. "Ren\u00E9-Louis de Girardin, marquis de Vauvray, n\u00E9 le 24 f\u00E9vrier 1735 \u00E0 Paris et mort le 20 septembre 1808 \u00E0 Vernouillet (Yvelines), est un paysagiste et militaire fran\u00E7ais. Apr\u00E8s une br\u00E8ve carri\u00E8re militaire, il devient en 1766 seigneur d'Ermenonville. Il fut un admirateur et un ami de Jean-Jacques Rousseau dont sa philosophie du retour \u00E0 la nature transparait dans ses \u0153uvres paysag\u00E8res. Il est ainsi le cr\u00E9ateur des jardins d'Ermenonville, premier jardin \u00E0 l'anglaise sur le continent. Ce dernier fut \u00E0 l'origine de la mode des jardins paysagers anglo-chinois et exer\u00E7a une influence sur la cr\u00E9ation de parcs jusqu'au milieu du XIXe si\u00E8cle. Girardin avait aussi des ambitions de r\u00E9formateur social et de musicien, entre autres, mais ne laissa aucune \u0153uvre d'envergure de ses autres domaines d'activit\u00E9s intellectuelles."@fr . . . . . . . . "Ren\u00E9-Louis de Girardin"@fr . "1117653114"^^ . . . . "\u0420\u0435\u043D\u0435 \u041B\u0443\u0438, \u043C\u0430\u0440\u043A\u0438\u0437 \u0434\u0435 \u0416\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0440\u0434\u0435\u043D (\u0444\u0440. Ren\u00E9 Louis de Girardin, 24 \u0444\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u043B\u044F 1735, \u041F\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0436 \u2014 20 \u0441\u0435\u043D\u0442\u044F\u0431\u0440\u044F 1808) \u2014 \u0444\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0446\u0443\u0437\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u043E\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0438 \u043F\u0443\u0431\u043B\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0441\u0442. \u0421\u043B\u0443\u0436\u0438\u043B \u0432\u043E \u0444\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0446\u0443\u0437\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0430\u0440\u043C\u0438\u0438, \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043C \u2014 \u043F\u0440\u0438 \u0434\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0435 \u0431\u044B\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043E \u043F\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043A\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043B\u044F \u0421\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0441\u043B\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u041B\u0435\u0449\u0438\u043D\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0432 \u041D\u0430\u043D\u0441\u0438. \u041E\u0442\u043B\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043B\u0441\u044F \u0432 \u0421\u0435\u043C\u0438\u043B\u0435\u0442\u043D\u0435\u0439 \u0432\u043E\u0439\u043D\u0435. \u0412 \u0435\u0433\u043E \u0438\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0438 \u0428\u0430\u0442\u043E \u0434\u0435 \u042D\u0440\u043C\u0435\u043D\u043E\u043D\u0432\u0438\u043B\u044C (\u0432 \u0434\u0435\u043F\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0435 \u0423\u0430\u0437\u044B) \u043D\u0430\u0448\u0451\u043B \u043F\u0440\u0438\u044E\u0442 \u0432 \u043F\u043E\u0441\u043B\u0435\u0434\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u043D\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u043E\u0435\u0439 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043D\u0438 \u0416\u0430\u043D \u0416\u0430\u043A \u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043E. \u0415\u0433\u043E \u0441\u043E\u0447\u0438\u043D\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F De la composition des paysages (1777) \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043D\u044B \u043F\u043E\u0447\u0442\u0438 \u043D\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0435\u0432\u0440\u043E\u043F\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0435 \u044F\u0437\u044B\u043A\u0438. \u0418\u043C\u0435\u043B 4 \u0441\u044B\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0435\u0439 \u0438 2 \u0434\u043E\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0439, \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043D\u0438\u0445: \n* \u0421\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0441\u043B\u0430\u0441 (1762\u20141827) \u2014 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043A \u0438 \u043F\u0443\u0431\u043B\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0441\u0442; \n* \u0410\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0441\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0440 (1776\u20141855) \u2014 \u0433\u0435\u043D\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043B."@ru . "1808"^^ . . . . . . . . . . "\u0416\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0440\u0434\u0435\u043D, \u0420\u0435\u043D\u0435 \u041B\u0443\u0438 \u0434\u0435"@ru . . . . . . "\u0420\u0435\u043D\u0435 \u041B\u0443\u0438, \u043C\u0430\u0440\u043A\u0438\u0437 \u0434\u0435 \u0416\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0440\u0434\u0435\u043D (\u0444\u0440. Ren\u00E9 Louis de Girardin, 24 \u0444\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u043B\u044F 1735, \u041F\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0436 \u2014 20 \u0441\u0435\u043D\u0442\u044F\u0431\u0440\u044F 1808) \u2014 \u0444\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0446\u0443\u0437\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u043E\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0438 \u043F\u0443\u0431\u043B\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0441\u0442. \u0421\u043B\u0443\u0436\u0438\u043B \u0432\u043E \u0444\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0446\u0443\u0437\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0430\u0440\u043C\u0438\u0438, \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043C \u2014 \u043F\u0440\u0438 \u0434\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0435 \u0431\u044B\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043E \u043F\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043A\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043B\u044F \u0421\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0441\u043B\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u041B\u0435\u0449\u0438\u043D\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0432 \u041D\u0430\u043D\u0441\u0438. \u041E\u0442\u043B\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043B\u0441\u044F \u0432 \u0421\u0435\u043C\u0438\u043B\u0435\u0442\u043D\u0435\u0439 \u0432\u043E\u0439\u043D\u0435. \u0412 \u0435\u0433\u043E \u0438\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0438 \u0428\u0430\u0442\u043E \u0434\u0435 \u042D\u0440\u043C\u0435\u043D\u043E\u043D\u0432\u0438\u043B\u044C (\u0432 \u0434\u0435\u043F\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0435 \u0423\u0430\u0437\u044B) \u043D\u0430\u0448\u0451\u043B \u043F\u0440\u0438\u044E\u0442 \u0432 \u043F\u043E\u0441\u043B\u0435\u0434\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u043D\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u043E\u0435\u0439 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043D\u0438 \u0416\u0430\u043D \u0416\u0430\u043A \u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043E. \u0415\u0433\u043E \u0441\u043E\u0447\u0438\u043D\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F De la composition des paysages (1777) \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043D\u044B \u043F\u043E\u0447\u0442\u0438 \u043D\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0435\u0432\u0440\u043E\u043F\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0435 \u044F\u0437\u044B\u043A\u0438. \u0418\u043C\u0435\u043B 4 \u0441\u044B\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0435\u0439 \u0438 2 \u0434\u043E\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0439, \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043D\u0438\u0445: \n* \u0421\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0441\u043B\u0430\u0441 (1762\u20141827) \u2014 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043A \u0438 \u043F\u0443\u0431\u043B\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0441\u0442; \n* \u0410\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0441\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0440 (1776\u20141855) \u2014 \u0433\u0435\u043D\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043B."@ru . . "22462650"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Ren\u00E9 Louis de Girardin (* 24. Februar 1735 in Paris; \u2020 20. September 1808 in Vernouillet, D\u00E9partement Yvelines), K\u00FCnstlername auch Ren\u00E9 Louis G\u00E9rardin, war ein franz\u00F6sischer Marquis, Sch\u00F6pfer des Parks von Ermenonville und Schriftsteller. Er vertrat sozialreformerische Ideen und war ein Freund Jean-Jacques Rousseaus."@de . . . . "Ren\u00E9 Louis de Girardin (25 de febrero de 1735-1808), marqu\u00E9s de Vauvray, fue \u00FAltimo alumno de Jean-Jacques Rousseau, cuyo pensamiento le influy\u00F3 mucho. Cre\u00F3 el primer jard\u00EDn paisajista franc\u00E9s en Ermenonville y escribi\u00F3 el libro De la composici\u00F3n des paysages (1777), que tuvo gran influencia en el estilo del jard\u00EDn paisajista franc\u00E9s moderno. Girardin era descendiente de la antigua familia florentina Gherardini. En 1762 hered\u00F3 el t\u00EDtulo de Marqu\u00E9s de Vauvray y la fortuna de su madre (ella era la hija de Ren\u00E9 Hatte, el principal recaudador de impuestos para Luis XV). Las sucesiones incluidos 300.000 libras y las 800 hect\u00E1reas (2.000 acres) de bienes de Ermenonville. Sus propiedades le trajo un ingreso de alrededor de 100.000 libras al a\u00F1o. Girardin se convirti\u00F3 en un oficial del ej\u00E9rcito de Luis XV y sirvi\u00F3 hasta el final de la Guerra de Siete A\u00F1os. Luego dej\u00F3 el ej\u00E9rcito y fue a Lun\u00E9ville, donde se uni\u00F3 a la corte polaca de Estanislao I Leszczynski. En 1761 se cas\u00F3 con C\u00E9cile Brigitte Adelaide Berthelot, hija del mariscal de campo y de la armada de Lorena. Tuvieron cuatro hijos y dos hijas. El hijo mayor, C\u00E9cile Stanislas-Xavier (nacido en 1762), era el ahijado del rey Estanislao y se convirti\u00F3 en una importante figura pol\u00EDtica durante la Revoluci\u00F3n Francesa y miembro de la Asamblea Nacional de Francia desde 1791 hasta 1792. Girardin dej\u00F3 la corte polaca despu\u00E9s de que en el teatro del rey se represent\u00F3 una obra en la cual se ridiculizaban las ideas de Rousseau. \u00C9l viaj\u00F3 durante tres a\u00F1os, visit\u00F3 Italia, Suiza, Alemania e Inglaterra, donde vio la finca de . No le gust\u00F3mucho el actualmente conocido como Stowe Landscape Gardens porque sent\u00EDa que era contrario a la naturaleza por ser una colecci\u00F3n de diferentes estilos. Pero Girardin admiraba el jard\u00EDn ingl\u00E9s que el poeta William Shenstone, y tambi\u00E9n te\u00F3rico de la jardiner\u00EDa, proyect\u00F3 y es conocido como The Leasowes, el cual fue uno de los primeros jardines plantado seg\u00FAn la est\u00E9tica inglesa."