u0438\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0456, \u0449\u043E \u0432\u0438\u043D\u0438\u043A\u043D\u0443\u0432 \u0443 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0456 \u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0456\u0447\u0447\u044F \u0434\u043E \u043D\u0430\u0448\u043E\u0457 \u0435\u0440\u0438. \u041D\u0438\u043C \u0442\u043E\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438 \u0437 \u041A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u044E \u043F\u043E\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043F\u043B\u044F\u043B\u0438 \u0434\u043E \u0421\u0445\u0456\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0442\u0430 \u0417\u0430\u0445\u0456\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0404\u0432\u0440\u043E\u043F\u0438, \u0411\u043B\u0438\u0437\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0421\u0445\u043E\u0434\u0443, \u041F\u0456\u0432\u043D\u0456\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0410\u0444\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0438."@uk . . . . . . . . . . . . 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"horizontal"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Ruta de la seda"@ca . . . . . . . "Rota da Seda"@pt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Jedwabny Szlak, jedwabny szlak \u2013 dawna droga handlowa \u0142\u0105cz\u0105ca Chiny z Bliskim Wschodem i Europ\u0105. Szlak mia\u0142 d\u0142ugo\u015B\u0107 ok. 12 tys. km i by\u0142 wykorzystywany od III wieku p.n.e. do XVII wieku n.e., kiedy to przesta\u0142 mie\u0107 znaczenie na skutek odkrycia (ok. 1650 r.). Znaczenie szlaku zmala\u0142o w VI wieku n.e., ze wzgl\u0119du na nap\u0142yw lud\u00F3w tureckich do Azji \u015Arodkowej."@pl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "54253"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . "The Silk Road (Chinese: \u7D72\u7DA2\u4E4B\u8DEF) was a network of Eurasian trade routes active from the second century BCE until the mid-15th century. Spanning over 6,400 kilometers (4,000 miles), it played a central role in facilitating economic, cultural, political, and religious interactions between the East and West. The name \"Silk Road\", first coined in the late 19th century, has fallen into disuse among some modern historians in favor of Silk Routes, on the grounds that it more accurately describes the intricate web of land and sea routes connecting East and Southeast Asia, the Indian subcontinent, Central Asia, the Middle East, East Africa and Europe. The Silk Road derives its name from the highly lucrative trade of silk textiles that were produced almost exclusively in China. The network began with the Han dynasty's expansion into Central Asia around 114 BCE, which largely pacified the once untamed region. Imperial envoy Zhang Qian was commissioned to explore the unknown lands beyond the region in search of potential trading partners and allies. The information and goods gathered by these expeditions piqued Chinese interest and prompted formal diplomatic and commercial dispatches, as well as