"Concertazione (termine mutuato dalla musica) \u00E8 un termine utilizzato in Italia che si riferisce ad una pratica di governo che tende a operare scelte economiche attraverso una consultazione preventiva delle parti sociali, principalmente sindacati ma anche associazioni di categoria o appartenenti al terzo settore. La concertazione \u00E8 praticata anche a livello decentrato (gli interlocutori di parte pubblica, in questo caso, sono le regioni e gli enti locali) in tema di politiche sociali, sanit\u00E0 e sviluppo territoriale."@it . . "\u041F\u0443\u0431\u043B\u0438\u0447\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u0441\u043B\u0443\u0448\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F \u044F\u0432\u043B\u044F\u044E\u0442\u0441\u044F \u043E\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u044F \u043D\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0432 \u043E\u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0438 \u043C\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0441\u0430\u043C\u043E\u0443\u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F.\u041F\u0443\u0431\u043B\u0438\u0447\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u0441\u043B\u0443\u0448\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F \u2014 \u044D\u0442\u043E \u0432\u043E\u0437\u043C\u043E\u0436\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043D \u0432\u043B\u0438\u044F\u0442\u044C \u043D\u0430 \u0441\u043E\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043D\u0438\u043C\u0430\u0435\u043C\u044B\u0445 \u043C\u0443\u043D\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043F\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043E\u0432\u044B\u0445 \u0430\u043A\u0442\u043E\u0432 \u0438 \u044F\u0432\u043B\u044F\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043D\u044B\u043C \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u043C \u043C\u0443\u043D\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043F\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u043C\u043E\u043A\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0438. \u041E\u043D\u0438 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0434\u044F\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0441 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0435\u043C \u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u0435\u0439 \u043C\u0443\u043D\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043F\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043E\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0434\u043B\u044F \u043E\u0431\u0441\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0435\u043A\u0442\u043E\u0432 \u043C\u0443\u043D\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043F\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043E\u0432\u044B\u0445 \u0430\u043A\u0442\u043E\u0432 \u0438 \u043F\u043E \u0432\u043E\u043F\u0440\u043E\u0441\u0430\u043C \u043C\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0437\u043D\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F. \u041F\u0443\u0431\u043B\u0438\u0447\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u0441\u043B\u0443\u0448\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043D\u044B \u043E\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044C \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0442 \u043C\u043D\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u043D\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0420\u043E\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0424\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0438 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043D\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0432\u043E\u043F\u0440\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0432. \u041F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043E\u043F\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0430\u044F \u043F\u0440\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0430 \u0432 \u0420\u043E\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0424\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043D\u0430 \u0430\u043A\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u043F\u0443\u0431\u043B\u0438\u0447\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0441\u043B\u0443\u0448\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0439 (\u043D\u0430\u043F\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0435\u0440, \u0442\u043E\u043B\u044C\u043A\u043E \u0432 2007 \u0433. \u043D\u0430 \u043C\u0443\u043D\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043F\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u043C \u0443\u0440\u043E\u0432\u043D\u0435 \u0431\u044B\u043B\u043E \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043D\u043E \u043F\u043E\u0447\u0442\u0438 48 \u0442\u044B\u0441\u044F\u0447 \u043F\u0443\u0431\u043B\u0438\u0447\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0441\u043B\u0443\u0448\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0439, \u043D\u0430 \u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u044B\u0435 \u0431\u044B\u043B\u043E \u0432\u044B\u043D\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043D\u043E \u043F\u043E\u0440\u044F\u0434\u043A\u0430 50 \u0442\u044B\u0441\u044F\u0447 \u0432\u043E\u043F\u0440\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0432)."