. . . . . . "1119189000"^^ . . . . . "A uni\u00E3o real \u00E9 uma forma de Estado composto e corresponde ao v\u00EDnculo existente entre dois ou mais Estados em que se fundem ou s\u00E3o partilhados \u00F3rg\u00E3os particulares de cada Estado de modo a passarem a existir um ou mais \u00F3rg\u00E3os comuns (pelo menos o Chefe de Estado \u00E9 comum). Na uni\u00E3o real o grau de integra\u00E7\u00E3o dos Estados \u00E9 menor do que na Federa\u00E7\u00E3o, pois na uni\u00E3o real os Estados geralmente conservam as suas especificidades e algumas vezes uma limitada capacidade jur\u00EDdica internacional, o que n\u00E3o se verifica nas Federa\u00E7\u00F5es. Os Estados membros de uma uni\u00E3o real mant\u00EAm territ\u00F3rios e povos pr\u00F3prios, mas o poder pol\u00EDtico soberano \u00E9 exercido pela Uni\u00E3o. Os Estados membros de uma uni\u00E3o real geralmente mant\u00EAm autonomia pol\u00EDtico- administrativa. Das uni\u00F5es reais distinguem-se as uni\u00F5es pessoais. Enquanto a uni\u00E3o real \u00E9 um Estado composto formado por dois ou mais Estados que abdicam da sua independ\u00EAncia para formar um novo Estado comum independente (a Uni\u00E3o), a uni\u00E3o pessoal \u00E9 uma associa\u00E7\u00E3o de Estados que mant\u00EAm a sua independ\u00EAncia. Tal como na uni\u00E3o real tamb\u00E9m na uni\u00E3o pessoal o Chefe de Estado \u00E9 comum aos Estados membros da Uni\u00E3o, embora na uni\u00E3o pessoal a coincid\u00EAncia seja apenas a t\u00EDtulo pessoal e n\u00E3o org\u00E2nico, ou seja o que \u00E9 comum \u00E9 o titular do \u00F3rg\u00E3o e n\u00E3o o pr\u00F3prio \u00F3rg\u00E3o. Outra distin\u00E7\u00E3o \u00E9 que na uni\u00E3o real a uni\u00E3o dos Estados \u00E9 institu\u00EDda e regulada por um acto jur\u00EDdico da Uni\u00E3o (tal como uma Constitui\u00E7\u00E3o da Uni\u00E3o), enquanto que na uni\u00E3o pessoal a uni\u00E3o dos Estados resulta da mera coincid\u00EAncia de designa\u00E7\u00E3o da pessoa do Chefe de Estado pelos Direitos internos de cada Estado. Na uni\u00E3o real a capacidade jur\u00EDdica internacional dos Estados \u00E9 inexistente ou, caso exista, \u00E9 limitada, enquanto na uni\u00E3o pessoal a capacidade jur\u00EDdica internacional dos Estados \u00E9 plena. Outra distin\u00E7\u00E3o \u00E9 que na uni\u00E3o real existe legisla\u00E7\u00E3o comum a toda a Uni\u00E3o (aprovada pelos \u00F3rg\u00E3os da Uni\u00E3o), o que n\u00E3o sucede na uni\u00E3o pessoal (existindo apenas as legisla\u00E7\u00F5es internas de cada Estado). Geralmente as uni\u00F5es reais s\u00E3o monarquias, mas nada obsta \u00E0 exist\u00EAncia de uma uni\u00E3o real em regime republicano (pois na uni\u00E3o real a palavra real n\u00E3o se refere a Realeza mas sim a uni\u00E3o de facto); prova disso \u00E9 que existe hoje uma uni\u00E3o real sob forma republicana. Exemplos de uni\u00F5es reais sob forma mon\u00E1rquica: \n* Reino da Pol\u00F3nia e Gr\u00E3o-Ducado da Litu\u00E2nia de 1596 (sob o nome de Rep\u00FAblica das Duas Na\u00E7\u00F5es por meio do acordo Uni\u00E3o de Lublin) \n* Reino da Inglaterra/Reino da Gr\u00E3-Bretanha e Reino da Irlanda, de 1542 a 1800. \n* Imp\u00E9rio Russo e Gr\u00E3o-Ducado da Finl\u00E2ndia de 1809 a 1917 (sob o nome de Tratado de Hamina) \n* Imp\u00E9rio Austr\u00EDaco e Reino da Hungria de 1867 a 1918 (sob o nome de \u00C1ustria-Hungria) \n* Dinamarca e Isl\u00E2ndia de 1918 a 1944 Exemplo de uni\u00E3o real sob forma republicana: \n* Tanganica e Zanzibar desde 1964 (sob o nome de Tanz\u00E2nia)"@pt . "\u653F\u5408\u56FD\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1AReal union\uFF09\uFF0C\u53C8\u7A31\u4E8B\u5408\u570B\uFF0C\u6307\u4E24\u4E2A\u6216\u4E24\u4E2A\u4EE5\u4E0A\u4E3B\u6B0A\u570B\u5BB6\u7F14\u7ED3\u6761\u7EA6\u3001\u5F62\u6210\u4E00\u4E2A\u65B0\u7684\u56FD\u9645\u4E3B\u4F53\u7684\u4E00\u79CD\u56FD\u5BB6\u8054\u5408\u5F62\u5F0F\uFF0C\u662F\u8907\u5408\u56FD\u7684\u4E00\u79CD\u3002\u653F\u5408\u56FD\u5177\u6709\u67D0\u4E9B\u5171\u540C\u7684\u653F\u6CBB\u673A\u5173\uFF0C\u5185\u653F\u4E0A\u6210\u5458\u56FD\u5404\u81EA\u72EC\u7ACB\uFF0C\u5728\u5BF9\u5916\u5173\u7CFB\u4E0A\u5219\u5408\u4E3A\u4E00\u4F53\uFF0C\u4EE5\u8054\u5408\u4F53\u7684\u540D\u4E49\u6D3B\u52A8\uFF0C\u6210\u5458\u56FD\u4E2A\u522B\u5730\u5219\u4E0D\u662F\u56FD\u9645\u6CD5\u4E3B\u4F53\u3002\u4E0E\u541B\u5408\u56FD\u4E0D\u540C\uFF0C\u8FD9\u79CD\u8054\u5408\u5173\u7CFB\u7684\u6CD5\u5F8B\u57FA\u7840\u662F\u6761\u7EA6\uFF0C\u7ED3\u5408\u6BD4\u8F83\u6301\u4E45\u548C\u7262\u56FA\uFF0C\u5728\u56FD\u9645\u6CD5\u4E0A\u4E0E\u806F\u90A6\u76F8\u8FD1\u3002\u6B77\u53F2\u4E0A\uFF0C1569\u5E74-1795\u5E74\u7684\u6CE2\u862D\u8207\u7ACB\u9676\u5B9B\u5169\u570B\u5408\u4F75\u6CE2\u862D\u7ACB\u9676\u5B9B\uFF0C1867\u5E74\u20141918\u5E74\u7684\u5965\u5730\u5229\u548C\u5308\u7259\u5229\u7B49\uFF0C\u90FD\u5EFA\u7ACB\u8FC7\u653F\u5408\u56FD\u3002\u76EE\u524D\u5DF2\u65E0\u653F\u5408\u56FD\u5B58\u5728\u3002"@zh . . . . "\u0627\u062A\u062D\u0627\u062F \u062D\u0642\u064A\u0642\u064A"@ar . . . "Re\u00E1ln\u00E1 unie"@cs . . "A uni\u00E3o real \u00E9 uma forma de Estado composto e corresponde ao v\u00EDnculo existente entre dois ou mais Estados em que se fundem ou s\u00E3o partilhados \u00F3rg\u00E3os particulares de cada Estado de modo a passarem a existir um ou mais \u00F3rg\u00E3os comuns (pelo menos o Chefe de Estado \u00E9 comum). Na uni\u00E3o real o grau de integra\u00E7\u00E3o dos Estados \u00E9 menor do que na Federa\u00E7\u00E3o, pois na uni\u00E3o real os Estados geralmente conservam as suas especificidades e algumas vezes uma limitada capacidade jur\u00EDdica internacional, o que n\u00E3o se verifica nas Federa\u00E7\u00F5es. Exemplos de uni\u00F5es reais sob forma mon\u00E1rquica:"@pt . "Realunion ist die v\u00F6lkerrechtliche Verbindung selbst\u00E4ndiger Staaten durch ein gemeinsames Staatsoberhaupt (wie bei der Personalunion, in der Staatspraxis stets ein Monarch), dar\u00FCber hinaus aber auch durch weitere gemeinsame Institutionen, also Staatsorgane oder Verwaltungseinrichtungen. Die Verbindung ist also intensiver und st\u00E4rker verrechtlicht als bei der blo\u00DFen Personalunion. Anders als beim Bundesstaat wird aber kein den verbundenen Staaten \u00FCbergeordnetes Rechtssubjekt geschaffen. Beispiele sind:"@de . . . . "Re\u00E1ln\u00E1 unie je spojen\u00ED dvou a v\u00EDce st\u00E1t\u016F (suver\u00E9nn\u00EDch), kter\u00E9 sd\u00EDlej\u00ED n\u011Bkter\u00E9 st\u00E1tn\u00ED instituce, ale nejsou p\u0159\u00EDmo spojeny do jednoho celku \u010Di st\u00E1tu (jako v p\u0159\u00EDpad\u011B politick\u00E9 unie) a zachov\u00E1vaj\u00ED si sv\u00E1 pr\u00E1va suver\u00E9nn\u00EDch st\u00E1t\u016F. Re\u00E1ln\u00E1 unie se vyvinula z person\u00E1ln\u00ED unie a obvykle se omezuje jen na monarchie. V\u00FDznam slova re\u00E1ln\u00E1 zna\u010D\u00ED \u017Ee jde o skute\u010Dnou unii, nikoliv o unii kr\u00E1lovskou tj. person\u00E1ln\u00ED (ang. royal/real, port. real)"@cs . . . "Uni\u00F3n real"@es . "\u0420\u0435\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0441\u043E\u044E\u0437 (\u0440\u0435\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0430\u044F \u0443\u043D\u0438\u044F) \u2014 \u0441\u043E\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u0433\u043E\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432, \u0432 \u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043C \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E \u043C\u043E\u043D\u0430\u0440\u0445\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0430\u0432\u043B\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0437\u0430\u043A\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C. \u0412 \u043E\u0442\u043B\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u043E\u0442 \u043B\u0438\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0443\u043D\u0438\u0438 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043F\u043E\u043B\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043E\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0430\u043A\u043E\u0432\u044B\u0439 \u043F\u043E\u0440\u044F\u0434\u043E\u043A \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043E\u043B\u043E\u043D\u0430\u0441\u043B\u0435\u0434\u0438\u044F. \u0420\u0435\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0430\u044F \u0443\u043D\u0438\u044F, \u043A\u0430\u043A \u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043B\u043E, \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043F\u043E\u043B\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043E\u0431\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043A\u043E\u043D \u043E \u043F\u043E\u0440\u044F\u0434\u043A\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F \u043C\u043E\u043D\u0430\u0440\u0445\u0430 \u0432 \u0441\u043B\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0446\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044E\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u043D\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0438; \u043A\u0440\u043E\u043C\u0435 \u0442\u043E\u0433\u043E, \u0434\u043B\u044F \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0443\u043D\u0438\u0438 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043D\u043E \u043D\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u0447\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0439, \u043E\u0431\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u043B\u044F \u0432\u0445\u043E\u0434\u044F\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0432 \u043D\u0435\u0435 \u0433\u043E\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432. \u042D\u0442\u0430 \u043E\u0431\u0449\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0433\u043E\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0443\u0447\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u043C\u043E\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u043B\u0438\u0448\u044C \u043F\u0443\u0442\u0435\u043C \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043C\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0441\u043E\u0433\u043B\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u044D\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u0433\u043E\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432, \u0438, \u0442\u0430\u043A\u0438\u043C \u043E\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043E\u043C, \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0430\u044F \u0443\u043D\u0438\u044F \u043E\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044F \u043A \u044F\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F\u043C \u043C\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043D\u0430\u0440\u043E\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430."@ru . . . . . . . . "Unia realna \u2013 zwi\u0105zek dw\u00F3ch lub wi\u0119kszej liczby pa\u0144stw, oparty na wsp\u00F3lnych instytucjach pa\u0144stwowych. Unia realna rozwin\u0119\u0142a si\u0119 z unii personalnej. Pa\u0144stwa cz\u0142onkowskie tworz\u0105 w ramach unii realnej jeden podmiot prawa mi\u0119dzynarodowego, najcz\u0119\u015Bciej \u2013 jedno pa\u0144stwo."@pl . "\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062A\u062D\u0627\u062F \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0642\u064A\u0642\u064A \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u062A\u062D\u0627\u062F \u062F\u0648\u0644\u062A\u064A\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062B\u0631\u060C \u062D\u064A\u062B \u062A\u062A\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u062A\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064A \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062A\u062D\u0627\u062F\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062E\u0635\u064A\u0629\u060C \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062A\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u062F\u0631\u062C\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0648\u062D\u062F \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062A\u062D\u0627\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064A\u0627\u0633\u064A. \u0648\u0642\u062F \u062A\u0637\u0648\u0631 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\u0641\u0646\u0644\u0646\u062F\u0627 \u062F\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062A \u0633\u064A\u0627\u062F\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064A. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u064A\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064A\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062A\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064A\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0646\u062D\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062A\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060C \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0631\u063A\u0628\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064A \u062F\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062A\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062F\u0627\u064A\u0629. \u0648\u062A\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0641\u0646\u0644\u0646\u062F\u0627 \u062F\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062A\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064A \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062F\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u062F\u064A\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1917."@ar . . . . "La denominaci\u00F3n uni\u00F3n real no proviene, en cuanto a la utilizaci\u00F3n del t\u00E9rmino real de la existencia de un monarca com\u00FAn, aunque lo normal es que as\u00ED sea,\u200B sino de que los distintos Estados compart\u00EDan, adem\u00E1s, algunas cosas.\u200B"@es . . . . "La denominaci\u00F3n uni\u00F3n real no proviene, en cuanto a la utilizaci\u00F3n del t\u00E9rmino real de la existencia de un monarca com\u00FAn, aunque lo normal es que as\u00ED sea,\u200B sino de que los distintos Estados compart\u00EDan, adem\u00E1s, algunas cosas.