@es . . . . "A contemporary portrait of Girardin"@en . . . . "10858"^^ . . . "Ren\u00E9 Louis de Girardin (February 25, 1735 \u2013 1808), Marquis of Vauvray, was Jean-Jacques Rousseau's last pupil. He created the first French landscape garden at Ermenonville. It was inspired by Rousseau's ideas. De Girardin was the author of De la composition des paysages (1777), which strongly influenced the style of the modern French landscape garden. Girardin was descended from the old Florentine Gherardini family. In 1762 he inherited his title of Marquis of Vauvray and his mother's fortune (she was the daughter of Ren\u00E9 Hatte, the chief tax collector for Louis XV). The inheritance included 300,000 livres and the 800-hectare (2,000-acre) estate of Ermenonville. His estates brought him an income of about 100,000 livres a year. Girardin became an officer in Louis XV's army and served until the end of the Seven Years' War. He then left the army and went to Lun\u00E9ville, where he joined the Polish Court of King Stanislas Leszczynski. In 1761 he married C\u00E9cile Brigitte Ad\u00E9laide Berthelot, daughter of the mar\u00E9chal des camps et arm\u00E9es of Lorraine. They had four sons and two daughters. The eldest son, (born 1762), was the godson of King Stanislas and became an important political figure during the French Revolution and a member of the French National Assembly from 1791 to 1792. Girardin left the Polish court after the king's theater presented a play ridiculing Rousseau's ideas. He traveled for three years, visited Italy, Switzerland, Germany and England, where he saw Stowe. He didn't like Stowe much because he felt it contrary to nature in its collection of different styles. But Girardin greatly admired the English poet William Shenstone's garden at The Leasowes."@en . . . . "Ren\u00E9 Louis de Girardin"@de . . "\u30EB\u30CD\u30FB\u30EB\u30FB\u30C9\u30FB\u30B8\u30E9\u30EB\u30C0\u30F3 \uFF081735\u5E742\u670825\u65E5 \u2013 1808\u5E74\u3001Ren\u00E9 de Girardin, \u30EB\u30CD\uFF1D\u30EB\u30A4\u30FB\u30C9\u30FB\u30B8\u30E9\u30EB\u30C0\u30F3\uFF09\u30F4\u30A9\u30FC\u30F4\u30A9\u30FC\u306E\u4FAF\u7235\u306F\u3001\u30B8\u30E3\u30F3=\u30B8\u30E3\u30C3\u30AF\u30FB\u30EB\u30BD\u30FC\u306E\u6700\u5F8C\u306E\u4F7F\u5F92\u3067\u5F7C\u306F\u30A8\u30EB\u30E0\u30CE\u30F3\u30F4\u30A3\u30EB\uFF08Ermenonville\uFF09\u306B\u30D5\u30E9\u30F3\u30B9\u6700\u521D\u306E\u98A8\u666F\u5F0F\u5EAD\u5712\u3092\u3001\u30EB\u30BD\u30FC\u306E\u30A4\u30C7\u30FC\u306B\u89E6\u767A\u3055\u308C\u4F5C\u5EAD\u3002\u307E\u305F\u8457\u66F8\u300EDe la composition des paysages\u300F\u3092\u520A\u884C\u3057\uFF081777\u5E74\uFF09\u3001\u30D5\u30E9\u30F3\u30B9\u306E\u8FD1\u4EE3\u7684\u306A\u5EAD\u5712\u306E\u30B9\u30BF\u30A4\u30EB\u306B\u5F37\u304F\u5F71\u97FF\u3092\u53CA\u307C\u3057\u305F\u3002"@ja . "Ren\u00E9-Louis de Girardin"@it . . . "\u30EB\u30CD\u30FB\u30C9\u30FB\u30B8\u30E9\u30EB\u30C0\u30F3"@ja . . . . . . . "Il marchese Ren\u00E9-Louis de Girardin de Vauvray (Parigi, 24 febbraio 1735 \u2013 Vernouillet, 20 settembre 1808) \u00E8 stato un artista, scrittore, militare e paesaggista francese."