. "\u0422\u0435\u043E\u0440\u0438\u044F \u0441\u0430\u043C\u043E\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0438\u043D\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. self-determination theory; SDT) \u2014 \u043F\u0441\u0438\u0445\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u043F\u043E\u0434\u0445\u043E\u0434 \u043A \u043F\u043E\u043D\u0438\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044E \u0447\u0435\u043B\u043E\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u043C\u043E\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u043B\u0438\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u043F\u0441\u0438\u0445\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0431\u043B\u0430\u0433\u043E\u043F\u043E\u043B\u0443\u0447\u0438\u044F, \u0432 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043C\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044E\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043F\u043E\u0434\u0440\u043E\u0431\u043D\u043E \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0431\u043B\u0435\u043C\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0443 \u0432\u043D\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043D\u043D\u0435\u0439 \u0438 \u0432\u043D\u0435\u0448\u043D\u0435\u0439 \u043C\u043E\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438. \u0410\u0432\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u044F\u0432\u043B\u044F\u044E\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0430\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u043F\u0441\u0438\u0445\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u0420\u043E\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0443\u043D\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u2014 \u0438 . \u041E\u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043B\u044F\u044E\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0438\u043D \u0441\u0430\u043C\u043E\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0438\u043D\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043A\u0430\u043A \u0441\u043F\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0431\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0438\u043D\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430 \u043A \u043E\u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044E \u0438 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044E \u0432\u044B\u0431\u043E\u0440\u0430. \u041E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0438 \u043F\u043E\u0434\u0445\u043E\u0434\u0430:"@ru . "Teor\u00EDa de la autodeterminaci\u00F3n"@es . "Die Selbstbestimmungstheorie (engl. Self-Determination Theory, SDT) ist eine sowohl prozess- als auch inhaltsorientierte Motivationstheorie. Sie wurde von Richard M. Ryan und Edward L. Deci an der Universit\u00E4t von Rochester, USA, entwickelt. Nach dieser Theorie h\u00E4ngt die Motivation f\u00FCr ein bestimmtes Verhalten immer davon ab, inwieweit die drei psychologischen Grundbed\u00FCrfnisse nach Kompetenz, sozialer Eingebundenheit und Autonomie befriedigt werden k\u00F6nnen. Dabei wird die Motivation als eine Gr\u00F6\u00DFe aufgefasst, die nicht nur quantitativ das Interesse an der Aus\u00FCbung des betreffenden Verhaltens beschreibt, sondern die auch jeweils qualitativ unterschiedliche Auspr\u00E4gungen besitzt. Diese \u00E4u\u00DFern sich in dem zugeh\u00F6rigen Ausma\u00DF an Kreativit\u00E4t, Probleml\u00F6severhalten und Durchhalteverm\u00F6gen sowie dem da"@de . "La teor\u00EDa de la autodeterminaci\u00F3n (SDT) es una macro teor\u00EDa de la motivaci\u00F3n humana y la personalidad que trata de las preocupaciones inherentes al crecimiento y las tendencias innatas y necesidades psicol\u00F3gicas de las personas. Se refiere a la motivaci\u00F3n que hay detr\u00E1s de las decisiones de las personas, sin influencia externa e interferencia. Esta teor\u00EDa se centra en el grado en que el comportamiento del individuo es automotivado y autodeterminado.\u200B\u200B\u200B"@es . . . . "Sj\u00E4lvbest\u00E4mmandeteorin"@sv . . . . . . . . "La teor\u00EDa de la autodeterminaci\u00F3n (SDT) es una macro teor\u00EDa de la motivaci\u00F3n humana y la personalidad que trata de las preocupaciones inherentes al crecimiento y las tendencias innatas y necesidades psicol\u00F3gicas de las personas. Se refiere a la motivaci\u00F3n que hay detr\u00E1s de las decisiones de las personas, sin influencia externa e interferencia. Esta teor\u00EDa se centra en el grado en que el comportamiento del individuo es automotivado y autodeterminado.