efforts to protect the routes with soldiers and an extension of the Great Wall. The expansion of the Parthian Empire, which stretched from eastern Anatolia to Afghanistan, provided a bridge to East Africa and the Mediterranean, particularly the nascent Roman Empire. By the early first century CE, Chinese silk was widely sought-after in Rome, Egypt, and Greece. Other lucrative commodities from the East included tea, dyes, perfumes, and porcelain; among Western exports were horses, camels, honey, wine, and gold. Aside from generating substantial wealth for emerging mercantile classes, the proliferation of goods such as paper and gunpowder greatly altered the trajectory of various realms, if not world history. During its roughly 1,500 years of existence, the Silk Road endured the rise and fall of numerous empires and major calamities such as the Black Death and the Mongol conquests; after almost every disruption, the network reemerged stronger than before, most notably under the Mongol Empire and its offshoot the Yuan Dynasty. As a highly decentralized network, security was sparse. Travelers faced constant threats of banditry and nomadic raiders, and long expanses of inhospitable terrain. Few individuals crossed the entirety of the Silk Road, instead relying on a succession of middlemen based at various stopping points along the way. The Silk Road trade played a significant role in opening political and economic relations between China, Korea, Japan, India, Iran, Europe, the Horn of Africa and Arabia. In addition to goods, the network facilitated an unprecedented exchange of ideas, religions (especially Buddhism), philosophies, and scientific discoveries, many of which were syncretised or reshaped by the societies that encountered them. Likewise, a wide variety of people used the routes, including migrants, refugees, missionaries, artisans, diplomats, and soldiers. Diseases such as plague also spread along the Silk Road, possibly contributing to the Black Death. Despite repeatedly surviving many geopolitical changes and disruptions, the Silk Road abruptly ended with the rise of the Ottoman Empire in 1453, which almost immediately severed trade between East and West. This prompted European efforts to seek alternative routes to Eastern riches, thereby ushering the Age of Discovery, European colonialism, and a more intensified process of globalization, which had arguably begun with the Silk Road. The network's influence survives into the 21st century. One of the world's best known historical figures, Marco Polo, was a Medieval Venetian merchant who was among the earliest Westerners to visit and describe the East. The name \"New Silk Road\" is used to describe several large infrastructure projects seeking to expand transportation through many of the historic trade routes; among the best known include the Eurasian Land Bridge and the Chinese Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). In June 2014, UNESCO designated the Chang'an-Tianshan corridor of the Silk Road as a World Heritage Site, while the Indian portion remains on the tentative site list."