"Reynolds v. Sims,"@en . . . "\u30EC\u30A4\u30CE\u30EB\u30BA\u5BFE\u30B7\u30E0\u30BA\u4E8B\u4EF6"@ja . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "1964"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . "The right to vote freely for the candidate of one's choice is of the essence of a democratic society, and any restrictions on that right strike at the heart of representative government. And the right of suffrage can be denied by a debasement or dilution of the weight of a citizen's vote just as effectively as by wholly prohibiting the free exercise of the franchise. [...] Undoubtedly, the right of suffrage is a fundamental matter in a free and democratic society. Especially since the right to exercise the franchise in a free and unimpaired manner is preservative of other basic civil and political rights, any alleged infringement of the right of citizens to vote must be carefully and meticulously scrutinized."@en . . . "Reynolds v. Sims"@en . "Colegrove v. Green, 328 U.S. 549"@en . . . . . . . . . . . "right"@en . . . . . . . . . . "Harlan"@en . . "Reynolds v. Sims, 377 U.S. 533 (1964), was a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court ruled that the electoral districts of state legislative chambers must be roughly equal in population. Along with Baker v. Carr (1962) and Wesberry v. Sanders (1964), it was part of a series of Warren Court cases that applied the principle of \"one person, one vote\" to U.S. legislative bodies."@en . . "Warren"@en . . . "\u30EC\u30A4\u30CE\u30EB\u30BA\u5BFE\u30B7\u30E0\u30BA\u4E8B\u4EF6\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E: Reynolds v. Sims), 377 U.S. 533\u306F\u30011964\u5E74\u306B\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u5408\u8846\u56FD\u6700\u9AD8\u88C1\u5224\u6240\u304C\u5404\u5DDE\u306E\u5DDE\u8B70\u4F1A\u306E\u9078\u6319\u533A\u306B\u3064\u3044\u3066\u9078\u6319\u533A\u306E\u4EBA\u53E3\u304C\u6982\u306D\u540C\u6C34\u6E96\u306B\u306A\u3063\u3066\u3044\u306A\u3051\u308C\u3070\u306A\u3089\u306A\u3044\u3001\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5224\u65AD\u3092\u4E0B\u3057\u305F\u4E8B\u4EF6\u3002 \u30A2\u30E9\u30D0\u30DE\u5DDE\u30B8\u30A7\u30D5\u30A1\u30FC\u30BD\u30F3\u90E1\u306E\u6709\u6A29\u8005\u305F\u3061\u304C\u3001\u30A2\u30E9\u30D0\u30DE\u5DDE\u8B70\u4F1A\u306E\u3092\u4E0D\u5F53\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u88C1\u5224\u306B\u8A34\u3048\u305F\u3002\u306F\u3001\u5404\u90E1\u306B\u5DDE\u8B70\u4F1A\u4E0B\u9662\u306E1\u8B70\u5E2D\u4EE5\u4E0A\u3092\u914D\u5206\u3057\u3001\u307E\u305F\u4E0A\u9662\u8B70\u54E1\u306E\u6570\u3068\u540C\u6570\u306E\u5C0F\u9078\u6319\u533A\u3092\u8A2D\u3051\u308B\u3053\u3068\u3092\u5B9A\u3081\u3066\u3044\u305F\u3002\u5F53\u6642\u306E\u306E\u9078\u6319\u533A\u306B\u306F\u30011\u7968\u306E\u91CD\u307F\u306B\u3001\u6700\u592741\u5BFE1\u306E\u683C\u5DEE\u304C\u751F\u3058\u3066\u3044\u305F\u3002 \u9078\u6319\u533A\u306E\u7DDA\u5F15\u304D\u5909\u66F4\u306F\u7D14\u7C8B\u306B\u653F\u6CBB\u7684\u554F\u984C\u3067\u3042\u308A\u53F8\u6CD5\u304C\u4ECB\u5165\u3059\u3079\u304D\u3067\u306F\u306A\u3044\u3001\u3068\u3059\u308B\u305D\u308C\u307E\u3067\u306E\u652F\u914D\u7684\u306A\u8A8D\u8B58\u306F\u3001\u65E2\u306B1962\u5E74\u306E, 369 U.S. 186)\u3067\u8986\u3055\u308C\u3066\u3044\u305F\u304C\u3001\u3053\u306E\u4E8B\u4EF6\u306E\u5224\u6C7A\u3067\u88C1\u5224\u6240\u306F\u3001\u4E0D\u9069\u6B63\u306A\u7DDA\u5F15\u304D\u306E\u3068\u308A\u308F\u3051\u3072\u3069\u3044\u5B9F\u4F8B\u3068\u898B\u306A\u3055\u308C\u3066\u3044\u305F\u3001\u307E\u305F\u5F53\u6642\u306E\u5171\u548C\u515A\u5DDE\u653F\u5E9C\u306E\u57FA\u76E4\u3092\u63FA\u308B\u304C\u3057\u304B\u306D\u306A\u3044\u6DF1\u523B\u306A\u72B6\u614B\u3068\u306A\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305F\u3001\u672C\u4EF6\u306E\u9078\u6319\u533A\u306E\u72B6\u614B\u3092\u662F\u6B63\u3059\u308B\u305F\u3081\u306B\u3001\u3055\u3089\u306B\u4E00\u6B69\u8E0F\u307F\u8FBC\u3093\u3060\u5224\u65AD\u3092\u793A\u3057\u305F\u3002\u3053\u306E\u5224\u6C7A\u4EE5\u524D\u306B\u306F\u3001\u90CA\u5916\u90FD\u5E02\u5316\u304C\u9032\u3093\u3060\u90E1\u90E8\u306F\u3001\u3057\u3070\u3057\u3070\u6975\u7AEF\u306A\u307E\u3067\u306B1\u7968\u304C\u8EFD\u304F\u3001\u8B70\u4F1A\u3067\u9069\u5207\u306B\u4EE3\u8868\u3055\u308C\u306A\u3044\u72B6\u614B\u306B\u9665\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305F\u3002\u30EC\u30A4\u30CE\u30EB\u30BA\u5BFE\u30B7\u30E0\u30BA\u4E8B\u4EF6\u5224\u6C7A\u4EE5\u524D\u306B\u3042\u3063\u305F\u6975\u7AEF\u306A1\u7968\u306E\u683C\u5DEE\u306B\u306F\u3001\u4EE5\u4E0B\u306E\u3088\u3046\u306A\u4F8B\u304C\u3042\u3063\u305F\u3002\uFF08\u5F53\u6642\u3001\u30A2\u30EA\u30BE\u30CA\u5DDE\u9078\u51FA\u306E\u6C11\u4E3B\u515A\u9023\u90A6\u4E0B\u9662\u8B70\u54E1\u3060\u3063\u305F\u306E\u8ABF\u67FB\u306B\u3088\u308B\u3002\uFF09 \n* \u3067\u306F\u3001\u3067\u6700\u5C11\u4EBA\u53E3\u306E\u9078\u6319\u533A\u306E\u4EBA\u53E3\u306F191\u4EBA\u3001\u6700\u5927\u4EBA\u53E3\u306E\u9078\u6319\u533A\u306F81,000\u4EBA\u3067\u30011\u7968\u306E\u91CD\u307F\u306B\u306F424\u500D\u306E\u683C\u5DEE\u304C\u3042\u3063\u305F\u3002 \n* \u3067\u306F\u3001\u3042\u308B\u753A\u304C\u4EBA\u53E33\u4EBA\u3067\u306B\u8B70\u54E1\u3092\u9001\u308A\u51FA\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305F\u306E\u306B\u5BFE\u3057\u3001\u5225\u306E\u5730\u533A\u3067\u304C3,244\u4EBA\u3067\u540C\u3058\u304F1\u4EBA\u306E\u8B70\u54E1\u3092\u9078\u51FA\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305F\u30021\u7968\u306E\u91CD\u307F\u306B\u306F1,081\u500D\u306E\u683C\u5DEE\u304C\u3042\u3063\u305F\u3053\u3068\u306B\u306A\u308B\u3002 \n* \u3067\u306F\u3001\u6700\u5C11\u4EBA\u53E3\u306E\u9078\u6319\u533A\u306E\u4EBA\u53E3\u306F165\u4EBA\u3001\u6700\u5927\u4EBA\u53E3\u306E\u9078\u6319\u533A\u306F32,380\u4EBA\u3067\u30011\u7968\u306E\u91CD\u307F\u306B\u306F196\u500D\u306E\u683C\u5DEE\u304C\u3042\u3063\u305F\u3002 \n* \u3067\u306F\u3001\u6700\u5C11\u4EBA\u53E3\u306E\u9078\u6319\u533A\u306E\u4EBA\u53E3\u306F36\u4EBA\u3001\u6700\u5927\u4EBA\u53E3\u306E\u9078\u6319\u533A\u306F35,000\u4EBA\u3067\u30011\u7968\u306E\u91CD\u307F\u306B\u306F1000\u500D\u306E\u683C\u5DEE\u304C\u3042\u3063\u305F\u3002 \n* \u4EBA\u53E3600\u4E07\u4EBA\u3060\u3063\u305F\u30AB\u30EA\u30D5\u30A9\u30EB\u30CB\u30A2\u5DDE\u30ED\u30B5\u30F3\u30BC\u30EB\u30B9\u90E1\u306F\u3001\u30AB\u30EA\u30D5\u30A9\u30EB\u30CB\u30A2\u5DDE\u8B70\u4F1A\u306E\u306B\u4EE3\u8868\u30921\u4EBA\u9001\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305F\u304C\u3001\u540C\u3058\u6642\u671F\u306B\u306F14,000\u4EBA\u306E\u4EBA\u53E3\u3067\u3084\u306F\u308A\u4EE3\u8868\u30921\u4EBA\u9001\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305F\u90E1\u304C\u3042\u3063\u305F\u30021\u7968\u306E\u91CD\u307F\u306B\u306F428\u500D\u306E\u683C\u5DEE\u304C\u3042\u3063\u305F\u3053\u3068\u306B\u306A\u308B\u3002 \n* \u3067\u306F\u3001\u3067\u6700\u5C11\u4EBA\u53E3\u306E\u9078\u6319\u533A\u306E\u4EBA\u53E3\u306F951\u4EBA\u3001\u6700\u5927\u4EBA\u53E3\u306E\u9078\u6319\u533A\u306F93,400\u4EBA\u3067\u30011\u7968\u306E\u91CD\u307F\u306B\u306F97\u500D\u306E\u683C\u5DEE\u304C\u3042\u3063\u305F\u3002 \n* \u30CD\u30D0\u30C0\u5DDE\u8B70\u4F1A\u306E\u3067\u306F\u3001\u4E00\u65B9\u3067\u9078\u6319\u533A\u4EBA\u53E3\u304C127,000\u4EBA\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8B70\u54E1\u3082\u3044\u308C\u3070\u3001568\u4EBA\u3057\u304B\u3044\u306A\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8B70\u54E1\u3082\u3042\u308A\u3001\u3053\u3046\u3057\u305F\u6975\u7AEF\u306A\u4EBA\u53E3\u306E\u9078\u6319\u533A\u304B\u3089\u9078\u3070\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u8B70\u54E1\u304C17\u540D\u3082\u304A\u308A\u30011\u7968\u306E\u91CD\u307F\u306B\u306F224\u500D\u306E\u683C\u5DEE\u304C\u3042\u3063\u305F\u3002 \u30A2\u30E9\u30D0\u30DE\u5DDE\u4E0A\u9662\u306E\u4E0D\u516C\u5E73\u3092\u6253\u3061\u5012\u3059\u5224\u6C7A\u3092\u51FA\u3057\u305F8\u540D\u306E\u5224\u4E8B\u306F\u3001\u306E\u539F\u5247\u306B\u5F93\u3063\u3066\u5224\u65AD\u3092\u4E0B\u3057\u305F\u3002\u5224\u6C7A\u306E\u591A\u6570\u610F\u898B\u306E\u4E2D\u3067\u6700\u9AD8\u88C1\u5224\u6240\u9577\u5B98\u30A2\u30FC\u30EB\u30FB\u30A6\u30A9\u30FC\u30EC\u30F3\u306F\u3001 \u300C\u5DDE\u8B70\u4F1A\u306F\u4EBA\u6C11\u3092\u4EE3\u8868\u3059\u308B\u306E\u3067\u3042\u308A\u3001\u6A39\u6728\u3084\u9762\u7A4D\u3092\u4EE3\u8868\u3059\u308B\u306E\u3067\u306F\u306A\u3044\u3002\u5DDE\u8B70\u4F1A\u8B70\u54E1\u306F\u3001\u6295\u7968\u8005\u306B\u3088\u3063\u3066\u9078\u51FA\u3055\u308C\u308B\u306E\u3067\u3042\u308A\u3001\u8FB2\u5834\u3084\u90FD\u5E02\u3084\u7D4C\u6E08\u7684\u5229\u5BB3\u306B\u3088\u3063\u3066\u9078\u51FA\u3055\u308C\u308B\u306E\u3067\u306F\u306A\u3044\u3002\u300D(People, not land or trees or pastures vote) \u3068\u8FF0\u3079\u305F\u3002 \u5224\u4E8B\u306F\u3001\u672C\u4EF6\u3067\u6CD5\u5EF7\u306B\u63D0\u51FA\u3055\u308C\u305F\u4E8B\u6848\u306E\u591A\u304F\u304C\u8A00\u8A9E\u9053\u65AD\u306B\u975E\u6C11\u4E3B\u7684\u3067\u3042\u308A\u3001\u5E73\u7B49\u4FDD\u8B77(\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u5408\u8846\u56FD\u61B2\u6CD5\u4FEE\u6B63\u7B2C14\u6761)\u306B\u660E\u767D\u306B\u9055\u53CD\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3001\u3068\u3057\u305F\u4E0A\u3067\u3001\u9078\u6319\u533A\u306E\u5272\u308A\u5F53\u3066\u306B\u3064\u3044\u3066\u4E00\u822C\u7684\u306A\u5408\u7406\u6027\u306E\u5224\u65AD\u3092\u8D85\u3048\u305F\u6307\u91DD\u3092\u793A\u3059\u3053\u3068\u306F\u53F8\u6CD5\u306E\u52D9\u3081\u3067\u306F\u306A\u3044\u3001\u3068\u3059\u308B\u7570\u8B70\u3092\u8FF0\u3079\u305F\u3002\u30B9\u30C1\u30E5\u30EF\u30FC\u30C8\u5224\u4E8B\u306F\u3001\u30B3\u30ED\u30E9\u30C9\u5DDE\u3084\u30CB\u30E5\u30FC\u30E8\u30FC\u30AF\u5DDE\u306E\u540C\u69D8\u306E\u4E8B\u4EF6\u3067\u3082\u591A\u6570\u610F\u898B\u306B\u53CD\u5BFE\u3057\u305F\u3002\u5224\u4E8B\u306F\u3001\u30B9\u30C1\u30E5\u30EF\u30FC\u30C8\u5224\u4E8B\u306E\u7570\u8B70\u3092\u652F\u6301\u3057\u305F\u304C\u3001\u30B3\u30ED\u30E9\u30C9\u5DDE\u3084\u30CB\u30E5\u30FC\u30E8\u30FC\u30AF\u5DDE\u306E\u4E8B\u4EF6\u3067\u306F\u30B9\u30C1\u30E5\u30EF\u30FC\u30C8\u5224\u4E8B\u306B\u540C\u8ABF\u305B\u305A\u3001\u53CD\u5BFE\u306F\u3057\u306A\u304B\u3063\u305F\u3002 \u591A\u6570\u610F\u898B\u306B\u53CD\u5BFE\u3059\u308B\u5C11\u6570\u610F\u898B\u3092\u51FA\u3057\u305F\u5224\u4E8B\u306F\u3001\u591A\u6570\u610F\u898B\u306F\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u5408\u8846\u56FD\u61B2\u6CD5\u4FEE\u6B63\u7B2C14\u6761\u304C\u5B9A\u3081\u308B\u306E\u672C\u6765\u306E\u76EE\u7684\u3092\u7121\u8996\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3001\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u306E\u7ACB\u5834\u304B\u3089\u3001\u3053\u306E\u6761\u9805\u306F\u6295\u7968\u6A29\u306B\u306F\u53CA\u3070\u306A\u3044\u3001\u3068\u3057\u3066\u53B3\u3057\u3044\u975E\u96E3\u3092\u5C55\u958B\u3057\u305F\u3002\u30CF\u30FC\u30E9\u30F3\u306F\u3001\u6700\u9AD8\u88C1\u5224\u6240\u304C\u72EC\u81EA\u306E\u300C\u5584\u304D\u653F\u5E9C\u300D\u306E\u6982\u5FF5\u3092\u5404\u5DDE\u306B\u62BC\u3057\u4ED8\u3051\u308B\u306E\u3067\u3042\u308C\u3070\u3001\u305D\u308C\u306F\u5275\u9020\u6027\u3092\u7A92\u606F\u3055\u305B\u3001\u9023\u90A6\u4E3B\u7FA9\u3092\u72AF\u3059\u3053\u3068\u306B\u306A\u308B\u3001\u3068\u4E3B\u5F35\u3057\u305F\u3002\u30CF\u30FC\u30E9\u30F3\u306F\u3055\u3089\u306B\u3001\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u5408\u8846\u56FD\u61B2\u6CD5\u81EA\u4F53\u304C\u3001\u5404\u5DDE\u306B\u3001\u305D\u306E\u4EBA\u53E3\u306E\u591A\u5BE1\u306B\u95A2\u308F\u3089\u305A2\u540D\u306E\u9023\u90A6\u4E0A\u9662\u8B70\u54E1\u3092\u8A8D\u3081\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8E0F\u307E\u3048\u3001\u3082\u3057\u539F\u544A\u30EC\u30A4\u30CE\u30EB\u30BA\u304C\u6B63\u3057\u3044\u306E\u306A\u3089\u3001\u4EBA\u53E3\u304C\u307E\u3061\u307E\u3061\u3067\u3042\u308B\u5404\u5DDE\u306B\u4E0A\u96622\u8B70\u5E2D\u3092\u4E0E\u3048\u308B\u5236\u5EA6\u306E\u6B63\u5F53\u6027\u3082\u7591\u308F\u308C\u308B\u3053\u3068\u306B\u306A\u308B\u3001\u3068\u8AD6\u3058\u305F\u3002\u300C\u4E00\u4EBA\u4E00\u7968\u300D\u306E\u539F\u5247\u306F\u30011964\u5E74\u306E\u306E\u5224\u6C7A\u5F8C\u306B\u3001\u9023\u90A6\u4E0B\u9662\u306E\u9078\u6319\u533A\u5272\u308A\u306B\u53CD\u6620\u3055\u308C\u308B\u3053\u3068\u306B\u306A\u3063\u305F\u304C\u3001\u4E0A\u9662\u306B\u306F\u9069\u7528\u3055\u308C\u306A\u304B\u3063\u305F\u3002 \u30EC\u30A4\u30CE\u30EB\u30BA\u5BFE\u30B7\u30E0\u30BA\u4E8B\u4EF6\u306F\u3001\u56FD\u5185\u306B\u5927\u3005\u7684\u306A\u6CD5\u5F8B\u8AD6\u4E89\u3092\u5DFB\u304D\u8D77\u3053\u3057\u305F\u3002\u30A4\u30EA\u30CE\u30A4\u5DDE\u9078\u51FA\u306E\u5171\u548C\u515A\u306E\u4E0A\u9662\u8B70\u54E1\u30A8\u30F4\u30A1\u30EC\u30C3\u30C8\u30FB\u30C0\u30FC\u30AF\u30BB\u30F3\u306F\u3001\u4EBA\u53E3\u683C\u5DEE\u304C\u751F\u3058\u308B\u9078\u6319\u533A\u306E\u533A\u5272\u308A\u3092\u5BB9\u8A8D\u3059\u308B\u61B2\u6CD5\u4FEE\u6B63\u6761\u9805\u306E\u8FFD\u52A0\u3092\u6C42\u3081\u3001\u904B\u52D5\u3092\u5C55\u958B\u3057\u305F\u3002\u30C0\u30FC\u30AF\u30BB\u30F3\u306F\u3001\u6B21\u306E\u3088\u3046\u306B\u8FF0\u3079\u3066\u3001\u8B66\u544A\u3057\u305F\u3002 \u516C\u5171\u7684\u306A\u8AF8\u554F\u984C\u306B\u95A2\u3057\u3066\u3001\u308F\u304C\u56FD\u306E\u751F\u6D3B\u304C\u751F\u307F\u51FA\u3059\u529B\u306F\u3001\u5358\u306B\u4EBA\u53E3\u306B\u6BD4\u4F8B\u3057\u305F\u3082\u306E\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306F\u306A\u3044\u3002\u3082\u3057\u3001600\u4E07\u4EBA\u306E\u30B7\u30AB\u30B4\u5E02\u6C11\u304C\u3001100\u3082\u306E\u90E1\u90E8\u306B\u6563\u5728\u3059\u308B400\u4E07\u4EBA\u306E\u540C\u80DE\u304C\u62B1\u3048\u308B\u554F\u984C\u3092\u4E00\u9867\u3060\u306B\u3057\u306A\u3044\u307E\u307E\u3001\u30A4\u30EA\u30CE\u30A4\u5DDE\u8B70\u4F1A\u3092\u652F\u914D\u3059\u308B\u3068\u3057\u305F\u3089\u3069\u3046\u306A\u308B\u306E\u304B\u3002\u6700\u9AD8\u88C1\u5224\u6240\u306E\u65B0\u3057\u3044\u5224\u6C7A\u306E\u4E0B\u3067\u306F\u3001\u30AB\u30EA\u30D5\u30A9\u30EB\u30CB\u30A2\u5DDE\u306F\u30ED\u30B5\u30F3\u30BC\u30EB\u30B9\u3068\u30B5\u30F3\u30D5\u30E9\u30F3\u30B7\u30B9\u30B3\u306B\u3001\u30DF\u30B7\u30AC\u30F3\u5DDE\u306F\u30C7\u30C8\u30ED\u30A4\u30C8\u306B...\u652F\u914D\u3055\u308C\u3066\u3057\u307E\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306B\u306A\u308B\u3002 \u30C0\u30FC\u30AF\u30BB\u30F3\u306E\u8A66\u307F\u306F\u3001\u7D50\u5C40\u306E\u3068\u3053\u308D\u5931\u6557\u306B\u7D42\u308F\u3063\u305F\u3002"@ja . . . . . "--Chief Justice Earl Warren on the right to vote as the foundation of democracy in Reynolds v. Sims ."@en . . ""@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Black, Douglas, Brennan, White, Goldberg"@en . . . "27.0"^^ . . . . . . . "Appeal from the United States District Court for the Middle District of Alabama"@en . . . . "Clark"@en . "172800.0"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . "U.S. Const. amend. XIV"@en . . . . . . . . . "Stewart"@en . . . . . "padding:8px;"@en . . . . . . . . . . "Reynolds v. Sims"@en . . . . "16592"^^ . "1963"^^ . . "State senate districts must have roughly equal populations based on the principle of \"one person, one vote\"."