. "Afro-Asiatic"@en . . . "Las lenguas sem\u00EDticas noroccidentales forman una divisi\u00F3n intermedia de la familia de lenguas sem\u00EDticas. Las lenguas de este grupo son habladas por unos 8 millones de personas."@es . . . . "3922652"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . "Lleng\u00FCes sem\u00EDtiques nord-occidentals"@ca . "nort3165"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . "La nordokcidenta \u015Demida lingvaro estas subaro de la \u015Demida lingvaro, kiu konsistas de la indi\u011Denaj lingvoj de la Levanto. \u011Ci elmer\u011Di\u011Dis de en la frua bronzepoko. \u011Ci unue atesti\u011Dis en propraj nomoj, identitaj kiel , en la meza bronzepoko. La plej malnovaj koheraj tekstoj estas en la ugarita, datitaj al la malfrua bronzepoko. Ekde la bronzepoka kolapso atesti\u011Das la malnova aramea, kaj ekde la ferepoko, la kanaana lingvaro (inklude la fenica kaj hebrea)."@eo . . . . "Comparison of Northwest Semitic scripts, by Mark Lidzbarski in 1898"@en . . . "\uBD81\uC11C\uC148\uC5B4\uAD70(Northwest Semitic languages)\uC740 \uC148\uC5B4\uD30C\uC5D0 \uC18D\uD558\uB294 \uC5B4\uAD70 \uC911 \uD558\uB098\uB85C, \uC8FC\uB85C \uB808\uBC18\uD2B8 \uC9C0\uC5ED\uC5D0\uC11C \uC5ED\uC0AC\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uC0AC\uC6A9\uB41C \uC5B8\uC5B4\uB4E4\uB85C \uC774\uB8E8\uC5B4\uC9C4\uB2E4. \uCCAD\uB3D9\uAE30 \uC2DC\uB300\uC5D0 \uB098\uD0C0\uB098 \uAC00 \uCC98\uC74C \uAE30\uB85D\uB41C \uC774\uD6C4 \uD6C4\uAE30 \uCCAD\uB3D9\uAE30 \uC2DC\uB300\uBD80\uD130\uB294 \uC6B0\uAC00\uB9AC\uD2B8\uC5B4\uB85C \uC815\uC5F0\uD55C \uAE30\uB85D\uB4E4\uC774 \uB098\uD0C0\uB098\uAE30 \uC2DC\uC791\uD558\uBA70, \uCCAD\uB3D9\uAE30 \uC2DC\uB300\uAC00 \uBB34\uB108\uC9C0\uACE0 \uCCA0\uAE30 \uC2DC\uB300\uC5D0 \uB4E4\uC5B4\uC11C\uBA70 \uCC28\uB840\uB85C , \uD788\uBE0C\uB9AC\uC5B4\uAC00 \uC5ED\uC0AC\uC5D0 \uB4F1\uC7A5\uD558\uC600\uB2E4. \uC544\uB78D\uC5B4\uC640 \uBE44\uAD50\uC801 \uAC00\uAE4C\uC6B4 \uAD00\uACC4\uB85C \uBCF4\uC5EC \uB9CE\uC740 \uD559\uC790\uB4E4\uC774 \uD568\uAED8 \uC911\uC559\uC148\uC5B4\uAD70\uC73C\uB85C \uBB36\uB294\uB2E4. \uD55C\uD3B8 \uD604\uB300 \uC5B8\uC5B4\uB97C \uB2E4\uB8E8\uB294 \uC5D0\uC2A4\uB180\uB85C\uADF8\uC5D0\uC11C\uB294 \uBD81\uC11C\uC148\uC5B4\uAD70\uC774\uB77C\uB294 \uBD84\uB958\uB97C \uBC1B\uC544\uB4E4\uC774\uC9C0 \uC54A\uACE0, \uC624\uD788\uB824 \uC544\uB78D\uC5B4\uC640 \uAC00\uB098\uC548 \uC81C\uC5B4\uB97C \uC11C\uB85C \uBB36\uC73C\uBA70 \uB530\uB85C \uB5A8\uC5B4\uC9C4 \uC544\uB78C\uC5B4\uC640 \uD568\uAED8 \uC911\uC559\uC148\uC5B4\uAD70\uC744 \uC774\uB8EC\uB2E4\uACE0 \uBD84\uB958\uD558\uACE0 \uC788\uB2E4. \uD604\uC874\uD558\uB294 \uBD81\uC11C\uC148\uC5B4\uAD70\uC740 \uD06C\uAC8C \uC544\uB78C\uC5B4\uC640 \uAC00\uB098\uC548 \uC81C\uC5B4\uB85C \uB098\uB258\uBA70, \uACFC\uAC70\uC5D0 \uC0AC\uBA78\uD55C , \uC544\uBAA8\uB9AC\uC5B4(\uC6B0\uAC00\uB9AC\uD2B8\uC5B4) \uB4F1\uC740 \uBD84\uB958\uAC00 \uBD88\uD655\uC2E4\uD558\uB2E4. \uC544\uB78C\uC5B4\uB294 \uC5EC\uB7EC \uC5B8\uC5B4\uBCC0\uC774\uD615\uC73C\uB85C \uB354 \uC790\uC138\uD788 \uB098\uB258\uACE0, \uAC00\uB098\uC548 \uC81C\uC5B4\uC758 \uC8FC\uC694 \uC5B8\uC5B4\uB294 \uD788\uBE0C\uB9AC\uC5B4\uC774\uB2E4."@ko . . . . . "\u5317\u897F\u30BB\u30E0\u8AF8\u8A9E\uFF08\u307B\u304F\u305B\u3044\u30BB\u30E0\u3057\u3087\u3054\u3001Northwest Semitic\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u30BB\u30E0\u8A9E\u6D3E\u306E\u4E0B\u4F4D\u7FA4\u306E\u3072\u3068\u3064\u3002\u5730\u4E2D\u6D77\u6771\u5CB8\u306E\u30EC\u30D0\u30F3\u30C8\u5730\u65B9\u306E\u8AF8\u8A00\u8A9E\u3092\u542B\u3080\u3002"@ja . . "Northwest Semitic"@en . . . . . "Comparison of Aramaic alphabets, Mark Lidzbarski, 1898.jpg"@en . . . . . . . . "\uBD81\uC11C\uC148\uC5B4\uAD70"@ko . . "Phoenician alphabets"@en . . . "Le s\u00E9mitique du Nord-Ouest, aussi appel\u00E9 syro-palestinien en g\u00E9ographie dialectale est une division des langues s\u00E9mitiques comprenant les langues autochtones du Levant. Il aurait \u00E9merg\u00E9 du s\u00E9mitique commun au d\u00E9but de l'\u00C2ge du bronze. Il est d'abord attest\u00E9 par des noms propres identifi\u00E9s comme amorrites \u00E0 l'\u00C2ge du bronze moyen. Les textes coh\u00E9rents les plus anciens sont en ougaritique, datant de la fin de l'\u00C2ge du bronze, qui, au moment de l' effondrement de l'\u00C2ge du bronze, sont rejoints par l', et par l'\u00C2ge du fer par les langues canan\u00E9ennes (ph\u00E9nicien et h\u00E9breu). Le terme a \u00E9t\u00E9 invent\u00E9 par Carl Brockelmann en 1908, qui a s\u00E9par\u00E9 la classification 1883 de Fritz Hommel de langues s\u00E9mitiques occidentales en langues s\u00E9mitiques du Nord-Ouest (canan\u00E9en et aram\u00E9en) et langues s\u00E9mitiques du Sud-Ouest (arabe et abyssin) Le sous-groupe canan\u00E9en de Brockelmann comprend l'ougaritique, le ph\u00E9nicien et l'h\u00E9breu. Certains \u00E9rudits en s\u00E9pareraient de nos jours l'ougaritique, le consid\u00E9rant comme une branche distincte du s\u00E9mitique du Nord-Ouest aux c\u00F4t\u00E9s du canan\u00E9en. Le s\u00E9mitique central est un groupe interm\u00E9diaire propos\u00E9 comprenant le s\u00E9mitique du nord-ouest et l' arabe. Le s\u00E9mitique central est soit un sous-groupe du , soit une division de premier niveau du s\u00E9mitique au c\u00F4t\u00E9 du s\u00E9mitique de l'Est et du s\u00E9mitique du Sud. SIL Ethnologue dans son syst\u00E8me de classification (des langues vivantes seulement) \u00E9limine enti\u00E8rement le