. "La Pullman's Palace Car Company, est une soci\u00E9t\u00E9 am\u00E9ricaine, fond\u00E9e le 22 f\u00E9vrier 1867 par George Pullman \u00E0 Chicago, qui construisit des wagons de chemin de fer jusque dans les derni\u00E8res d\u00E9cennies du XXe si\u00E8cle. Pullman inventa le concept des wagons-lits qui port\u00E8rent son nom jusque dans les ann\u00E9es 1980. La soci\u00E9t\u00E9 fut plusieurs fois r\u00E9organis\u00E9e et rebaptis\u00E9e, en 1900, elle devient la The Pullman Co., en 1924, la Pullman Car & Manufacturing Co. et enfin, en 1934, la Pullman-Standard Car Manufacturing Company, jusqu'en 1982."@fr . . . . . . "477712"^^ . "The Pullman Company, founded by George Pullman, was a manufacturer of railroad cars in the mid-to-late 19th century through the first half of the 20th century, during the boom of railroads in the United States. Through rapid late-19th century development of mass production and takeover of rivals, the company developed a virtual monopoly on production and ownership of sleeper cars. During a severe economic downturn, the 1894 Pullman Strike by company workers proved a transforming moment in American labor history. At the company's peak in the early 20th century, its cars accommodated 26 million people a year, and it in effect operated \"the largest hotel in the world\". Its production workers initially lived in a planned worker community (or \"company town\") named Pullman, Chicago. Pullman developed the sleeping car, which carried his name into the 1980s. Pullman did not just manufacture the cars, it also operated them on most of the railroads in the United States, paying railroad companies to couple the cars to trains. In return, by the mid-20th century, these railroads would own Pullman outright. A labor union associated with the company, the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, founded and organized by A. Philip Randolph, was one of the most powerful African-American political entities of the 20th century. The company also built thousands of streetcars and trolley buses for use in cities. Post-WWII changes in automobile and airplane transport led to a steep decline in the company's fortunes. It collapsed in 1968, with a successor company continuing operations until 1981."@en . "43449"^^ . "\u30D7\u30EB\u30DE\u30F3 (\u4F01\u696D)"@ja . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Pullman Car Company, yang didirikan oleh , dulu adalah sebuah produsen kereta yang eksis dari pertengahan abad ke-19 hingga pertengahan abad ke-20. Melalui pengembangan produksi massal pada akhir abad ke-19 dan membeli sejumlah kompetitor, perusahaan ini berhasil memonopoli produksi dan kepemilikan . Pada masa kejayaannya di awal abad ke-20, kereta-kereta buatan perusahaan ini dipakai oleh 26 juta orang per tahun, sehingga dapat disebut bahwa perusahaan ini mengoperasikan \"hotel terbesar di dunia\". Para pekerjanya awalnya tinggal di sebuah kota terencana (atau \"\") bernama . Pullman mengembangkan , yang membawa namanya hingga dekade 1980-an. Pullman tidak hanya memproduksi kereta, namun juga mengoperasikannya di hampir seantero Amerika Serika, dengan membayar operator perkeretaapian agar dapat membawa kereta buatannya. Serikat pekerja yang terasosiasi dengan perusahaan ini, , didirikan dan diorganisasikan oleh , yang merupakan salah satu entitas politik Afrika-Amerika terkuat selama abad ke-20. Perusahaan ini juga memproduksi ribuan trem dan bus listrik untuk digunakan di perkotaan. Pasca Perang Dunia II, pergeseran ke mobil dan pesawat terbang membuat laba perusahaan ini turun drastis. Perusahaan ini akhirnya ditutup pada tahun 1968, dengan penerusnya tetap beroperasi hingga tahun 1981."