@ru . . . "\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629"@ar . . . . . . . . . . . "\uD37C\uBE14\uB9AD \uCF54\uBA58\uD2B8"@ko . "\u30D1\u30D6\u30EA\u30C3\u30AF\u30B3\u30E1\u30F3\u30C8\u3068\u306F\u3001\u516C\u7684\u306A\u6A5F\u95A2\u304C\u898F\u5247\u3042\u308B\u3044\u306F\u547D\u4EE4\u306A\u3069\u306E\u985E\u306E\u3082\u306E\u3092\u5236\u5B9A\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3059\u308B\u3068\u304D\u306B\u3001\u5E83\u304F\u516C\u306B\uFF08=\u30D1\u30D6\u30EA\u30C3\u30AF\uFF09\u3001\u610F\u898B\u30FB\u60C5\u5831\u30FB\u6539\u5584\u6848\u306A\u3069\uFF08=\u30B3\u30E1\u30F3\u30C8\uFF09\u3092\u6C42\u3081\u308B\u624B\u7D9A\u304D\u3092\u3044\u3046\u3002\u516C\u7684\u306A\u6A5F\u95A2\u304C\u898F\u5247\u306A\u3069\u3092\u5B9A\u3081\u308B\u524D\u306B\u3001\u305D\u306E\u5F71\u97FF\u304C\u53CA\u3076\u5BFE\u8C61\u8005\u306A\u3069\u306E\u610F\u898B\u3092\u4E8B\u524D\u306B\u8074\u53D6\u3057\u3001\u305D\u306E\u7D50\u679C\u3092\u53CD\u6620\u3055\u305B\u308B\u3053\u3068\u306B\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3001\u3088\u308A\u3088\u3044\u884C\u653F\u3092\u76EE\u6307\u3059\u3082\u306E\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u901A\u79F0\u30D1\u30D6\u30B3\u30E1\u3002 \u306A\u304A\u3001\u82F1\u8A9E\u3067\u306Fpublic comment\u306E\u4ED6\u306Bpublic consultation\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8A00\u3044\u65B9\u3082\u306A\u3055\u308C\u308B\u3002"@ja . "Concertazione (termine mutuato dalla musica) \u00E8 un termine utilizzato in Italia che si riferisce ad una pratica di governo che tende a operare scelte economiche attraverso una consultazione preventiva delle parti sociali, principalmente sindacati ma anche associazioni di categoria o appartenenti al terzo settore. \u00C8 una pratica adottata alla fine del ventesimo secolo ed utilizzata per superare il famigerato binomio conflittuale tra sindacati e governo; infatti l'obiettivo della concertazione \u00E8 la pace sociale. Tuttavia, questo sistema \u00E8 entrato in crisi a causa venendo meno l'accordo fra i diversi portatori d'interessi. In particolare la concertazione trova ampia applicazione in materia di mercato del lavoro, salari e contrattazione collettiva, organizzazione della previdenza sociale. Al metodo concertativo si \u00E8 frequentemente fatto ricorso anche in relazione alle grandi scelte pubbliche sulla politica fiscale e della finanza pubblica, pi\u00F9 in genere, sulla politica economica. La concertazione \u00E8 praticata anche a livello decentrato (gli interlocutori di parte pubblica, in questo caso, sono le regioni e gli enti locali) in tema di politiche sociali, sanit\u00E0 e sviluppo territoriale. Si differenzia dal corporativismo perch\u00E9 non si propone di alterare il sistema economico-sociale e neppure di affermare un'indistinta ed assoluta cooperazione fra le parti sociali, ma di realizzare un sistema di consultazione e comune decisione sulle regole e le principali scelte della politica economica, all'interno di un sistema democratico e basato su un'economia di mercato."@it . . "\u653F\u5E9C\u673A\u6784\u5173\u4E8E\u516C\u5171\u8A00\u8BBA\uFF0C\u4E00\u822C\u6709\u7279\u5B9A\u7684\u6CD5\u89C4\u548C\u8981\u6C42\u673A\u6784\u516C\u5171\u805A\u4F1A\u7684\u673A\u4F1A\u3002\u7F8E\u56FD\u7684\u8054\u90A6\u3001\u5DDE\u3001\u53BF\u3001\u5730\u533A\u3001\u4E2D\u95F4\u673A\u6784\u548C\u5F53\u5730\u884C\u653F\u957F\u5B98\u3001\u7ACB\u6CD5\u548C\u53F8\u6CD5\u673A\u6784\u6709\u4E0D\u540C\u7684\u4E60\u60EF\u548C\u6761\u4F8B\uFF0C\u4F46\u662F\u90FD\u5C5E\u4E8E\u6C11\u4E3B\u5BAA\u6CD5\u81EA\u7531\u8A00\u8BBA\u7684\u7EC4\u6210\u90E8\u5206\u3002"@zh . . . "Konsultacja spo\u0142eczna \u2014 instytucja demokracji bezpo\u015Bredniej (inne instytucje: referendum, inicjatywa ludowa, zgromadzenie ludowe) Polega na wyra\u017Ceniu przez cz\u0142onk\u00F3w zbiorowo\u015Bci opinii w przedstawionej sprawie. Tworzy si\u0119 w ten spos\u00F3b dwustronna relacja, powstaj\u0105ca z inicjatywy administracji pa\u0144stwowej. W odr\u00F3\u017Cnieniu od referendum wyniki konsultacji nie s\u0105 wi\u0105\u017C\u0105ce dla organ\u00F3w w\u0142adzy publicznej."