@it . "French"@en . . . . . . . . . "1735-02-25"^^ . . . . . . . "\u30EB\u30CD\u30FB\u30EB\u30FB\u30C9\u30FB\u30B8\u30E9\u30EB\u30C0\u30F3 \uFF081735\u5E742\u670825\u65E5 \u2013 1808\u5E74\u3001Ren\u00E9 de Girardin, \u30EB\u30CD\uFF1D\u30EB\u30A4\u30FB\u30C9\u30FB\u30B8\u30E9\u30EB\u30C0\u30F3\uFF09\u30F4\u30A9\u30FC\u30F4\u30A9\u30FC\u306E\u4FAF\u7235\u306F\u3001\u30B8\u30E3\u30F3=\u30B8\u30E3\u30C3\u30AF\u30FB\u30EB\u30BD\u30FC\u306E\u6700\u5F8C\u306E\u4F7F\u5F92\u3067\u5F7C\u306F\u30A8\u30EB\u30E0\u30CE\u30F3\u30F4\u30A3\u30EB\uFF08Ermenonville\uFF09\u306B\u30D5\u30E9\u30F3\u30B9\u6700\u521D\u306E\u98A8\u666F\u5F0F\u5EAD\u5712\u3092\u3001\u30EB\u30BD\u30FC\u306E\u30A4\u30C7\u30FC\u306B\u89E6\u767A\u3055\u308C\u4F5C\u5EAD\u3002\u307E\u305F\u8457\u66F8\u300EDe la composition des paysages\u300F\u3092\u520A\u884C\u3057\uFF081777\u5E74\uFF09\u3001\u30D5\u30E9\u30F3\u30B9\u306E\u8FD1\u4EE3\u7684\u306A\u5EAD\u5712\u306E\u30B9\u30BF\u30A4\u30EB\u306B\u5F37\u304F\u5F71\u97FF\u3092\u53CA\u307C\u3057\u305F\u3002"@ja . "Ren\u00E9 Louis de Girardin (February 25, 1735 \u2013 1808), Marquis of Vauvray, was Jean-Jacques Rousseau's last pupil. He created the first French landscape garden at Ermenonville. It was inspired by Rousseau's ideas. De Girardin was the author of De la composition des paysages (1777), which strongly influenced the style of the modern French landscape garden. Girardin became an officer in Louis XV's army and served until the end of the Seven Years' War. He then left the army and went to Lun\u00E9ville, where he joined the Polish Court of King Stanislas Leszczynski."@en . . . . "Ren\u00E9 Louis de Girardin (* 24. Februar 1735 in Paris; \u2020 20. September 1808 in Vernouillet, D\u00E9partement Yvelines), K\u00FCnstlername auch Ren\u00E9 Louis G\u00E9rardin, war ein franz\u00F6sischer Marquis, Sch\u00F6pfer des Parks von Ermenonville und Schriftsteller. Er vertrat sozialreformerische Ideen und war ein Freund Jean-Jacques Rousseaus."@de . . . "Ren\u00E9 de Girardin"@es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Ren\u00E9-Louis de Girardin, marquis de Vauvray, n\u00E9 le 24 f\u00E9vrier 1735 \u00E0 Paris et mort le 20 septembre 1808 \u00E0 Vernouillet (Yvelines), est un paysagiste et militaire fran\u00E7ais. Apr\u00E8s une br\u00E8ve carri\u00E8re militaire, il devient en 1766 seigneur d'Ermenonville. Il fut un admirateur et un ami de Jean-Jacques Rousseau dont sa philosophie du retour \u00E0 la nature transparait dans ses \u0153uvres paysag\u00E8res. Il est ainsi le cr\u00E9ateur des jardins d'Ermenonville, premier jardin \u00E0 l'anglaise sur le continent. Ce dernier fut \u00E0 l'origine de la mode des jardins paysagers anglo-chinois et exer\u00E7a une influence sur la cr\u00E9ation de parcs jusqu'au milieu du XIXe si\u00E8cle."@fr . . . . "Il marchese Ren\u00E9-Louis de Girardin de Vauvray (Parigi, 24 febbraio 1735 \u2013 Vernouillet, 20 settembre 1808) \u00E8 stato un artista, scrittore, militare e paesaggista francese."@it . "Ren\u00E9 Louis de Girardin (25 de febrero de 1735-1808), marqu\u00E9s de Vauvray, fue \u00FAltimo alumno de Jean-Jacques Rousseau, cuyo pensamiento le influy\u00F3 mucho. Cre\u00F3 el primer jard\u00EDn paisajista franc\u00E9s en Ermenonville y escribi\u00F3 el libro De la composici\u00F3n des paysages (1777), que tuvo gran influencia en el estilo del jard\u00EDn paisajista franc\u00E9s moderno. Girardin se convirti\u00F3 en un oficial del ej\u00E9rcito de Luis XV y sirvi\u00F3 hasta el final de la Guerra de Siete A\u00F1os. Luego dej\u00F3 el ej\u00E9rcito y fue a Lun\u00E9ville, donde se uni\u00F3 a la corte polaca de Estanislao I Leszczynski."@es . . . . . . . . . . "Landscape gardening"@en . . . . . . "Ren\u00E9 de Girardin"@en . . . . "1735-02-25"^^ . . .