"Roman Egypt"@en . . . "over-general"@en . . . . . . . . . . "Romeins en Byzantijns Egypte"@nl . . . . . . . . . ""@en . . . . "vertical"@en . "Aegyptus (latin) var en romersk provins som Augustus skapade efter att ha er\u00F6vrat omr\u00E5det \u00E5r 31 f.Kr. Den innefattade st\u00F6rre delar av nuvarande Egypten f\u00F6rutom Sinaihalv\u00F6n samt delar av Libyen. Angr\u00E4nsande provinser var Cyrenaica i v\u00E4st och Arabia petraea i \u00F6st. Provinsen var en viktig producent av spannm\u00E5l till riket. Aegyptus hade en s\u00E4rst\u00E4llning bland Romarrikets provinser och r\u00E4knades som kejsarens privata egendom. Senaten hade inget inflytande \u00F6ver dess f\u00F6rvaltning och senatorer var rent av tvungna att beg\u00E4ra tillst\u00E5nd hos kejsaren f\u00F6r att \u00F6ver huvud taget bes\u00F6ka provinsen."@sv . . . . "Romeins en Byzantijns Egypte is de periode in de geschiedenis van Egypte die begint als de Romeinse alleenheerser Octavianus in 30 voor Chr. Egypte inlijft bij het Romeinse Rijk, waarmee een einde komt aan de periode van Macedonisch Egypte en Ptoleme\u00EFsche rijk."@nl . . . . . . "Egipto Erromako probintzia bihurtu zen K.a. 30ean, Kleopatraren heriotzaren ostean. Enperadoreak equites taldekoen artean (eta ez senatarien artean) hautatutako prefektuak gobernatzen zuen Egipto, Senatuko esku-sartzeak saihesten nahi baitziren. Izan ere, oso eskualde garrantzitsua zen Egipto, Erromatar Inperioko gari hornitzaile nagusia baitzen. Hornidura hori eten eginez gero, matxinadak sortuko ziren Erromako behartsuen artean. Hala ere, erromatarrek ptolomeotarren gobernu-sistema errespetatu zuten. Goi-mailako administratzaileak erromatarrak baziren ere, administrazioko erdi eta behe-mailakoek greziar jatorria zuten eta grezierak hizkuntza nagusia segi zuen. Honela, kultura eta hezkuntza Ptolometarren bezalakoa izan zen. Erromatarrek egiptoarren gurtzak eta ohiturak ere errespetatu zituzten."@eu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "La provincia romana de Egipto (en griego, \u0391\u1F34\u0263\u03C5\u03C0\u03C4\u03BF\u03C2; en lat\u00EDn, Aegyptus) fue una provincia del Imperio romano, que comprend\u00EDa la mayor parte del Egipto actual, exceptuando la pen\u00EDnsula del Sina\u00ED. La provincia de Cirenaica al oeste, y Judea (m\u00E1s tarde Palestina y Arabia P\u00E9trea) al este, ten\u00EDan frontera con Egipto. El \u00E1rea pas\u00F3 a estar bajo el dominio romano en el a\u00F1o 30 a. C., tras la derrota de Cleopatra y Marco Antonio por Octavio (el futuro emperador C\u00E9sar Augusto). Sirvi\u00F3 como el principal proveedor de trigo para el Imperio."@es . . . . . . . . "\u30A2\u30A8\u30AE\u30E5\u30D7\u30C8\u30A5\u30B9\uFF08\u30E9\u30C6\u30F3\u8A9E: Aegyptus\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u53E4\u4EE3\u306E\u30A8\u30B8\u30D7\u30C8\u304C\u30ED\u30FC\u30DE\u5E1D\u56FD\u306E\u5C5E\u5DDE\u3060\u3063\u305F\u6642\u4EE3\u306E\u5730\u540D\u3067\u3001\u300C\u30A8\u30B8\u30D7\u30C8\uFF08Egypt\uFF09\u300D\u306E\u8A9E\u6E90\u3067\u3082\u3042\u308B\u3002\u30B7\u30CA\u30A4\u534A\u5CF6\u306F\u542B\u307E\u306A\u3044\u70B9\u3092\u9664\u3051\u3070\u3001\u5C5E\u5DDE\u306E\u9818\u57DF\u306F\u73FE\u5728\u306E\u30A8\u30B8\u30D7\u30C8\u3068\u307B\u3068\u3093\u3069\u540C\u3058\u3002\u897F\u5074\u306F\u30AD\u30E5\u30EC\u30CA\u30A4\u30AB\u5C5E\u5DDE\u3068\u96A3\u308A\u5408\u3044\u3001\u6771\u5074\u306F\u30A2\u30E9\u30D3\u30A2\u5C5E\u5DDE\u3068\u96A3\u308A\u5408\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305F\u3002 \u5143\u306F\u30D7\u30C8\u30EC\u30DE\u30A4\u30AA\u30B9\u671D\u304C\u652F\u914D\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305F\u304C\u3001\u7D00\u5143\u524D30\u5E74\u306B\u30AF\u30EC\u30AA\u30D1\u30C8\u30E97\u4E16\u3068\u30DE\u30EB\u30AF\u30B9\u30FB\u30A2\u30F3\u30C8\u30CB\u30A6\u30B9\u3092\u30AA\u30AF\u30BF\u30A6\u30A3\u30A2\u30CC\u30B9\uFF08\u306E\u3061\u306E\u521D\u4EE3\u30ED\u30FC\u30DE\u7687\u5E1D\u30A2\u30A6\u30B0\u30B9\u30C8\u30A5\u30B9\uFF09\u304C\u7834\u3063\u305F\u3053\u3068\u306B\u3088\u308A\u3001\u30ED\u30FC\u30DE\u306E\u652F\u914D\u4E0B\u306B\u5165\u3063\u305F\u3002\u307E\u305F\u30ED\u30FC\u30DE\u7687\u5E1D\u306E\u79C1\u9818\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u7687\u5E1D\u500B\u4EBA\u306E\u53CE\u5165\u6E90\u3068\u306A\u3063\u305F\u3002\u3053\u306E\u5730\u57DF\u306F\u3001\u30ED\u30FC\u30DE\u5E1D\u56FD\u306B\u3068\u3063\u3066\u91CD\u8981\u306A\u7A40\u7269\u306E\u4F9B\u7D66\u5730\u3068\u306A\u3063\u305F\u30027\u4E16\u7D00\u306B\u30A4\u30B9\u30E9\u30E0\u5E1D\u56FD\u306E\u652F\u914D\u4E0B\u306B\u5165\u3063\u305F\u3002"@ja . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Maps of Roman Egypt"@en . . . . . . "Marble statue of"@en . . . "Aegyptus, latine por Egiptio, de la jaro 30 anta\u016D Kristo \u011Dis la divido de la imperio dum la jaro 395 estis provinco de la Romia Imperio. Pro la granda ri\u0109eco de la antikva Egiptio la provinco havis specialan statuson inter la romiaj provincoj: \u011Ci konsideri\u011Dis la \u0109efa grenproduktejo de la imperio. Plej malfrue dum la jaro 210 anta\u016D Kristo, kiam meze de la Dua Punika Milito ekestis misrikolta jaro kaj granda malsatokrizo en Italio, kiu nur povis esti solvita per livero de granda kvanto de greno fare de la tiama egipta imperiestro Ptolemeo la 4-a, la romianoj konsciis pri la signifo de la re\u011Dolando \u0109e rivero Nilo. Dum la 1-a jarcento anta\u016D Kristo la ptolemea imperio en Egiptio tre malforti\u011Dis, kaj la imperiestro Ptolemeo la 11-a dum la jaro 80 anta\u016D Kristo konsideris post sia morto donaci la "@eo . . . . . "Egypt"@en . "\uC544\uC774\uAE41\uD22C\uC2A4(Aegyptus)\uB294 \uB85C\uB9C8 \uC81C\uAD6D\uC758 \uC18D\uC8FC \uC911 \uD558\uB098\uC774\uB2E4. \uC2DC\uB098\uC774\uBC18\uB3C4\uB97C \uC81C\uC678\uD55C \uD604\uC7AC\uC758 \uC774\uC9D1\uD2B8 \uB300\uBD80\uBD84\uC774 \uD3EC\uD568\uB418\uC5B4 \uC788\uC73C\uBA70, \uC11C\uCABD\uC73C\uB85C\uB294 \uD0A4\uB808\uB098\uC774\uCE74, \uB3D9\uCABD\uC73C\uB85C\uB294 \uC544\uB77C\uBE44\uC544 \uD398\uD2B8\uB77C\uC774\uC544\uC640 \uACBD\uACC4\uB97C \uB9C8\uC8FC\uD558\uACE0 \uC788\uB2E4. \uC774 \uC18D\uC8FC\uC758 \uC774\uB984\uC740 \uC6D0\uB798 \uB3C4\uC2DC \uC774\uB984\uC774\uC5C8\uC73C\uB098, \uB85C\uB9C8\uAC00 \uC810\uB839\uD55C \uB4A4\uB85C \uC18D\uC8FC \uC804\uCCB4\uC758 \uC774\uB984\uC73C\uB85C \uC778\uC2DD\uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uC774 \uC774\uB984\uC740 \uC624\uB298\uB0A0 \uC774\uC9D1\uD2B8\uB85C \uBC14\uB00C\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uAE30\uC6D0\uC804 30\uB144 \uD074\uB808\uC624\uD30C\uD2B8\uB77C\uC758 \uC8FD\uC74C\uACFC \uD568\uAED8 \uC774\uC9D1\uD2B8\uB294 \uB85C\uB9C8\uC758 \uD669\uC81C \uC18D\uC8FC \uC544\uC774\uAE41\uD22C\uC2A4\uB85C, \uB85C\uB9C8 \uD669\uC81C\uC5D0 \uC758\uD574 \uC9C1\uC811 \uC120\uD0DD\uB41C \uC9D1\uC815\uAD00\uC774 \uB2E4\uC2A4\uB9AC\uB294 \uC9C1\uD560\uC9C0\uAC00 \uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uC774 \uC9C0\uC5ED\uC758 \uCD1D\uB3C5\uC740 \uC6D0\uB85C\uC6D0 \uACC4\uAE09\uC774 \uC544\uB2C8\uB77C \uAE30\uC0AC \uACC4\uAE09 \uAC00\uC6B4\uB370\uC11C \uC784\uBA85\uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uC774\uC9D1\uD2B8\uB294 \uC8FC\uC694 \uBC00 \uC0B0\uC9C0\uB85C\uC11C \uB85C\uB9C8 \uC81C\uAD6D\uC5D0\uAC8C \uC804\uB7B5\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uC911\uC694\uD55C \uC9C0\uC5ED\uC774\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uC774 \uBAA9\uD45C\uB97C \uC704\uD574 \uB85C\uB9C8\uB294 \uD504\uD1A8\uB808\uB9C8\uC774\uC624\uC2A4 \uC655\uC870 \uC2DC\uB300\uC758 \uC815\uBD80\uB97C \uAC70\uC758 \uBCC0\uD654\uD558\uC9C0 \uC54A\uACE0 \uC720\uC9C0\uC2DC\uCF30\uB2E4. \uC815\uBD80\uC758 \uAD00\uB8CC \uB300\uBD80\uBD84\uC740 \uADF8\uB9AC\uC2A4\uC778\uC73C\uB85C \uC774\uB8E8\uC5B4\uC84C\uC73C\uBA70, \uC18D\uC8FC\uC758 \uACF5\uC6A9\uC5B4\uB294 \uCD1D\uB3C5\uBD80 \uCD5C\uACE0\uCE35\uC744 \uC81C\uC678\uD558\uACE0\uB294 \uADF8\uB9AC\uC2A4\uC5B4\uC600\uB2E4. \uB85C\uB9C8\uC778\uB4E4\uC740 \uADF8\uB9AC\uC2A4\uC778\uB4E4\uACFC \uB2EC\uB9AC \uC774\uC9D1\uD2B8\uC5D0 \uB300\uAC70 \uC774\uC8FC\uD558\uC9C0 \uC54A\uC558\uC73C\uBA70, \uC544\uC774\uAE41\uD22C\uC2A4\uC758 \uBB38\uD654, \uAD50\uC721, \uB3C4\uC2DC\uC0DD\uD65C\uC740 \uB85C\uB9C8 \uC81C\uAD6D\uC758 \uB9D0\uAE30\uAE4C\uC9C0 \uADF8\uB9AC\uC2A4\uC801\uC774\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uB85C\uB9C8\uC778\uB4E4\uC740 \uD504\uD1A8\uB808\uB9C8\uC774\uC624\uC2A4 \uC655\uC870\uCC98\uB7FC \uC774\uC9D1\uD2B8\uC778\uB4E4\uC758 \uC804\uD1B5\uC801\uC778 \uC885\uAD50\uC640 \uAD00\uC2B5\uC744 \uC874\uC911\uD588\uC73C\uB098, \uB85C\uB9C8\uC778\uC758 \uC885\uAD50\uB3C4 \uC810\uC9C4\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uC544\uC774\uAE41\uD22C\uC2A4\uB85C \uC2A4\uBA70\uB4E4\uC5C8\uB2E4."@ko . . . . . "Greek"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0404\u0433\u0438\u043F\u0435\u0442 (\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0430 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0456\u043D\u0446\u0456\u044F)"@uk . . . . . . . . "La p\u00E9riode de l\u2019\u00C9gypte romaine et byzantine (en latin : Aegyptus; en grec koin\u00E8 \u0391\u1F34\u03B3\u03C5\u03C0\u03C4\u03BF\u03C2 / A\u00EDgyptos) s\u2019\u00E9tend de l\u2019annexion par Rome de l\u2019ancien royaume lagide en 30 av. J.-C. jusqu\u2019\u00E0 sa conqu\u00EAte par les Arabes en 641. La province romaine comprenait alors la plus grande partie de l\u2019\u00C9gypte moderne moins le Sina\u00EF et \u00E9tait voisine des provinces de Cr\u00E8te et Cyr\u00E9na\u00EFque \u00E0 l\u2019ouest, de la Jud\u00E9e et de l\u2019Arabie p\u00E9tr\u00E9e \u00E0 l\u2019est. L\u2019\u00C9gypte \u00E9tait de loin la plus riche des provinces romaines hors de l\u2019Italie, avait une \u00E9conomie mon\u00E9taire tr\u00E8s d\u00E9velopp\u00E9e et une population que l\u2019on estime entre quatre et huit millions d\u2019habitants. Grenier \u00E0 bl\u00E9 de Rome \u00E0 l\u2019origine, de Constantinople par la suite, elle poss\u00E9dait un port important \u00E0 Alexandrie, deuxi\u00E8me ville en importance de l\u2018Empire romain."@fr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "390"^^ . . . . . . . "\uC544\uC774\uAE41\uD22C\uC2A4"@ko . . . . . . . . . . "641"^^ . . . . . . "137365"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "right"@en . . "sitologoi"@en . . "\u516C\u5143\u524D30\u5E74\uFF0C\u5C4B\u5927\u7EF4\u5728\u51FB\u8D25\u5176\u52B2\u654C\u9A6C\u514B\u00B7\u5B89\u4E1C\u5C3C\uFF0C\u6D88\u6EC5\u4E86\u6258\u52D2\u5BC6\u57C3\u53CA\u4E4B\u5F8C\uFF0C\u5C06\u57C3\u53CA\u5730\u5340\u7EB3\u4E3A\u7F57\u9A6C\u7684\u4E00\u4E2A\u884C\u7701\u3002\u4F5C\u4E3A\u7F57\u9A6C\u884C\u7701\u7684\u57C3\u53CA\u5305\u62EC\u4E86\u9664\u897F\u5948\u534A\u5C9B\u4E4B\u5916\u73B0\u4ECA\u57C3\u53CA\u7684\u5927\u90E8\u3002\u57C3\u53CA\u884C\u7701\u897F\u90BB\u514B\u91CC\u7279\u548C\u6614\u5170\u5C3C\u52A0\u884C\u7701\uFF0C\u4E1C\u63A5\u72B9\u592A\u884C\u7701\uFF08\u540E\u4E3A\u963F\u62C9\u4F2F\u884C\u7701\uFF09\u3002\u57C3\u53CA\u884C\u7701\u662F\u7F57\u9A6C\u5E1D\u56FD\u6700\u91CD\u8981\u7684\u8C37\u7269\u751F\u4EA7\u5730\u3002"@zh . "-"@en . . "Romeins en Byzantijns Egypte is de periode in de geschiedenis van Egypte die begint als de Romeinse alleenheerser Octavianus in 30 voor Chr. Egypte inlijft bij het Romeinse Rijk, waarmee een einde komt aan de periode van Macedonisch Egypte en Ptoleme\u00EFsche rijk."@nl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0420\u0438\u043C\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0430 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0456\u043D\u0446\u0456\u044F \u0404\u0433\u0438\u043F\u0435\u0442 (\u0420\u0438\u043C\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0404\u0433\u0438\u043F\u0435\u0442) \u2014 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0456\u043D\u0446\u0456\u044F \u0420\u0438\u043C\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0457 \u0456\u043C\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u0437 30 \u0440. \u0434\u043E \u0420.\u0425. \u043F\u043E 641 \u0440., \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0456\u044F \u044F\u043A\u043E\u0457 \u043F\u0440\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u043E \u0437\u0431\u0456\u0433\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0437 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0456\u0454\u044E \u0441\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0404\u0433\u0438\u043F\u0442\u0443, \u0437\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u043D\u044F\u0442\u043A\u043E\u043C \u0421\u0438\u043D\u0430\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u0456\u0432\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0430. \u041D\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u043E\u0434\u0456 \u0432\u043E\u043D\u0430 \u043C\u0435\u0436\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0430 \u0437 \u041A\u0456\u0440\u0435\u043D\u0430\u0457\u043A\u043E\u044E, \u0430 \u043D\u0430 \u0441\u0445\u043E\u0434\u0456 \u0437 \u0410\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0456\u0454\u044E. \u0404\u0433\u0438\u043F\u0435\u0442 \u043F\u043E\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043F\u0438\u0432 \u043F\u0456\u0434 \u0432\u043B\u0430\u0434\u0443 \u0420\u0438\u043C\u0443 \u0443 30 \u0434\u043E \u0420.\u0425. \u043F\u0456\u0441\u043B\u044F \u0441\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0456 \u0446\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0456 \u041A\u043B\u0435\u043E\u043F\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0456 \u041C\u0430\u0440\u043A\u0430 \u0410\u043D\u0442\u043E\u043D\u0456\u044F."@uk . . . . . . "1123500408"^^ . . . . "La p\u00E9riode de l\u2019\u00C9gypte romaine et byzantine (en latin : Aegyptus; en grec koin\u00E8 \u0391\u1F34\u03B3\u03C5\u03C0\u03C4\u03BF\u03C2 / A\u00EDgyptos) s\u2019\u00E9tend de l\u2019annexion par Rome de l\u2019ancien royaume lagide en 30 av. J.-C. jusqu\u2019\u00E0 sa conqu\u00EAte par les Arabes en 641. La province romaine comprenait alors la plus grande partie de l\u2019\u00C9gypte moderne moins le Sina\u00EF et \u00E9tait voisine des provinces de Cr\u00E8te et Cyr\u00E9na\u00EFque \u00E0 l\u2019ouest, de la Jud\u00E9e et de l\u2019Arabie p\u00E9tr\u00E9e \u00E0 l\u2019est. L\u2019\u00C9gypte \u00E9tait de loin la plus riche des provinces romaines hors de l\u2019Italie, avait une \u00E9conomie mon\u00E9taire tr\u00E8s d\u00E9velopp\u00E9e et une population que l\u2019on estime entre quatre et huit millions d\u2019habitants. Grenier \u00E0 bl\u00E9 de Rome \u00E0 l\u2019origine, de Constantinople par la suite, elle poss\u00E9dait un port important \u00E0 Alexandrie, deuxi\u00E8me ville en importance de l\u2018Empire romain. Le royaume lagide (305 \u00E0 30 av. J.