@pl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u064A \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u062A\u0646\u0638\u064A\u0645\u064A\u0629 \u062A\u0628\u062D\u062B \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u064A\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u064A\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064A\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u062A\u0624\u062B\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064A\u0647\u0645. \u0648\u062A\u062A\u0645\u062B\u0644 \u0623\u0647\u062F\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064A\u0633\u064A\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u062A\u062D\u0633\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064A\u0639 \u0630\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064A\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062A. \u0648\u0647\u064A \u0639\u0627\u062F\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u062A\u062A\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062A\u0646\u0628\u064A\u0647\u0627\u064B (\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062F \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0634\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064A\u0647)\u060C \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062A\u0634\u0627\u0648\u0631 (\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062A\u062F\u0641\u0642 \u0630\u0648 \u0627\u062A\u062C\u0627\u0647\u064A\u0646 \u0644\u062A\u0628\u0627\u062F\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062A \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621) \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 (\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062C\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062A \u0630\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062D\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0635\u064A\u0627\u063A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064A\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0634\u0631\u064A\u0639). \u0648\u064A\u064F\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0633\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u00AB\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0634\u062A\u0627\u064A\u0646\u00BB \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u062F\u0627\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062A\u062E\u062F\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062A\u0648\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0645\u062E\u062A\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062C\u062A\u0645\u0639\u064A\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062A\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629."@ar . . . . . . . . "\u041F\u0443\u0431\u043B\u0438\u0447\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u0441\u043B\u0443\u0448\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F"@ru . "\u516C\u4F17\u8A00\u8BBA"@zh . . . . . . "Una consulta p\u00FAblica es un proceso regulatorio mediante el cual se busca la opini\u00F3n de un grupo de personas sobre asuntos que les afectan. Sus principales objetivos son mejorar la eficiencia, la transparencia\u200B y la participaci\u00F3n p\u00FAblica en proyectos o leyes y pol\u00EDticas a gran escala. Suele implicar notificaci\u00F3n (para dar a conocer el asunto que se va a consultar), consulta (un flujo bidireccional de informaci\u00F3n e intercambio de opiniones) as\u00ED como participaci\u00F3n (involucrando a los grupos de inter\u00E9s en la elaboraci\u00F3n de pol\u00EDticas o leyes). Una herramienta de uso frecuente para comprender los diferentes niveles de participaci\u00F3n comunitaria en la consulta se conoce como la escalera de Arnstein, aunque algunos acad\u00E9micos cuestionan que la escalera de Arnstein es contextualmente espec\u00EDfica y no pretend\u00EDa ser una herramienta universal.\u200B Se consideran consultas ineficaces aquellas consultas cosm\u00E9ticas que se realizan por mera obligaci\u00F3n o espect\u00E1culo y no una verdadera toma de decisiones participativa. Las consultas p\u00FAblicas se llevan a cabo normalmente en pa\u00EDses de la Commonwealth como el Reino Unido, Canad\u00E1,\u200B Nueva Zelanda o Australia, aunque la mayor\u00EDa de los pa\u00EDses democr\u00E1ticos tienen sistemas similares. En los Estados Unidos, por ejemplo, este proceso se denomina \u00ABaviso y comentario p\u00FAblico\u00BB (v\u00E9ase potestad reglamentaria). Algunas organizaciones, como la OCDE, tambi\u00E9n utilizan estos procesos.\u200B En Canad\u00E1, la palabra consultation tiene un significado especial entre algunos grupos de las Primeras Naciones: \u00ABes deber de la Corona y de terceros consultar con las Primeras Naciones que han afirmado, pero no probado, derechos o t\u00EDtulos abor\u00EDgenes\u00BB.\u200B Existe una gran variedad de consultas p\u00FAblicas. En algunos pa\u00EDses hay una lista de todas las consultas, o las consultas se mencionan en las noticias habituales. Dependiendo del pa\u00EDs puede haber consultas p\u00FAblicas nacionales o regionales. Los sistemas autoritarios generalmente tienden a ver con malos ojos las consultas p\u00FAblicas. En los escritos de Benito Mussolini, expres\u00F3 la opini\u00F3n de que el fascismo ofrece \u00ABlibertad\u00BB de expresi\u00F3n, pero s\u00F3lo a las personas que estaban \u00ABcalificadas\u00BB para tener una opini\u00F3n.\u200B De manera similar, en el desarrollo hist\u00F3rico del nazismo, los comentaristas p\u00FAblicos en los m\u00EDtines oficiales del Partido Nacionalsocialista Obrero fueron golpeados con frecuencia por la mafia o, si hab\u00EDa un gran n\u00FAmero de personas que apoyaban al comentarista adverso, estallaban peleas.