\u200B\u200B\u200B"@es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Selbstbestimmungstheorie"@de . "2679667"^^ . . . . "Th\u00E9orie de l'autod\u00E9termination"@fr . "De zelfbeschikkingstheorie of zelfdeterminatietheorie (ZDT) is een door en ontwikkelde macrotheorie over de menselijke motivatie. De kern van de theorie wordt gevormd door de stelling dat er drie natuurlijke basisbehoeften zijn die, indien deze bevredigd worden, een optimale functionering, welbevinden en groei van een persoon toestaan. Behoeftenbevrediging en behoeftenfrustratie zijn twee mogelijke uitkomsten volgens de zelfdeterminatietheorie. De mate waarin een behoefte wordt bevredigd is een voorspeller voor adaptief functioneren. Hier tegenoverstaande is de frustratie van een basisbehoefte een voorspeller voor maladaptief functioneren. Ook de intrinsieke motivatie van een persoon om doelen te bereiken hangt mede van de bevrediging van deze behoeften af. Een belangrijke stelling van de theorie is dat vormen van controle op het gedrag van anderen zorgt voor een afname van hun intrinsieke motivatie, omdat deze controle de bevrediging van de basisbehoeften frustreert."@nl . "\uC790\uAE30\uACB0\uC815\uC131 \uC774\uB860(\u81EA\u8D77\u6C7A\u5B9A\u6027\u7406\u8AD6, Self-determination theory, SDT)\uC740 (Edward Deci, 1942\uB144~)\uC640 (Richard Ryan, 1953\uB144~)\uC774 1975\uB144 \uAC1C\uC778\uB4E4\uC774 \uC5B4\uB5A4 \uD65C\uB3D9\uC744 \uB0B4\uC7AC\uC801\uC778 \uC774\uC720\uC640 \uC678\uC7AC\uC801\uC778 \uC774\uC720\uC5D0 \uC758\uD574 \uCC38\uC5EC\uD558\uAC8C \uB418\uC5C8\uC744 \uB54C \uBC1C\uC0DD\uD558\uB294 \uACB0\uACFC\uB294 \uC804\uD600 \uB2E4\uB978 \uACB0\uACFC\uAC00 \uB098\uD0C0\uB0A8\uC744 \uBC14\uD0D5\uC73C\uB85C \uC218\uB9BD\uD55C \uC774\uB860\uC744 \uC77C\uCEEB\uB294\uB2E4."@ko . . . . . . . . "Teoria de l'autodeterminaci\u00F3"@ca . . "Sj\u00E4lvbest\u00E4mmandeteorin, SBT, (eng. Self-determination theory, SDT) \u00E4r en psykologisk makroteori inom motivationspsykologin som ber\u00F6r m\u00E4nniskors utvecklingsstadier och medf\u00F6dda psykologiska behov. Den handlar om de motiv som styr m\u00E4nniskors val, utan yttre p\u00E5verkan och st\u00F6rningar. SBT fokuserar p\u00E5 i vilken grad en individs beteende \u00E4r sj\u00E4lvmotiverat och sj\u00E4lvbest\u00E4mt."@sv . . . . . "\u0422\u0435\u043E\u0440\u0438\u044F \u0441\u0430\u043C\u043E\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0438\u043D\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. self-determination theory; SDT) \u2014 \u043F\u0441\u0438\u0445\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u043F\u043E\u0434\u0445\u043E\u0434 \u043A \u043F\u043E\u043D\u0438\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044E \u0447\u0435\u043B\u043E\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u043C\u043E\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u043B\u0438\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u043F\u0441\u0438\u0445\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0431\u043B\u0430\u0433\u043E\u043F\u043E\u043B\u0443\u0447\u0438\u044F, \u0432 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043C\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044E\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043F\u043E\u0434\u0440\u043E\u0431\u043D\u043E \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0431\u043B\u0435\u043C\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0443 \u0432\u043D\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043D\u043D\u0435\u0439 \u0438 \u0432\u043D\u0435\u0448\u043D\u0435\u0439 \u043C\u043E\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438. \u0410\u0432\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u044F\u0432\u043B\u044F\u044E\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0430\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u043F\u0441\u0438\u0445\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u0420\u043E\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0443\u043D\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u2014 \u0438 . \u041E\u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043B\u044F\u044E\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0438\u043D \u0441\u0430\u043C\u043E\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0438\u043D\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043A\u0430\u043A \u0441\u043F\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0431\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0438\u043D\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430 \u043A \u043E\u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044E \u0438 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044E \u0432\u044B\u0431\u043E\u0440\u0430. \u041E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0438 \u043F\u043E\u0434\u0445\u043E\u0434\u0430: 1. \n* \u0432 \u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0435 \u0432\u043D\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043D\u043D\u0435\u0439 \u043C\u043E\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043B\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0442 \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u043E\u0432\u044B\u0435 \u043F\u043E\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u044B\u0435 \u043E\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044E\u0442 \u0435\u0451 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u0444\u0443\u043D\u043A\u0446\u0438\u043E\u043D\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043A\u0436\u0435 \u0441\u043F\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044E\u0442 \u043F\u0441\u0438\u0445\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u0431\u043B\u0430\u0433\u043E\u043F\u043E\u043B\u0443\u0447\u0438\u044E \u043B\u0438\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438; 2. \n* \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043D\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u043B\u044C\u043A\u043E \u0442\u0438\u043F\u043E\u0432 \u0432\u043D\u0435\u0448\u043D\u0435\u0439 \u043C\u043E\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0443\u043B\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044E\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043F\u043E\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043D\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430, \u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u044B\u0435 \u043A\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E \u043E\u0442\u043B\u0438\u0447\u0430\u044E\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433 \u043E\u0442 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0430; 3. \n* \u043F\u043E\u0434\u0447\u0451\u0440\u043A\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0437\u043D\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043C\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0441\u043E\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043A\u043E\u043D\u0442\u0435\u043A\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u044D\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043D\u043E\u043C \u0444\u0443\u043D\u043A\u0446\u0438\u043E\u043D\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u043D\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043A\u0436\u0435 \u0432 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u044F\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C \u043C\u043E\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438."@ru . "Die Selbstbestimmungstheorie (engl. Self-Determination Theory, SDT) ist eine sowohl prozess- als auch inhaltsorientierte Motivationstheorie. Sie wurde von Richard M. Ryan und Edward L. Deci an der Universit\u00E4t von Rochester, USA, entwickelt. Nach dieser Theorie h\u00E4ngt die Motivation f\u00FCr ein bestimmtes Verhalten immer davon ab, inwieweit die drei psychologischen Grundbed\u00FCrfnisse nach Kompetenz, sozialer Eingebundenheit und Autonomie befriedigt werden k\u00F6nnen. Dabei wird die Motivation als eine Gr\u00F6\u00DFe aufgefasst, die nicht nur quantitativ das Interesse an der Aus\u00FCbung des betreffenden Verhaltens beschreibt, sondern die auch jeweils qualitativ unterschiedliche Auspr\u00E4gungen besitzt. Diese \u00E4u\u00DFern sich in dem zugeh\u00F6rigen Ausma\u00DF an Kreativit\u00E4t, Probleml\u00F6severhalten und Durchhalteverm\u00F6gen sowie dem damit einhergehenden Wohlbefinden. Frustration als Versagung der Befriedigung der psychologischen Grundbed\u00FCrfnisse f\u00FChrt dabei je nach ihrer Art und Dauer zu unterschiedlichen Einschr\u00E4nkungen der Motivation f\u00FCr das betreffende Verhalten. Die Folgen reichen dabei von einfacher Verhaltens\u00E4nderung \u00FCber die Entwicklung von Ersatzbed\u00FCrfnissen bis hin zu selbstzerst\u00F6rerischen Handlungen oder v\u00F6lliger Antriebslosigkeit. Damit verbunden sind aber stets Einbu\u00DFen an Verhaltensqualit\u00E4t, Wohlbefinden und Gesundheit. Die Bedeutung der psychologischen Grundbed\u00FCrfnisse f\u00FCr die Herausbildung l\u00E4ngerfristiger Verhaltensweisen hat insbesondere auch Konsequenzen f\u00FCr die Gestaltung optimaler Lernumgebungen. F\u00F6rderlich sind hier die Angabe nachvollziehbarer Begr\u00FCndungen f\u00FCr die Lerninhalte, die Erm\u00F6glichung von Eigeninitiative, der Verzicht auf Leistungsvergleiche, auf normative Zielvorgaben oder auf ergebnisabh\u00E4ngige Belohnungen sowie die Vermeidung von \u00DCber- und Unterforderung."