s\u00E9mitique du Nord-Ouest en r\u00E9unissant le canan\u00E9en et l'arabe dans un groupe \u00AB sud-central \u00BB qui, avec l'aram\u00E9en, forme le s\u00E9mitique central. L' inscription de Deir Alla et le samalien ont \u00E9t\u00E9 identifi\u00E9s comme des vari\u00E9t\u00E9s linguistiques ne relevant pas de l'aram\u00E9en proprement dit, mais contenant quelques similitudes avec l'aram\u00E9en, peut-\u00EAtre dans un sous-groupe \u00AB aramo\u00EFde \u00BB ou \u00AB syrien \u00BB \u2019. Il est clair que l'\u00E9criture taymanitique exprimait une vari\u00E9t\u00E9 linguistique distincte qui n'est pas arabe et qui n'est pas \u00E9troitement li\u00E9e \u00E0 l'hisma\u00EFque ou au , alors qu'on peut provisoirement sugg\u00E9rer qu'elle \u00E9tait plus \u00E9troitement li\u00E9e au s\u00E9mitique du Nord-Ouest."@fr . . . . . . . . . . . . "As l\u00EDnguas sem\u00EDticas do noroeste (tamb\u00E9m ditas lev\u00E2nticas ou levantinas) formam uma divis\u00E3o de n\u00EDvel m\u00E9dio da fam\u00EDlia lingu\u00EDstica sem\u00EDtica. As l\u00EDnguas deste grupo s\u00E3o faladas por aproximadamente oito milh\u00F5es de pessoas hoje em dia. O grupo geralmente \u00E9 dividido em tr\u00EAs ramos: o ugar\u00EDtico (extinto), o cananeu (que inclui o hebraico e o aramaico). frequentemente agrupam as l\u00EDnguas sem\u00EDticas do noroeste com o \u00E1rabe, formando assim o grupo sem\u00EDtico central, o que indica a rela\u00E7\u00E3o particular do \u00E1rabe com as l\u00EDnguas deste grupo. O ugar\u00EDtico, j\u00E1 extinto, foi o primeiro exemplo do sem\u00EDtico noroeste. Em termos fonol\u00F3gicos, o ugar\u00EDtico perdeu o som /d\u02E4/, e o substituiu pelo /s\u02E4/ (\u1E63) (a mesma mudan\u00E7a ocorreu no ac\u00E1dio). Este mesmo som se tornou o /\u0295/ no aramaico (embora no ele fosse escrito com o qoph), o que sugere que o ugar\u00EDtico n\u00E3o seria um dos idiomas maternos do grupo. Um exemplo desta mudan\u00E7a sonora pode ser visto na palavra que significa \"terra\": em ugar\u00EDtico /\u0294ars\u02E4/ (\u2019ar\u1E63), em hebraico /\u0294\u025Br\u025Bs\u02E4/ (\u2019ere\u1E63) e em aramaico /\u0294ar\u0295a\u02D0/ (\u2019ar\u2018\u0101\u2019). Eram falados originalmente por toda a \u00E1rea dos atuais Israel, S\u00EDria, Jord\u00E2nia, L\u00EDbano e o Sinai. A ocorrida nas l\u00EDnguas cananeias, de /a\u02D0/ a /o\u02D0/]], diferencia estes idiomas do ugar\u00EDtico. Tamb\u00E9m no grupo cananeu as fricativas sem\u00EDticas se tornam : /\u00F0/, /\u03B8/ e /z\u02E4/ se tornam /z/, /\u0283/ (\u0161) e /s\u02E4/ (\u1E63) respectivamente. O efeito desta mudan\u00E7a voc\u00E1lica pode ser visto na compara\u00E7\u00E3o das seguintes palavras:"@pt . . . "As l\u00EDnguas sem\u00EDticas