@en . "Per via della seta (in cinese: \u7D72\u7DA2\u4E4B\u8DEFT, \u4E1D\u7EF8\u4E4B\u8DEFS, s\u012B ch\u00F3u zh\u012B l\u00F9P; in persiano \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0628\u0631\u06CC\u0634\u0645\u200E, \"R\u00E2h-e Abrisham\") s'intende il reticolo, che si sviluppava per circa 8 000 km, costituito da itinerari terrestri, marittimi e fluviali lungo i quali nell'antichit\u00E0 si erano snodati i commerci tra l'impero cinese e quello romano."@it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Silk from Mawangdui 2.jpg"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Jalur Sutra"@in . . . . . . . . . . . "Via della seta"@it . . . . "right"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "1124261723"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "( \uC774 \uBB38\uC11C\uB294 \uB545\uACFC \uBC14\uB2E4 \uB4F1\uC744 \uD1B5\uD55C \uADFC\uB300 \uC774\uC804\uC758 \uB3D9\uC11C \uAD50\uC5ED\uB85C\uC5D0 \uAD00\uD55C \uAC83\uC785\uB2C8\uB2E4. \uC2E4\uD06C\uB85C\uB4DC\uC5D0 \uAD00\uD55C \uB3D9\uC74C\uC774\uC758\uC5B4\uC5D0 \uB300\uD574\uC11C\uB294 \uC2E4\uD06C\uB85C\uB4DC (\uB3D9\uC74C\uC774\uC758) \uBB38\uC11C\uB97C, \uBE44\uB2E8\uAE38\uC5D0 \uAD00\uD55C \uB3D9\uC74C\uC774\uC758\uC5B4\uC5D0 \uB300\uD574\uC11C\uB294 \uBE44\uB2E8\uAE38 (\uB3D9\uC74C\uC774\uC758) \uBB38\uC11C\uB97C \uCC38\uACE0\uD558\uC2ED\uC2DC\uC624.) \uBE44\uB2E8\uAE38(\u7DCB\u7DDE\u8DEF, \uBE44\uB2E8\uB85C) \uB610\uB294 \uC2E4\uD06C\uB85C\uB4DC(Silk Road)\uB294 \uB545 \uD639\uC740 \uBC14\uB2E4 \uB4F1\uC744 \uD1B5\uD55C \uADFC\uB300 \uC774\uC804\uC758 \uB3D9\uC11C \uAD50\uC5ED\uB85C\uB97C \uAC00\uB9AC\uD0A4\uB294 \uB9D0\uC774\uB2E4. \uD558\uC9C0\uB9CC \uC5EC\uAE30\uC5D0\uC11C \uB3D9(\u6771), \uC11C(\u897F)\uB77C \uD568\uC740 \uB3D9\uC591\uACFC \uC11C\uC591\uC744 \uB73B\uD558\uB294 \uACBD\uC6B0\uAC00 \uB9CE\uB2E4. \uC774\uB294 \uBE44\uB2E8\uAE38\uC774\uB77C\uB294 \uC5B8\uC5B4\uC758 \uAE30\uC6D0 \uC790\uCCB4\uAC00 \uC911\uAD6D\uC758 \uBE44\uB2E8\uC774 \uB85C\uB9C8 \uC81C\uAD6D\uC73C\uB85C \uD758\uB7EC\uAC00\uB294 \uAC83\uC744 \uC758\uBBF8\uD588\uAE30 \uB54C\uBB38\uC774\uB2E4. \uBE44\uB2E8\uAE38\uC758 \uC11C\uCABD \uB05D\uC740 \uCF58\uC2A4\uD0C4\uD2F0\uB178\uD3F4\uB9AC\uC2A4(\uB610\uB294 \uADF8 \uB108\uBA38\uC758 \uB85C\uB9C8)\uC774\uACE0, \uB3D9\uCABD \uB05D\uC740 \uC7A5\uC548(\uB610\uB294 \uBCA0\uC774\uC9D5)\uC774\uB2E4. \uBE44\uB2E8\uAE38\uC740 \uC911\uAD6D\uC5D0\uC11C \uC911\uC559\uC544\uC2DC\uC544\uC640 \uC778\uB3C4\uB97C \uAC70\uCCD0 \uC720\uB7FD\uC73C\uB85C \uC774\uC5B4\uC9C0\uB294 \uBB34\uC5ED\uB85C\uB85C, \uD280\uB974\uD06C \uBBFC\uC871 \uB4F1 \uBD81\uBC29 \uAE30\uB9C8\uBBFC\uC871\uB4E4\uC774 \uAC1C\uCC99\uD558\uACE0 \uACBD\uC601\uD55C \uAE38\uC774\uB2E4. \uBE44\uB2E8\uAE38 \uAC1C\uCC99\uC73C\uB85C \uC7A5\uAC74\uC5D0 \uB300\uD574 \uC774\uC57C\uAE30\uD558\uB294 \uACBD\uC6B0\uAC00 \uC788\uC73C\uB098 \uC774\uB294 \uC798\uBABB\uB41C \uAC83\uC774\uB2E4. \uBD81\uBC29 \uAE30\uB9C8\uBBFC\uC871\uB4E4\uC740 \uC774 \uAE38\uC744 \uC774\uC6A9\uD574 \uB54C\uB54C\uB85C \uC911\uAD6D\uC744 \uC815\uBCF5\uD588\uACE0, \uC911\uAD6D\uC740 \uC2E4\uD06C\uB85C\uB4DC\uC758 \uC9C0\uBC30\uC790\uB4E4\uC5D0\uAC8C \uB9CE\uC740 \uACF5\uBB3C\uC744 \uBC14\uCE58\uAE30\uB3C4 \uD588\uB2E4. \uC2DC\uAC04\uC774 \uD750\uB974\uBA74\uC11C \uBE44\uB2E8\uAE38\uC740 \uB354 \uB2E4\uC591\uD55C \uAD50\uC5ED\uD488\uC744 \uC804\uB2EC\uD558\uB294 \uD1B5\uB85C\uB85C \uD655\uB300\uB410\uACE0, \uB354 \uB098\uC544\uAC00 \uBB38\uD654\uAC00 \uC720\uD1B5\uB418\uB294 \uD1B5\uB85C\uB85C \uAE30\uB2A5\uD588\uB2E4. \uC774\uB7EC\uD55C \uC774\uC720\uB85C \uD604\uB300 \uC5ED\uC0AC\uD559, , \uADF8\uB9AC\uACE0 \uC911\uC559\uC544\uC2DC\uC544\uC0AC\uC5D0\uC11C \uBE44\uB2E8\uAE38 \uC5F0\uAD6C\uAC00 \uAC00\uC9C0\uB294 \uC785\uC9C0\uB294 \uD06C\uB2E4. \uBE44\uB2E8\uAE38\uC740 \uB2E8\uC21C\uD788 \uB3D9\uC11C\uB97C \uC787\uB294 \uD6A1\uB2E8\uCD95\uC73C\uB85C \uC0DD\uAC01\uB418\uC5B4 \uC654\uC73C\uB098 \uCD5C\uADFC \uC5F0\uAD6C\uC5D0 \uB530\uB974\uBA74 \uB0A8\uBD81\uC758 \uC5EC\uB7EC \uD1B5\uB85C\uB97C \uD3EC\uD568\uD574 \uB3D9\uC11C\uB0A8\uBD81\uC73C\uB85C \uC0AC\uD1B5\uD314\uB2EC\uD55C \uD558\uB098\uC758 \uAC70\uB300\uD55C \uAD50\uD1B5\uB9DD\uC73C\uB85C \uBCF4\uC544\uC57C \uD55C\uB2E4. \uC774\uC5D0 \uB530\uB77C \uBE44\uB2E8\uAE38\uC758 \uAC1C\uB150 \uB610\uD55C \uD655\uB300\uB418\uC5B4 3\uB300 \uAC04\uC120\uACFC 5\uB300 \uC9C0\uC120\uC744 \uBE44\uB86F\uD574 \uC218\uB9CC \uAC08\uB798 \uAE38\uB85C \uAD6C\uC131\uB418\uC5B4 \uC788\uB294 \uBC94\uC138\uACC4\uC801\uC778 \uADF8\uBB3C \uBAA8\uC591\uC758 \uAD50\uD1B5\uB85C\uC774\uB2E4. \uC911\uAD6D\uACFC \uCE74\uC790\uD750\uC2A4\uD0C4, \uD0A4\uB974\uAE30\uC2A4\uC2A4\uD0C4\uC758 \uC138\uACC4\uC720\uC0B0\uC774\uAE30\uB3C4 \uD558\uB2E4."@ko . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Zetaren Bidea Asia eta Europa arteko merkataritza-bide sarea zen. Bidea antzinako Chang'an (gaur egungo Xi'an) Txinako hiriburutik Antakya edo Konstantinopolisera (gaur egungo Istanbul) zihoan. Bere izena eramaten zuen merkatugai nagusitik zetorkion: zeta. Hau Txinan baino ez zen ekoizten eta antzinako Erroman modan zegoen. Hala ere bide beratik beste merkatugai asko eramaten ziren: harri eta metal bitxiak, artile edo liho bezalako oihalak, anbarra, bolia, laka, ongailuak, beira, koralak eta abar. Izena von Richthofen baroiak 1870ean jarri zion: Seidenstrasse (euskaraz: \u00ABZetaren bidea\u00BB)"@eu . . "Seidenstra\u00DFe"@de . . . . . . . . "Sidenv\u00E4gen var under medeltiden ett n\u00E4tverk av handelsv\u00E4gar mellan Europa och Kina genom Centralasien. P\u00E5 karavanv\u00E4gar f\u00F6rdes redan fr\u00E5n andra \u00E5rhundradet f.Kr. siden fr\u00E5n Kina till l\u00E4nderna vid Medelhavet. Handelsv\u00E4gen \u00F6ppnade 119 f.Kr. efter att den kinesiska diplomaten Zhang Qian \u00E5terv\u00E4nt till Kina efter en l\u00E4ngre resa v\u00E4sterut (138 - 126 f.Kr.) som v\u00E4ckt ett intresse i Kina f\u00F6r V\u00E4sterlandet. Handelsrutten utgjordes av ett f\u00F6rgrenat n\u00E4tverk av v\u00E4gar fr\u00E5n Kinas huvudstad Chang'an, dagens Xi'an, i mitten av Nordkina v\u00E4sterut via Taklamakan\u00F6knens oasstater, Kashgar, Pamir, Samarkand och Bukhara till Merv (Mary) i dagens Turkmenistan och