\u200B El t\u00E9rmino \"real\" no proviene en este caso de rex -rey- sino de res -cosa-. Esto significa que los respectivos ordenamientos prev\u00E9n la existencia de alg\u00FAn tipo de uni\u00F3n que se extiende no solamente a compartir la jefatura del Estado sino a la existencia de determinados \u00F3rganos e instituciones jur\u00EDdicas comunes.\u200B Se trata, l\u00F3gicamente, de una f\u00F3rmula que va m\u00E1s all\u00E1 de la Uni\u00F3n Personal."@es . "Unione reale"@it . . "Une union r\u00E9elle est, en droit international public, l\u2019union de deux \u00C9tats consistant non seulement dans l'unit\u00E9 du chef d'\u00C9tat, mais aussi dans l'existence d'organes communs."@fr . . . "\u0420\u0435\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0441\u043E\u044E\u0437 (\u0440\u0435\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0430\u044F \u0443\u043D\u0438\u044F) \u2014 \u0441\u043E\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u0433\u043E\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432, \u0432 \u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043C \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E \u043C\u043E\u043D\u0430\u0440\u0445\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0430\u0432\u043B\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0437\u0430\u043A\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C. \u0412 \u043E\u0442\u043B\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u043E\u0442 \u043B\u0438\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0443\u043D\u0438\u0438 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043F\u043E\u043B\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043E\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0430\u043A\u043E\u0432\u044B\u0439 \u043F\u043E\u0440\u044F\u0434\u043E\u043A \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043E\u043B\u043E\u043D\u0430\u0441\u043B\u0435\u0434\u0438\u044F. \u0420\u0435\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0430\u044F \u0443\u043D\u0438\u044F, \u043A\u0430\u043A \u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043B\u043E, \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043F\u043E\u043B\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043E\u0431\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043A\u043E\u043D \u043E \u043F\u043E\u0440\u044F\u0434\u043A\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F \u043C\u043E\u043D\u0430\u0440\u0445\u0430 \u0432 \u0441\u043B\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0446\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044E\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u043D\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0438; \u043A\u0440\u043E\u043C\u0435 \u0442\u043E\u0433\u043E, \u0434\u043B\u044F \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0443\u043D\u0438\u0438 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043D\u043E \u043D\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u0447\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0439, \u043E\u0431\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u043B\u044F \u0432\u0445\u043E\u0434\u044F\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0432 \u043D\u0435\u0435 \u0433\u043E\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432. \u042D\u0442\u0430 \u043E\u0431\u0449\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0433\u043E\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0443\u0447\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u043C\u043E\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u043B\u0438\u0448\u044C \u043F\u0443\u0442\u0435\u043C \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043C\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0441\u043E\u0433\u043B\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u044D\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u0433\u043E\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432, \u0438, \u0442\u0430\u043A\u0438\u043C \u043E\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043E\u043C, \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0430\u044F \u0443\u043D\u0438\u044F \u043E\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044F \u043A \u044F\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F\u043C \u043C\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043D\u0430\u0440\u043E\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430. \u041F\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0443\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u044F\u0432\u043B\u044F\u044E\u0442\u0441\u044F: \n* \u0410\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043E-\u0412\u0435\u043D\u0433\u0440\u0438\u044F (1867\u20141918), \u0433\u043B\u0430\u0432\u043E\u0439 \u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0439 \u0431\u044B\u043B \u0424\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0446-\u0418\u043E\u0441\u0438\u0444 I (1830\u20141916) \u2014 \u043E\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E \u0438\u043C\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0440 \u0410\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u043A\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043B\u044C \u0412\u0435\u043D\u0433\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0441 1867 \u043F\u043E 1916 \u0433. \u0410\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u044F \u0438 \u0412\u0435\u043D\u0433\u0440\u0438\u044F \u0438\u043C\u0435\u043B\u0438 3 \u043E\u0431\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043C\u0438\u043D\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430: \u043C\u0438\u043D\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E \u0434\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u0438\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u043B, \u043C\u0438\u043D\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E \u0432\u043E\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u0438 \u043C\u0438\u043D\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E \u043E\u0431\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0444\u0438\u043D\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043E\u0432. \n* \u0428\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0441\u043A\u043E-\u043D\u043E\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0436\u0441\u043A\u0430\u044F \u0443\u043D\u0438\u044F (1815\u20141905). \u0417\u0430\u043A\u043E\u043D \u043E\u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043B\u044F\u0435\u0442 \u043D\u0430 \u0441\u043B\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439, \u0435\u0441\u043B\u0438 \u043A\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043B\u044C \u043E\u043A\u0430\u0436\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u043D\u0435\u0441\u043F\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0431\u043D\u044B\u043C \u0443\u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043B\u044F\u0442\u044C \u0433\u043E\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u043C, \u043E\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E. \u041D\u0430 \u0441\u043B\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0434\u0438\u043D\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u043E\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D \u0441\u043E\u0432\u043C\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0441\u043F\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0431 \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F \u043A\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043B\u044F \u043F\u0430\u0440\u043B\u0430\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u043E\u0431\u043E\u0438\u0445 \u0433\u043E\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432. \u0423\u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u043E\u0431\u043E\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u0433\u043E\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u0441\u043E\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E; \u043B\u0438\u0448\u044C \u0444\u0443\u043D\u043A\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043C\u0438\u043D\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u0438\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u043B \u0438\u0441\u043F\u043E\u043B\u043D\u044F\u043B \u0434\u043B\u044F \u043E\u0431\u043E\u0438\u0445 \u0433\u043E\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u0448\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u043C\u0438\u043D\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440 \u0438\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u043B. \n* \u043A\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E \u041F\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0448\u0438 \u0438 \u041B\u0438\u0442\u0432\u044B (1569\u20141795). \n* \u0426\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E \u041F\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0435 \u0438 \u0412\u0435\u043B\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0435 \u043A\u043D\u044F\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E \u0424\u0438\u043D\u043B\u044F\u043D\u0434\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0435 \u0432 \u0441\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0435 \u0420\u043E\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0438\u043C\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438."