@in . . . . . . . . "Pullman Company"@it . . "\uD480\uBA3C \uCEF4\uD37C\uB2C8"@ko . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "The Pullman Company, founded by George Pullman, was a manufacturer of railroad cars in the mid-to-late 19th century through the first half of the 20th century, during the boom of railroads in the United States. Through rapid late-19th century development of mass production and takeover of rivals, the company developed a virtual monopoly on production and ownership of sleeper cars. During a severe economic downturn, the 1894 Pullman Strike by company workers proved a transforming moment in American labor history. At the company's peak in the early 20th century, its cars accommodated 26 million people a year, and it in effect operated \"the largest hotel in the world\". Its production workers initially lived in a planned worker community (or \"company town\") named Pullman, Chicago."@en . "\uD480\uBA3C\uD330\uB9AC\uC2A4\uCE74 \uD68C\uC0AC(Pullman Palace Car Company)\uB294 \uC870\uC9C0 \uD480\uBA3C\uC774 \uCC3D\uC5C5\uD55C \uAE30\uC5C5\uC73C\uB85C, \uBBF8\uAD6D \uCCA0\uB3C4\uC758 \uC804\uC131\uAE30\uC778 19\uC138\uAE30 \uC911\uBC18\uBD80\uD130 20\uC138\uAE30 \uCD08\uAE4C\uC9C0 \uADA4\uB3C4\uCC28\uB97C \uC0DD\uC0B0\uD588\uB2E4. \uD480\uBA3C\uC0AC\uC758 \uB178\uB3D9\uC790\uB4E4\uC740 \uBCF8\uB798 \uC774\uB77C\uB294 \uACC4\uD68D\uC801 \uB178\uB3D9\uACF5\uB3D9\uCCB4(\uAE30\uC5C5\uB3C4\uC2DC)\uC5D0 \uAC70\uC8FC\uD588\uB2E4. \uD480\uBA3C\uC0AC\uB294 \uCE68\uB300\uCC28\uB97C \uBC1C\uBA85\uD588\uACE0, 1980\uB144\uB300\uAE4C\uC9C0 \uD480\uBA3C\uC0AC\uC5D0\uC11C \uB9CC\uB4E4\uC5B4\uC9C4 \uCE68\uB300\uCC28\uB4E4\uC774 \uAD74\uB7EC\uB2E4\uB154\uB2E4. \uD480\uBA3C\uC740 \uB2E8\uC21C\uD788 \uCC28\uB7C9 \uC81C\uC870\uB9CC \uD558\uC9C0 \uC54A\uACE0, \uB2F9\uB300 \uBBF8\uAD6D \uCCA0\uB3C4 \uB300\uBD80\uBD84\uC744 \uC7A5\uC545\uD588\uB2E4. \uC774 \uD68C\uC0AC\uC758 \uB178\uB3D9\uC870\uD569\uC774 \uC544\uC0AC \uD544\uB9BD \uB79C\uB3CC\uD504\uAC00 \uC138\uC6B4 \uC774\uB2E4. \uC774 \uB178\uC870\uB294 20\uC138\uAE30\uAE4C\uC9C0 \uAC00\uC7A5 \uAC15\uB825\uD55C \uD751\uC778 \uB2E8\uCCB4\uB85C \uAE30\uB2A5\uD558\uAE30\uB3C4 \uD588\uB2E4. \uD480\uBA3C\uC0AC\uB294 \uC5F4\uCC28 \uC678\uC5D0\uB3C4 \uC218\uB9CC \uB300\uC758 \uB178\uBA74\uC804\uCC28, \uD2B8\uB864\uB9AC\uBC84\uC2A4\uB3C4 \uB9CC\uB4E4\uC5C8\uB2E4."@ko . . . . "United States/Worldwide"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u30D7\u30EB\u30DE\u30F3\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E: Pullman Incorporated\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u30B8\u30E7\u30FC\u30B8\u30FB\u30D7\u30EB\u30DE\u30F3\u304C1867\u5E74\u306B\u8A2D\u7ACB\u3057\u300119\u4E16\u7D00\u4E2D\u9803\u304B\u308920\u4E16\u7D00\u534A\u3070\u306B\u639B\u3051\u3066\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u5408\u8846\u56FD\u3092\u4E2D\u5FC3\u306B\u9244\u9053\u8ECA\u4E21\u306E\u88FD\u9020\u3068\u3001\u5BDD\u53F0\u8ECA\u306E\u904B\u884C\u696D\u52D9\u3092\u884C\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305F\u4F1A\u793E\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . . . . . . . "1968-12-31"^^ . "Die Pullman Palace Car Company, die von George Mortimer Pullman gegr\u00FCndet wurde, stellte von Mitte bis Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts bis in die ersten Jahrzehnte des 20. Jahrhunderts, also in der Bl\u00FCtezeit des Eisenbahnbaus in den USA, Eisenbahnwagen her. Pullman entwickelte einen Schlafwagen, der bis in die 1980er Jahre seinen Namen trug. Die Gewerkschaft, die mit dieser Firma verbunden war, die , war eine der m\u00E4chtigsten afro-amerikanischen Organisationen des 20. Jahrhunderts."