\u200B"@es . . "\uD37C\uBE14\uB9AD \uCF54\uBA58\uD2B8(Public Comment)\uB780 \uC2DC\uBBFC\uB4E4\uC774 \uC2DC\uC815 \uD604\uC548 \uB4F1\uC5D0 \uB300\uD574 \uC785\uC7A5\uC744 \uBC1D\uD788\uACE0 \uC2DC\uC7A5\uACFC \uC2DC\uC758\uC6D0\uC740 \uC758\uBB34\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uACBD\uCCAD\uD558\uB294 \uC81C\uB3C4\uC774\uB2E4."@ko . "\u041F\u0443\u0431\u043B\u0438\u0447\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u0441\u043B\u0443\u0448\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F \u044F\u0432\u043B\u044F\u044E\u0442\u0441\u044F \u043E\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u044F \u043D\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0432 \u043E\u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0438 \u043C\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0441\u0430\u043C\u043E\u0443\u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F.\u041F\u0443\u0431\u043B\u0438\u0447\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u0441\u043B\u0443\u0448\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F \u2014 \u044D\u0442\u043E \u0432\u043E\u0437\u043C\u043E\u0436\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043D \u0432\u043B\u0438\u044F\u0442\u044C \u043D\u0430 \u0441\u043E\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043D\u0438\u043C\u0430\u0435\u043C\u044B\u0445 \u043C\u0443\u043D\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043F\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043E\u0432\u044B\u0445 \u0430\u043A\u0442\u043E\u0432 \u0438 \u044F\u0432\u043B\u044F\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043D\u044B\u043C \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u043C \u043C\u0443\u043D\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043F\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u043C\u043E\u043A\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0438. \u041E\u043D\u0438 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0434\u044F\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0441 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0435\u043C \u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u0435\u0439 \u043C\u0443\u043D\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043F\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043E\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0434\u043B\u044F \u043E\u0431\u0441\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0435\u043A\u0442\u043E\u0432 \u043C\u0443\u043D\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043F\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043E\u0432\u044B\u0445 \u0430\u043A\u0442\u043E\u0432 \u0438 \u043F\u043E \u0432\u043E\u043F\u0440\u043E\u0441\u0430\u043C \u043C\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0437\u043D\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F. \u041F\u0443\u0431\u043B\u0438\u0447\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u0441\u043B\u0443\u0448\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043D\u044B \u043E\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044C \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0442 \u043C\u043D\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u043D\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0420\u043E\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0424\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0438 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043D\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0432\u043E\u043F\u0440\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0432. \u041F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043E\u043F\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0430\u044F \u043F\u0440\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0430 \u0432 \u0420\u043E\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0424\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043D\u0430 \u0430\u043A\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u043F\u0443\u0431\u043B\u0438\u0447\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0441\u043B\u0443\u0448\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0439 (\u043D\u0430\u043F\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0435\u0440, \u0442\u043E\u043B\u044C\u043A\u043E \u0432 2007 \u0433. \u043D\u0430 \u043C\u0443\u043D\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043F\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u043C \u0443\u0440\u043E\u0432\u043D\u0435 \u0431\u044B\u043B\u043E \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043D\u043E \u043F\u043E\u0447\u0442\u0438 48 \u0442\u044B\u0441\u044F\u0447 \u043F\u0443\u0431\u043B\u0438\u0447\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0441\u043B\u0443\u0448\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0439, \u043D\u0430 \u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u044B\u0435 \u0431\u044B\u043B\u043E \u0432\u044B\u043D\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043D\u043E \u043F\u043E\u0440\u044F\u0434\u043A\u0430 50 \u0442\u044B\u0441\u044F\u0447 \u0432\u043E\u043F\u0440\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0432)."