@ru . "Realunion ist die v\u00F6lkerrechtliche Verbindung selbst\u00E4ndiger Staaten durch ein gemeinsames Staatsoberhaupt (wie bei der Personalunion, in der Staatspraxis stets ein Monarch), dar\u00FCber hinaus aber auch durch weitere gemeinsame Institutionen, also Staatsorgane oder Verwaltungseinrichtungen. Die Verbindung ist also intensiver und st\u00E4rker verrechtlicht als bei der blo\u00DFen Personalunion. Anders als beim Bundesstaat wird aber kein den verbundenen Staaten \u00FCbergeordnetes Rechtssubjekt geschaffen. Beispiele sind: \n* 1460\u20131867 Realunion zwischen Schleswig und Holstein (\u201Eup ewig ungedeelt\u201C) \n* 1509\u20131814 Realunion D\u00E4nemark-Norwegen \n* 1569 Lubliner Union: Umwandlung der Personalunion zwischen Polen und Litauen zur I. Rzeczpospolita, auch Polen-Litauen genannt (bis 1791) \n* 1707 Verbindung der K\u00F6nigreiche England und Schottland durch Act of Union \n* 1802\u20131810 Realunion der F\u00FCrstent\u00FCmer Salm-Salm und Salm-Kyrburg zum F\u00FCrstentum Salm \n* 1809\u20131917 Das Verh\u00E4ltnis des Gro\u00DFf\u00FCrstentums Finnland zum Russischen Kaiserreich wurde von manchen Autoren als Realunion beschrieben. Die Einordnung war jedoch umstritten, andere sprachen Finnland den eigenen Staatscharakter ab. \n* 1814\u20131905 Realunion zwischen Schweden und Norwegen \n* 1852\u20131920 Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha als (teilweise) Realunion von Sachsen-Coburg und Sachsen-Gotha (zuvor ab 1826 blo\u00DFe Personalunion) \n* 1867\u20131918 Realunion \u00D6sterreich-Ungarn (infolge des \u00D6sterreichisch-Ungarischen Ausgleichs) \n* 1918\u20131944 Realunion zwischen D\u00E4nemark und Island \n* 1936\u20131941/44 Realunion zwischen Italien und Abessinien (Italienisch-Ostafrika) Gewisserma\u00DFen ein Gegenst\u00FCck zur Realunion waren Mecklenburg-Schwerin und Mecklenburg-Strelitz mit gemeinsamem st\u00E4ndischem Landtag (und damit hierin vereinter als \u00D6sterreich-Ungarn), aber verschiedenen Gro\u00DFherz\u00F6gen, mithin ohne Union."@de . "Una unione reale \u00E8 l'unione di due o pi\u00F9 stati che per\u00F2 condividono tra loro alcune istituzioni per contrasto all'unione personale; essi ad ogni modo non possono definirsi stati unificati in unione politica. Tale forma di governo era solitamente limitata alle monarchie. Alcuni esempi storici:"@it . . . . . . "Unia realna"@pl . "\u0420\u0435\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0441\u043E\u044E\u0437"@ru . . "Una unione reale \u00E8 l'unione di due o pi\u00F9 stati che per\u00F2 condividono tra loro alcune istituzioni per contrasto all'unione personale; essi ad ogni modo non possono definirsi stati unificati in unione politica. Tale forma di governo era solitamente limitata alle monarchie. A differenza delle unioni personali, le unioni reali portavano quasi esclusivamente ad una riduzione della sovranit\u00E0 statale a svantaggio dello stato pi\u00F9 debole dei due coinvolti. Furono questi i casi di Lituania, Scozia e Norvegia che passarono sotto l'influenza dei pi\u00F9 forti vicini Polonia, Inghilterra e Danimarca rispettivamente, coi quali precedentemente erano in unione personale. L'esempio pi\u00F9 significativo in questo senso \u00E8 il Regno d'Ungheria che raggiunsero il medesimo status dell'Austria (che esercitava il controllo sulle terre della corona della \"Cisleitania\") nell'Austria-Ungheria dopo il Compromesso austro-ungarico del 1867. Talvolta, ad ogni modo, l'unione reale poteva pervenire dopo un periodo di unione politica. Alcuni esempi storici: \n* Danimarca-Norvegia (1537\u20131814) \n* Svezia-Norvegia (1815-1905)La Svezia-Norvegia, unione reale dei regni di Svezia e Norvegia, perdur\u00F2 dal 1815 al 1905. I due stati avevano in comune il capo di stato e un ministero. Il capo di stato portava il titolo di \"re di Svezia e Norvegia\". Il ministero comune era quello degli affari esteri. \n* (1918-1944)L'unione tra Danimarca ed Islanda perdur\u00F2 dal 1918 al 1944. I due stati avevano in comune il capo di stato ed una delegazione speciale composta dai rappresentanti dei due paesi che erano incaricati di gestire gli interessi in comune tra le due entit\u00E0 statali. \n* Polonia-Lituania (1569\u20131795)La Polonia-Lituania, o Repubblica delle due nazioni, fu l'unione reale del Regno di Polonia e del Granducato di Lituania, notevole per la sua lunga durata: creata col trattato d'unione siglato a Lublino il 1 luglio 1569, perdur\u00F2 sino alla fine del XVIII secolo. I due stati avevano in comune il capo di stato ed una dieta di governo. Il capo di stato portava il titolo di \"re di Polonia e granduca di Lituania\" e presiedeva l'assemblea elettorale della nobilt\u00E0 dei due paesi. La dieta bicamerale comune era composta di un senato e di una camera dei deputati. La maggior parte degli autori