@de . . . . "Teoria da autodetermina\u00E7\u00E3o"@pt . "Teoria da autodetermina\u00E7\u00E3o (TDA) \u00E9 uma teoria que sustenta a ideia que as pessoas al\u00E9m de serem guiadas por suas necessidades de autonomia e, logo determinarem o pr\u00F3prio comportamento, tamb\u00E9m buscam maneiras de adquirir compet\u00EAncias e relacionamentos positivos nas rela\u00E7\u00F5es sociais. Ou seja, a teoria da autodetermina\u00E7\u00E3o \u201Cfaz uma importante distin\u00E7\u00E3o entre duas diferentes quest\u00F5es motivacionais: porqu\u00EA versus para que. Qual o objetivo de sua atividade e por que voc\u00EA quer realizar esse objetivo; quais s\u00E3o as raz\u00F5es que o levam ao esfor\u00E7o para atingir esse objetivo!\u201D"@pt . . . . . "\u81EA\u6211\u6C7A\u5B9A\u8AD6"@zh . . "Teoria da autodetermina\u00E7\u00E3o (TDA) \u00E9 uma teoria que sustenta a ideia que as pessoas al\u00E9m de serem guiadas por suas necessidades de autonomia e, logo determinarem o pr\u00F3prio comportamento, tamb\u00E9m buscam maneiras de adquirir compet\u00EAncias e relacionamentos positivos nas rela\u00E7\u00F5es sociais. Ou seja, a teoria da autodetermina\u00E7\u00E3o \u201Cfaz uma importante distin\u00E7\u00E3o entre duas diferentes quest\u00F5es motivacionais: porqu\u00EA versus para que. Qual o objetivo de sua atividade e por que voc\u00EA quer realizar esse objetivo; quais s\u00E3o as raz\u00F5es que o levam ao esfor\u00E7o para atingir esse objetivo!\u201D Na d\u00E9cada de 1970, a pesquisa sobre TDA evoluiu de estudos comparando os motivos intr\u00EDnsecos e extr\u00EDnsecos , e da crescente compreens\u00E3o do papel dominante motiva\u00E7\u00E3o intr\u00EDnseca desempenhado no comportamento de um indiv\u00EDduo mas n\u00E3o foi at\u00E9 meados da d\u00E9cada de 1980 que o TDA foi formalmente introduzido e aceito como uma teoria emp\u00EDrica s\u00F3lida. A pesquisa aplicando TDA a diferentes \u00E1reas da psicologia social tem aumentado consideravelmente desde os anos 2000. Estudos-chave que levaram ao surgimento da teoria da autodetermina\u00E7\u00E3o inclu\u00EDram pesquisas sobre motiva\u00E7\u00E3o intr\u00EDnseca e extr\u00EDnseca. A motiva\u00E7\u00E3o intr\u00EDnseca refere-se a ideia de que as pessoas s\u00E3o motivadas quando experimentam o in\u00EDcio de uma atividade por sua pr\u00F3pria causa, pois \u00E9 interessante e satisfat\u00F3ria em si mesma, ao contr\u00E1rio de fazer uma atividade para obter um objetivo externo (motiva\u00E7\u00E3o extr\u00EDnseca). A motiva\u00E7\u00E3o extr\u00EDnseca refere-se \u00E0 motiva\u00E7\u00E3o que aspectos externos influenciam na realiza\u00E7\u00E3o de atividades, sendo dividida em 4 graus de autonomia. Come\u00E7ando pela regula\u00E7\u00E3o externa, regula\u00E7\u00E3o introjetada, regula\u00E7\u00E3o identificada e por \u00FAltima regula\u00E7\u00E3o integrada. Edward L. deci e Richard Ryan definem que a teoria da autodetermina\u00E7\u00E3o se baseia em tr\u00EAs necessidades b\u00E1sicas que auxiliam os indiv\u00EDduos na tomada de decis\u00E3o. A primeira necessidade b\u00E1sica \u00E9 a de compet\u00EAncia, a segunda \u00E9 a de autonomia e terceira \u00E9 a conex\u00E3o a um grupo de pessoas ou uma organiza\u00E7\u00E3o."@pt . "Self-determination theory"@en . "La Teoria de l'Autodeterminaci\u00F3 de Deci i Ryan (1985) \u00E9s un model que explica com la motivaci\u00F3 humana est\u00E0 present en molts ambits de la vida. Els estudis mostren que la motivaci\u00F3 autodeterminada est\u00E0 molt relacionada amb la motivaci\u00F3 intr\u00EDnseca. D'altra banda la motivaci\u00F3 extr\u00EDnseca i els seus mecanismes reguladors afavoreixen conductes no autodeterminades, i poden arribar a inferior falta de motivaci\u00F3. La gran part de les teories sobre la motivaci\u00F3 humana es basen en el fet que: Les persones responen davant refor\u00E7os positius i negatius (premis i c\u00E0stigs) i acostumen a analitzar de manera raonada qu\u00E8 els hi interessa m\u00E9s."