@en . . . . "533"^^ . . "Reynolds v. Sims, 377 U.S. 533 (1964), was a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court ruled that the electoral districts of state legislative chambers must be roughly equal in population. Along with Baker v. Carr (1962) and Wesberry v. Sanders (1964), it was part of a series of Warren Court cases that applied the principle of \"one person, one vote\" to U.S. legislative bodies. Prior to the case, numerous state legislative chambers had districts containing unequal populations; for example, in the Nevada Senate, the smallest district had 568 people, while the largest had approximately 127,000 people. Some states refused to engage in regular redistricting, while others enshrined unequal representation in state constitutions. The case of Reynolds v. Sims arose after voters in Birmingham, Alabama, challenged the apportionment of the Alabama Legislature; the Constitution of Alabama provided for one state senator per county regardless of population differences. In a majority opinion joined by five other justices, Chief Justice Earl Warren ruled that the Fourteenth Amendment's Equal Protection Clause requires states to establish state legislative electoral districts roughly equal in population. Warren held that \"legislators represent people, not trees or acres. Legislators are elected by voters, not farms or cities or economic interests.\" In his dissenting opinion, Associate Justice John Marshall Harlan II argued that the Equal Protection Clause was not designed to apply to voting rights. The decision had a major impact on state legislatures, as many states had to change their system of representation."@en . . . . "November"@en . . . . . . "855488"^^ . . . . . "\u30EC\u30A4\u30CE\u30EB\u30BA\u5BFE\u30B7\u30E0\u30BA\u4E8B\u4EF6\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E: Reynolds v. Sims), 377 U.S. 533\u306F\u30011964\u5E74\u306B\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u5408\u8846\u56FD\u6700\u9AD8\u88C1\u5224\u6240\u304C\u5404\u5DDE\u306E\u5DDE\u8B70\u4F1A\u306E\u9078\u6319\u533A\u306B\u3064\u3044\u3066\u9078\u6319\u533A\u306E\u4EBA\u53E3\u304C\u6982\u306D\u540C\u6C34\u6E96\u306B\u306A\u3063\u3066\u3044\u306A\u3051\u308C\u3070\u306A\u3089\u306A\u3044\u3001\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5224\u65AD\u3092\u4E0B\u3057\u305F\u4E8B\u4EF6\u3002 \u30A2\u30E9\u30D0\u30DE\u5DDE\u30B8\u30A7\u30D5\u30A1\u30FC\u30BD\u30F3\u90E1\u306E\u6709\u6A29\u8005\u305F\u3061\u304C\u3001\u30A2\u30E9\u30D0\u30DE\u5DDE\u8B70\u4F1A\u306E\u3092\u4E0D\u5F53\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u88C1\u5224\u306B\u8A34\u3048\u305F\u3002\u306F\u3001\u5404\u90E1\u306B\u5DDE\u8B70\u4F1A\u4E0B\u9662\u306E1\u8B70\u5E2D\u4EE5\u4E0A\u3092\u914D\u5206\u3057\u3001\u307E\u305F\u4E0A\u9662\u8B70\u54E1\u306E\u6570\u3068\u540C\u6570\u306E\u5C0F\u9078\u6319\u533A\u3092\u8A2D\u3051\u308B\u3053\u3068\u3092\u5B9A\u3081\u3066\u3044\u305F\u3002\u5F53\u6642\u306E\u306E\u9078\u6319\u533A\u306B\u306F\u30011\u7968\u306E\u91CD\u307F\u306B\u3001\u6700\u592741\u5BFE1\u306E\u683C\u5DEE\u304C\u751F\u3058\u3066\u3044\u305F\u3002 \u9078\u6319\u533A\u306E\u7DDA\u5F15\u304D\u5909\u66F4\u306F\u7D14\u7C8B\u306B\u653F\u6CBB\u7684\u554F\u984C\u3067\u3042\u308A\u53F8\u6CD5\u304C\u4ECB\u5165\u3059\u3079\u304D\u3067\u306F\u306A\u3044\u3001\u3068\u3059\u308B\u305D\u308C\u307E\u3067\u306E\u652F\u914D\u7684\u306A\u8A8D\u8B58\u306F\u3001\u65E2\u306B1962\u5E74\u306E, 369 U.S. 186)\u3067\u8986\u3055\u308C\u3066\u3044\u305F\u304C\u3001\u3053\u306E\u4E8B\u4EF6\u306E\u5224\u6C7A\u3067\u88C1\u5224\u6240\u306F\u3001\u4E0D\u9069\u6B63\u306A\u7DDA\u5F15\u304D\u306E\u3068\u308A\u308F\u3051\u3072\u3069\u3044\u5B9F\u4F8B\u3068\u898B\u306A\u3055\u308C\u3066\u3044\u305F\u3001\u307E\u305F\u5F53\u6642\u306E\u5171\u548C\u515A\u5DDE\u653F\u5E9C\u306E\u57FA\u76E4\u3092\u63FA\u308B\u304C\u3057\u304B\u306D\u306A\u3044\u6DF1\u523B\u306A\u72B6\u614B\u3068\u306A\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305F\u3001\u672C\u4EF6\u306E\u9078\u6319\u533A\u306E\u72B6\u614B\u3092\u662F\u6B63\u3059\u308B\u305F\u3081\u306B\u3001\u3055\u3089\u306B\u4E00\u6B69\u8E0F\u307F\u8FBC\u3093\u3060\u5224\u65AD\u3092\u793A\u3057\u305F\u3002\u3053\u306E\u5224\u6C7A\u4EE5\u524D\u306B\u306F\u3001\u90CA\u5916\u90FD\u5E02\u5316\u304C\u9032\u3093\u3060\u90E1\u90E8\u306F\u3001\u3057\u3070\u3057\u3070\u6975\u7AEF\u306A\u307E\u3067\u306B1\u7968\u304C\u8EFD\u304F\u3001\u8B70\u4F1A\u3067\u9069\u5207\u306B\u4EE3\u8868\u3055\u308C\u306A\u3044\u72B6\u614B\u306B\u9665\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305F\u3002\u30EC\u30A4\u30CE\u30EB\u30BA\u5BFE\u30B7\u30E0\u30BA\u4E8B\u4EF6\u5224\u6C7A\u4EE5\u524D\u306B\u3042\u3063\u305F\u6975\u7AEF\u306A1\u7968\u306E\u683C\u5DEE\u306B\u306F\u3001\u4EE5\u4E0B\u306E\u3088\u3046\u306A\u4F8B\u304C\u3042\u3063\u305F\u3002\uFF08\u5F53\u6642\u3001\u30A2\u30EA\u30BE\u30CA\u5DDE\u9078\u51FA\u306E\u6C11\u4E3B\u515A\u9023\u90A6\u4E0B\u9662\u8B70\u54E1\u3060\u3063\u305F\u306E\u8ABF\u67FB\u306B\u3088\u308B\u3002\uFF09 \u3068\u8FF0\u3079\u305F\u3002"@ja . . . . "--06-15"^^ . . . "Reynolds, Judge, et al. v. Sims, et al."@en . . . "Reynolds, Judge, et al. v. Sims, et al."@en . . . . "377"^^ . . . . . "1124195326"^^ . . .