-C.) et la dynastie ach\u00E9m\u00E9nide qui avait r\u00E9gn\u00E9 sur l\u2019\u00C9gypte depuis les guerres d\u2019Alexandre le Grand fut annex\u00E9 \u00E0 Rome apr\u00E8s la d\u00E9faite de Marc Antoine et de Cl\u00E9op\u00E2tre VII aux mains d\u2019Octave qui deviendra le premier empereur romain et gouvernera l\u2019\u00C9gypte comme le successeur des pharaons. Bien que diverses institutions bureaucratiques lagides fussent maintenues, l\u2019ensemble du gouvernement fut align\u00E9 sur la structure administrative romaine. Le syst\u00E8me juridique hell\u00E9no-\u00E9gyptien de la p\u00E9riode hell\u00E9nique fut maintenu, mais dans le cadre du droit romain. La t\u00E9tradrachme frapp\u00E9e \u00E0 Alexandrie continua \u00E0 \u00EAtre utilis\u00E9e dans une \u00E9conomie de plus en plus mon\u00E9taris\u00E9e mais sa valeur fut progressivement align\u00E9e sur celle du denarius romain. Le sacerdoce desservant les anciennes religions \u00E9gyptiennes ainsi que les d\u00E9it\u00E9s import\u00E9es de Gr\u00E8ce conserv\u00E8rent \u00E0 la fois temples et privil\u00E8ges, mais en contrepartie durent \u00E9galement desservir le culte imp\u00E9rial romain d\u00E9ifiant les empereurs et leur famille \u00E0 leur d\u00E9c\u00E8s. Avec l\u2019arriv\u00E9e du christianisme, l\u2019\u00C9gypte continua sa tradition de centre intellectuel important, notamment gr\u00E2ce \u00E0 Alexandrie. Foyer intellectuel grec et juif, notamment apr\u00E8s la destruction de J\u00E9rusalem, elle deviendra apr\u00E8s l\u2019adoption du christianisme le foyer des premi\u00E8res h\u00E9r\u00E9sies chr\u00E9tiennes, lesquelles bouleverseront l\u2019Empire byzantin non seulement sur le plan religieux, mais \u00E9galement sur le plan politique \u00E9loignant progressivement ses parties occidentale et orientale."@fr . . . . "no"@en . . . . "Aegyptus adalah provinsi Romawi yang didirikan pada tahun 30 SM setelah Octavianus (yang akan menjadi Kaisar Augustus) mengalahkan musuhnya Mark Antony, menggulingkan kekasih Mark Anthony ratu Cleopatra VII, dan menguasai Mesir. Provinsi ini meliputi sebagian besar Mesir modern kecuali Semenanjung Sinai (yang akan ditaklukan oleh Trajanus). Aegyptus berbatasan dengan provinsi di Barat dan di Timur. Provinsi ini merupakan penghasil gandum utama kekaisaran."@in . "d\u0113m\u00F3sioi kt\u0113notr\u00F3phoi"@en . . . "Aegyptus (provinsi Romawi)"@in . . . . . . . . "Roman Empire 125.png"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Roman Empire - Aegyptus .svg"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . "350"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Formation of the Diocese"@en . . . . . . "Egypt (Latin: Aegyptus [ae\u032F\u02C8\u0261\u028Fpt\u028As]; Koin\u0113 Greek: \u0391\u1F34\u03B3\u03C5\u03C0\u03C4\u03BF\u03C2 A\u00EDgyptos [\u025B\u0301\u02D0\u0261yptos]) was a subdivision of the Roman Empire from Rome's invasion of the Ptolemaic Egyptian Kingdom after the battle of Alexandria in 30 BC to its loss by the Byzantine Empire to the Islamic conquests in AD 641. The province encompassed most of modern-day Egypt except for the Sinai, and was bordered by the provinces of Crete and Cyrenaica to the west and Judea, later Arabia Petraea, to the East. Egypt came to serve as a major producer of grain for the empire and had a highly developed urban economy. Aegyptus was by far the wealthiest Eastern Roman province, and by far the wealthiest Roman province outside of Italy. The population of Roman Egypt is unknown, although estimates vary from 4 to 8 million. In Alexandria, i"@en . "Aegyptus"@sv . . "Mohammad adil-Rashidun-empire-at-its-peak-close.PNG"@en . "epistrat\u0113g\u00F3s"@en . "Egipt rzymski (\u0142ac. Aegyptus, stgr. \u0391\u1F34\u03B3\u03C5\u03C0\u03C4\u03BF\u03C2; A\u00EDgyptos) \u2013 okres w historii Egiptu, w kt\u00F3rym by\u0142 on cz\u0119\u015Bci\u0105 Cesarstwa Rzymskiego. Trwa\u0142 od momentu przekszta\u0142cenia Egiptu w rzymsk\u0105 prowincj\u0119 przez cesarza Augusta w roku 30 p.n.e. a\u017C do reform Dioklecjana pod koniec III w., kt\u00F3re uwa\u017Cane s\u0105 za pocz\u0105tek okresu bizanty\u0144skiego w historii Egiptu."@pl . . . . . . "Egypt (Latin: Aegyptus [ae\u032F\u02C8\u0261\u028Fpt\u028As]; Koin\u0113 Greek: \u0391\u1F34\u03B3\u03C5\u03C0\u03C4\u03BF\u03C2 A\u00EDgyptos [\u025B\u0301\u02D0\u0261yptos]) was a subdivision of the Roman Empire from Rome's invasion of the Ptolemaic Egyptian Kingdom after the battle of Alexandria in 30 BC to its loss by the Byzantine Empire to the Islamic conquests in AD 641. The province encompassed most of modern-day Egypt except for the Sinai, and was bordered by the provinces of Crete and Cyrenaica to the west and Judea, later Arabia Petraea, to the East. Egypt came to serve as a major producer of grain for the empire and had a highly developed urban economy. Aegyptus was by far the wealthiest Eastern Roman province, and by far the wealthiest Roman province outside of Italy. The population of Roman Egypt is unknown, although estimates vary from 4 to 8 million. In Alexandria, its capital, it possessed the largest port, and was the second largest city of the Roman Empire. After the Assassination of Julius Caesar in 44 BC, the Ptolemaic Kingdom (r. 305\u201330 BC), which had ruled Egypt since the Wars of Alexander the Great brought an end to Achaemenid Egypt (the Thirty-first Dynasty), took the side of Mark Antony in the last war of the Roman Republic, against the eventual victor Octavian, who as Augustus became the first Roman emperor in 27 BC, having defeated Mark Antony and the pharaoh, Cleopatra VII, at the naval Battle of Actium. After the deaths of Antony and Cleopatra, the Roman Republic annexed the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt. Augustus and many subsequent emperors ruled Egypt as the Roman pharaohs. The Ptolemaic institutions were dismantled, and though some bureaucratic elements were maintained the government administration was wholly reformed along with the social structure. The Graeco-Egyptian legal system of the Hellenistic period continued in use, but within the bounds of Roman law. The tetradrachm coinage minted at the Ptolemaic capital of Alexandria continued to be the currency of an increasingly monetized economy, but its value was made equal to the Roman denarius. The priesthoods of the Ancient Egyptian deities and Hellenistic religions of Egypt kept most of their temples and privileges, and in turn the priests also served the Roman imperial cult of the deified emperors and their families. From the 1st century BC, the Roman governor of Egypt was appointed by the emperor for a multi-year term and given the rank of prefect (Latin: praefectus). Both the governor and the major officials were of equestrian rank (rather than of senatorial rank). Three Roman legions garrisoned Egypt in the early Roman imperial period, with the garrison later reduced to two, alongside auxilia formations of the Roman army. Augustus introduced land reforms that enabled wider entitlement to private ownership of land (previously rare under the Ptolemaic cleruchy system of allotments under royal ownership) and the local administration reformed into a Roman liturgical system, in which land-owners were required to serve in local government. The status of Egypt's cities were increased, particularly the major towns of each nome (administrative region), known as a m\u0113tropolis (Koin\u0113 Greek: \u03BC\u03B7\u03C4\u03C1\u03CC\u03C0\u03BF\u03BB\u03B9\u03C2, lit.