@ca . . . "Sj\u00E4lvbest\u00E4mmandeteorin, SBT, (eng. Self-determination theory, SDT) \u00E4r en psykologisk makroteori inom motivationspsykologin som ber\u00F6r m\u00E4nniskors utvecklingsstadier och medf\u00F6dda psykologiska behov. Den handlar om de motiv som styr m\u00E4nniskors val, utan yttre p\u00E5verkan och st\u00F6rningar. SBT fokuserar p\u00E5 i vilken grad en individs beteende \u00E4r sj\u00E4lvmotiverat och sj\u00E4lvbest\u00E4mt. Under 1970-talet utvecklades forskningen om SBT ur studier som j\u00E4mf\u00F6rde inre och yttre motiv och ur en gradvis \u00F6kad f\u00F6rst\u00E5else f\u00F6r den dominerande rollen som den inneboende motivationen spelade f\u00F6r en individs beteende, men det var inte f\u00F6rr\u00E4n i mitten av 1980-talet som SBT formellt introducerades och accepterades som en rimlig empirisk teori. Den forskning som till\u00E4mpar SBT p\u00E5 olika omr\u00E5den inom socialpsykologin har \u00F6kat avsev\u00E4rt sedan 2000-talet. De nyckelstudier som ledde fram till SBT byggde bland annat p\u00E5 forskning kring inre motiv. Med begreppet \"inre motiv\" avses d\u00E5 n\u00E5gon g\u00F6r n\u00E5got f\u00F6r dess egen skull f\u00F6r att personen uppfattar det som intressant och tillfredsst\u00E4llande i sig, till skillnad fr\u00E5n \"yttre motiv\" som f\u00F6ljaktligen handlar om vad en person g\u00F6r f\u00F6r att uppn\u00E5 ett faktiskt, yttre m\u00E5l. Olika typer av motiv har beskrivits efter den utstr\u00E4ckning i vilka de har blivit internaliserade, det vill s\u00E4ga d\u00E5 man aktivt tagit till sig andras tankar, v\u00E4rderingar och reaktionss\u00E4tt och accepterat dessa som sina egna."@sv . "\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u062D\u062F\u064A\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062A\u064A (Self-determination theory)\u060C \u0647\u064A \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u062A\u0634\u0631\u062D \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062A\u062C\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062E\u0635\u064A\u0629\u060C \u0648\u0647\u064A \u062A\u0647\u062A\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0648\u062C\u0647\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064A\u0639\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062D\u0627\u062C\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064A\u0629 \u0644\u062F\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062F. \u0648\u0647\u064A \u062A\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u062A\u062D\u062F\u064A\u062F\u0627\u064B \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062E\u062A\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u062F\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0623\u062F\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u062F\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064A \u062A\u062F\u062E\u0644\u0627\u062A \u062E\u0627\u0631\u062C\u064A\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u063A\u0628\u062A\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0627\u062E\u0644\u064A\u0629. \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u062D\u062F\u064A\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062A\u064A \u062A\u0647\u062A\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062F \u0645\u0646 \u062E\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u064A\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u062F\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062A\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0623\u062F\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062A\u062D\u0641\u064A\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0627\u062E\u0644\u064A \u0648\u0627\u062E\u062A\u064A\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062A\u064A \u0644\u0623\u062F\u0627\u0621\u0647."@ar . . . . "\u81EA\u6211\u6C7A\u5B9A\u8AD6\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1ASelf-determination theory\uFF0C\u7C21\u7A31SDT\uFF09\u662F\u4E00\u500B\u6709\u95DC\u65BC\u4EBA\u985E\u500B\u6027\u8207\u52D5\u6A5F\u7684\u7406\u8AD6\uFF0C\u8003\u91CF\u5230\u500B\u4EBA\u8207\u751F\u4FF1\u4F86\u7684\u5929\u8CE6\u8CC7\u8CEA\u8207\u5FC3\u7406\u9700\u6C42\u3002\u4E3B\u65E8\u5728\u63A2\u8A0E\u4EBA\u767C\u81EA\u5167\u5FC3\u7684\u52D5\u6A5F\uFF0C\u6392\u9664\u5916\u5728\u8A98\u56E0\u8207\u5F71\u97FF\uFF0C\u5176\u4E2D\u53C8\u628A\u91CD\u9EDE\u805A\u7126\u5728\u500B\u4EBA\u6FC0\u767C\u8207\u81EA\u6211\u6C7A\u5B9A\u3002 \u57281970\u5E74\u4EE3\uFF0C\u81EA\u6211\u6C7A\u5B9A\u8AD6\u7684\u7814\u7A76\u8457\u91CD\u5728\u63A2\u8A0E\u8207\uFF0C\u4E26\u5617\u8A66\u4E86\u89E3\u5167\u5728\u52D5\u6A5F\u5F71\u97FF\u4EBA\u985E\u884C\u70BA\u7684\u9014\u5F91\u3002\u4F46\u4E00\u76F4\u52301980\u5E74\u4EE3\u4E2D\u671F\u9019\u500B\u7406\u8AD6\u624D\u7372\u5F97\u7A69\u56FA\u7684\u7814\u7A76\u4F9D\u64DA\u8207\u652F\u6301\uFF0C\u800C\u76F4\u52302000\u5E74\u4EE3\u5B78\u8005\u624D\u5957\u7528\u81EA\u6211\u6C7A\u5B9A\u8AD6\u5230\u4E0D\u540C\u9818\u57DF\uFF0C\u4F8B\u5982\u793E\u6703\u5FC3\u7406\u5B78\u3001\u6B63\u5411\u5FC3\u7406\u5B78\u3002 \u81EA\u6211\u6C7A\u5B9A\u8AD6\u7814\u7A76\u81F3\u4ECA\u7684\u95DC\u9375\u4F9D\u820A\u5728\u5167\u5728\u52D5\u6A5F\u8207\u5916\u5728\u52D5\u6A5F\u7684\u76F8\u5C0D\u95DC\u4FC2\uFF0C\u5167\u5728\u52D5\u6A5F\u610F\u6307\u4FC3\u4F7F\u4E00\u500B\u4EBA\u884C\u70BA\u7684\u7406\u7531\u662F\u56E0\u70BA\u9019\u6A23\u7684\u884C\u70BA\u672C\u8EAB\u80FD\u5E36\u4F86\u5A1B\u6A02\u8207\u6EFF\u8DB3\u611F\uFF0C\u76F8\u5C0D\u4F86\u8AAA\u5916\u5728\u52D5\u6A5F\u4EE3\u8868\u6709\u5916\u5728\u7684\u8A98\u56E0\u4FC3\u4F7F\u500B\u4EBA\u505A\u51FA\u8A72\u884C\u70BA\uFF0C\u5167\u5316\u5247\u662F\u6307\u4F7F\u5916\u5728\u52D5\u6A5F\u8F49\u8B8A\u6210\u5167\u5728\u52D5\u6A5F\u7684\u4E00\u500B\u52D5\u6A5F\u8F49\u63DB\u6B77\u7A0B\u3002"@zh . "Self-determination theory (SDT) is a macro theory of human motivation and personality that concerns people's innate growth tendencies and innate psychological needs. It pertains to the motivation behind people's choices in the absence of external influences and distractions. SDT focuses on the degree to which human behavior is self-motivated and self-determined."@en . . "Self-determination theory (SDT) is a macro theory of human motivation and personality that concerns people's innate growth tendencies and innate psychological needs. It pertains to the motivation behind people's choices in the absence of external influences and distractions. SDT focuses on the degree to which human behavior is self-motivated and self-determined. In the 1970s, research on SDT evolved from studies comparing intrinsic and extrinsic motives, and from growing understanding of the dominant role that intrinsic motivation played in individual behavior. It was not until the mid-1980s Edward L. Deci and Richard Ryan wrote a book titled \"Self-Determination and Intrinsic Motivation in Human Behavior\" that SDT was formally introduced and accepted as a sound empirical theory. Since the 2000s, research into practical applications of SDT has increased significantly. The key research that led to the emergence of SDT included research on intrinsic motivation. Intrinsic motivation refers to initiating an activity because it is interesting and satisfying in itself to do so, as opposed to doing an activity for the purpose of obtaining an external goal (extrinsic motivation). A taxonomy of motivations has been described based on the degree to which they are internalized. Internalization refers to the active attempt to transform an extrinsic motive into personally endorsed values and thus assimilate behavioral regulations that were originally external. Edward Deci and Richard Ryan later expanded on the early work differentiating between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and proposed three main intrinsic needs involved in self-determination. According to Deci and Ryan, three basic psychological needs motivate self-initiated behavior and specify essential nutrients for individual psychological health and well-being. These needs are said to be the universal and innate need for autonomy, competence, and relatedness."@en . . "\uC790\uAE30\uACB0\uC815\uC131 \uC774\uB860"@ko . . . . "La th\u00E9orie de l'autod\u00E9termination (acronyme TAD en fran\u00E7ais ou SDT anglais) est une macro-th\u00E9orie de la motivation humaine et de la personnalit\u00E9, qui concerne les tendances inh\u00E9rentes au d\u00E9veloppement et les besoins psychologiques inn\u00E9s des \u00EAtres humains. Elle traite de la motivation agissant derri\u00E8re les choix que les \u00EAtres humains font sans aucune influence ou interf\u00E9rence externe. La TAD d\u00E9finit le degr\u00E9 d'auto-motivation et d'auto-d\u00E9termination d'un comportement. Plusieurs \u00E9tudes importantes conduisirent \u00E0 l'\u00E9mergence de la TAD, en particulier les recherches sur la motivation intrins\u00E8que \u00E0 l'origine de la poursuite par un individu d'une activit\u00E9 parce qu'elle lui procure une satisfaction en elle-m\u00EAme, au contraire de la motivation extrins\u00E8que, o\u00F9 l'activit\u00E9 est poursuivie en vue d'atteindre un but externe \u00E0 celle-ci. Cette th\u00E9orie s'appuie, en effet, sur trois besoins psychologiques fondamentaux : \u00AB L\u2019autonomie, la comp\u00E9tence et l\u2019appartenance sociale. \u00BB (Deci, 1975)"@fr . "\u81EA\u6211\u6C7A\u5B9A\u8AD6\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1ASelf-determination