@de . "Pullman Car Company, yang didirikan oleh , dulu adalah sebuah produsen kereta yang eksis dari pertengahan abad ke-19 hingga pertengahan abad ke-20. Melalui pengembangan produksi massal pada akhir abad ke-19 dan membeli sejumlah kompetitor, perusahaan ini berhasil memonopoli produksi dan kepemilikan . Pada masa kejayaannya di awal abad ke-20, kereta-kereta buatan perusahaan ini dipakai oleh 26 juta orang per tahun, sehingga dapat disebut bahwa perusahaan ini mengoperasikan \"hotel terbesar di dunia\". Para pekerjanya awalnya tinggal di sebuah kota terencana (atau \"\") bernama ."@in . "Locomotives"@en . . . . . "Die Pullman Palace Car Company, die von George Mortimer Pullman gegr\u00FCndet wurde, stellte von Mitte bis Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts bis in die ersten Jahrzehnte des 20. Jahrhunderts, also in der Bl\u00FCtezeit des Eisenbahnbaus in den USA, Eisenbahnwagen her. Pullman entwickelte einen Schlafwagen, der bis in die 1980er Jahre seinen Namen trug. Die Gewerkschaft, die mit dieser Firma verbunden war, die , war eine der m\u00E4chtigsten afro-amerikanischen Organisationen des 20. Jahrhunderts."@de . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "La Pullman Company, fondata da George Pullman, era un'azienda produttrice di vagoni ferroviari tra la met\u00E0 e la fine del XIX secolo fino alla prima met\u00E0 del XX secolo, durante il massimo sviluppo delle ferrovie negli Stati Uniti. Attraverso la rapida adozione della produzione di massa alla fine del XIX secolo e l'acquisizione di aziende rivali, arriv\u00F2 a detenere un sostanziale monopolio sulla produzione e la propriet\u00E0 di vagoni letto. Al suo apice, all'inizio del XX secolo, le sue carrozze ospitavano 26 milioni di persone all'anno, e in effetti gestiva \"il pi\u00F9 grande hotel del mondo\". I suoi operai di produzione inizialmente vivevano in una comunit\u00E0 di lavoratori pianificata (o \"citt\u00E0 aziendale\") chiamata Pullman a Chicago. La Pullman progett\u00F2 il vagone letto, che port\u00F2 questo nome fino agli anni 1980. Non si limitava a fabbricare i vagoni, ma li gestiva anche sulla maggior parte delle ferrovie degli Stati Uniti, pagando le compagnie ferroviarie per accoppiare le sue carrozze letto ai treni; in cambio, entro la met\u00E0 del XX secolo, queste ferrovie avrebbero posseduto Pullman a titolo definitivo. Il sindacato interno all'azienda, la Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, fondato e organizzato da Asa Philip Randolph, fu una delle pi\u00F9 potenti entit\u00E0 politiche afroamericane del XX secolo. L'azienda costru\u00EC anche migliaia di tram e filobus per l'uso in citt\u00E0. I cambiamenti del secondo dopoguerra nel trasporto automobilistico e aereo portarono a un forte declino delle fortune dell'azienda. Si fuse nel 1968, con una societ\u00E0 successiva che continu\u00F2 a essere operativa fino al 1981."@it . . . . . "\u041F\u0443\u043B\u044C\u043C\u0430\u043D (\u043A\u043E\u043C\u043F\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F)"@ru . . "La Pullman's Palace Car Company, est une soci\u00E9t\u00E9 am\u00E9ricaine, fond\u00E9e le 22 f\u00E9vrier 1867 par George Pullman \u00E0 Chicago, qui construisit des wagons de chemin de fer jusque dans les derni\u00E8res d\u00E9cennies du XXe si\u00E8cle. Pullman inventa le concept des wagons-lits qui port\u00E8rent son nom jusque dans les ann\u00E9es 1980. La soci\u00E9t\u00E9 fut plusieurs fois r\u00E9organis\u00E9e et rebaptis\u00E9e, en 1900, elle devient la The Pullman Co., en 1924, la Pullman Car & Manufacturing Co. et enfin, en 1934, la Pullman-Standard Car Manufacturing Company, jusqu'en 1982."