\u2009'mother city'). The m\u0113tropoleis were governed by magistrates drawn from the liturgy system; these magistrates, as in other Roman cities, practised euergetism and built public buildings. In 200/201, the emperor Septimius Severus (r. 193\u2013211) allowed to each metropolis, and to the city of Alexandria, a boul\u0113 (a Hellenistic town council). The Antonine Plague struck in the latter 2nd century, but Roman Egypt recovered by the 3rd century. Having escaped much of the Crisis of the Third Century, Roman Egypt fell under the control of the breakaway Palmyrene Empire after the invasion of Egypt by Zenobia in 269. The emperor Aurelian (r. 270\u2013275) successfully besieged Alexandria and recovered Egypt, as did Diocletian (r. 284\u2013305) in his 297\u2013298 campaign against the usurpers Domitius Domitianus and Achilleus. The inhabitants of Roman Egypt were divided by social class along ethnic and cultural lines. Roman citizens and citizens of Alexandria were exempted from the poll tax paid by the other inhabitants, the \"Egyptians\", and had other defined legal distinctions. Egyptians legally resident in the metropolis of the nomoi paid a reduced poll tax and had more privileges than other Egyptians, and within these m\u0113tropoleis there were the Hellenic socio-political \u00E9lite, who as an urban, land-owning aristocracy dominated Egypt by the 2nd and throughout the 3rd centuries through their large private estates. Most inhabitants were peasants, many working as tenant-farmers for high rents in kind, cultivating sacred land belonging to temples or public land formerly belonging to the Egyptian monarchy. The division between the rural life of the villages, where the Egyptian language was spoken, and the metropolis, where the citizens spoke Koine Greek and frequented the Hellenistic gymnasia, was the most significant cultural division in Roman Egypt, and was not dissolved by the Constitutio Antoniniana of 212, which made all free Egyptians Roman citizens. There was considerable social mobility however, accompanying mass urbanization, and participation in the monetized economy and literacy in Greek by the peasant population was widespread. In Late Antiquity, the administrative and economic reforms of Diocletian (r. 284\u2013305) coincided with the Christianization of the Roman Empire, especially the growth of Christianity in Egypt. After Constantine the Great gained control of Egypt from his erstwhile co-augustus Licinius (r. 308\u2013324), the emperors promoted Christianity. The latest stage of Egyptian language, Coptic, emerged as literary language among the Christians of Roman Egypt. Under Diocletian the frontier was moved downriver to the First Cataract of the Nile at Syene (Aswan), withdrawing from the Dodekaschoinos region. This southern frontier was largely peaceful for many centuries, as attested by serving military documents from the late 5th, 6th, and 7th centuries from garrisons at Syene, Philae, and Elephantine. These soldiers of the Late Roman army were likely limitanei, but regular units also served in Egypt, including the Scythae Iustiniani of Justinian the Great (r. 527\u2013565), known to have been stationed in the Thebaid. Constantine's currency reforms, including the introduction of the gold solidus, stabilized the economy and ensured Roman Egypt remained a monetized system, even in the rural economy. The trend towards private ownership of land became more pronounced in the 5th century and peaked in the 6th century, with large estates built up from many individual plots. Some large estates were owned by Christian churches, and smaller land-holders included those who were themselves both tenant farmers on larger estates and landlords of tenant-farmers working their own land. The First Plague Pandemic arrived in the Mediterranean Basin with the emergence of the Justinianic Plague at Pelusium in Roman Egypt in 541. Egypt ceased to be a part of the Roman Empire in 641, when it became part of the Rashidun Caliphate following the Muslim conquest of Egypt."@en . . "\u00C9gypte romaine et byzantine"@fr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Aegyptus (latin) var en romersk provins som Augustus skapade efter att ha er\u00F6vrat omr\u00E5det \u00E5r 31 f.Kr. Den innefattade st\u00F6rre delar av nuvarande Egypten f\u00F6rutom Sinaihalv\u00F6n samt delar av Libyen. Angr\u00E4nsande provinser var Cyrenaica i v\u00E4st och Arabia petraea i \u00F6st. Provinsen var en viktig producent av spannm\u00E5l till riket. Aegyptus hade en s\u00E4rst\u00E4llning bland Romarrikets provinser och r\u00E4knades som kejsarens privata egendom. Senaten hade inget inflytande \u00F6ver dess f\u00F6rvaltning och senatorer var rent av tvungna att beg\u00E4ra tillst\u00E5nd hos kejsaren f\u00F6r att \u00F6ver huvud taget bes\u00F6ka provinsen."@sv . . . . "Derafsh Kaviani flag of the late Sassanid Empire.svg"@en . . . "\u0645\u0635\u0631 (\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0629)"@ar . . . . "."@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u30A2\u30A8\u30AE\u30E5\u30D7\u30C8\u30A5\u30B9"@ja . . . . . . . . "Egipt rzymski"@pl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u516C\u5143\u524D30\u5E74\uFF0C\u5C4B\u5927\u7EF4\u5728\u51FB\u8D25\u5176\u52B2\u654C\u9A6C\u514B\u00B7\u5B89\u4E1C\u5C3C\uFF0C\u6D88\u6EC5\u4E86\u6258\u52D2\u5BC6\u57C3\u53CA\u4E4B\u5F8C\uFF0C\u5C06\u57C3\u53CA\u5730\u5340\u7EB3\u4E3A\u7F57\u9A6C\u7684\u4E00\u4E2A\u884C\u7701\u3002\u4F5C\u4E3A\u7F57\u9A6C\u884C\u7701\u7684\u57C3\u53CA\u5305\u62EC\u4E86\u9664\u897F\u5948\u534A\u5C9B\u4E4B\u5916\u73B0\u4ECA\u57C3\u53CA\u7684\u5927\u90E8\u3002\u57C3\u53CA\u884C\u7701\u897F\u90BB\u514B\u91CC\u7279\u548C\u6614\u5170\u5C3C\u52A0\u884C\u7701\uFF0C\u4E1C\u63A5\u72B9\u592A\u884C\u7701\uFF08\u540E\u4E3A\u963F\u62C9\u4F2F\u884C\u7701\uFF09\u3002\u57C3\u53CA\u884C\u7701\u662F\u7F57\u9A6C\u5E1D\u56FD\u6700\u91CD\u8981\u7684\u8C37\u7269\u751F\u4EA7\u5730\u3002"@zh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Aegyptus, lateinisch f\u00FCr \u00C4gypten, war von 30 v. Chr. bis zur islamischen Expansion 642 n. Chr. eine Provinz des r\u00F6mischen bzw. byzantinischen Reichs. Wegen des gro\u00DFen Reichtums \u00C4gyptens nahm sie unter den r\u00F6mischen Provinzen eine gewisse, fr\u00FCher jedoch oft \u00FCbersch\u00E4tzte Sonderstellung ein: \u00C4gypten galt als die Kornkammer des Imperiums."@de . . . . . . . . . . "none"@en . . "\u57C3\u53CA (\u7F85\u99AC\u884C\u7701)"@zh . . . . . . "Aegyptus"@de . . "Aegyptus, latine por Egiptio, de la jaro 30 anta\u016D Kristo \u011Dis la divido de la imperio dum la jaro 395 estis provinco de la Romia Imperio. Pro la granda ri\u0109eco de la antikva Egiptio la provinco havis specialan statuson inter la romiaj provincoj: \u011Ci konsideri\u011Dis la \u0109efa grenproduktejo de la imperio. Plej malfrue dum la jaro 210 anta\u016D Kristo, kiam meze de la Dua Punika Milito ekestis misrikolta jaro kaj granda malsatokrizo en Italio, kiu nur povis esti solvita per livero de granda kvanto de greno fare de la tiama egipta imperiestro Ptolemeo la 4-a, la romianoj konsciis pri la signifo de la re\u011Dolando \u0109e rivero Nilo. Dum la 1-a jarcento anta\u016D Kristo la ptolemea imperio en Egiptio tre malforti\u011Dis, kaj la imperiestro Ptolemeo la 11-a dum la jaro 80 anta\u016D Kristo konsideris post sia morto donaci la regnon al la romianoj. Ekde la jaro 55 anta\u016D Kristo la romia armeo havis da\u016Drajn fortika\u0135ojn en Egiptio, kaj la granda romanco inter la romia imperiestro Julio Cezaro kaj la egiptia re\u011Dino Kleopatra sendube havis politikajn motivojn. La grenori\u0109exo de Egiptio motivigis \u0109iun romian imperiestron de la jarcento la\u016Deble kontroli la landon. Tion sciis kaj tio motivigis anka\u016D Oktavianon, la pli postan romian imperiestron A\u016Dgusto Cezaro, kiu dum la jaro 30 anta\u016D Kristo sukcesis fine por Romio konkeri Egiption. Ekde tiam la provinco Aegyptus estis sub rekta regado de la romia imperiesto, kiu administris \u011Din pere de speciala prefekto."