d\u00E4rifr\u00E5n vidare genom Persien mot Mesopotamien. D\u00E4r kunde man f\u00F6lja Eufrat upp till hamnst\u00E4derna i Mellan\u00F6stern. Hela resan tog ett par \u00E5r, men mycket f\u00E5 h"@sv . . "Hedv\u00E1bn\u00E1 stezka \u010Di Hedv\u00E1bn\u00E1 cesta (\u010D\u00EDnsky v \u010Desk\u00E9m p\u0159episu S'-\u010Dchou-\u010D'-lu, pchin-jinem S\u012Bch\u00F3u zh\u012B L\u00F9, znaky \u4E1D\u7EF8\u4E4B\u8DEF, anglicky Silk Road, n\u011Bmecky Seidenstra\u00DFe) je starov\u011Bk\u00E1 a st\u0159edov\u011Bk\u00E1 trasa vedouc\u00ED z v\u00FDchodn\u00ED Asie p\u0159es st\u0159edn\u00ED Asii do St\u0159edomo\u0159\u00ED. Ve sv\u00E9 hlavn\u00ED v\u011Btvi spojuj\u00EDc\u00ED \u010D\u00EDnsk\u00E9 m\u011Bsto \u010Cchang-an (Si-an) s Malou Asi\u00ED a St\u0159edozemn\u00EDm mo\u0159em. Jej\u00ED celkov\u00E1 d\u00E9lka po sou\u0161i a po mo\u0159i \u010Din\u00ED asi 8 000 km. Obchod po hedv\u00E1bn\u00E9 stezce byl d\u016Fle\u017Eit\u00FDm faktorem p\u0159i rozvoji velk\u00FDch starov\u011Bk\u00FDch civilizac\u00ED v \u010C\u00EDn\u011B, Mezopot\u00E1mii, Persii, Indii a \u0158\u00EDmsk\u00E9 \u0159\u00ED\u0161i a pomohl polo\u017Eit z\u00E1klady modern\u00EDho sv\u011Bta."@cs . . . . . . . . . . . "Hedv\u00E1bn\u00E1 stezka"@cs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Als Seidenstra\u00DFe (chinesisch \u7D72\u7DA2\u4E4B\u8DEF / \u4E1D\u7EF8\u4E4B\u8DEF, Pinyin S\u012Bch\u00F3u zh\u012B L\u00F9 \u2013 \u201Edie Route / Stra\u00DFe der Seide\u201C; mongolisch \u1832\u1823\u1837\u182D\u1820\u1828 \u1835\u1820\u182E T\u00F4rgan Jam; kurz: \u7D72\u8DEF / \u4E1D\u8DEF, S\u012Bl\u00F9, persisch: \u062C\u0627\u062F\u0647 \u0627\u0628\u0631\u06CC\u0634\u0645) bezeichnet man ein altes Netz von Karawanenstra\u00DFen, dessen Hauptroute den Mittelmeerraum auf dem Landweg \u00FCber Zentralasien mit Ostasien verband. Die Bezeichnung geht auf den deutschen Geografen Ferdinand von Richthofen zur\u00FCck, der den Begriff erstmals 1877 verwendete."@de . . . . . . . . "Jedwabny Szlak, jedwabny szlak \u2013 dawna droga handlowa \u0142\u0105cz\u0105ca Chiny z Bliskim Wschodem i Europ\u0105. Szlak mia\u0142 d\u0142ugo\u015B\u0107 ok. 12 tys. km i by\u0142 wykorzystywany od III wieku p.n.e. do XVII wieku n.e., kiedy to przesta\u0142 mie\u0107 znaczenie na skutek odkrycia (ok. 1650 r.). Znaczenie szlaku zmala\u0142o w VI wieku n.e., ze wzgl\u0119du na nap\u0142yw lud\u00F3w tureckich do Azji \u015Arodkowej."@pl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Zetaren Bidea"@eu . . . . . . . "La route de la soie est un r\u00E9seau ancien de routes commerciales entre l'Asie et l'Europe, reliant la ville de Chang'an (actuelle Xi'an) en Chine \u00E0 la ville d'Antioche, en Syrie m\u00E9di\u00E9vale (aujourd'hui en Turquie). Elle tire son nom de la plus pr\u00E9cieuse marchandise qui y transitait : la soie."@fr . . 