considera la data della fine dell'unione all'entrata in vigore della costituzione il 3 maggio 1791 che and\u00F2 a sostituirsi allo stato unitario. Questa interpretazione ad ogni modo resta ancora oggi largamente discussa dal momento che de facto l'abdicazione di Stanislao II Augusto al trono di entrambi gli stati avvenne solo il 25 novembre 1795 con la terza spartizione della Polonia. \n* Sassonia-Varsavia (1807-1813)Il granducato di Varsavia, creato nel 1807 dal Trattato di Tilsit, venne considerato in unione reale col Regno di Sassonia sino alla fine dell'epopea napoleonica. \n* Reame del Commonwealth prima dell'adozione dello Statuto di Westminster \n* Polonia e Russia (1832\u20131867):Lo Statuto Organico rimpiazz\u00F2 la Costituzione del 1815 dopo la fallita Rivolta di novembre. \n* Austria-Ungheria (1867\u20131918)L'Austria-Ungheria perdur\u00F2 in unione reale dal 1867 al 1918 tra l'Impero austriaco ed il Regno d'Ungheria. I due stati avevano in comune il loro capo di stato, tre ministeri ed un organo di controllo. Il capo di stato portava il titolo di \"imperatore d'Austria e re d'Ungheria\". I tre ministeri comuni erano quello degli affari esteri, della guerra e delle finanze. L'organo di controllo comune, chiamato \"delegazioni\", era composto da delegati dei parlamenti dei rispettivi due paesi. L'unione reale venne completata nel 1907 da un'unione doganale. \n* Finlandia e Russia (1809\u20131917):L'impero russo non ha mai riconosciuto la Finlandia come uno stato di diritto. Ad ogni modo, la Finlandia fu per gran parte della sua storia governata in accordo con una che divenne una norma approvata dall'\u00E8lite finlandese e spinse a considerare sempre pi\u00F9 la Finlandia come una monarchia costituzionale separata in unione reale con la Russia. Prima del 1910 non vi erano codificazioni alle relazioni tra Finlandia e Russia nella legge russa, pertanto il e la passarono entrambi un atto col quale dichiararono la Finlandia uno stato separato da quello russo, pur ritenendola una parte indivisibile dell'Impero russo sulla base di una \"serie di leggi speciali\". Dopo la Rivoluzione di febbraio del marzo del 1917, il Governo Provvisorio Russo ricus\u00F2 tutte le restrizioni imposte sull'autonomia finlandese dal febbraio del 1899. Durante il 1917, i politici finlandesi chiesero nuovi riconoscimenti per la Finlandia da parte della Russia e tornarono a chiedere una vera e propria costituzione indipendente. I socialdemocratici approvarono l' \"Atto di Potere\" nel luglio del 1917, che de facto inaugur\u00F2 l'unione reale tra i due stati ma il governo provvisorio, dopo essere sopravvissuto al tentativo di colpo di stato bolscevico di quello stesso anno, decise di sciogliere il parlamento. Nell'autunno del 1917, in Finlandia venne creata una costituzione per redigere una nuova costituzione. Questa volta il governo provvisorio russo, indebolito ulteriormente, riconobbe la Finlandia come uno stato di diritto, ma le impose di mantenere l'unione con la Russia ed alcune prerogative speciali. Dopo la Rivoluzione d'ottobre, la maggioranza dei partiti non socialisti finlandesi decisero di tagliare tutti i legami col nuovo governo bolscevico ed il parlamento finlandese approv\u00F2 nuovamente l'Atto di Potere nel novembre di quello stesso anno, dichiarando a tutti gli effetti la sovranit\u00E0 finlandese sul proprio stato. La Finlandia venne dichiarata una repubblica indipendente ufficialmente il 6 dicembre 1917."@it . "\u653F\u5408\u56FD"@zh . "\u653F\u5408\u56FD\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1AReal union\uFF09\uFF0C\u53C8\u7A31\u4E8B\u5408\u570B\uFF0C\u6307\u4E24\u4E2A\u6216\u4E24\u4E2A\u4EE5\u4E0A\u4E3B\u6B0A\u570B\u5BB6\u7F14\u7ED3\u6761\u7EA6\u3001\u5F62\u6210\u4E00\u4E2A\u65B0\u7684\u56FD\u9645\u4E3B\u4F53\u7684\u4E00\u79CD\u56FD\u5BB6\u8054\u5408\u5F62\u5F0F\uFF0C\u662F\u8907\u5408\u56FD\u7684\u4E00\u79CD\u3002\u653F\u5408\u56FD\u5177\u6709\u67D0\u4E9B\u5171\u540C\u7684\u653F\u6CBB\u673A\u5173\uFF0C\u5185\u653F\u4E0A\u6210\u5458\u56FD\u5404\u81EA\u72EC\u7ACB\uFF0C\u5728\u5BF9\u5916\u5173\u7CFB\u4E0A\u5219\u5408\u4E3A\u4E00\u4F53\uFF0C\u4EE5\u8054\u5408\u4F53\u7684\u540D\u4E49\u6D3B\u52A8\uFF0C\u6210\u5458\u56FD\u4E2A\u522B\u5730\u5219\u4E0D\u662F\u56FD\u9645\u6CD5\u4E3B\u4F53\u3002\u4E0E\u541B\u5408\u56FD\u4E0D\u540C\uFF0C\u8FD9\u79CD\u8054\u5408\u5173\u7CFB\u7684\u6CD5\u5F8B\u57FA\u7840\u662F\u6761\u7EA6\uFF0C\u7ED3\u5408\u6BD4\u8F83\u6301\u4E45\u548C\u7262\u56FA\uFF0C\u5728\u56FD\u9645\u6CD5\u4E0A\u4E0E\u806F\u90A6\u76F8\u8FD1\u3002\u6B77\u53F2\u4E0A\uFF0C1569\u5E74-1795\u5E74\u7684\u6CE2\u862D\u8207\u7ACB\u9676\u5B9B\u5169\u570B\u5408\u4F75\u6CE2\u862D\u7ACB\u9676\u5B9B\uFF0C1867\u5E74\u20141918\u5E74\u7684\u5965\u5730\u5229\u548C\u5308\u7259\u5229\u7B49\uFF0C\u90FD\u5EFA\u7ACB\u8FC7\u653F\u5408\u56FD\u3002\u76EE\u524D\u5DF2\u65E0\u653F\u5408\u56FD\u5B58\u5728\u3002"@zh . . . . "Union r\u00E9elle"@fr . . . . . "Real union is a union of two or more states, which share some state institutions in contrast to personal unions; however, they are not as unified as states in a political union. It is a development from personal union and has historically been limited to monarchies. Unlike personal unions, real unions almost exclusively led to a reduction of sovereignty for the politically weaker constituent. That was the case with Lithuania and Norway, which came under the influence of stronger neighbors, Poland and Denmark respectively, with whom each of them had shared a personal union previously. Sometimes, however, a real union came about after a period of political union. The most notable example of such a move is the Kingdom of Hungary (Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen), which achieved equal status to Austria (which exercised control over the \"Cisleithanian\" crown lands) in Austria-Hungary following the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867. Unions may form for pragmatic reasons, \"as was the case in the 1707 union of the parliaments, formed against the backdrop of a succession crisis during a war with France, which did indeed create a unitary British state, into which Scotland and England \u2013 although not yet Ireland \u2013 were incorporated.\" Austria-Hungary formed, \"with the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 in the aftermath of the Austro-Prussian War.\""@en . "2846"^^ . . . "Real union"@en . . "Une union r\u00E9elle est, en droit international public, l\u2019union de deux \u00C9tats consistant non seulement dans l'unit\u00E9 du chef d'\u00C9tat, mais aussi dans l'existence d'organes communs."@fr . . . . . . . "Uni\u00E3o real"@pt . . "\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062A\u062D\u0627\u062F \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0642\u064A\u0642\u064A \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u062A\u062D\u0627\u062F \u062F\u0648\u0644\u062A\u064A\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062B\u0631\u060C \u062D\u064A\u062B \u062A\u062A\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u062A\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064A \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062A\u062D\u0627\u062F\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062E\u0635\u064A\u0629\u060C \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062A\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u062F\u0631\u062C\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0648\u062D\u062F \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062A\u062D\u0627\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064A\u0627\u0633\u064A. \u0648\u0642\u062F \u062A\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062A\u062D\u0627\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062E\u0635\u064A \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u063A\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u064A\u0642\u062A\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064A\u0627\u062A. \u0623\u0645\u062B\u0644\u0629 \u062A\u0627\u0631\u064A\u062E\u064A\u0629:"@ar . . . . . . "Real union is a union of two or more states, which share some state institutions in contrast to personal unions; however, they are not as unified as states in a political union. It is a development from personal union and has historically been limited to monarchies."@en . . . . . . . "Realunion"@de . . . "Unia realna \u2013 zwi\u0105zek dw\u00F3ch lub wi\u0119kszej liczby pa\u0144stw, oparty na wsp\u00F3lnych instytucjach pa\u0144stwowych. Unia realna rozwin\u0119\u0142a si\u0119 z unii personalnej. Pa\u0144stwa cz\u0142onkowskie tworz\u0105 w ramach unii realnej jeden podmiot prawa mi\u0119dzynarodowego, najcz\u0119\u015Bciej \u2013 jedno pa\u0144stwo."@pl . . "Re\u00E1ln\u00E1 unie je spojen\u00ED dvou a v\u00EDce st\u00E1t\u016F (suver\u00E9nn\u00EDch), kter\u00E9 sd\u00EDlej\u00ED n\u011Bkter\u00E9 st\u00E1tn\u00ED instituce, ale nejsou p\u0159\u00EDmo spojeny do jednoho celku \u010Di st\u00E1tu (jako v p\u0159\u00EDpad\u011B politick\u00E9 unie) a zachov\u00E1vaj\u00ED si sv\u00E1 pr\u00E1va suver\u00E9nn\u00EDch st\u00E1t\u016F. Re\u00E1ln\u00E1 unie se vyvinula z person\u00E1ln\u00ED unie a obvykle se omezuje jen na monarchie. V\u00FDznam slova re\u00E1ln\u00E1 zna\u010D\u00ED \u017Ee jde o skute\u010Dnou unii, nikoliv o unii kr\u00E1lovskou tj. person\u00E1ln\u00ED (ang. royal/real, port. real)"@cs . . . "9006131"^^ .