theory\uFF0C\u7C21\u7A31SDT\uFF09\u662F\u4E00\u500B\u6709\u95DC\u65BC\u4EBA\u985E\u500B\u6027\u8207\u52D5\u6A5F\u7684\u7406\u8AD6\uFF0C\u8003\u91CF\u5230\u500B\u4EBA\u8207\u751F\u4FF1\u4F86\u7684\u5929\u8CE6\u8CC7\u8CEA\u8207\u5FC3\u7406\u9700\u6C42\u3002\u4E3B\u65E8\u5728\u63A2\u8A0E\u4EBA\u767C\u81EA\u5167\u5FC3\u7684\u52D5\u6A5F\uFF0C\u6392\u9664\u5916\u5728\u8A98\u56E0\u8207\u5F71\u97FF\uFF0C\u5176\u4E2D\u53C8\u628A\u91CD\u9EDE\u805A\u7126\u5728\u500B\u4EBA\u6FC0\u767C\u8207\u81EA\u6211\u6C7A\u5B9A\u3002 \u57281970\u5E74\u4EE3\uFF0C\u81EA\u6211\u6C7A\u5B9A\u8AD6\u7684\u7814\u7A76\u8457\u91CD\u5728\u63A2\u8A0E\u8207\uFF0C\u4E26\u5617\u8A66\u4E86\u89E3\u5167\u5728\u52D5\u6A5F\u5F71\u97FF\u4EBA\u985E\u884C\u70BA\u7684\u9014\u5F91\u3002\u4F46\u4E00\u76F4\u52301980\u5E74\u4EE3\u4E2D\u671F\u9019\u500B\u7406\u8AD6\u624D\u7372\u5F97\u7A69\u56FA\u7684\u7814\u7A76\u4F9D\u64DA\u8207\u652F\u6301\uFF0C\u800C\u76F4\u52302000\u5E74\u4EE3\u5B78\u8005\u624D\u5957\u7528\u81EA\u6211\u6C7A\u5B9A\u8AD6\u5230\u4E0D\u540C\u9818\u57DF\uFF0C\u4F8B\u5982\u793E\u6703\u5FC3\u7406\u5B78\u3001\u6B63\u5411\u5FC3\u7406\u5B78\u3002 \u81EA\u6211\u6C7A\u5B9A\u8AD6\u7814\u7A76\u81F3\u4ECA\u7684\u95DC\u9375\u4F9D\u820A\u5728\u5167\u5728\u52D5\u6A5F\u8207\u5916\u5728\u52D5\u6A5F\u7684\u76F8\u5C0D\u95DC\u4FC2\uFF0C\u5167\u5728\u52D5\u6A5F\u610F\u6307\u4FC3\u4F7F\u4E00\u500B\u4EBA\u884C\u70BA\u7684\u7406\u7531\u662F\u56E0\u70BA\u9019\u6A23\u7684\u884C\u70BA\u672C\u8EAB\u80FD\u5E36\u4F86\u5A1B\u6A02\u8207\u6EFF\u8DB3\u611F\uFF0C\u76F8\u5C0D\u4F86\u8AAA\u5916\u5728\u52D5\u6A5F\u4EE3\u8868\u6709\u5916\u5728\u7684\u8A98\u56E0\u4FC3\u4F7F\u500B\u4EBA\u505A\u51FA\u8A72\u884C\u70BA\uFF0C\u5167\u5316\u5247\u662F\u6307\u4F7F\u5916\u5728\u52D5\u6A5F\u8F49\u8B8A\u6210\u5167\u5728\u52D5\u6A5F\u7684\u4E00\u500B\u52D5\u6A5F\u8F49\u63DB\u6B77\u7A0B\u3002"@zh . . "79998"^^ . . . . . . . . "\uC790\uAE30\uACB0\uC815\uC131 \uC774\uB860(\u81EA\u8D77\u6C7A\u5B9A\u6027\u7406\u8AD6, Self-determination theory, SDT)\uC740 (Edward Deci, 1942\uB144~)\uC640 (Richard Ryan, 1953\uB144~)\uC774 1975\uB144 \uAC1C\uC778\uB4E4\uC774 \uC5B4\uB5A4 \uD65C\uB3D9\uC744 \uB0B4\uC7AC\uC801\uC778 \uC774\uC720\uC640 \uC678\uC7AC\uC801\uC778 \uC774\uC720\uC5D0 \uC758\uD574 \uCC38\uC5EC\uD558\uAC8C \uB418\uC5C8\uC744 \uB54C \uBC1C\uC0DD\uD558\uB294 \uACB0\uACFC\uB294 \uC804\uD600 \uB2E4\uB978 \uACB0\uACFC\uAC00 \uB098\uD0C0\uB0A8\uC744 \uBC14\uD0D5\uC73C\uB85C \uC218\uB9BD\uD55C \uC774\uB860\uC744 \uC77C\uCEEB\uB294\uB2E4."@ko . . . . . . "Zelfbeschikkingstheorie"@nl . "La Teoria de l'Autodeterminaci\u00F3 de Deci i Ryan (1985) \u00E9s un model que explica com la motivaci\u00F3 humana est\u00E0 present en molts ambits de la vida. Els estudis mostren que la motivaci\u00F3 autodeterminada est\u00E0 molt relacionada amb la motivaci\u00F3 intr\u00EDnseca. D'altra banda la motivaci\u00F3 extr\u00EDnseca i els seus mecanismes reguladors afavoreixen conductes no autodeterminades, i poden arribar a inferior falta de motivaci\u00F3. La gran part de les teories sobre la motivaci\u00F3 humana es basen en el fet que: Les persones responen davant refor\u00E7os positius i negatius (premis i c\u00E0stigs) i acostumen a analitzar de manera raonada qu\u00E8 els hi interessa m\u00E9s. Durant els anys 70 , professor de psicologia de la Universitat de Rochester, va realitzar una s\u00E8rie d'experiments que van obtenir els resultats seg\u00FCents: les recompenses puguin incrementar una mica la motivaci\u00F3 quan es tracta de fer tasques repetitives i avorrides. Quan les tasques requereixen de pensament creatiu, les recompenses no solament no ajuden sin\u00F3 que fins i tot poden perjudicar. Com a tret sorprenent dels resultats de l'experiment, es va observar que els grups de persones que no rebien un premi extern obtenien millors resultats que els que eren premiats. D'aquesta manera es pot entendre que si motivaci\u00F3 interna es substitueix per una recompensa, aix\u00F2 fa disminuir la creativitat. Un altre factor a destacar \u00E9s que a m\u00E9s a m\u00E9s les recompenses poden animar a la gent a buscar dreceres, enganys i comportaments poc \u00E8tics. \n* Compet\u00E8ncia: Es busca control sobre el que es fa \n* Autonomia: Es busca ser els que marquen les directrius \n* Relacions: Es busca interconnexi\u00F3 i relaci\u00F3 Aix\u00ED doncs per motivar i intentar aconseguir que cadasc\u00FA aporti el millor d'ell mateix, el millor no \u00E9s voler motivar directament, sin\u00F3 crear un entorn adequat per satisfer les necessitats naturals de l'individu."