"Filogeografia"@pt . . . "Die Phylogeographie analysiert und beschreibt die phylogenetische und geographische Herkunft einzelner genetischer Linien eines Taxons (Gruppe von Lebewesen). Sie ist ein Forschungsgebiet an der Schnittstelle von Biogeographie, Populationsgenetik und Phylogenetik und verbindet diese Disziplinen \u00FCber den methodischen Ansatz der molekularen \u00D6kologie. Die Phylogeographie kann auch als ein Teilgebiet der Populationsbiologie bezeichnet werden. Sie hat fundierte Erkenntnisse zur Evolutionsbiologie zahlreicher Arten, einschlie\u00DFlich des Menschen hervorgebracht und kann auch Br\u00FCcken schlagen zwischen Erkenntnissen der Pal\u00E4ontologie und der molekulargenetisch basierten Biologie."@de . . "1044147072"^^ . . . . "Fylogeografie je v\u011Bdeck\u00E1 discipl\u00EDna, kter\u00E1 pom\u00E1h\u00E1 biogeografii stanovit s co nejv\u011Bt\u0161\u00ED p\u0159esnost\u00ED sm\u011Bry a cesty p\u0159i postupn\u00E9m roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00E1n\u00ED \u017Eiv\u00FDch organism\u016F v dan\u00E9 oblasti a v \u010Dase. Zji\u0161\u0165uje pomoci tzv. molekul\u00E1rn\u00EDch marker\u016F p\u0159\u00EDbuznost mezi studovan\u00FDmi jedinci na ur\u010Dit\u00E9m \u00FAzem\u00ED. Vyu\u017E\u00EDv\u00E1 toho, \u017Ee \u017Eiv\u00E9 organismy si nesou v DNA stopy sv\u00E9 minulosti, co\u017E ve v\u00FDsledku pom\u00E1h\u00E1 odhalit historii druhu v geografick\u00E9m kontextu. Pomoci molekul\u00E1rn\u00ED techniky se zkoumaj\u00ED informace ulo\u017Een\u00E9 v DNA, \u010Dasto se vyu\u017E\u00EDv\u00E1 cpDNA, , RFLP nebo mikrosatelit\u016F. Fylogeografie se zab\u00FDv\u00E1 geografick\u00FDm rozlo\u017Een\u00EDm genealogick\u00FDch lini\u00ED organism\u016F, zejm\u00E9na uvnit\u0159 druhu a mezi bl\u00EDzce p\u0159\u00EDbuzn\u00FDmi druhy. Zji\u0161\u0165uje p\u0159\u00EDbuzensk\u00E9 vztahy mezi vybran\u00FDmi jedinci, vytv\u00E1\u0159\u00ED tzv. fylogenetick\u00FD strom a porovn\u00E1n\u00EDm s jejich geografick\u00FDm roz\u0161\u00ED\u0159en\u00EDm lze s velkou pravd\u011Bpodobnost\u00ED spr\u00E1vn\u011B rekonstruovat historii migrace i jednotliv\u00E9 migra\u010Dn\u00ED proudy, je mo\u017Eno stanovit vz\u00E1jemnou p\u0159\u00EDbuznost bioty z jednotliv\u00FDch odd\u011Blen\u00FDch lokalit. Tyto anal\u00FDzy v\u0161ak nedok\u00E1\u017Eou zachytit vyhynul\u00E9 linie. Klasick\u00E9 evropsk\u00E9 fylogeografick\u00E9 pr\u00E1ce se zab\u00FDvaj\u00ED \u0161\u00ED\u0159en\u00EDm organism\u016F z ji\u017En\u011Bji polo\u017Een\u00FDch evropsk\u00FDch \u00FAzem\u00ED na sever zapo\u010Dat\u00FDm asi p\u0159ed 13 000 l\u00E9ty, po odezn\u011Bn\u00ED posledn\u00EDho glaci\u00E1lu. Studuj\u00ED st\u011Bhov\u00E1n\u00ED nebo roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00E1n\u00ED are\u00E1lu v\u00FDskytu druh\u016F: \n* z jihu Evropy \u2013 nezasa\u017Een\u00E9 dobou ledovou severn\u00EDm sm\u011Brem do st\u0159edu Evropy, \n* ze st\u0159edu Evropy \u2013 kde p\u0159e\u010Dkaly m\u00EDrn\u011Bj\u0161\u00ED zaledn\u011Bn\u00ED a po oteplen\u00ED se za\u010Daly posunovat na evropsk\u00FD sever a do Arktidy. V\u00FD\u0161e popsanou technikou ji\u017E nelze oz\u0159ejmit pohyby v posledn\u00EDm interglaci\u00E1lu a star\u0161\u00ED, tam jsou \u00FAdaje p\u0159eps\u00E1ny nov\u011Bj\u0161\u00EDm d\u011Bjem po skon\u010Den\u00ED posledn\u00EDho glaci\u00E1lu. Obdobn\u011B se m\u00EDstn\u00EDmi podm\u00EDnkami zab\u00FDvaj\u00ED fylogeografick\u00E9 pr\u00E1ce zpracov\u00E1vaj\u00EDc\u00ED jin\u00E1 \u00FAzem\u00ED a kontinenty, nap\u0159. migrac\u00ED mezi Asii a Severn\u00ED Amerikou."@cs . . "Phylog\u00E9ographie"@fr . . "Filogeografi adalah ilmu yang mempelajari mengenai gabungan geografi dan filogenetik sekaligus proses penyebaran secara geografis dari genetika spesies dimaksud, sekaligus mempelajari mengenai silsilah spesies dan fokus pada biogeografi. Tujuan dari ilmu Filogeografi adalah untuk mengelompokkan spesies serta mengetahui hubungan kekerabatan secara genetika dengan metode tertentu, dan melihat karakter molekuler dari suatu individu. Filogeografi mengisi kesenjangan antara diversifikasi yang pernah terjadi dahulu kala, seperti munculnya perbedaan populasi masal kini atau spesiasi sepenuhnya tidak tercapai, peran lain filogeografi yaitu melengkapi kesenjangan dan memperjelas asal usul spesies"@in . . "297390"^^ . "Filogeografi adalah ilmu yang mempelajari mengenai gabungan geografi dan filogenetik sekaligus proses penyebaran secara geografis dari genetika spesies dimaksud, sekaligus mempelajari mengenai silsilah spesies dan fokus pada biogeografi. Tujuan dari ilmu Filogeografi adalah untuk mengelompokkan spesies serta mengetahui hubungan kekerabatan secara genetika dengan metode tertentu, dan melihat karakter molekuler dari suatu individu. Filogeografi mengisi kesenjangan antara diversifikasi yang pernah terjadi dahulu kala, seperti munculnya perbedaan populasi masal kini atau spesiasi sepenuhnya tidak tercapai, peran lain filogeografi yaitu melengkapi kesenjangan dan memperjelas asal usul spesies"@in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u751F\u7269\u7CFB\u7D71\u5730\u7406\u5B66(\u305B\u3044\u3076\u3064\u3051\u3044\u3068\u3046\u3061\u308A\u304C\u304F\u3001Phylogeography)\u3068\u306F\u3001\u73FE\u4EE3\u306E\u500B\u4F53\u30FB\u96C6\u56E3\u306E\u5730\u7406\u7684\u5206\u5E03\u304C\u3069\u306E\u3088\u3046\u306A\u6B74\u53F2\u7684\u904E\u7A0B\u306B\u3088\u308A\u751F\u3058\u305F\u306E\u304B\u3001\u3068\u3044\u3046\u554F\u984C\u3092\u3001\u907A\u4F1D\u5B50\u7CFB\u56F3\u306E\u30D1\u30BF\u30FC\u30F3\u306E\u89E3\u6790\u304B\u3089\u89E3\u660E\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u8A66\u307F\u308B\u3082\u306E\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002 \u3053\u306E\u7528\u8A9E\u306F\u3001\u7A2E\u5185\u304A\u3088\u3073\u7A2E\u9593\u306E\u3001\u5730\u7406\u7684\u52B9\u679C\u306B\u3088\u308A\u69CB\u9020\u5316\u3055\u308C\u305F\u907A\u4F1D\u7684\u30D1\u30BF\u30FC\u30F3\u306B\u6CE8\u76EE\u3059\u308B\u5834\u5408\u306B\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308C\u308B\u3002\u3042\u308B\u7A2E\u306E\u73FE\u5728\u306E\u751F\u7269\u5730\u7406\u72B6\u6CC1\u3084\u3001\u4E88\u60F3\u3055\u308C\u308B\u904E\u53BB\u306E\u7CFB\u7D71\u7684\u60C5\u5831\u3092\u751F\u7269\u5730\u7406\u5B66\u7684\u89B3\u70B9\u304B\u3089\u8AAD\u307F\u89E3\u304F\u3053\u3068\u306B\u4E3B\u984C\u3092\u7F6E\u304F\u70B9\u3067\u3001\u53E4\u5178\u7684\u306A\u96C6\u56E3\u907A\u4F1D\u5B66\u3084\u3068\u306F\u7570\u306A\u308B\u3002 \u63A8\u6E2C\u3055\u308C\u308B\u904E\u53BB\u306E\u30A4\u30D9\u30F3\u30C8\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306F\u3001 ( population expansion )\u3001\u30DC\u30C8\u30EB\u30CD\u30C3\u30AF ( population bottleneck )\u3001 ( vicariance )\u3001\u79FB\u4F4F ( migration )\u3001\u306A\u3069\u304C\u3042\u308B\u3002\u8FD1\u5E74\u306F\u3001\u5408\u7956\u7406\u8AD6\u3001\u30CF\u30D7\u30ED\u30BF\u30A4\u30D7\u306E\u7CFB\u7D71\u7684\u6B74\u53F2\u3001\u5B9F\u969B\u306E\u5206\u5E03\u60C5\u5831\u3092\u7D44\u307F\u5408\u308F\u305B\u3066\u767A\u5C55\u3055\u305B\u308B\u3053\u3068\u306B\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3001\u73FE\u5728\u306E\u30D1\u30BF\u30FC\u30F3\u3092\u5F62\u6210\u3059\u308B\u306B\u3042\u305F\u3063\u3066\u4E0A\u8A18\u306E\u3088\u3046\u306A\u7570\u306A\u308B\u6B74\u53F2\u7684\u52B9\u679C\u304C\u53CA\u307C\u3057\u305F\u76F8\u5BFE\u7684\u306A\u5F79\u5272\u3092\u3088\u308A\u6B63\u78BA\u306B\u8A55\u4FA1\u3059\u308B\u3053\u3068\u304C\u53EF\u80FD\u3068\u306A\u3063\u305F\u3002 \u3055\u3089\u306B\u306F\u3001\u8FD1\u5E74\u306E\u306E\u767A\u5C55\u306B\u3088\u308B\u907A\u4F1D\u60C5\u5831\u306E\u91CF\u306E\u5897\u5927\u3001\u901F\u3055\u306E\u5411\u4E0A\u3001\u30B3\u30B9\u30C8\u306E\u4F4E\u4E0B\u306F\u65B0\u305F\u306A\u30A2\u30D7\u30ED\u30FC\u30C1\u3092\u53EF\u80FD\u3068\u3057\u3046\u308B\u3002"@ja . . "La filogeograf\u00EDa es el estudio de los procesos hist\u00F3ricos que podr\u00EDan ser responsables de las distribuciones geogr\u00E1ficas contempor\u00E1neas de individuos.\u200B\u200B Esto se logra teniendo en cuenta la distribuci\u00F3n geogr\u00E1fica de los individuos de acuerdo al patr\u00F3n asociado con una genealog\u00EDa de genes.\u200B\u200B Este t\u00E9rmino fue introducido para describir las se\u00F1ales gen\u00E9ticas geogr\u00E1ficamente estructuradas en y entre las especies. Un enfoque expl\u00EDcito sobre biogeograf\u00EDa/pasado biogeogr\u00E1fico de una especie establece un margen filogeogr\u00E1fico de la gen\u00E9tica de poblaciones y filogenia cl\u00E1sicas.\u200B\u200B"@es . . . . "Phylogeography"@en . "Filogeograf\u00EDa"@es . . . "\u062C\u063A\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064A\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642"@ar . . . . . "La filogeografia \u00E9s l'estudi dels processos hist\u00F2rics que poden ser responsables de la distribuci\u00F3 geogr\u00E0fica passada fins a l'actual dels llinatges. Aix\u00F2 s'aconsegueix tenint en compte la distribuci\u00F3 geogr\u00E0fica dels individus a la llum de la gen\u00E8tica, en particular la gen\u00E8tica de poblacions. Aquest terme es va introduir per descriure els senyals gen\u00E8tics estructurats geogr\u00E0ficament dins i entre les esp\u00E8cies. Un enfocament expl\u00EDcit en la biogeografia/passat biogeogr\u00E0fic d'una esp\u00E8cie diferencia la filogeografia de la gen\u00E8tica de poblacions i la filogen\u00E8tica cl\u00E0ssiques. Els esdeveniments passats que es poden inferir inclouen l'expansi\u00F3 de la poblaci\u00F3, els colls d'ampolla de la poblaci\u00F3, l'especiaci\u00F3 al\u00B7lop\u00E0trica, la dispersi\u00F3 i la migraci\u00F3. Els enfocaments desenvolupats recentment que integren la o la hist\u00F2ria geneal\u00F2gica dels al\u00B7lels i la informaci\u00F3 de distribuci\u00F3 poden abordar amb m\u00E9s precisi\u00F3 el paper relatiu d'aquestes diferents forces hist\u00F2riques en la configuraci\u00F3 dels patrons actuals."@ca . . . . . . . . . "Fylogeografi"@sv . . . . . "\u062C\u063A\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064A\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u062C\u063A\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064A\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0628 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062C\u0644\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0629: Phylogeography)\u200F\u060C \u0647\u064A \u062F\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0627\u0631\u064A\u062E\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0648\u0632\u064A\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u063A\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062F. \u0648\u064A\u062A\u0645 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062E\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0648\u0632\u064A\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u063A\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064A \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062F \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062B\u0629\u060C \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064A\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062B\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062F \u0623\u062F\u062E\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062D \u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062C\u064A\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062C\u063A\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064A\u0627\u064B \u062F\u0627\u062E\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0641\u064A\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064A\u0646\u0647\u0627. \u064A\u0639\u062A\u0645\u062F \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062B\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064A\u0643\u064A \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062B\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064A."@ar . . . . . . . . . . . "22073"^^ . "La filogeografia \u00E9s l'estudi dels processos hist\u00F2rics que poden ser responsables de la distribuci\u00F3 geogr\u00E0fica passada fins a l'actual dels llinatges. Aix\u00F2 s'aconsegueix tenint en compte la distribuci\u00F3 geogr\u00E0fica dels individus a la llum de la gen\u00E8tica, en particular la gen\u00E8tica de poblacions. Aquest terme es va introduir per descriure els senyals gen\u00E8tics estructurats geogr\u00E0ficament dins i entre les esp\u00E8cies. Un enfocament expl\u00EDcit en la biogeografia/passat biogeogr\u00E0fic d'una esp\u00E8cie diferencia la filogeografia de la gen\u00E8tica de poblacions i la filogen\u00E8tica cl\u00E0ssiques."@ca . "Fylogeografi \u00E4r studiet av historiska processer som kan vara orsak till nuvarande geografiskt utbredningsm\u00F6nster, men \u00E4ven cykliska f\u00F6rflyttningar, f\u00F6r arter eller grupper av arter. Fylogeografiska studier sker i ljuset av studiet av genetiska strukturer och sl\u00E4ktskap. Termen fylogeografi myntades 1987 men som forskningsf\u00E4lt har studiet f\u00F6rekommit mycket l\u00E4ngre. Termen introducerade f\u00F6r att beskriva geografiskt strukturerade genetiska mark\u00F6rer inom och bland arter. Det specifika fokuset p\u00E5 artens biogeografiska f\u00F6rflutna skiljer fylogeografi fr\u00E5n klassisk populationsgenetik och fylogenetik."@sv . "Die Phylogeographie analysiert und beschreibt die phylogenetische und geographische Herkunft einzelner genetischer Linien eines Taxons (Gruppe von Lebewesen). Sie ist ein Forschungsgebiet an der Schnittstelle von Biogeographie, Populationsgenetik und Phylogenetik und verbindet diese Disziplinen \u00FCber den methodischen Ansatz der molekularen \u00D6kologie. Die Phylogeographie kann auch als ein Teilgebiet der Populationsbiologie bezeichnet werden. Sie hat fundierte Erkenntnisse zur Evolutionsbiologie zahlreicher Arten, einschlie\u00DFlich des Menschen hervorgebracht und kann auch Br\u00FCcken schlagen zwischen Erkenntnissen der Pal\u00E4ontologie und der molekulargenetisch basierten Biologie."@de . . . . . . . . "Filogeografia"@ca . . "Filogeografia \u00E9 o estudo dos processos hist\u00F3ricos que podem ser respons\u00E1veis pela distribui\u00E7\u00E3o geogr\u00E1fica contempor\u00E2nea de indiv\u00EDduos. Isto \u00E9 conseguido considerando a distribui\u00E7\u00E3o geogr\u00E1fica dos indiv\u00EDduos \u00E0 luz dos padr\u00F5es numa genealogia gen\u00E9tica. Este termo foi introduzido para descrever sinais gen\u00E9ticos geograficamente estruturados dentro e entre esp\u00E9cies. Um foco expl\u00EDcito na biogeografia/passado biogeogr\u00E1fico de uma esp\u00E9cie diferencia a filogeografia da gen\u00E9tica populacional cl\u00E1ssica e da filogen\u00E9tica. Eventos passados que podem ser inferidos incluem expans\u00E3o populacional, efeitos de gargalo, vicari\u00E2ncia e migra\u00E7\u00E3o. Abordagens desenvolvidas recentemente que interpretam a ou a hist\u00F3ria geneol\u00F3gica dos alelos e informa\u00E7\u00E3o sobre a distribui\u00E7\u00E3o geogr\u00E1fica podem responder com mais exactid\u00E3o aos pap\u00E9is relativos das diferentes for\u00E7as hist\u00F3ricas que moldam os padr\u00F5es actuais."@pt . "Fylogeografie"@cs . "Fylogeografie je v\u011Bdeck\u00E1 discipl\u00EDna, kter\u00E1 pom\u00E1h\u00E1 biogeografii stanovit s co nejv\u011Bt\u0161\u00ED p\u0159esnost\u00ED sm\u011Bry a cesty p\u0159i postupn\u00E9m roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00E1n\u00ED \u017Eiv\u00FDch organism\u016F v dan\u00E9 oblasti a v \u010Dase. Zji\u0161\u0165uje pomoci tzv. molekul\u00E1rn\u00EDch marker\u016F p\u0159\u00EDbuznost mezi studovan\u00FDmi jedinci na ur\u010Dit\u00E9m \u00FAzem\u00ED. Vyu\u017E\u00EDv\u00E1 toho, \u017Ee \u017Eiv\u00E9 organismy si nesou v DNA stopy sv\u00E9 minulosti, co\u017E ve v\u00FDsledku pom\u00E1h\u00E1 odhalit historii druhu v geografick\u00E9m kontextu. V\u00FD\u0161e popsanou technikou ji\u017E nelze oz\u0159ejmit pohyby v posledn\u00EDm interglaci\u00E1lu a star\u0161\u00ED, tam jsou \u00FAdaje p\u0159eps\u00E1ny nov\u011Bj\u0161\u00EDm d\u011Bjem po skon\u010Den\u00ED posledn\u00EDho glaci\u00E1lu."@cs . . . "La phylog\u00E9ographie est l'\u00E9tude des principes et processus qui gouvernent la distribution des lign\u00E9es g\u00E9n\u00E9alogiques, sp\u00E9cialement celle de niveau intrasp\u00E9cifique. Elle \u00E9tudie les ph\u00E9nom\u00E8nes g\u00E9n\u00E9tiques et d\u00E9mographiques, en particulier les ph\u00E9nom\u00E8nes de sp\u00E9ciation, ayant conduit \u00E0 la distribution et \u00E0 la structuration actuelle des populations, par exemple sous l'effet de la d\u00E9rive des continents, des modifications de courants oc\u00E9aniques, des oscillations climatiques (qui induisent des glaciations et une baisse importante du niveau marin notamment), ou de catastrophes g\u00E9oclimatiques (r\u00E9silience post-crises d'extinctions majeures). Depuis peu et prospectivement, elle doit prendre en compte le fait que l'Homme est \u00E0 l'origine de grandes perturbations phylog\u00E9ographiques, \u00E0 \u00E9chelle plan\u00E9taire, \u00E0 la suite de l'invention de l'usage du feu, de l'agriculture, et des transports plan\u00E9taires (esp\u00E8ces introduites, esp\u00E8ces invasives, maladies \u00E9mergentes, etc.), mais aussi \u00E0 la suite de la fragmentation \u00E9copaysag\u00E8re des continents, \u00E0 la surp\u00EAche, ou \u00E0 la suite de la destruction et artificialisation des milieux \u00E0 grande \u00E9chelle, ou encore \u00E0 la suite du d\u00E9r\u00E8glement climatique induit par des \u00E9missions massives de gaz \u00E0 effet de serre, parall\u00E8lement \u00E0 la destruction ou saturation de nombreux puits de carbone. La diffusion dans le milieu naturel de nombreuses populations clon\u00E9es, et d'OGM ou d'esp\u00E8ces devenues antibior\u00E9sistantes, r\u00E9sistantes \u00E0 certains biocides (dont pesticides agricoles ou domestiques ou v\u00E9t\u00E9rinaires) posent \u00E9galement de nouveaux probl\u00E8mes."@fr . "La filogeograf\u00EDa es el estudio de los procesos hist\u00F3ricos que podr\u00EDan ser responsables de las distribuciones geogr\u00E1ficas contempor\u00E1neas de individuos.\u200B\u200B Esto se logra teniendo en cuenta la distribuci\u00F3n geogr\u00E1fica de los individuos de acuerdo al patr\u00F3n asociado con una genealog\u00EDa de genes.\u200B\u200B Este t\u00E9rmino fue introducido para describir las se\u00F1ales gen\u00E9ticas geogr\u00E1ficamente estructuradas en y entre las especies. Un enfoque expl\u00EDcito sobre biogeograf\u00EDa/pasado biogeogr\u00E1fico de una especie establece un margen filogeogr\u00E1fico de la gen\u00E9tica de poblaciones y filogenia cl\u00E1sicas.\u200B\u200B Los eventos pasados que pueden inferirse incluyen la expansi\u00F3n de la poblaci\u00F3n, los cuellos de botella poblacionales, vicarianza y migraci\u00F3n. Recientemente se han desarrollado enfoques que integran la teor\u00EDa de la coalescencia o historia geneal\u00F3gica de alelos e informaci\u00F3n distributiva que puede abordar con mayor precisi\u00F3n las funciones relativas de estas diferentes fuerzas hist\u00F3ricas en la formaci\u00F3n de los patrones actuales.\u200B\u200B\u200B"@es . . . . . "Filogeografi"@in . . . . . "\u89AA\u7DE3\u5730\u7406\u5B78\uFF08\u82F1\u6587\uFF1Aphylogeography\uFF09\u53C8\u79F0\u4EB2\u7F18\u5730\u7406\u5B66\u6216\u7CFB\u7D71\u5730\u7406\u5B78\uFF0C\u662F\u7528\u7269\u79CD\u6216\u79CD\u7FA4\u7684\u5730\u7406\u5206\u5E03\u6765\u9884\u6D4B\u751F\u7269\u7684\u7CFB\u7D71\u767C\u751F\u5E76\u8FDB\u884C\u6BD4\u8F83\u7814\u7A76\u7684\u4E00\u95E8\u4EA4\u53C9\u5B66\u79D1\uFF0C\u7814\u7A76\u5185\u5BB9\u5305\u62EC\u79CD\u5185\u9057\u4F20\u7CFB\u8C31\u3001\u8FD1\u7F18\u79CD\u7CFB\u5730\u7406\u5206\u5E03\u683C\u5C40\u548C\u89C4\u5F8B\u4EE5\u53CA\u5F71\u54CD\u5176\u5730\u7406\u5206\u5E03\u7684\u673A\u5236\u3002\u4E0D\u540C\u65BC\u7ECF\u5178\u7684\u7FA4\u4F53\u9057\u4F20\u5B66\u548C\u7CFB\u7EDF\u53D1\u751F\u5B66\uFF0C\u89AA\u7DE3\u5730\u7406\u5B78\u66F4\u6CE8\u91CD\u65BC\u751F\u7269\u5730\u7406\u5386\u53F2\u7684\u7814\u7A76\u3002"@zh . . "Fylogeografi \u00E4r studiet av historiska processer som kan vara orsak till nuvarande geografiskt utbredningsm\u00F6nster, men \u00E4ven cykliska f\u00F6rflyttningar, f\u00F6r arter eller grupper av arter. Fylogeografiska studier sker i ljuset av studiet av genetiska strukturer och sl\u00E4ktskap. Termen fylogeografi myntades 1987 men som forskningsf\u00E4lt har studiet f\u00F6rekommit mycket l\u00E4ngre. Termen introducerade f\u00F6r att beskriva geografiskt strukturerade genetiska mark\u00F6rer inom och bland arter. Det specifika fokuset p\u00E5 artens biogeografiska f\u00F6rflutna skiljer fylogeografi fr\u00E5n klassisk populationsgenetik och fylogenetik. Exempel p\u00E5 historiska skeenden som kan vara av betydelse \u00E4r expanderande populationer, minskande populationer, flaskhalseffekter, migration och olika varianter d\u00E4r populationer geografiskt isoleras fr\u00E5n varandra."@sv . "Phylogeography is the study of the historical processes that may be responsible for the past to present geographic distributions of genealogical lineages. This is accomplished by considering the geographic distribution of individuals in light of genetics, particularly population genetics. This term was introduced to describe geographically structured genetic signals within and among species. An explicit focus on a species' biogeography/biogeographical past sets phylogeography apart from classical population genetics and phylogenetics."@en . "La phylog\u00E9ographie est l'\u00E9tude des principes et processus qui gouvernent la distribution des lign\u00E9es g\u00E9n\u00E9alogiques, sp\u00E9cialement celle de niveau intrasp\u00E9cifique. Elle \u00E9tudie les ph\u00E9nom\u00E8nes g\u00E9n\u00E9tiques et d\u00E9mographiques, en particulier les ph\u00E9nom\u00E8nes de sp\u00E9ciation, ayant conduit \u00E0 la distribution et \u00E0 la structuration actuelle des populations, par exemple sous l'effet de la d\u00E9rive des continents, des modifications de courants oc\u00E9aniques, des oscillations climatiques (qui induisent des glaciations et une baisse importante du niveau marin notamment), ou de catastrophes g\u00E9oclimatiques (r\u00E9silience post-crises d'extinctions majeures)."@fr . . . . "\u751F\u7269\u7CFB\u7D71\u5730\u7406\u5B66(\u305B\u3044\u3076\u3064\u3051\u3044\u3068\u3046\u3061\u308A\u304C\u304F\u3001Phylogeography)\u3068\u306F\u3001\u73FE\u4EE3\u306E\u500B\u4F53\u30FB\u96C6\u56E3\u306E\u5730\u7406\u7684\u5206\u5E03\u304C\u3069\u306E\u3088\u3046\u306A\u6B74\u53F2\u7684\u904E\u7A0B\u306B\u3088\u308A\u751F\u3058\u305F\u306E\u304B\u3001\u3068\u3044\u3046\u554F\u984C\u3092\u3001\u907A\u4F1D\u5B50\u7CFB\u56F3\u306E\u30D1\u30BF\u30FC\u30F3\u306E\u89E3\u6790\u304B\u3089\u89E3\u660E\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u8A66\u307F\u308B\u3082\u306E\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002 \u3053\u306E\u7528\u8A9E\u306F\u3001\u7A2E\u5185\u304A\u3088\u3073\u7A2E\u9593\u306E\u3001\u5730\u7406\u7684\u52B9\u679C\u306B\u3088\u308A\u69CB\u9020\u5316\u3055\u308C\u305F\u907A\u4F1D\u7684\u30D1\u30BF\u30FC\u30F3\u306B\u6CE8\u76EE\u3059\u308B\u5834\u5408\u306B\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308C\u308B\u3002\u3042\u308B\u7A2E\u306E\u73FE\u5728\u306E\u751F\u7269\u5730\u7406\u72B6\u6CC1\u3084\u3001\u4E88\u60F3\u3055\u308C\u308B\u904E\u53BB\u306E\u7CFB\u7D71\u7684\u60C5\u5831\u3092\u751F\u7269\u5730\u7406\u5B66\u7684\u89B3\u70B9\u304B\u3089\u8AAD\u307F\u89E3\u304F\u3053\u3068\u306B\u4E3B\u984C\u3092\u7F6E\u304F\u70B9\u3067\u3001\u53E4\u5178\u7684\u306A\u96C6\u56E3\u907A\u4F1D\u5B66\u3084\u3068\u306F\u7570\u306A\u308B\u3002 \u63A8\u6E2C\u3055\u308C\u308B\u904E\u53BB\u306E\u30A4\u30D9\u30F3\u30C8\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306F\u3001 ( population expansion )\u3001\u30DC\u30C8\u30EB\u30CD\u30C3\u30AF ( population bottleneck )\u3001 ( vicariance )\u3001\u79FB\u4F4F ( migration )\u3001\u306A\u3069\u304C\u3042\u308B\u3002\u8FD1\u5E74\u306F\u3001\u5408\u7956\u7406\u8AD6\u3001\u30CF\u30D7\u30ED\u30BF\u30A4\u30D7\u306E\u7CFB\u7D71\u7684\u6B74\u53F2\u3001\u5B9F\u969B\u306E\u5206\u5E03\u60C5\u5831\u3092\u7D44\u307F\u5408\u308F\u305B\u3066\u767A\u5C55\u3055\u305B\u308B\u3053\u3068\u306B\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3001\u73FE\u5728\u306E\u30D1\u30BF\u30FC\u30F3\u3092\u5F62\u6210\u3059\u308B\u306B\u3042\u305F\u3063\u3066\u4E0A\u8A18\u306E\u3088\u3046\u306A\u7570\u306A\u308B\u6B74\u53F2\u7684\u52B9\u679C\u304C\u53CA\u307C\u3057\u305F\u76F8\u5BFE\u7684\u306A\u5F79\u5272\u3092\u3088\u308A\u6B63\u78BA\u306B\u8A55\u4FA1\u3059\u308B\u3053\u3068\u304C\u53EF\u80FD\u3068\u306A\u3063\u305F\u3002 \u3055\u3089\u306B\u306F\u3001\u8FD1\u5E74\u306E\u306E\u767A\u5C55\u306B\u3088\u308B\u907A\u4F1D\u60C5\u5831\u306E\u91CF\u306E\u5897\u5927\u3001\u901F\u3055\u306E\u5411\u4E0A\u3001\u30B3\u30B9\u30C8\u306E\u4F4E\u4E0B\u306F\u65B0\u305F\u306A\u30A2\u30D7\u30ED\u30FC\u30C1\u3092\u53EF\u80FD\u3068\u3057\u3046\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . . "\u89AA\u7DE3\u5730\u7406\u5B78\uFF08\u82F1\u6587\uFF1Aphylogeography\uFF09\u53C8\u79F0\u4EB2\u7F18\u5730\u7406\u5B66\u6216\u7CFB\u7D71\u5730\u7406\u5B78\uFF0C\u662F\u7528\u7269\u79CD\u6216\u79CD\u7FA4\u7684\u5730\u7406\u5206\u5E03\u6765\u9884\u6D4B\u751F\u7269\u7684\u7CFB\u7D71\u767C\u751F\u5E76\u8FDB\u884C\u6BD4\u8F83\u7814\u7A76\u7684\u4E00\u95E8\u4EA4\u53C9\u5B66\u79D1\uFF0C\u7814\u7A76\u5185\u5BB9\u5305\u62EC\u79CD\u5185\u9057\u4F20\u7CFB\u8C31\u3001\u8FD1\u7F18\u79CD\u7CFB\u5730\u7406\u5206\u5E03\u683C\u5C40\u548C\u89C4\u5F8B\u4EE5\u53CA\u5F71\u54CD\u5176\u5730\u7406\u5206\u5E03\u7684\u673A\u5236\u3002\u4E0D\u540C\u65BC\u7ECF\u5178\u7684\u7FA4\u4F53\u9057\u4F20\u5B66\u548C\u7CFB\u7EDF\u53D1\u751F\u5B66\uFF0C\u89AA\u7DE3\u5730\u7406\u5B78\u66F4\u6CE8\u91CD\u65BC\u751F\u7269\u5730\u7406\u5386\u53F2\u7684\u7814\u7A76\u3002"@zh . . . . . . . . "Phylogeography is the study of the historical processes that may be responsible for the past to present geographic distributions of genealogical lineages. This is accomplished by considering the geographic distribution of individuals in light of genetics, particularly population genetics. This term was introduced to describe geographically structured genetic signals within and among species. An explicit focus on a species' biogeography/biogeographical past sets phylogeography apart from classical population genetics and phylogenetics. Past events that can be inferred include population expansion, population bottlenecks, vicariance, dispersal, and migration. Recently developed approaches integrating coalescent theory or the genealogical history of alleles and distributional information can more accurately address the relative roles of these different historical forces in shaping current patterns."@en . . . . . "\u751F\u7269\u7CFB\u7D71\u5730\u7406\u5B66"@ja . . . . . . . . . "Filogeografia \u00E9 o estudo dos processos hist\u00F3ricos que podem ser respons\u00E1veis pela distribui\u00E7\u00E3o geogr\u00E1fica contempor\u00E2nea de indiv\u00EDduos. Isto \u00E9 conseguido considerando a distribui\u00E7\u00E3o geogr\u00E1fica dos indiv\u00EDduos \u00E0 luz dos padr\u00F5es numa genealogia gen\u00E9tica. Este termo foi introduzido para descrever sinais gen\u00E9ticos geograficamente estruturados dentro e entre esp\u00E9cies. Um foco expl\u00EDcito na biogeografia/passado biogeogr\u00E1fico de uma esp\u00E9cie diferencia a filogeografia da gen\u00E9tica populacional cl\u00E1ssica e da filogen\u00E9tica. Eventos passados que podem ser inferidos incluem expans\u00E3o populacional, efeitos de gargalo, vicari\u00E2ncia e migra\u00E7\u00E3o. Abordagens desenvolvidas recentemente que interpretam a ou a hist\u00F3ria geneol\u00F3gica dos alelos e informa\u00E7\u00E3o sobre a distribui\u00E7\u00E3o geogr\u00E1fica podem responder com mais exact"@pt . . . 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"Phylogeographie"@de . "\u89AA\u7DE3\u5730\u7406\u5B78"@zh . . .