@ru . . . . . "10812093"^^ . . . . "Ve\u0159ejn\u00E1 konzultace"@cs . . . . "\u30D1\u30D6\u30EA\u30C3\u30AF\u30B3\u30E1\u30F3\u30C8"@ja . . . . . "Public consultation (Commonwealth countries and European Union), public comment (US), or simply consultation, is a regulatory process by which the public's input on matters affecting them is sought. Its main goals are in improving the efficiency, transparency and public involvement in large-scale projects or laws and policies. It usually involves notification (to publicise the matter to be consulted on), consultation (a two-way flow of information and opinion exchange) as well as participation (involving interest groups in the drafting of policy or legislation). A frequently used tool for understanding different levels of community participation in consultation is known as Arnstein's ladder, although some academics contest that Arnstein's ladder is contextually specific and was not intende"@en . . . "19435"^^ . . . . "\uD37C\uBE14\uB9AD \uCF54\uBA58\uD2B8(Public Comment)\uB780 \uC2DC\uBBFC\uB4E4\uC774 \uC2DC\uC815 \uD604\uC548 \uB4F1\uC5D0 \uB300\uD574 \uC785\uC7A5\uC744 \uBC1D\uD788\uACE0 \uC2DC\uC7A5\uACFC \uC2DC\uC758\uC6D0\uC740 \uC758\uBB34\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uACBD\uCCAD\uD558\uB294 \uC81C\uB3C4\uC774\uB2E4."@ko . . . . . "Public consultation (Commonwealth countries and European Union), public comment (US), or simply consultation, is a regulatory process by which the public's input on matters affecting them is sought. Its main goals are in improving the efficiency, transparency and public involvement in large-scale projects or laws and policies. It usually involves notification (to publicise the matter to be consulted on), consultation (a two-way flow of information and opinion exchange) as well as participation (involving interest groups in the drafting of policy or legislation). A frequently used tool for understanding different levels of community participation in consultation is known as Arnstein's ladder, although some academics contest that Arnstein's ladder is contextually specific and was not intended to be a universal tool. Ineffective consultations are considered to be cosmetic consultations that were done due to obligation or show and not true participatory decision making. Public comment (or \"vox populi\") is a public meeting of government bodies which set aside time for public comments, usually upon documents. Such documents may either be reports such as Draft Environmental Impact Reports (DEIR's) or new regulations. There is typically a notice which is posted on the web and mailed to lists of interested parties known to the government agencies. If there is to be a change of regulations, there will be a formal notice of proposed rulemaking. The basis for public comment is found in general political theory of constitutional democracy as originated during and after the Enlightenment, particularly by Rousseau. This basis was elaborated in the American Revolution, and various thinkers such as Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson and Thomas Paine are associated with the rejection of tyrannical, closed government decision making in favor of open government. The tradition of the New England Town Hall is believed to be rooted in this early American movement, and the distillation of formal public comment in official proceedings in the United States is a direct application of this format in the workings of public administration itself."@en . . "Public consultation"@en . . . . . "La concertation est l\u2019action de d\u00E9battre, dans le cadre d'un dialogue engag\u00E9 entre tous les acteurs concern\u00E9s, qui \u00E9changent leurs arguments, afin de prendre en compte les divers points de vue exprim\u00E9s et de faire ainsi \u00E9merger l\u2019int\u00E9r\u00EAt g\u00E9n\u00E9ral, en amont de la mise en forme d\u2019une proposition, avant de s\u2019accorder en vue d\u2019un projet commun. La concertation se distingue de la n\u00E9gociation en ce qu\u2019elle n\u2019aboutit pas n\u00E9cessairement \u00E0 une d\u00E9cision, mais qu\u2019elle vise \u00E0 la pr\u00E9parer."