@fr . "People movers"@en . . . . "Trolleybuses"@en . . . . . . "\u041A\u043E\u043C\u043F\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F \u041F\u0443\u043B\u044C\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0430, \u041A\u043E\u043C\u043F\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F \u041F\u0443\u043B\u044C\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0430 \u043F\u043E \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043E\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443 \u0432\u0430\u0433\u043E\u043D\u043E\u0432 \u043B\u044E\u043A\u0441 (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. Pullman Palace Car Company), \u041A\u043E\u043C\u043F\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F \u043F\u043E \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043E\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443 \u0432\u0430\u0433\u043E\u043D\u043E\u0432 \u043B\u044E\u043A\u0441 (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. Palace Car Company) \u2014 \u043D\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u043A\u043E\u043C\u043F\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0438 \u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0414\u0436\u043E\u0440\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043C \u041F\u0443\u043B\u044C\u043C\u0430\u043D\u043E\u043C, \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043E\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C \u043F\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430\u0436\u0438\u0440\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0430\u0433\u043E\u043D\u043E\u0432 \u0438 \u043E\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0440 \u043F\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430\u0436\u0438\u0440\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u0436\u0435\u043B\u0435\u0437\u043D\u043E\u0434\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0436\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043E\u0437\u043E\u043A \u0441 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043D\u044B XIX \u0432\u0435\u043A\u0430 \u0434\u043E \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043D\u044B XX \u0432\u0435\u043A\u0430. \u041A\u043E\u043C\u043F\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u044F \u0432\u044B\u0432\u0435\u043B\u0430 \u043D\u0430 \u0440\u044B\u043D\u043E\u043A \u043E\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0441\u043F\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0432\u0430\u0433\u043E\u043D \u0438 \u0432\u0430\u0433\u043E\u043D-\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0430\u043D. \u0421\u0432\u044F\u0437\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0441 \u043A\u043E\u043C\u043F\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0444\u0441\u043E\u044E\u0437 Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters (\u0411\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0434\u043D\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0432 \u0441\u043F\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0432\u0430\u0433\u043E\u043D\u043E\u0432), \u0431\u044B\u043B \u043E\u0434\u043D\u0438\u043C \u0438\u0437 \u0437\u0430\u043C\u0435\u0442\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u044F\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u043D\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044F\u043D\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0441\u043E\u043E\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0432 \u0430\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u043E\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043D\u0438 \u0432 XX \u0432\u0435\u043A\u0435. \u0422\u0430\u043A\u0436\u0435 \u043A\u043E\u043C\u043F\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043E\u0434\u0438\u043B\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043C\u0432\u0430\u0438 \u0438 \u0442\u0440\u043E\u043B\u043B\u0435\u0439\u0431\u0443\u0441\u044B."