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"Zijderoute"@nl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Historical"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "B\u00F3thar an tS\u00EDoda"@ga . "Jalur Sutra (Hanzi tradisional: \u7D72\u7DA2\u4E4B\u8DEF; Hanzi sederhana: \u4E1D\u7EF8\u4E4B\u8DEF; pinyin: s\u012B ch\u00F3u zh\u012B l\u00F9, bahasa Persia \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0628\u0631\u06CC\u0634\u0645 R\u00E2h-e Abrisham) adalah sebuah jalur perdagangan melalui Asia yang menghubungkan antara Timur dan Barat dengan dihubungkan oleh pedagang, pengelana, biarawan, prajurit, nomaden dengan menggunakan karavan dan kapal laut, dan menghubungkan Chang'an, Republik Rakyat Tiongkok, dengan Antiokhia, Suriah, dan juga tempat lainnya pada waktu yang bervariasi. Pengaruh jalur ini terbawa sampai ke Korea dan Jepang. Pertukaran ini sangat penting tak hanya untuk pengembangan kebudayaan Cina, India dan Roma namun juga merupakan dasar dari dunia modern. Istilah 'jalur sutra' pertama kali digunakan oleh geografer Jerman pada abad ke-19 karena komoditas perdagangan dari Cina yang banyak berupa sutra. Jalur Sutra benua membagi menjadi jalur utara dan selatan begitu dia meluas dari pusat perdagangan Cina Utara dan Cina Selatan, rute utara melewati Bulgar-Kipchak ke Eropa Timur dan Semenanjung Crimea, dan dari sana menuju ke Laut Hitam, Laut Marmara, dan Balkan ke Venezia; rute selatan melewati Turkestan-Khorasan menuju Mesopotamia dan Anatolia, dan kemudian ke Antiokia di Selatan Anatolia menuju ke Laut Tengah atau melalui Levant ke Mesir dan Afrika Utara. Hubungan jalan rel yang hilang dalam Jalur Sutra diselesaikan pada 1992, ketika jalan rel internasional Almaty - Urumqi dibuka. Orang orang lebih memilih untuk berjalan pada saat musim dingin karena faktor adanya air dan juga barang yang dijual di musim panas jauh lebih mahal daripada musim dingin. Di Jalur Sutra ini terdapat sebuah tempat peristirahatan berbentuk seperti benteng yang disebut karavanserai. Di dalamnya banyak terdapat toko, penginapan, dan yang paling banyak ialah tempat trade in hewan. Mereka menukar hewan mereka yang sudah digunakan selama perjalanan dengan hewan baru (yang lebih bertenaga). Orang yang meninggal di Jalur Sutra ini dilemparkan ke suatu tempat yang bernama pemakaman langit (alam terbuka), karena mereka mempercayai bahwa kehidupan manusia selalu berbuat baik hingga akhir hayatnya, oleh karena itu tubuh mereka dibiarkan di alam terbuka agar dapat dimakan oleh burung."@in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "A Rota da Seda (em chin\u00EAs tradicional: \u7D72\u7DA2\u4E4B\u8DEF, chin\u00EAs simplificado: \u4E1D\u7EF8\u4E4B\u8DEF, pinyin: s\u012B ch\u00F3u zh\u012B l\u00F9; em persa: \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0628\u0631\u06CC\u0634\u0645; romaniz.: R\u00E2h-e Abrisham; em turco: \u0130pekyolu; em quirguiz: Jibek Jolu era uma s\u00E9rie de rotas interligadas atrav\u00E9s da \u00C1sia meridional e central, usadas no com\u00E9rcio da seda e outras mercadorias entre o Oriente e a Europa e M\u00E9dio Oriente. Os carregamentos eram transportados por caravanas e embarca\u00E7\u00F5es oce\u00E2nicas que ligavam comercialmente o Extremo Oriente e a Europa. Provavelmente esses percursos foram estabelecidos a partir da \u00C1sia e foram