@fr . . . . "Ve\u0159ejn\u00E1 konzultace je proces, p\u0159i n\u011Bm\u017E ve\u0159ejnost m\u016F\u017Ee projevit sv\u016Fj n\u00E1zor na z\u00E1le\u017Eitosti, kter\u00E9 se j\u00ED t\u00FDkaj\u00ED. Jej\u00EDm hlavn\u00EDm c\u00EDlem je zlep\u0161it \u00FA\u010Dinnost, transparentnost a zapojen\u00ED ve\u0159ejnosti do rozs\u00E1hl\u00FDch projekt\u016F nebo z\u00E1kon\u016F a rozhodnut\u00ED. Prvky ve\u0159ejn\u00E9 konzultace obvykle jsou notifikace \u010Dili ozn\u00E1men\u00ED (zve\u0159ejn\u011Bn\u00ED z\u00E1le\u017Eitosti, kter\u00E1 m\u00E1 b\u00FDt konzultov\u00E1na), vlastn\u00ED konzultace (obousm\u011Brn\u00FD tok informac\u00ED a v\u00FDm\u011Bna n\u00E1zor\u016F) a participace \u010Dili \u00FA\u010Dast (zapojen\u00ED z\u00E1jmov\u00FDch skupin do p\u0159\u00EDpravy rozhodnut\u00ED nebo pr\u00E1vn\u00EDch p\u0159edpis\u016F). \u010Casto pou\u017E\u00EDvan\u00FD n\u00E1stroj pro pochopen\u00ED r\u016Fzn\u00FDch \u00FArovn\u00ED \u00FA\u010Dasti komunity na konzultac\u00EDch je zn\u00E1m\u00FD jako . Ve\u0159ejn\u00E9 konzultace jsou typick\u00E9 pro zem\u011B Commonwealthu, jako je Velk\u00E1 Brit\u00E1nie, Kanada, Nov\u00FD Z\u00E9land nebo Austr\u00E1lie,,i kdy\u017E v\u011Bt\u0161ina demokratick\u00FDch zem\u00ED m\u00E1 podobn\u00E9 syst\u00E9my. Nap\u0159\u00EDklad ve Spojen\u00FDch st\u00E1tech se tento proces naz\u00FDv\u00E1 \u201EVe\u0159ejn\u00E9 ozn\u00E1men\u00ED a koment\u00E1\u0159e\u201C (Public notice and comment). N\u011Bkter\u00E9 nevl\u00E1dn\u00ED organizace, jako je OECD, tak\u00E9 pou\u017E\u00EDvaj\u00ED podobn\u00E9 procesy. V Kanad\u011B se slovo konzultace (consultation) pou\u017E\u00EDv\u00E1 tak\u00E9 pro z\u00E1konem p\u0159edepsan\u00E9 konzultace s m\u00EDstn\u00EDmi domorodci (First Nations) o v\u011Bcech t\u00FDkaj\u00EDc\u00EDch se jejich pr\u00E1v. V praxi se vyskytuj\u00ED rovn\u011B\u017E neefektivn\u00ED konzultace, prov\u00E1d\u011Bn\u00E9 kv\u016Fli spln\u011Bn\u00ED z\u00E1vazku nebo na odiv, ale neumo\u017E\u0148uj\u00EDc\u00ED skute\u010Dn\u00E9 participativn\u00ED rozhodov\u00E1n\u00ED."@cs . . . "Concertazione"@it . . . . . . . "Ve\u0159ejn\u00E1 konzultace je proces, p\u0159i n\u011Bm\u017E ve\u0159ejnost m\u016F\u017Ee projevit sv\u016Fj n\u00E1zor na z\u00E1le\u017Eitosti, kter\u00E9 se j\u00ED t\u00FDkaj\u00ED. Jej\u00EDm hlavn\u00EDm c\u00EDlem je zlep\u0161it \u00FA\u010Dinnost, transparentnost a zapojen\u00ED ve\u0159ejnosti do rozs\u00E1hl\u00FDch projekt\u016F nebo z\u00E1kon\u016F a rozhodnut\u00ED. Prvky ve\u0159ejn\u00E9 konzultace obvykle jsou notifikace \u010Dili ozn\u00E1men\u00ED (zve\u0159ejn\u011Bn\u00ED z\u00E1le\u017Eitosti, kter\u00E1 m\u00E1 b\u00FDt konzultov\u00E1na), vlastn\u00ED konzultace (obousm\u011Brn\u00FD tok informac\u00ED a v\u00FDm\u011Bna n\u00E1zor\u016F) a participace \u010Dili \u00FA\u010Dast (zapojen\u00ED z\u00E1jmov\u00FDch skupin do p\u0159\u00EDpravy rozhodnut\u00ED nebo pr\u00E1vn\u00EDch p\u0159edpis\u016F). \u010Casto pou\u017E\u00EDvan\u00FD n\u00E1stroj pro pochopen\u00ED r\u016Fzn\u00FDch \u00FArovn\u00ED \u00FA\u010Dasti komunity na konzultac\u00EDch je zn\u00E1m\u00FD jako ."@cs . "Concertation"@fr . . . "Konsultacja spo\u0142eczna \u2014 instytucja demokracji bezpo\u015Bredniej (inne instytucje: referendum, inicjatywa ludowa, zgromadzenie ludowe) Polega na wyra\u017Ceniu przez cz\u0142onk\u00F3w zbiorowo\u015Bci opinii w przedstawionej sprawie. Tworzy si\u0119 w ten spos\u00F3b dwustronna relacja, powstaj\u0105ca z inicjatywy administracji pa\u0144stwowej. W odr\u00F3\u017Cnieniu od referendum wyniki konsultacji nie s\u0105 wi\u0105\u017C\u0105ce dla organ\u00F3w w\u0142adzy publicznej."@pl . "\u0397 \u03B4\u03B7\u03BC\u03CC\u03C3\u03B9\u03B1 \u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03B2\u03BF\u03CD\u03BB\u03B5\u03C5\u03C3\u03B7 \u03B5\u03AF\u03BD\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B7 \u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03B4\u03B9\u03BA\u03B1\u03C3\u03AF\u03B1 \u03BA\u03B1\u03C4\u03AC \u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03BF\u03C0\u03BF\u03AF\u03B1 \u03B6\u03B7\u03C4\u03B5\u03AF\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B7 \u03C3\u03C5\u03BC\u03B2\u03BF\u03BB\u03AE \u03C4\u03C9\u03BD \u03C0\u03BF\u03BB\u03B9\u03C4\u03CE\u03BD \u03C3\u03B5 \u03B8\u03AD\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03B1 \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5\u03C2 \u03B1\u03C6\u03BF\u03C1\u03BF\u03CD\u03BD. \u0397 \u03B4\u03B7\u03BC\u03CC\u03C3\u03B9\u03B1 \u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03B2\u03BF\u03CD\u03BB\u03B5\u03C5\u03C3\u03B7 \u03C5\u03C0\u03BF\u03C3\u03C4\u03B7\u03C1\u03AF\u03B6\u03B5\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03C4\u03B9\u03C2 \u03C0\u03C1\u03C9\u03C4\u03BF\u03B2\u03BF\u03C5\u03BB\u03AF\u03B5\u03C2 \u03B3\u03B9\u03B1 \u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03B1\u03BD\u03BF\u03B9\u03BA\u03C4\u03AE \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C3\u03C5\u03BD\u03B5\u03C1\u03B3\u03B1\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03BA\u03C5\u03B2\u03AD\u03C1\u03BD\u03B7\u03C3\u03B7 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03BA\u03CD\u03C1\u03B9\u03BF\u03B9 \u03C3\u03C4\u03CC\u03C7\u03BF\u03B9 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03B5\u03AF\u03BD\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B7 \u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03C6\u03AC\u03BD\u03B5\u03B9\u03B1 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B7 \u03B1\u03C0\u03BF\u03C4\u03B5\u03BB\u03B5\u03C3\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC\u03C4\u03B7\u03C4\u03B1 \u03C3\u03C4\u03B7 \u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03BC\u03CC\u03C1\u03C6\u03C9\u03C3\u03B7 \u03C0\u03BF\u03BB\u03B9\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03CE\u03BD. \u03A3\u03C4\u03B9\u03C2 \u03C0\u03B5\u03C1\u03B9\u03C3\u03C3\u03CC\u03C4\u03B5\u03C1\u03B5\u03C2 \u03C0\u03B5\u03C1\u03B9\u03C0\u03C4\u03CE\u03C3\u03B5\u03B9\u03C2 \u03B7 \u03B4\u03B7\u03BC\u03CC\u03C3\u03B9\u03B1 \u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03B2\u03BF\u03CD\u03BB\u03B5\u03C5\u03C3\u03B7 \u03C5\u03C0\u03BF\u03C3\u03C4\u03B7\u03C1\u03AF\u03B6\u03B5\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B1\u03BD\u03B1\u03C6\u03AD\u03C1\u03B5\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C9\u03C2 \u03B7\u03BB\u03B5\u03BA\u03C4\u03C1\u03BF\u03BD\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03B4\u03B7\u03BC\u03CC\u03C3\u03B9\u03B1 \u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03B2\u03BF\u03CD\u03BB\u03B5\u03C5\u03C3\u03B7 \u03AE \u03B7\u03BB\u03B5\u03BA\u03C4\u03C1\u03BF\u03BD\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03B2\u03BF\u03CD\u03BB\u03B5\u03C5\u03C3\u03B7. \u03A3\u03CD\u03BC\u03C6\u03C9\u03BD\u03B1 \u03BC\u03B5 \u03C4\u03BF\u03BD \u039A\u03B1\u03BD\u03BF\u03BD\u03B9\u03C3\u03BC\u03CC \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u0392\u03BF\u03C5\u03BB\u03AE\u03C2 \u03C4\u03C9\u03BD \u0395\u03BB\u03BB\u03AE\u03BD\u03C9\u03BD, \u03B5\u03AF\u03BD\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B1\u03C0\u03B1\u03C1\u03B1\u03AF\u03C4\u03B7\u03C4\u03B7 \u03B7 \u03B4\u03B7\u03BC\u03CC\u03C3\u03B9\u03B1 \u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03B2\u03BF\u03CD\u03BB\u03B5\u03C5\u03C3\u03B7 \u03C4\u03C9\u03BD \u03BD\u03BF\u03BC\u03BF\u03C3\u03C7\u03B5\u03B4\u03AF\u03C9\u03BD \u03C0\u03C1\u03B9\u03BD \u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03BA\u03B1\u03C4\u03AC\u03B8\u03B5\u03C3\u03AE \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5\u03C2 \u03C0\u03C1\u03BF\u03C2 \u03C8\u03AE\u03C6\u03B9\u03C3\u03B7 \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03C4\u03B7 \u0392\u03BF\u03C5\u03BB\u03AE."@el . . . . "\u0397 \u03B4\u03B7\u03BC\u03CC\u03C3\u03B9\u03B1 \u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03B2\u03BF\u03CD\u03BB\u03B5\u03C5\u03C3\u03B7 \u03B5\u03AF\u03BD\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B7 \u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03B4\u03B9\u03BA\u03B1\u03C3\u03AF\u03B1 \u03BA\u03B1\u03C4\u03AC \u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03BF\u03C0\u03BF\u03AF\u03B1 \u03B6\u03B7\u03C4\u03B5\u03AF\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B7 \u03C3\u03C5\u03BC\u03B2\u03BF\u03BB\u03AE \u03C4\u03C9\u03BD \u03C0\u03BF\u03BB\u03B9\u03C4\u03CE\u03BD \u03C3\u03B5 \u03B8\u03AD\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03B1 \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5\u03C2 \u03B1\u03C6\u03BF\u03C1\u03BF\u03CD\u03BD. \u0397 \u03B4\u03B7\u03BC\u03CC\u03C3\u03B9\u03B1 \u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03B2\u03BF\u03CD\u03BB\u03B5\u03C5\u03C3\u03B7 \u03C5\u03C0\u03BF\u03C3\u03C4\u03B7\u03C1\u03AF\u03B6\u03B5\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03C4\u03B9\u03C2 \u03C0\u03C1\u03C9\u03C4\u03BF\u03B2\u03BF\u03C5\u03BB\u03AF\u03B5\u03C2 \u03B3\u03B9\u03B1 \u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03B1\u03BD\u03BF\u03B9\u03BA\u03C4\u03AE \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C3\u03C5\u03BD\u03B5\u03C1\u03B3\u03B1\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03BA\u03C5\u03B2\u03AD\u03C1\u03BD\u03B7\u03C3\u03B7 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03BA\u03CD\u03C1\u03B9\u03BF\u03B9 \u03C3\u03C4\u03CC\u03C7\u03BF\u03B9 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03B5\u03AF\u03BD\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B7 \u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03C6\u03AC\u03BD\u03B5\u03B9\u03B1 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B7 \u03B1\u03C0\u03BF\u03C4\u03B5\u03BB\u03B5\u03C3\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC\u03C4\u03B7\u03C4\u03B1 \u03C3\u03C4\u03B7 \u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03BC\u03CC\u03C1\u03C6\u03C9\u03C3\u03B7 \u03C0\u03BF\u03BB\u03B9\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03CE\u03BD. \u03A3\u03C4\u03B9\u03C2 \u03C0\u03B5\u03C1\u03B9\u03C3\u03C3\u03CC\u03C4\u03B5\u03C1\u03B5\u03C2 \u03C0\u03B5\u03C1\u03B9\u03C0\u03C4\u03CE\u03C3\u03B5\u03B9\u03C2 \u03B7 \u03B4\u03B7\u03BC\u03CC\u03C3\u03B9\u03B1 \u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03B2\u03BF\u03CD\u03BB\u03B5\u03C5\u03C3\u03B7 \u03C5\u03C0\u03BF\u03C3\u03C4\u03B7\u03C1\u03AF\u03B6\u03B5\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B1\u03BD\u03B1\u03C6\u03AD\u03C1\u03B5\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C9\u03C2 \u03B7\u03BB\u03B5\u03BA\u03C4\u03C1\u03BF\u03BD\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03B4\u03B7\u03BC\u03CC\u03C3\u03B9\u03B1 \u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03B2\u03BF\u03CD\u03BB\u03B5\u03C5\u03C3\u03B7 \u03AE \u03B7\u03BB\u03B5\u03BA\u03C4\u03C1\u03BF\u03BD\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03B2\u03BF\u03CD\u03BB\u03B5\u03C5\u03C3\u03B7."