@ru . . . . . . . . . "Trams"@en . . . . . . . "De British Pullman Car Company (PCC) werd in 1881 opgericht en was genoemd naar de Amerikaanse rijtuigbouwer George M. Pullman, die in 1865 het slaaprijtuig in de Verenigde Staten introduceerde. Het Britse bedrijf maakte luxe passagierswagons voor het treinverkeer in het Verenigd Koninkrijk. Vijf jaren eerder was de Compagnie Internationale des Wagons-Lits (CIWL) opgericht. Wagons-Lits maakte teakhouten slaap-, restauratie- en salonrijtuigen met teakhouten interieurs. Deze wagons werden ingezet op het Europese continent. Hun eerste grote reis was de Ori\u00EBnt-Express in 1883. In 1870 kwam George Pullman naar Engeland, waarna hij met Midland Railway zaken deed. Een van die eerste wagons, de Midland, is (in slechte staat) bewaard gebleven in . Tijdens de Eerste Wereldoorlog hadden beide bedrijven dezelfde voorzitter, Sir Dalziel, en later Lord de Wooler. De concurrentie veranderde in samenwerking. Toen de rijtuigen van Wagons-Lits verouderden, werden ze vervangen door Pullman-wagons."@nl . . . . . . . . "Pullman (bedrijf)"@nl . . "Rail transport"@en . "Pullman Company"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Absorbed by Bombardier Transportation"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Pullman Palace Car Company"@de . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "co/072574"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u30D7\u30EB\u30DE\u30F3\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E: Pullman Incorporated\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u30B8\u30E7\u30FC\u30B8\u30FB\u30D7\u30EB\u30DE\u30F3\u304C1867\u5E74\u306B\u8A2D\u7ACB\u3057\u300119\u4E16\u7D00\u4E2D\u9803\u304B\u308920\u4E16\u7D00\u534A\u3070\u306B\u639B\u3051\u3066\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u5408\u8846\u56FD\u3092\u4E2D\u5FC3\u306B\u9244\u9053\u8ECA\u4E21\u306E\u88FD\u9020\u3068\u3001\u5BDD\u53F0\u8ECA\u306E\u904B\u884C\u696D\u52D9\u3092\u884C\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305F\u4F1A\u793E\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . "1900"^^ . . . . . . . . . "Absorbed byBombardier Transportation(1987)"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . "1968-12-31"^^ . . "Pullman Company"@fr . . . . . . . . . "Chicago, Illinois, U.S."@en . . . "1112725770"^^ . . . . . . . . . . "De British Pullman Car Company (PCC) werd in 1881 opgericht en was genoemd naar de Amerikaanse rijtuigbouwer George M. Pullman, die in 1865 het slaaprijtuig in de Verenigde Staten introduceerde. Het Britse bedrijf maakte luxe passagierswagons voor het treinverkeer in het Verenigd Koninkrijk. Vijf jaren eerder was de Compagnie Internationale des Wagons-Lits (CIWL) opgericht. Wagons-Lits maakte teakhouten slaap-, restauratie- en salonrijtuigen met teakhouten interieurs. Deze wagons werden ingezet op het Europese continent. Hun eerste grote reis was de Ori\u00EBnt-Express in 1883."