fundamentais para as trocas entre estes continentes at\u00E9 \u00E0 descoberta do caminho mar\u00EDtimo para a \u00CDndia. A rota da seda conectava Chang'an (atual Xi'an), na China at\u00E9 Antioquia, na \u00C1sia Menor. Sua influ\u00EAncia expandiu-se at\u00E9 \u00E0 Coreia e o Jap\u00E3o. Formava a maior rede comercial da Antiguidade e Idade M\u00E9dia. Estas rotas n\u00E3o s\u00F3 foram significativas para o desenvolvimento e florescimento de grandes civiliza\u00E7\u00F5es, como o Egito Antigo, a Mesopot\u00E2mia, a China, a P\u00E9rsia, a \u00CDndia e at\u00E9 Roma, mas tamb\u00E9m ajudaram a fundamentar o in\u00EDcio do mundo moderno. Rota da seda \u00E9 uma tradu\u00E7\u00E3o do alem\u00E3o Seidenstra\u00DFe, a primeira denomina\u00E7\u00E3o do caminho feita pelo ge\u00F3grafo alem\u00E3o Ferdinand von Richthofen no s\u00E9culo XIX. Muitas caravanas j\u00E1 seguiam essa rota antiga desde 200 a.C. No passado remoto, os chineses aprenderam a fabricar seda a partir da fibra branca dos casulos dos bichos-da-seda. S\u00F3 os chineses sabiam como fabric\u00E1-la e mantinham esse segredo muito bem guardado. Quando eles fizeram contato com as cidades do Ocidente, encontraram pessoas dispostas a pagar muito caro pela seda. Os dois lados da rota aprenderam muito sobre culturas diferentes das suas, e isso expandiu suas ideias sobre o mundo. O viajante, mercador e comerciante veneziano Marco Polo percorreu a Rota da Seda no s\u00E9culo XIII. A rota da seda continental divide-se em rotas do norte e do sul, devido \u00E0 presen\u00E7a de centros comerciais no norte e no sul da China. A rota norte atravessa o Leste Europeu (os mercadores criaram algumas cidades na Bulg\u00E1ria), na pen\u00EDnsula da Crimeia, no mar Negro, no mar de M\u00E1rmara, chegando aos B\u00E1lc\u00E3s e por fim, a Veneza; a rota sul percorre o Turcomenist\u00E3o, a Mesopot\u00E2mia e a Anat\u00F3lia. Chegando a este ponto, divide-se em rotas que levam a Antioquia (na Anat\u00F3lia meridional, banhada pelo Mediterr\u00E2neo) ou ao Egito e ao Norte da \u00C1frica. A \u00FAltima estrada de ferro conectada \u00E0 rota da seda contempor\u00E2nea foi completada em 1992, quando a via Almaty- foi aberta. A rota da seda mar\u00EDtima estende-se da China meridional (atualmente Filipinas, Brunei, Si\u00E3o e Malaca) at\u00E9 destinos como o Ceil\u00E3o, \u00CDndia, P\u00E9rsia, Egito, It\u00E1lia, Portugal e mesmo \u00E0 Su\u00E9cia. Em 7 de agosto de 2005, foi confirmado que o Departamento do Patrim\u00F4nio Hist\u00F3rico de Honcongue pretende propor a Rota da Seda Mar\u00EDtima como Patrim\u00F4nio da Humanidade."@pt . . . "Jedwabny Szlak"@pl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0412\u0435\u043B\u0438\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0448\u0451\u043B\u043A\u043E\u0432\u044B\u0439 \u043F\u0443\u0442\u044C"@ru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Sidenv\u00E4gen"@sv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "137914"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "left"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .