. . . . . . . . . "11465"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . "El Partido Proteccionista (en ingl\u00E9s: Protectionist Party) fue un partido pol\u00EDtico australiano formalmente en funcionamiento entre 1889 y 1909, cuyas pol\u00EDticas se centraban en el proteccionismo. Defend\u00EDan que Australia necesitaba aranceles que protegieran la industria nacional para crecer y proveer empleo. Sus l\u00EDderes m\u00E1s prominentes fueron Sir Edmund Barton y Alfred Deakin, primer y segundo primeros ministros de Australia."@es . . . . . . "Australia"@en . "Die Protectionist Party war eine politische Partei in Australien, die von den 1880er Jahren bis zu ihrem Aufgehen in der Commonwealth Liberal Party im Jahr 1909 bestand. Ihr wesentliches Anliegen bildete die Durchsetzung einer Schutzzollpolitik, um die Entwicklung der einheimischen Industrie zu f\u00F6rdern. Nachdem die Schutzzollpolitik durchgesetzt war, vereinigte sie sich aufgrund der steigenden Popularit\u00E4t der Labour Party mit der inzwischen in Anti-Socialist Party umgetauften, ehemaligen Free Trade Party, sowie 1909 auf deren Dr\u00E4ngen hin zur Commonwealth Liberal Party."@de . "Le parti protectionniste (The Protectionist Party) australien \u00E9tait un parti politique qui, de 1889 \u00E0 1909, soutint les mesures protectionnistes pour l'\u00E9conomie australienne. Il expliquait que l'Australie avait besoin de droits de douanes \u00E9lev\u00E9s pour favoriser le d\u00E9veloppement de son industrie et favoriser l'emploi."@fr . . . . . . . . . . . "Il Partito Protezionista fu un partito politico australiano, costituitosi formalmente nel 1889 e sciolto nel 1909, con politiche incentrate sul protezionismo. Esso sostenne l'introduzione di dazi doganali per permettere all'industria australiana di crescere e sostenere una maggiore occupazione. Il suo bacino elettorale fu pi\u00F9 forte nel Victoria e nelle zone rurali del Nuovo Galles del Sud. I suoi leader di rilievo furono Sir Edmund Barton e Alfred Deakin, i primi primi ministri dell'Australia. Sir Edmund Barton"@it . . . . . . . . "Partido Proteccionista"@es . "The Protectionist Party or Liberal Protectionist Party was an Australian political party, formally organised from 1887 until 1909, with policies centred on protectionism. The party advocated protective tariffs, arguing it would allow Australian industry to grow and provide employment. It had its greatest strength in Victoria and in the rural areas of New South Wales. Its most prominent leaders were Sir Edmund Barton and Alfred Deakin, who were the first and second prime ministers of Australia."@en . . "The Protectionist Party or Liberal Protectionist Party was an Australian political party, formally organised from 1887 until 1909, with policies centred on protectionism. The party advocated protective tariffs, arguing it would allow Australian industry to grow and provide employment. It had its greatest strength in Victoria and in the rural areas of New South Wales. Its most prominent leaders were Sir Edmund Barton and Alfred Deakin, who were the first and second prime ministers of Australia."@en . . . . . "Protectionist Party"@de . . "Protectionist Party"@en . "Protectionist Party"@en . . . . . "Historic leaders"@en . . . . . . . . . . "Parti protectionniste"@fr . "2020"^^ . . . . . . . . "\u4FDD\u8B77\u8CBF\u6613\u9EE8\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1AProtectionist Party\uFF09\u662F\u6FB3\u6D32\u6B77\u53F2\u4E0A\u7684\u653F\u9EE8\uFF0C\u662F20\u4E16\u7D00\u521D\u5E74\u7684\u5169\u5927\u9EE8\u4E4B\u4E00\uFF08\u53E6\u4E00\u5927\u9EE8\u662F\u81EA\u7531\u8CBF\u6613\u9EE8\uFF09\u3002\u4FDD\u8B77\u8CBF\u6613\u9EE8\u5168\u540D\u201C\u6FB3\u6D32\u81EA\u7531\u4FDD\u8B77\u8CBF\u6613\u4E3B\u7FA9\u5354\u6703\u201D\uFF0C\u65BC1887\u5E74\u6210\u7ACB\uFF0C1909\u5E74\u89E3\u6563\uFF0C\u515A\u5458\u52A0\u5165\u806F\u90A6\u81EA\u7531\u9EE8\u3002 \u4FDD\u8B77\u8CBF\u6613\u9EE8\u4E3B\u5F35\u5FB5\u6536\u4FDD\u8B77\u6027\u95DC\u7A05\uFF0C\u8A8D\u70BA\u9019\u5C07\u5141\u8A31\u6FB3\u5927\u5229\u4E9E\u5DE5\u696D\u767C\u5C55\u4E26\u63D0\u4F9B\u5C31\u696D\u6A5F\u6703\u3002\u5B83\u5728\u7DAD\u591A\u5229\u4E9E\u5DDE\u548C\u65B0\u5357\u5A01\u723E\u58EB\u5DDE\u7684\u8FB2\u6751\u5730\u5340\u64C1\u6709\u6700\u5927\u7684\u512A\u52E2\u3002\u5B83\u6700\u5091\u51FA\u7684\u9818\u5C0E\u4EBA\u662F\u57C3\u5FB7\u8499\u00B7\u5DF4\u9813\u548C\u9EE8\u54E1\u827E\u723E\u5F17\u96F7\u5FB7\u00B7\u8FEA\u91D1\uFF0C\u4ED6\u5011\u662F\u6FB3\u6D32\u7684\u7B2C\u4E00\u4EFB\u548C\u7B2C\u4E8C\u4EFB\u7E3D\u7406\u3002\u8A72\u9EE8\u6700\u521D\u96C6\u4E2D\u5728\u65B0\u5357\u5A01\u723E\u58EB\u5DDE\uFF0C\u6700\u521D\u4EE5\u65B0\u5357\u5A01\u723E\u58EB\u5DDE\u70BA\u4E2D\u5FC3\uFF0C\u5176\u9818\u5C0E\u4EBA\u662F\u548C\u3002\u5728\u806F\u90A6\u6210\u7ACB\u4E4B\u524D\uFF0C\u5B83\u4E3B\u5C0E\u4E86\u65B0\u5357\u5A01\u723E\u58EB\u5DDE\u7684\u3002\u5B83\u9996\u5148\u53C3\u52A0\u4E861887\u5E74\u7684\u3002 \u81EA\u7531\u8CBF\u6613\u8207\u4FDD\u8B77\u4E3B\u7FA9\u7684\u722D\u8AD6\u572819\u4E16\u7D00\u540E\u534A\u8449\u7684\u6FB3\u6D32\u5404\u82F1\u5C6C\u6B96\u6C11\u5730\u7684\u6700\u5927\u653F\u6CBB\u8B70\u984C\uFF0C\u4F46\u5728\u806F\u90A6\u5EFA\u7ACB\u4EE5\u5F8C\uFF0C\u7531\u65BC\u65B0\u7684\u806F\u90A6\u95DC\u7A05\u5236\u5EA6\u7684\u5EFA\u7ACB\u5931\u53BB\u5B58\u5728\u610F\u7FA9\uFF0C\u56E0\u6B64\u4FDD\u8B77\u8CBF\u6613\u9EE8\u5728\u77ED\u66AB\u7DAD\u6301\u8207\u81EA\u7531\u8CBF\u6613\u9EE8\u3001\u5DE5\u9EE8\u4E09\u8DB3\u9F0E\u7ACB\u7684\u5C40\u9762\u540E\u5617\u8A66\u91CD\u65B0\u5B9A\u4F4D\u70BA\u53CD\u793E\u6703\u4E3B\u7FA9\u653F\u9EE8\uFF0C\u4F46\u5DF2\u7121\u6CD5\u7DAD\u7E6B\u57FA\u672C\u9663\u71DF\uFF0C\u56E0\u6B64\u548C\u539F\u81EA\u7531\u8CBF\u6613\u9EE8\u5408\u4F75\uFF0C\u6210\u7232\u4EE5\u5C0D\u6297\u5DE5\u9EE8\u5EA7\u4F4D\u57FA\u672C\u653F\u6CBB\u5B9A\u4F4D\u7684\u806F\u90A6\u81EA\u7531\u9EE8\u3002"@zh . . . . . . "El Partido Proteccionista (en ingl\u00E9s: Protectionist Party) fue un partido pol\u00EDtico australiano formalmente en funcionamiento entre 1889 y 1909, cuyas pol\u00EDticas se centraban en el proteccionismo. Defend\u00EDan que Australia necesitaba aranceles que protegieran la industria nacional para crecer y proveer empleo. Sus l\u00EDderes m\u00E1s prominentes fueron Sir Edmund Barton y Alfred Deakin, primer y segundo primeros ministros de Australia. El voto proteccionista hab\u00EDa declinado considerablemente para las elecciones federales de 1906, y con el Partido Laborista habiendo formado ya un gobierno en minor\u00EDa con Chris Watson en 1904, la victoria de Andrew Fisher en 1908 escandaliz\u00F3 al establishment, que presion\u00F3 para que los dos partidos no laboristas formaran una alianza antisocialista. Deakin y el librecambista Joseph Cook creyeron que una uni\u00F3n ser\u00EDa necesaria para contrarrestar el creciente dominio electoral del Partido Laborista. El Partido Proteccionista termin\u00F3 separ\u00E1ndose, con los miembros m\u00E1s liberales, como Isaac Isaacs y H.B. Higgins, apoyando a los laboristas, mientras que Deakin y sus seguidores se unieron al Partido Antisocialista (anteriormente Free Trade Party) para formar el Commonwealth Liberal Party, que formar\u00EDa una minor\u00EDa de gobierno, en 1909, antes de que los laboristas consiguieran la primera mayor\u00EDa absoluta del pa\u00EDs en las elecciones de 1910."@es . . . . . "Partito Protezionista"@it . . . . . . . . "Partia Protekcjonistyczna (Protectionist Party) \u2013 ugrupowanie polityczne istniej\u0105ce w Australii od lat 80. XIX wieku do roku 1909. Jak sama nazwa wskazuje, jej kluczowym elementem programowym by\u0142o poparcie dla protekcjonizmu w polityce handlowej. Matecznikiem partii by\u0142a Wiktoria, cieszy\u0142a si\u0119 tak\u017Ce sporym poparciem na terenach wiejskich Nowej Po\u0142udniowej Walii."@pl . . . . . "Die Protectionist Party war eine politische Partei in Australien, die von den 1880er Jahren bis zu ihrem Aufgehen in der Commonwealth Liberal Party im Jahr 1909 bestand. Ihr wesentliches Anliegen bildete die Durchsetzung einer Schutzzollpolitik, um die Entwicklung der einheimischen Industrie zu f\u00F6rdern. Nach der Formierung des Australischen Bundes 1901 setzte sie sich f\u00FCr eine st\u00E4rkere Vereinheitlichung zwischen den Bundesstaaten ein. Ma\u00DFnahmen in diesem Sinne waren zum Beispiel einheitliche Pensionsregelungen und eine einheitliche Spurbreite der Eisenbahnen. Abseits der Zollfrage waren die Ansichten von der Protectionist Party und der Free Trade Party oft \u00E4hnlicher als die der Kandidaten derselben Partei. Die Wahlen von 1901 wurden als Plebiszit \u00FCber die zuk\u00FCnftige generelle wirtschaftspolitische Ausrichtung Australiens angesehen. Die Zollpolitik war das wichtigste Wahlkampfthema. Die Protektionisten konnten nicht zuletzt durch den \u201EAmtsbonus\u201C des \u00DCbergangspremiers Edmund Barton eine relative Stimmenmehrheit \u00FCber die Free Trade Party erringen, waren, um Gesetze durchzubringen, jedoch auf die Unterst\u00FCtzung von Labor angewiesen. Daran sollte sich auch unter seinem Nachfolger Alfred Deakin (1903\u201304, 1905\u201308) nichts \u00E4ndern. Nachdem die Schutzzollpolitik durchgesetzt war, vereinigte sie sich aufgrund der steigenden Popularit\u00E4t der Labour Party mit der inzwischen in Anti-Socialist Party umgetauften, ehemaligen Free Trade Party, sowie 1909 auf deren Dr\u00E4ngen hin zur Commonwealth Liberal Party."@de . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Protectionist Party"@en . . . . . . . . . "1109464681"^^ . . "Le parti protectionniste (The Protectionist Party) australien \u00E9tait un parti politique qui, de 1889 \u00E0 1909, soutint les mesures protectionnistes pour l'\u00E9conomie australienne. Il expliquait que l'Australie avait besoin de droits de douanes \u00E9lev\u00E9s pour favoriser le d\u00E9veloppement de son industrie et favoriser l'emploi."@fr . . "Il Partito Protezionista fu un partito politico australiano, costituitosi formalmente nel 1889 e sciolto nel 1909, con politiche incentrate sul protezionismo. Esso sostenne l'introduzione di dazi doganali per permettere all'industria australiana di crescere e sostenere una maggiore occupazione. Il suo bacino elettorale fu pi\u00F9 forte nel Victoria e nelle zone rurali del Nuovo Galles del Sud. I suoi leader di rilievo furono Sir Edmund Barton e Alfred Deakin, i primi primi ministri dell'Australia. Nel complesso, i protezionisti formarono governi con il supporto del partito laburista, sulla base che venissero spinte riforme sociali fortemente volute dal Labor. Tuttavia, il programma dei laburisti fu spesso troppo radicale per i protezionisti, e questo provoc\u00F2 forti compromessi; quando questi non si ottennero, divenne necessario formare nuovi governi di minoranza. Sir Edmund Barton Il voto ai protezionisti cal\u00F2 considerevolmente alle , nel periodo in cui si alternarono alla formazione del governo con i laburisti stessi (prima con Chris Watson e poi con Andrew Fisher. Questo port\u00F2 nel corso degli anni ad un antagonismo che sfoci\u00F2 in una coalizione anti-socialista, che vide Deakin e Joseph Cook, allora leader del Partito del Libero Commercio credere fortemente in una fusione che limitasse l'azione elettorale del sempre pi\u00F9 dominante partito laburista; ne consegu\u00EC una scissione del partito protezionista, del quale i pi\u00F9 liberali come Isaac Isaacs e si aggregarono ai laburisti mentre i sostenitori di Deakin formarono con lui stesso e con il Partito Anti-Socialista (prima partito del libero commercio) il nuovo Partito Liberale del Commonwealth. Esso form\u00F2 un nuovo governo di minoranza, prima che Fisher e i laburisti ottenessero la loro prima maggioranza al parlamento federale nelle ."@it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u4FDD\u8B77\u8CBF\u6613\u9EE8"@zh . . . . . . . "\u4FDD\u8B77\u8CBF\u6613\u9EE8\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1AProtectionist Party\uFF09\u662F\u6FB3\u6D32\u6B77\u53F2\u4E0A\u7684\u653F\u9EE8\uFF0C\u662F20\u4E16\u7D00\u521D\u5E74\u7684\u5169\u5927\u9EE8\u4E4B\u4E00\uFF08\u53E6\u4E00\u5927\u9EE8\u662F\u81EA\u7531\u8CBF\u6613\u9EE8\uFF09\u3002\u4FDD\u8B77\u8CBF\u6613\u9EE8\u5168\u540D\u201C\u6FB3\u6D32\u81EA\u7531\u4FDD\u8B77\u8CBF\u6613\u4E3B\u7FA9\u5354\u6703\u201D\uFF0C\u65BC1887\u5E74\u6210\u7ACB\uFF0C1909\u5E74\u89E3\u6563\uFF0C\u515A\u5458\u52A0\u5165\u806F\u90A6\u81EA\u7531\u9EE8\u3002 \u4FDD\u8B77\u8CBF\u6613\u9EE8\u4E3B\u5F35\u5FB5\u6536\u4FDD\u8B77\u6027\u95DC\u7A05\uFF0C\u8A8D\u70BA\u9019\u5C07\u5141\u8A31\u6FB3\u5927\u5229\u4E9E\u5DE5\u696D\u767C\u5C55\u4E26\u63D0\u4F9B\u5C31\u696D\u6A5F\u6703\u3002\u5B83\u5728\u7DAD\u591A\u5229\u4E9E\u5DDE\u548C\u65B0\u5357\u5A01\u723E\u58EB\u5DDE\u7684\u8FB2\u6751\u5730\u5340\u64C1\u6709\u6700\u5927\u7684\u512A\u52E2\u3002\u5B83\u6700\u5091\u51FA\u7684\u9818\u5C0E\u4EBA\u662F\u57C3\u5FB7\u8499\u00B7\u5DF4\u9813\u548C\u9EE8\u54E1\u827E\u723E\u5F17\u96F7\u5FB7\u00B7\u8FEA\u91D1\uFF0C\u4ED6\u5011\u662F\u6FB3\u6D32\u7684\u7B2C\u4E00\u4EFB\u548C\u7B2C\u4E8C\u4EFB\u7E3D\u7406\u3002\u8A72\u9EE8\u6700\u521D\u96C6\u4E2D\u5728\u65B0\u5357\u5A01\u723E\u58EB\u5DDE\uFF0C\u6700\u521D\u4EE5\u65B0\u5357\u5A01\u723E\u58EB\u5DDE\u70BA\u4E2D\u5FC3\uFF0C\u5176\u9818\u5C0E\u4EBA\u662F\u548C\u3002\u5728\u806F\u90A6\u6210\u7ACB\u4E4B\u524D\uFF0C\u5B83\u4E3B\u5C0E\u4E86\u65B0\u5357\u5A01\u723E\u58EB\u5DDE\u7684\u3002\u5B83\u9996\u5148\u53C3\u52A0\u4E861887\u5E74\u7684\u3002 \u81EA\u7531\u8CBF\u6613\u8207\u4FDD\u8B77\u4E3B\u7FA9\u7684\u722D\u8AD6\u572819\u4E16\u7D00\u540E\u534A\u8449\u7684\u6FB3\u6D32\u5404\u82F1\u5C6C\u6B96\u6C11\u5730\u7684\u6700\u5927\u653F\u6CBB\u8B70\u984C\uFF0C\u4F46\u5728\u806F\u90A6\u5EFA\u7ACB\u4EE5\u5F8C\uFF0C\u7531\u65BC\u65B0\u7684\u806F\u90A6\u95DC\u7A05\u5236\u5EA6\u7684\u5EFA\u7ACB\u5931\u53BB\u5B58\u5728\u610F\u7FA9\uFF0C\u56E0\u6B64\u4FDD\u8B77\u8CBF\u6613\u9EE8\u5728\u77ED\u66AB\u7DAD\u6301\u8207\u81EA\u7531\u8CBF\u6613\u9EE8\u3001\u5DE5\u9EE8\u4E09\u8DB3\u9F0E\u7ACB\u7684\u5C40\u9762\u540E\u5617\u8A66\u91CD\u65B0\u5B9A\u4F4D\u70BA\u53CD\u793E\u6703\u4E3B\u7FA9\u653F\u9EE8\uFF0C\u4F46\u5DF2\u7121\u6CD5\u7DAD\u7E6B\u57FA\u672C\u9663\u71DF\uFF0C\u56E0\u6B64\u548C\u539F\u81EA\u7531\u8CBF\u6613\u9EE8\u5408\u4F75\uFF0C\u6210\u7232\u4EE5\u5C0D\u6297\u5DE5\u9EE8\u5EA7\u4F4D\u57FA\u672C\u653F\u6CBB\u5B9A\u4F4D\u7684\u806F\u90A6\u81EA\u7531\u9EE8\u3002"@zh . . "Partia Protekcjonistyczna"@pl . . "328708"^^ . "Partia Protekcjonistyczna (Protectionist Party) \u2013 ugrupowanie polityczne istniej\u0105ce w Australii od lat 80. XIX wieku do roku 1909. Jak sama nazwa wskazuje, jej kluczowym elementem programowym by\u0142o poparcie dla protekcjonizmu w polityce handlowej. Matecznikiem partii by\u0142a Wiktoria, cieszy\u0142a si\u0119 tak\u017Ce sporym poparciem na terenach wiejskich Nowej Po\u0142udniowej Walii. Dwoma najwa\u017Cniejszymi przyw\u00F3dcami Protekcjonist\u00F3w byli dwaj pierwsi premierzy zjednoczonej Australii, Edmund Barton i Alfred Deakin. Gdy kwestia taryf celnych straci\u0142a pierwszoplanowe znaczenie w australijskiej polityce, w 1909 ugrupowanie po\u0142\u0105czy\u0142o si\u0119 z Parti\u0105 Wolnego Handlu, tworz\u0105c Zwi\u0105zkow\u0105 Parti\u0119 Liberaln\u0105."@pl .