@nl . . . . "\uD480\uBA3C\uD330\uB9AC\uC2A4\uCE74 \uD68C\uC0AC(Pullman Palace Car Company)\uB294 \uC870\uC9C0 \uD480\uBA3C\uC774 \uCC3D\uC5C5\uD55C \uAE30\uC5C5\uC73C\uB85C, \uBBF8\uAD6D \uCCA0\uB3C4\uC758 \uC804\uC131\uAE30\uC778 19\uC138\uAE30 \uC911\uBC18\uBD80\uD130 20\uC138\uAE30 \uCD08\uAE4C\uC9C0 \uADA4\uB3C4\uCC28\uB97C \uC0DD\uC0B0\uD588\uB2E4. \uD480\uBA3C\uC0AC\uC758 \uB178\uB3D9\uC790\uB4E4\uC740 \uBCF8\uB798 \uC774\uB77C\uB294 \uACC4\uD68D\uC801 \uB178\uB3D9\uACF5\uB3D9\uCCB4(\uAE30\uC5C5\uB3C4\uC2DC)\uC5D0 \uAC70\uC8FC\uD588\uB2E4. \uD480\uBA3C\uC0AC\uB294 \uCE68\uB300\uCC28\uB97C \uBC1C\uBA85\uD588\uACE0, 1980\uB144\uB300\uAE4C\uC9C0 \uD480\uBA3C\uC0AC\uC5D0\uC11C \uB9CC\uB4E4\uC5B4\uC9C4 \uCE68\uB300\uCC28\uB4E4\uC774 \uAD74\uB7EC\uB2E4\uB154\uB2E4. \uD480\uBA3C\uC740 \uB2E8\uC21C\uD788 \uCC28\uB7C9 \uC81C\uC870\uB9CC \uD558\uC9C0 \uC54A\uACE0, \uB2F9\uB300 \uBBF8\uAD6D \uCCA0\uB3C4 \uB300\uBD80\uBD84\uC744 \uC7A5\uC545\uD588\uB2E4. \uC774 \uD68C\uC0AC\uC758 \uB178\uB3D9\uC870\uD569\uC774 \uC544\uC0AC \uD544\uB9BD \uB79C\uB3CC\uD504\uAC00 \uC138\uC6B4 \uC774\uB2E4. \uC774 \uB178\uC870\uB294 20\uC138\uAE30\uAE4C\uC9C0 \uAC00\uC7A5 \uAC15\uB825\uD55C \uD751\uC778 \uB2E8\uCCB4\uB85C \uAE30\uB2A5\uD558\uAE30\uB3C4 \uD588\uB2E4. \uD480\uBA3C\uC0AC\uB294 \uC5F4\uCC28 \uC678\uC5D0\uB3C4 \uC218\uB9CC \uB300\uC758 \uB178\uBA74\uC804\uCC28, \uD2B8\uB864\uB9AC\uBC84\uC2A4\uB3C4 \uB9CC\uB4E4\uC5C8\uB2E4."@ko . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Documents and clippings about"@en . . . "Pullman Company"@in . "La Pullman Company, fondata da George Pullman, era un'azienda produttrice di vagoni ferroviari tra la met\u00E0 e la fine del XIX secolo fino alla prima met\u00E0 del XX secolo, durante il massimo sviluppo delle ferrovie negli Stati Uniti. Attraverso la rapida adozione della produzione di massa alla fine del XIX secolo e l'acquisizione di aziende rivali, arriv\u00F2 a detenere un sostanziale monopolio sulla produzione e la propriet\u00E0 di vagoni letto."@it . "\u041A\u043E\u043C\u043F\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F \u041F\u0443\u043B\u044C\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0430, \u041A\u043E\u043C\u043F\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F \u041F\u0443\u043B\u044C\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0430 \u043F\u043E \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043E\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443 \u0432\u0430\u0433\u043E\u043D\u043E\u0432 \u043B\u044E\u043A\u0441 (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. Pullman Palace Car Company), \u041A\u043E\u043C\u043F\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F \u043F\u043E \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043E\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443 \u0432\u0430\u0433\u043E\u043D\u043E\u0432 \u043B\u044E\u043A\u0441 (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. Palace Car Company) \u2014 \u043D\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u043A\u043E\u043C\u043F\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0438 \u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0414\u0436\u043E\u0440\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043C \u041F\u0443\u043B\u044C\u043C\u0430\u043D\u043E\u043C, \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043E\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C \u043F\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430\u0436\u0438\u0440\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0430\u0433\u043E\u043D\u043E\u0432 \u0438 \u043E\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0440 \u043F\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430\u0436\u0438\u0440\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u0436\u0435\u043B\u0435\u0437\u043D\u043E\u0434\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0436\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043E\u0437\u043E\u043A \u0441 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043D\u044B XIX \u0432\u0435\u043A\u0430 \u0434\u043E \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043D\u044B XX \u0432\u0435\u043A\u0430."@ru .