@ca . . . "\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u062D\u062F\u064A\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062A\u064A"@ar . "\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u062D\u062F\u064A\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062A\u064A (Self-determination theory)\u060C \u0647\u064A \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u062A\u0634\u0631\u062D \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062A\u062C\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062E\u0635\u064A\u0629\u060C \u0648\u0647\u064A \u062A\u0647\u062A\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0648\u062C\u0647\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064A\u0639\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062D\u0627\u062C\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064A\u0629 \u0644\u062F\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062F. \u0648\u0647\u064A \u062A\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u062A\u062D\u062F\u064A\u062F\u0627\u064B \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062E\u062A\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 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\u0627\u0644\u062A\u062D\u062F\u064A\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062A\u064A \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0633\u0639\u064A\u0646\u0627\u062A \u0648\u062A\u062D\u062F\u064A\u062F\u0627\u064B \u0641\u064A 1985\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064A\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062D\u062B\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u062F\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062F \u062F\u064A\u0633\u064A \u0648\u0631\u064A\u062A\u0634\u0627\u062F \u0631\u0627\u064A\u0646 Edward Deci \u0648 Richard Ryan \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062B\u0645 \u0628\u062F\u0623\u062A \u062A\u0637\u0628\u064A\u0642\u0627\u062A \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u062A\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062C\u0644\u064A\u0627\u064B \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2000 \u0645. \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062D\u062F \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062F\u0626 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0647\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u062F\u0648\u0631 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\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u0627 \u062C\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064A \u062F\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062D\u062B\u0627\u0646 Edward Deci \u0648 Richard Ryan \u0647\u0648 \u0634\u0631\u062D \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u0645\u062B\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0627\u062E\u0644\u064A \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062F\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062E\u0627\u0631\u062C\u064A \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u062A\u0628\u062F\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062A\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u062A\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u00AB\u062F\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u062A\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064A\u00BB (Amotivation) \u0648\u062A\u0646\u062A\u0647\u064A \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062A\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646 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"1124862645"^^ . . "\u0422\u0435\u043E\u0440\u0438\u044F \u0441\u0430\u043C\u043E\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0438\u043D\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438"@ru . "La th\u00E9orie de l'autod\u00E9termination (acronyme TAD en fran\u00E7ais ou SDT anglais) est une macro-th\u00E9orie de la motivation humaine et de la personnalit\u00E9, qui concerne les tendances inh\u00E9rentes au d\u00E9veloppement et les besoins psychologiques inn\u00E9s des \u00EAtres humains. Elle traite de la motivation agissant derri\u00E8re les choix que les \u00EAtres humains font sans aucune influence ou interf\u00E9rence externe. La TAD d\u00E9finit le degr\u00E9 d'auto-motivation et d'auto-d\u00E9termination d'un comportement."@fr . . . . . "De zelfbeschikkingstheorie of zelfdeterminatietheorie (ZDT) is een door en ontwikkelde macrotheorie over de menselijke motivatie. De kern van de theorie wordt gevormd door de stelling dat er drie natuurlijke basisbehoeften zijn die, indien deze bevredigd worden, een optimale functionering, welbevinden en groei van een persoon toestaan."@nl . . . .