@eo . "496519"^^ . . . . "Aegyptus"@cs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\uC544\uC774\uAE41\uD22C\uC2A4(Aegyptus)\uB294 \uB85C\uB9C8 \uC81C\uAD6D\uC758 \uC18D\uC8FC \uC911 \uD558\uB098\uC774\uB2E4. \uC2DC\uB098\uC774\uBC18\uB3C4\uB97C \uC81C\uC678\uD55C \uD604\uC7AC\uC758 \uC774\uC9D1\uD2B8 \uB300\uBD80\uBD84\uC774 \uD3EC\uD568\uB418\uC5B4 \uC788\uC73C\uBA70, \uC11C\uCABD\uC73C\uB85C\uB294 \uD0A4\uB808\uB098\uC774\uCE74, \uB3D9\uCABD\uC73C\uB85C\uB294 \uC544\uB77C\uBE44\uC544 \uD398\uD2B8\uB77C\uC774\uC544\uC640 \uACBD\uACC4\uB97C \uB9C8\uC8FC\uD558\uACE0 \uC788\uB2E4. \uC774 \uC18D\uC8FC\uC758 \uC774\uB984\uC740 \uC6D0\uB798 \uB3C4\uC2DC \uC774\uB984\uC774\uC5C8\uC73C\uB098, \uB85C\uB9C8\uAC00 \uC810\uB839\uD55C \uB4A4\uB85C \uC18D\uC8FC \uC804\uCCB4\uC758 \uC774\uB984\uC73C\uB85C \uC778\uC2DD\uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uC774 \uC774\uB984\uC740 \uC624\uB298\uB0A0 \uC774\uC9D1\uD2B8\uB85C \uBC14\uB00C\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uAE30\uC6D0\uC804 30\uB144 \uD074\uB808\uC624\uD30C\uD2B8\uB77C\uC758 \uC8FD\uC74C\uACFC \uD568\uAED8 \uC774\uC9D1\uD2B8\uB294 \uB85C\uB9C8\uC758 \uD669\uC81C \uC18D\uC8FC \uC544\uC774\uAE41\uD22C\uC2A4\uB85C, \uB85C\uB9C8 \uD669\uC81C\uC5D0 \uC758\uD574 \uC9C1\uC811 \uC120\uD0DD\uB41C \uC9D1\uC815\uAD00\uC774 \uB2E4\uC2A4\uB9AC\uB294 \uC9C1\uD560\uC9C0\uAC00 \uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uC774 \uC9C0\uC5ED\uC758 \uCD1D\uB3C5\uC740 \uC6D0\uB85C\uC6D0 \uACC4\uAE09\uC774 \uC544\uB2C8\uB77C \uAE30\uC0AC \uACC4\uAE09 \uAC00\uC6B4\uB370\uC11C \uC784\uBA85\uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4."@ko . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "the myriad-named"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "myrionymos"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . "executor"@en . . . "the Roman Empire"@en . "Aegyptus"@eo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "camp commander"@en . "Northern Africa under Roman rule"@en . . . . . . . . . . "Roman Africa.JPG"@en . . . . . . . . . . . "Egito romano"@pt . "cattleherds of the demos"@en . "La prov\u00EDncia romana d'Egipte (Aegyptus) va ser el nom amb qu\u00E8 van denominar la regi\u00F3 d'Egipte durant l'Imperi Rom\u00E0. Despr\u00E9s de la mort de Cle\u00F2patra, i amb ella la de la dinastia Ptolemaica que havia governat la zona des de la mort d'Alexandre el Gran; Egipte va esdevenir part de l'Imperi Rom\u00E0 com a prov\u00EDncia governada per un prefecte nomenat per l'emperador entre els Magister equitum i no entre els senadors, per prevenir les interfer\u00E8ncies del Senat."@ca . . . . . . "Aegyptus"@la . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Osiris-Antinous in marble 2nd century CE at the Greco-Roman Museum in Alexandria Egypt AG.jpg"@en . . "30"^^ . . . . . . "basilik\u00F3s grammate\u00FAs"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . "4"^^ . . . "1"^^ . . . "Aegyptus neboli \u010Desky Egypt, latinsk\u00FDm cel\u00FDm n\u00E1zvem Provincia Aegypti (\u0159ecky \u1F10\u03C0\u03B1\u03C1\u03C7\u03AF\u03B1 \u0391\u1F30\u03B3\u03CD\u03C0\u03C4\u03BF\u03C5), bylo ve starov\u011Bku jm\u00E9no \u0159\u00EDmsk\u00E9 provincie, zahrnuj\u00EDc\u00ED p\u0159ev\u00E1\u017Enou \u010D\u00E1st modern\u00EDho Egypta s v\u00FDjimkou Sinajsk\u00E9ho poloostrova. \u0158\u00EDmsk\u00FD Egypt sousedil na z\u00E1pad\u011B s provinci\u00ED Kyrenaika a na v\u00FDchod\u011B s Arabi\u00ED Petraeou. \u00DAzem\u00ED Egypta p\u0159e\u0161lo pod \u0159\u00EDmskou nadvl\u00E1du v roce 30 p\u0159. n. l. pot\u00E9, co Octavianus (pozd\u011Bj\u0161\u00ED c\u00EDsa\u0159 Augustus) zavr\u0161il sv\u00E9 v\u00EDt\u011Bzstv\u00ED nad Kleopatrou a Marcem Antoniem v bitv\u011B u Actia z p\u0159edch\u00E1zej\u00EDc\u00EDho roku. V dob\u00E1ch panov\u00E1n\u00ED \u0158\u00EDman\u016F slou\u017Eil Egypt jako hlavn\u00ED producent obil\u00ED pro \u0158\u00EDm, \u010Dasto byl proto naz\u00FDv\u00E1n \u201Eobilnic\u00ED \u0159\u00ED\u0161e\u201C."@cs . . . . . . "\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062D\u062A \u0645\u0635\u0631 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062A\u064A\u0646\u064A\u0629: Aegyptus\u060C \u0628\u0627\u0644\u064A\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062E\u062A\u0644\u0637\u0629: \u0391\u1F34\u03B3\u03C5\u03C0\u03C4\u03BF\u03C2\u060C \u0648\u062A\u0646\u0637\u0642: \u0625\u064A\u062C\u0628\u062A\u0648\u0633) \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0641\u064A 30 \u0642.\u0645. \u0628\u0639\u062F \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u064E\u0632\u064E\u0645\u0651 \u0623\u0648\u0643\u062A\u0627\u0641\u064A\u0648\u0633 (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062A\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064A \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0623\u063A\u0633\u0637\u0633) \u062E\u0635\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0623\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0646\u064A \u0648\u0623\u0637\u0627\u062D \u0628\u0639\u0631\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u0648\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064A\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062A\u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0629. \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u062F\u064A\u062B\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062A\u062B\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u062C\u0632\u064A\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u064A\u0646\u0627\u0621\u060C \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u063A\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u062A\u0631\u0627\u062C\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u062D\u0642\u0627\u064B. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062A \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u062A\u062D\u062F \u0625\u064A\u062C\u0628\u062A\u0648\u0633 \u063A\u0631\u0628\u0627\u064B \u0648\u064A\u0647\u0648\u062F\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062A\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064A\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062D\u0642\u0627\u064B) \u0634\u0631\u0642\u0627\u064B. \u0648\u0635\u0644\u062A \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062C\u0627\u0626\u062D\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062D\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062D\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064A\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u0639 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0637\u0627\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u062C\u0633\u062A\u0646\u064A\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064A \u0645\u062F\u064A\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u060C \u0641\u064A \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 541."