@el . . . . . . "2020-07-28"^^ . "\u653F\u5E9C\u673A\u6784\u5173\u4E8E\u516C\u5171\u8A00\u8BBA\uFF0C\u4E00\u822C\u6709\u7279\u5B9A\u7684\u6CD5\u89C4\u548C\u8981\u6C42\u673A\u6784\u516C\u5171\u805A\u4F1A\u7684\u673A\u4F1A\u3002\u7F8E\u56FD\u7684\u8054\u90A6\u3001\u5DDE\u3001\u53BF\u3001\u5730\u533A\u3001\u4E2D\u95F4\u673A\u6784\u548C\u5F53\u5730\u884C\u653F\u957F\u5B98\u3001\u7ACB\u6CD5\u548C\u53F8\u6CD5\u673A\u6784\u6709\u4E0D\u540C\u7684\u4E60\u60EF\u548C\u6761\u4F8B\uFF0C\u4F46\u662F\u90FD\u5C5E\u4E8E\u6C11\u4E3B\u5BAA\u6CD5\u81EA\u7531\u8A00\u8BBA\u7684\u7EC4\u6210\u90E8\u5206\u3002"@zh . . "\u0394\u03B7\u03BC\u03CC\u03C3\u03B9\u03B1 \u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03B2\u03BF\u03CD\u03BB\u03B5\u03C5\u03C3\u03B7"@el . . . . . . . . "Consulta p\u00FAblica"@es . . . "Una consulta p\u00FAblica es un proceso regulatorio mediante el cual se busca la opini\u00F3n de un grupo de personas sobre asuntos que les afectan. Sus principales objetivos son mejorar la eficiencia, la transparencia\u200B y la participaci\u00F3n p\u00FAblica en proyectos o leyes y pol\u00EDticas a gran escala. Suele implicar notificaci\u00F3n (para dar a conocer el asunto que se va a consultar), consulta (un flujo bidireccional de informaci\u00F3n e intercambio de opiniones) as\u00ED como participaci\u00F3n (involucrando a los grupos de inter\u00E9s en la elaboraci\u00F3n de pol\u00EDticas o leyes). Una herramienta de uso frecuente para comprender los diferentes niveles de participaci\u00F3n comunitaria en la consulta se conoce como la escalera de Arnstein, aunque algunos acad\u00E9micos cuestionan que la escalera de Arnstein es contextualmente espec\u00EDfica y no"@es . . . . . . . . . "\u30D1\u30D6\u30EA\u30C3\u30AF\u30B3\u30E1\u30F3\u30C8\u3068\u306F\u3001\u516C\u7684\u306A\u6A5F\u95A2\u304C\u898F\u5247\u3042\u308B\u3044\u306F\u547D\u4EE4\u306A\u3069\u306E\u985E\u306E\u3082\u306E\u3092\u5236\u5B9A\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3059\u308B\u3068\u304D\u306B\u3001\u5E83\u304F\u516C\u306B\uFF08=\u30D1\u30D6\u30EA\u30C3\u30AF\uFF09\u3001\u610F\u898B\u30FB\u60C5\u5831\u30FB\u6539\u5584\u6848\u306A\u3069\uFF08=\u30B3\u30E1\u30F3\u30C8\uFF09\u3092\u6C42\u3081\u308B\u624B\u7D9A\u304D\u3092\u3044\u3046\u3002\u516C\u7684\u306A\u6A5F\u95A2\u304C\u898F\u5247\u306A\u3069\u3092\u5B9A\u3081\u308B\u524D\u306B\u3001\u305D\u306E\u5F71\u97FF\u304C\u53CA\u3076\u5BFE\u8C61\u8005\u306A\u3069\u306E\u610F\u898B\u3092\u4E8B\u524D\u306B\u8074\u53D6\u3057\u3001\u305D\u306E\u7D50\u679C\u3092\u53CD\u6620\u3055\u305B\u308B\u3053\u3068\u306B\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3001\u3088\u308A\u3088\u3044\u884C\u653F\u3092\u76EE\u6307\u3059\u3082\u306E\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u901A\u79F0\u30D1\u30D6\u30B3\u30E1\u3002 \u306A\u304A\u3001\u82F1\u8A9E\u3067\u306Fpublic comment\u306E\u4ED6\u306Bpublic consultation\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8A00\u3044\u65B9\u3082\u306A\u3055\u308C\u308B\u3002"@ja . 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"Konsultacja spo\u0142eczna"@pl . . . . . . . . . "La concertation est l\u2019action de d\u00E9battre, dans le cadre d'un dialogue engag\u00E9 entre tous les acteurs concern\u00E9s, qui \u00E9changent leurs arguments, afin de prendre en compte les divers points de vue exprim\u00E9s et de faire ainsi \u00E9merger l\u2019int\u00E9r\u00EAt g\u00E9n\u00E9ral, en amont de la mise en forme d\u2019une proposition, avant de s\u2019accorder en vue d\u2019un projet commun. La concertation se distingue de la n\u00E9gociation en ce qu\u2019elle n\u2019aboutit pas n\u00E9cessairement \u00E0 une d\u00E9cision, mais qu\u2019elle vise \u00E0 la pr\u00E9parer. C\u2019est le cas par exemple lorsqu\u2019une collectivit\u00E9 territoriale engage un processus de concertation avec la population locale dans la perspective d\u2019un am\u00E9nagement : la d\u00E9cision finale appartient aux \u00E9lus qui seuls en d\u00E9tiennent formellement le pouvoir, mais qui devront int\u00E9grer les r\u00E9sultats de la concertation. La concertation se distingue de la consultation, laquelle se r\u00E9sume \u00E0 une demande d\u2019avis, en g\u00E9n\u00E9ral sur un projet pr\u00E9d\u00E9fini, avis qui ne lie d\u2019ailleurs pas le destinataire de la consultation. La v\u00E9ritable concertation exige l\u2019ouverture \u00E0 toutes les personnes int\u00E9ress\u00E9es, d\u00E8s la conception du projet, et suppose la confrontation entre les parties, l\u2019\u00E9change d\u2019arguments, l\u2019explicitation des points de vue de chacun. La concertation se distingue de la m\u00E9diation en ce qu\u2019elle ne fait pas intervenir un tiers pour faciliter la recherche d\u2019un accord entre les parties. Les \u00E9changes sont anim\u00E9s par l\u2019une des parties prenantes ou, dans certains cas, par un facilitateur li\u00E9 \u00E0 l\u2019une d\u2019entre elles."@fr . . "1105037639"^^ .