@ar . . . "Egito romano \u00E9 o nome utilizado para fazer refer\u00EAncia ao per\u00EDodo no qual a regi\u00E3o do Egito esteve sob o controle do Imp\u00E9rio Romano e de seu sucessor, o Imp\u00E9rio Bizantino. Neste per\u00EDodo, a prov\u00EDncia do Egito (em latim: Aegyptus; em grego: \u0391\u1F34\u03B3\u03C5\u03C0\u03C4\u03BF\u03C2; romaniz.: Aigyptos) passou por diversas transforma\u00E7\u00F5es. Ela foi criada em 30 a.C. depois que Otaviano (o futuro imperador Augusto) derrotou Marco Ant\u00F4nio e dep\u00F4s a amante dele, a rainha Cle\u00F3patra, do trono do Egito e anexou suas terras, encerrando definitivamente reino ptolemaico do Egito. A prov\u00EDncia abrangia a maior parte do territ\u00F3rio do moderno estado do Egito, com exce\u00E7\u00E3o da pen\u00EDnsula do Sinai, que seria conquistada por Trajano."@pt . . . . . . . . . . . . "Egypt"@en . . "grain collectors"@en . . . . . "Egipto (provincia romana)"@es . . "Egitto (provincia romana)"@it . . . . . . . . "k\u014Dmogrammate\u00FAs"@en . . . . . . . "Bronze portrait head of Hadrian"@en . . . . . . . . . . . "Ptolemaic-Empire 200bc.jpg"@en . . . . . . . . . . "royal secretary"@en . . . "Praefectus Augustalis"@en . . . "Hadrian and Antinous"@en . . . . . . . . "secretary of the kome"@en . . "La prov\u00EDncia romana d'Egipte (Aegyptus) va ser el nom amb qu\u00E8 van denominar la regi\u00F3 d'Egipte durant l'Imperi Rom\u00E0. Despr\u00E9s de la mort de Cle\u00F2patra, i amb ella la de la dinastia Ptolemaica que havia governat la zona des de la mort d'Alexandre el Gran; Egipte va esdevenir part de l'Imperi Rom\u00E0 com a prov\u00EDncia governada per un prefecte nomenat per l'emperador entre els Magister equitum i no entre els senadors, per prevenir les interfer\u00E8ncies del Senat. El principal inter\u00E8s dels romans en Egipte fou la tramesa de cereals a la ciutat de Roma. Per aconseguir-ho, l'administraci\u00F3 romana no va canviar el sistema ptolemaic de govern, encara que els romans van reempla\u00E7ar els grecs dels llocs de responsabilitat, per\u00F2 la llengua i la cultura grega es continuaren usant (el grec era l'idioma de l'administraci\u00F3 a excepci\u00F3 dels llocs m\u00E9s importants). A difer\u00E8ncia dels grecs, els romans no es van establir en gran quantitat. La cultura, l'educaci\u00F3 i la vida c\u00EDvica van mantenir-se gregues durant la dominaci\u00F3 romana. Els romans, com els Ptolemeus, respectaven i protegien la religi\u00F3 i els costums eg\u00EDpcis, tot i que el culte estatal i a l'emperador es va anar introduint gradualment. Aix\u00ED doncs, el prefecte es convert\u00ED en la m\u00E0xima autoritat imperial a Egipte, depenent directament de l'Emperador. Les castes establertes per la dinastia ptolemaica es mantingueren i encara es refor\u00E7aren, amb la divisi\u00F3 del treball que preval a grecs i jueus i, ara, els ciutadans romans. Els tributs en esp\u00E8cie, sobretot el blat, foren font important per a Roma. La cristianitzaci\u00F3 de la metr\u00F2poli s'estengu\u00E9 en la seva conquesta d'Egipte i el nou territori de l'Imperi vei\u00E9 ascendir el clergat cristi\u00E0, especialment al Patriarca d'Alexandria, als llocs m\u00E9s alts dintre de la nova societat. Despr\u00E9s de la divisi\u00F3 de l'Imperi de Diocleci\u00E0 l'Imperi Rom\u00E0 d'Orient, instal\u00B7lat a Constantinoble, succe\u00ED a Roma com a centre de poder de la prov\u00EDncia a partir del 395 en qu\u00E8 els dos imperis se separen ja de forma irreversible. La creaci\u00F3 de latifundis a conseq\u00FC\u00E8ncia de la crisi productora del segle iii s'accentu\u00E0 en aquest per\u00EDode amb grans concentracions de terres a les quals no \u00E9s aliena l'Esgl\u00E9sia cat\u00F2lica. Bizanci mantenia una forta pres\u00E8ncia militar amb la flota a Alexandria, per\u00F2 aix\u00F2 no va ser obstacle perqu\u00E8 en el 618 l'imperi Persa fes una incursi\u00F3 en territori egipci fins que definitivament el Califat omeia conquist\u00E9s el 639 el pa\u00EDs."@ca . . . . "Sasanian Egypt"@en . . . . . "Egipto (erromatar probintzia)"@eu . . . . . . "Egipto Erromako probintzia bihurtu zen K.a. 30ean, Kleopatraren heriotzaren ostean. Enperadoreak equites taldekoen artean (eta ez senatarien artean) hautatutako prefektuak gobernatzen zuen Egipto, Senatuko esku-sartzeak saihesten nahi baitziren. Izan ere, oso eskualde garrantzitsua zen Egipto, Erromatar Inperioko gari hornitzaile nagusia baitzen. Hornidura hori eten eginez gero, matxinadak sortuko ziren Erromako behartsuen artean."@eu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0420\u0438\u043C\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0430 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0456\u043D\u0446\u0456\u044F \u0404\u0433\u0438\u043F\u0435\u0442 (\u0420\u0438\u043C\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0404\u0433\u0438\u043F\u0435\u0442) \u2014 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0456\u043D\u0446\u0456\u044F \u0420\u0438\u043C\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0457 \u0456\u043C\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u0437 30 \u0440. \u0434\u043E \u0420.\u0425. \u043F\u043E 641 \u0440., \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0456\u044F \u044F\u043A\u043E\u0457 \u043F\u0440\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u043E \u0437\u0431\u0456\u0433\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0437 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0456\u0454\u044E \u0441\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0404\u0433\u0438\u043F\u0442\u0443, \u0437\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u043D\u044F\u0442\u043A\u043E\u043C \u0421\u0438\u043D\u0430\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u0456\u0432\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0430. \u041D\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u043E\u0434\u0456 \u0432\u043E\u043D\u0430 \u043C\u0435\u0436\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0430 \u0437 \u041A\u0456\u0440\u0435\u043D\u0430\u0457\u043A\u043E\u044E, \u0430 \u043D\u0430 \u0441\u0445\u043E\u0434\u0456 \u0437 \u0410\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0456\u0454\u044E. \u0404\u0433\u0438\u043F\u0435\u0442 \u043F\u043E\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043F\u0438\u0432 \u043F\u0456\u0434 \u0432\u043B\u0430\u0434\u0443 \u0420\u0438\u043C\u0443 \u0443 30 \u0434\u043E \u0420.\u0425. \u043F\u0456\u0441\u043B\u044F \u0441\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0456 \u0446\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0456 \u041A\u043B\u0435\u043E\u043F\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0456 \u041C\u0430\u0440\u043A\u0430 \u0410\u043D\u0442\u043E\u043D\u0456\u044F."@uk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0415\u0433\u0438\u0301\u043F\u0435\u0442 (\u043B\u0430\u0442. Aegyptus [ae\u032F\u02C8\u0261\u028Fpt\u028As]) \u2014 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0438\u043D\u0446\u0438\u044F \u0420\u0438\u043C\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0438\u043C\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438, \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u044F \u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0439 \u043F\u0440\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438 \u0441\u043E\u0432\u043F\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043B\u0430 \u0441 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u043E\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0415\u0433\u0438\u043F\u0442\u0430, \u0437\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u043A\u043B\u044E\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435\u043C \u0421\u0438\u043D\u0430\u0439\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0443\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0430. \u041D\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043F\u0430\u0434\u0435 \u043E\u043D\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043B\u0430 \u0441 \u041A\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043D\u0430\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0439, \u0430 \u043D\u0430 \u0432\u043E\u0441\u0442\u043E\u043A\u0435 \u0441 \u0410\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0435\u0439. \u0415\u0433\u0438\u043F\u0435\u0442 \u043F\u043E\u043F\u0430\u043B \u043F\u043E\u0434 \u0432\u043B\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0420\u0438\u043C\u0430 \u0432 30 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0443 \u0434\u043E \u043D. \u044D., \u043F\u043E\u0441\u043B\u0435 \u0441\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438 \u0446\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0446\u044B \u041A\u043B\u0435\u043E\u043F\u0430\u0442\u0440\u044B VII \u0438 \u041C\u0430\u0440\u043A\u0430 \u0410\u043D\u0442\u043E\u043D\u0438\u044F."@ru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Rashidun Caliphate"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . "Egito romano \u00E9 o nome utilizado para fazer refer\u00EAncia ao per\u00EDodo no qual a regi\u00E3o do Egito esteve sob o controle do Imp\u00E9rio Romano e de seu sucessor, o Imp\u00E9rio Bizantino. Neste per\u00EDodo, a prov\u00EDncia do Egito (em latim: Aegyptus; em grego: \u0391\u1F34\u03B3\u03C5\u03C0\u03C4\u03BF\u03C2; romaniz.: Aigyptos) passou por diversas transforma\u00E7\u00F5es. Ela foi criada em 30 a.C. depois que Otaviano (o futuro imperador Augusto) derrotou Marco Ant\u00F4nio e dep\u00F4s a amante dele, a rainha Cle\u00F3patra, do trono do Egito e anexou suas terras, encerrando definitivamente reino ptolemaico do Egito. A prov\u00EDncia abrangia a maior parte do territ\u00F3rio do moderno estado do Egito, com exce\u00E7\u00E3o da pen\u00EDnsula do Sinai, que seria conquistada por Trajano. O Egito fazia fronteira com as prov\u00EDncias de Creta e Cirene para o oeste e com a Judeia para o leste quando foi criada. Mesmo antes de tornar-se uma prov\u00EDncia, o Egito era um dos grandes fornecedores de alimento para o Imp\u00E9rio Romano."@pt . . . . . . "\u30A2\u30A8\u30AE\u30E5\u30D7\u30C8\u30A5\u30B9\uFF08\u30E9\u30C6\u30F3\u8A9E: Aegyptus\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u53E4\u4EE3\u306E\u30A8\u30B8\u30D7\u30C8\u304C\u30ED\u30FC\u30DE\u5E1D\u56FD\u306E\u5C5E\u5DDE\u3060\u3063\u305F\u6642\u4EE3\u306E\u5730\u540D\u3067\u3001\u300C\u30A8\u30B8\u30D7\u30C8\uFF08Egypt\uFF09\u300D\u306E\u8A9E\u6E90\u3067\u3082\u3042\u308B\u3002\u30B7\u30CA\u30A4\u534A\u5CF6\u306F\u542B\u307E\u306A\u3044\u70B9\u3092\u9664\u3051\u3070\u3001\u5C5E\u5DDE\u306E\u9818\u57DF\u306F\u73FE\u5728\u306E\u30A8\u30B8\u30D7\u30C8\u3068\u307B\u3068\u3093\u3069\u540C\u3058\u3002\u897F\u5074\u306F\u30AD\u30E5\u30EC\u30CA\u30A4\u30AB\u5C5E\u5DDE\u3068\u96A3\u308A\u5408\u3044\u3001\u6771\u5074\u306F\u30A2\u30E9\u30D3\u30A2\u5C5E\u5DDE\u3068\u96A3\u308A\u5408\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305F\u3002 \u5143\u306F\u30D7\u30C8\u30EC\u30DE\u30A4\u30AA\u30B9\u671D\u304C\u652F\u914D\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305F\u304C\u3001\u7D00\u5143\u524D30\u5E74\u306B\u30AF\u30EC\u30AA\u30D1\u30C8\u30E97\u4E16\u3068\u30DE\u30EB\u30AF\u30B9\u30FB\u30A2\u30F3\u30C8\u30CB\u30A6\u30B9\u3092\u30AA\u30AF\u30BF\u30A6\u30A3\u30A2\u30CC\u30B9\uFF08\u306E\u3061\u306E\u521D\u4EE3\u30ED\u30FC\u30DE\u7687\u5E1D\u30A2\u30A6\u30B0\u30B9\u30C8\u30A5\u30B9\uFF09\u304C\u7834\u3063\u305F\u3053\u3068\u306B\u3088\u308A\u3001\u30ED\u30FC\u30DE\u306E\u652F\u914D\u4E0B\u306B\u5165\u3063\u305F\u3002\u307E\u305F\u30ED\u30FC\u30DE\u7687\u5E1D\u306E\u79C1\u9818\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u7687\u5E1D\u500B\u4EBA\u306E\u53CE\u5165\u6E90\u3068\u306A\u3063\u305F\u3002\u3053\u306E\u5730\u57DF\u306F\u3001\u30ED\u30FC\u30DE\u5E1D\u56FD\u306B\u3068\u3063\u3066\u91CD\u8981\u306A\u7A40\u7269\u306E\u4F9B\u7D66\u5730\u3068\u306A\u3063\u305F\u30027\u4E16\u7D00\u306B\u30A4\u30B9\u30E9\u30E0\u5E1D\u56FD\u306E\u652F\u914D\u4E0B\u306B\u5165\u3063\u305F\u3002"@ja . . "Aegyptus adalah provinsi Romawi yang didirikan pada tahun 30 SM setelah Octavianus (yang akan menjadi Kaisar Augustus) mengalahkan musuhnya Mark Antony, menggulingkan kekasih Mark Anthony ratu Cleopatra VII, dan menguasai Mesir. Provinsi ini meliputi sebagian besar Mesir modern kecuali Semenanjung Sinai (yang akan ditaklukan oleh Trajanus). Aegyptus berbatasan dengan provinsi di Barat dan di Timur. Provinsi ini merupakan penghasil gandum utama kekaisaran."@in . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Roman Egypt"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Aegyptus"@en . . . "L'Egitto fu uno dei pi\u00F9 importanti territori dell'Impero romano a partire dal 30 a.C., quando fu acquisito da Ottaviano Augusto, dopo la morte di Cleopatra d'Egitto."@it . . . . "Ptolemaic Kingdom"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "pr\u00E1kt\u014Dr"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . "The Roman Empire during the reign of Hadrian . Two legions were deployed in the imperial province of Aegyptus in the year 125."@en . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0415\u0433\u0438\u0301\u043F\u0435\u0442 (\u043B\u0430\u0442. Aegyptus [ae\u032F\u02C8\u0261\u028Fpt\u028As]) \u2014 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0438\u043D\u0446\u0438\u044F \u0420\u0438\u043C\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0438\u043C\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438, \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u044F \u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0439 \u043F\u0440\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438 \u0441\u043E\u0432\u043F\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043B\u0430 \u0441 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u043E\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0415\u0433\u0438\u043F\u0442\u0430, \u0437\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u043A\u043B\u044E\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435\u043C \u0421\u0438\u043D\u0430\u0439\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0443\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0430. \u041D\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043F\u0430\u0434\u0435 \u043E\u043D\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043B\u0430 \u0441 \u041A\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043D\u0430\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0439, \u0430 \u043D\u0430 \u0432\u043E\u0441\u0442\u043E\u043A\u0435 \u0441 \u0410\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0435\u0439. \u0415\u0433\u0438\u043F\u0435\u0442 \u043F\u043E\u043F\u0430\u043B \u043F\u043E\u0434 \u0432\u043B\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0420\u0438\u043C\u0430 \u0432 30 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0443 \u0434\u043E \u043D. \u044D., \u043F\u043E\u0441\u043B\u0435 \u0441\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438 \u0446\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0446\u044B \u041A\u043B\u0435\u043E\u043F\u0430\u0442\u0440\u044B VII \u0438 \u041C\u0430\u0440\u043A\u0430 \u0410\u043D\u0442\u043E\u043D\u0438\u044F."@ru . "Bronze bust of the Roman Emperor Hadrian 2nd century CE at the Greco-Roman Museum in Alexandria Egypt AG.jpg"@en . . . . . . . . . . "Conquest of Ptolemaic Kingdom"@en . . . . . . . . . "\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062D\u062A \u0645\u0635\u0631 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062A\u064A\u0646\u064A\u0629: Aegyptus\u060C \u0628\u0627\u0644\u064A\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062E\u062A\u0644\u0637\u0629: \u0391\u1F34\u03B3\u03C5\u03C0\u03C4\u03BF\u03C2\u060C \u0648\u062A\u0646\u0637\u0642: \u0625\u064A\u062C\u0628\u062A\u0648\u0633) \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0641\u064A 30 \u0642.\u0645. \u0628\u0639\u062F \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u064E\u0632\u064E\u0645\u0651 \u0623\u0648\u0643\u062A\u0627\u0641\u064A\u0648\u0633 (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062A\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064A \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0623\u063A\u0633\u0637\u0633) \u062E\u0635\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0623\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0646\u064A \u0648\u0623\u0637\u0627\u062D 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"Aegyptus, lateinisch f\u00FCr \u00C4gypten, war von 30 v. Chr. bis zur islamischen Expansion 642 n. Chr. eine Provinz des r\u00F6mischen bzw. byzantinischen Reichs. Wegen des gro\u00DFen Reichtums \u00C4gyptens nahm sie unter den r\u00F6mischen Provinzen eine gewisse, fr\u00FCher jedoch oft \u00FCbersch\u00E4tzte Sonderstellung ein: \u00C4gypten galt als die Kornkammer des Imperiums."@de . "La provincia romana de Egipto (en griego, \u0391\u1F34\u0263\u03C5\u03C0\u03C4\u03BF\u03C2; en lat\u00EDn, Aegyptus) fue una provincia del Imperio romano, que comprend\u00EDa la mayor parte del Egipto actual, exceptuando la pen\u00EDnsula del Sina\u00ED. La provincia de Cirenaica al oeste, y Judea (m\u00E1s tarde Palestina y Arabia P\u00E9trea) al este, ten\u00EDan frontera con Egipto. El \u00E1rea pas\u00F3 a estar bajo el dominio romano en el a\u00F1o 30 a. C., tras la derrota de Cleopatra y Marco Antonio por Octavio (el futuro emperador C\u00E9sar Augusto). Sirvi\u00F3 como el principal proveedor de trigo para el Imperio."@es . . . . . . . . . "Aegyptus neboli \u010Desky Egypt, latinsk\u00FDm cel\u00FDm n\u00E1zvem Provincia Aegypti (\u0159ecky \u1F10\u03C0\u03B1\u03C1\u03C7\u03AF\u03B1 \u0391\u1F30\u03B3\u03CD\u03C0\u03C4\u03BF\u03C5), bylo ve starov\u011Bku jm\u00E9no \u0159\u00EDmsk\u00E9 provincie, zahrnuj\u00EDc\u00ED p\u0159ev\u00E1\u017Enou \u010D\u00E1st modern\u00EDho Egypta s v\u00FDjimkou Sinajsk\u00E9ho poloostrova. \u0158\u00EDmsk\u00FD Egypt sousedil na z\u00E1pad\u011B s provinci\u00ED Kyrenaika a na v\u00FDchod\u011B s Arabi\u00ED Petraeou. \u00DAzem\u00ED Egypta p\u0159e\u0161lo pod \u0159\u00EDmskou nadvl\u00E1du v roce 30 p\u0159. n. l. pot\u00E9, co Octavianus (pozd\u011Bj\u0161\u00ED c\u00EDsa\u0159 Augustus) zavr\u0161il sv\u00E9 v\u00EDt\u011Bzstv\u00ED nad Kleopatrou a Marcem Antoniem v bitv\u011B u Actia z p\u0159edch\u00E1zej\u00EDc\u00EDho roku. V dob\u00E1ch panov\u00E1n\u00ED \u0158\u00EDman\u016F slou\u017Eil Egypt jako hlavn\u00ED producent obil\u00ED pro \u0158\u00EDm, \u010Dasto byl proto naz\u00FDv\u00E1n \u201Eobilnic\u00ED \u0159\u00ED\u0161e\u201C."@cs . . . "\u0415\u0433\u0438\u043F\u0435\u0442 (\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0441\u043A\u0430\u044F \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0438\u043D\u0446\u0438\u044F)"@ru . "Egipte (prov\u00EDncia romana)"@ca . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Egipt rzymski (\u0142ac. Aegyptus, stgr. \u0391\u1F34\u03B3\u03C5\u03C0\u03C4\u03BF\u03C2; A\u00EDgyptos) \u2013 okres w historii Egiptu, w kt\u00F3rym by\u0142 on cz\u0119\u015Bci\u0105 Cesarstwa Rzymskiego. Trwa\u0142 od momentu przekszta\u0142cenia Egiptu w rzymsk\u0105 prowincj\u0119 przez cesarza Augusta w roku 30 p.n.e. a\u017C do reform Dioklecjana pod koniec III w., kt\u00F3re uwa\u017Cane s\u0105 za pocz\u0105tek okresu bizanty\u0144skiego w historii Egiptu. Rzymska obecno\u015B\u0107 w Egipcie datuje si\u0119 co najmniej od 55 p.n.e., czyli momentu przywr\u00F3cenia rz\u0105d\u00F3w Ptolemeusza XII (80\u201351 p.n.e.) przez armi\u0119 namiestnika Syrii . Egipt ostatecznie sta\u0142 si\u0119 rzymsk\u0105 prowincj\u0105 wraz z obaleniem Kleopatry VII (51\u201330 p.n.e.) przez Oktawiana (27 p.n.e.\u201314 n.e.). W ramach imperium Egipt mia\u0142 szczeg\u00F3lny status, jako prowincja zarz\u0105dzana przez bezpo\u015Brednio odpowiedzialnego przed cesarzem prefekta w randze ekwity, do kt\u00F3rej senatorowie nie mieli nawet wst\u0119pu, oraz posiadaj\u0105ca odr\u0119bny system monetarny. Rzymskie panowanie w Egipcie cechowa\u0142a bezwzgl\u0119dna eksploatacja ekonomiczna, skoncentrowana przede wszystkim na zapewnieniu dostaw zbo\u017Ca dla Rzymu. Stopniowo doprowadzi\u0142a ona do ruiny Egiptu, kt\u00F3ry prze\u017Cywa\u0142 powa\u017Cne trudno\u015Bci gospodarcze ju\u017C w po\u0142owie II w. n.e., za\u015B dozna\u0142 zupe\u0142nego upadku w stuleciu nast\u0119pnym, co by\u0142o cz\u0119\u015Bci\u0105 obejmuj\u0105cego ca\u0142e cesarstwo kryzysu wieku III. Ponadto poprzez Egipt cesarstwo prowadzi\u0142o handel z basenem Oceanu Indyjskiego i niezwyk\u0142e bogactwo stolicy i g\u0142\u00F3wnego portu prze\u0142adunkowego rzymskiego Egiptu, Aleksandrii, wynika\u0142o m.in. z po\u015Brednictwa w tym handlu. Chocia\u017C pocz\u0105tek panowania rzymskiego cechowa\u0142 pewien kulturalny upadek, w p\u00F3\u017Aniejszym okresie Aleksandria odzyska\u0142a swoj\u0105 rol\u0119 kulturalnego centrum wschodniej cz\u0119\u015Bci Morza \u015Ar\u00F3dziemnego, o czym \u015Bwiadczy fakt, \u017Ce w mie\u015Bcie dzia\u0142ali tak wybitni my\u015Bliciele jak Orygenes czy Plotyn. Rzymianie podzielili ludno\u015B\u0107 Egiptu na zhierarchizowane grupy rzymskich obywateli, Grek\u00F3w i Egipcjan, pomi\u0119dzy kt\u00F3rymi przej\u015Bcie by\u0142o praktycznie niemo\u017Cliwe. Podczas gdy Rzymianie wraz z Grekami mieli by\u0107 cia\u0142em rz\u0105dz\u0105cym krajem, jedyn\u0105 rol\u0105 przeznaczon\u0105 dla tubylczych Egipcjan (z wyj\u0105tkiem nielicznych kap\u0142an\u00F3w) by\u0142a praca na roli. A\u017C do III wieku tradycyjna religia Egiptu odznacza\u0142a si\u0119 znaczn\u0105 \u017Cywotno\u015Bci\u0105, jednak kryzys III wieku poci\u0105gn\u0105\u0142 za sob\u0105 upadek \u015Bwi\u0105ty\u0144 i w ich miejsce na egipskiej wsi zacz\u0119\u0142o pojawia\u0107 si\u0119 chrze\u015Bcija\u0144stwo."@pl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Osiris-Antinous"@en . . . . . . . . . "Roman Egypt"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "L'Egitto fu uno dei pi\u00F9 importanti territori dell'Impero romano a partire dal 30 a.C., quando fu acquisito da Ottaviano Augusto, dopo la morte di Cleopatra d'Egitto."@it . . . "30"^^ . . . . . . . "Province of Aegyptus in AD 125"@en . .