do noroeste (tamb\u00E9m ditas lev\u00E2nticas ou levantinas) formam uma divis\u00E3o de n\u00EDvel m\u00E9dio da fam\u00EDlia lingu\u00EDstica sem\u00EDtica. As l\u00EDnguas deste grupo s\u00E3o faladas por aproximadamente oito milh\u00F5es de pessoas hoje em dia. O grupo geralmente \u00E9 dividido em tr\u00EAs ramos: o ugar\u00EDtico (extinto), o cananeu (que inclui o hebraico e o aramaico). frequentemente agrupam as l\u00EDnguas sem\u00EDticas do noroeste com o \u00E1rabe, formando assim o grupo sem\u00EDtico central, o que indica a rela\u00E7\u00E3o particular do \u00E1rabe com as l\u00EDnguas deste grupo."@pt . . "\u0644\u063A\u0627\u062A \u0633\u0627\u0645\u064A\u0629 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u063A\u0631\u0628\u064A\u0629"@ar . . . . . . . . . . . . "Aramaic alphabets"@en . . "Langues s\u00E9mitiques du Nord-Ouest"@fr . . . "Severoz\u00E1padn\u00ED semitsk\u00E9 jazyky"@cs . . . . . . . "\uBD81\uC11C\uC148\uC5B4\uAD70(Northwest Semitic languages)\uC740 \uC148\uC5B4\uD30C\uC5D0 \uC18D\uD558\uB294 \uC5B4\uAD70 \uC911 \uD558\uB098\uB85C, \uC8FC\uB85C \uB808\uBC18\uD2B8 \uC9C0\uC5ED\uC5D0\uC11C \uC5ED\uC0AC\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uC0AC\uC6A9\uB41C \uC5B8\uC5B4\uB4E4\uB85C \uC774\uB8E8\uC5B4\uC9C4\uB2E4. \uCCAD\uB3D9\uAE30 \uC2DC\uB300\uC5D0 \uB098\uD0C0\uB098 \uAC00 \uCC98\uC74C \uAE30\uB85D\uB41C \uC774\uD6C4 \uD6C4\uAE30 \uCCAD\uB3D9\uAE30 \uC2DC\uB300\uBD80\uD130\uB294 \uC6B0\uAC00\uB9AC\uD2B8\uC5B4\uB85C \uC815\uC5F0\uD55C \uAE30\uB85D\uB4E4\uC774 \uB098\uD0C0\uB098\uAE30 \uC2DC\uC791\uD558\uBA70, \uCCAD\uB3D9\uAE30 \uC2DC\uB300\uAC00 \uBB34\uB108\uC9C0\uACE0 \uCCA0\uAE30 \uC2DC\uB300\uC5D0 \uB4E4\uC5B4\uC11C\uBA70 \uCC28\uB840\uB85C , \uD788\uBE0C\uB9AC\uC5B4\uAC00 \uC5ED\uC0AC\uC5D0 \uB4F1\uC7A5\uD558\uC600\uB2E4. \uC544\uB78D\uC5B4\uC640 \uBE44\uAD50\uC801 \uAC00\uAE4C\uC6B4 \uAD00\uACC4\uB85C \uBCF4\uC5EC \uB9CE\uC740 \uD559\uC790\uB4E4\uC774 \uD568\uAED8 \uC911\uC559\uC148\uC5B4\uAD70\uC73C\uB85C \uBB36\uB294\uB2E4. \uD55C\uD3B8 \uD604\uB300 \uC5B8\uC5B4\uB97C \uB2E4\uB8E8\uB294 \uC5D0\uC2A4\uB180\uB85C\uADF8\uC5D0\uC11C\uB294 \uBD81\uC11C\uC148\uC5B4\uAD70\uC774\uB77C\uB294 \uBD84\uB958\uB97C \uBC1B\uC544\uB4E4\uC774\uC9C0 \uC54A\uACE0, \uC624\uD788\uB824 \uC544\uB78D\uC5B4\uC640 \uAC00\uB098\uC548 \uC81C\uC5B4\uB97C \uC11C\uB85C \uBB36\uC73C\uBA70 \uB530\uB85C \uB5A8\uC5B4\uC9C4 \uC544\uB78C\uC5B4\uC640 \uD568\uAED8 \uC911\uC559\uC148\uC5B4\uAD70\uC744 \uC774\uB8EC\uB2E4\uACE0 \uBD84\uB958\uD558\uACE0 \uC788\uB2E4. \uD604\uC874\uD558\uB294 \uBD81\uC11C\uC148\uC5B4\uAD70\uC740 \uD06C\uAC8C \uC544\uB78C\uC5B4\uC640 \uAC00\uB098\uC548 \uC81C\uC5B4\uB85C \uB098\uB258\uBA70, \uACFC\uAC70\uC5D0 \uC0AC\uBA78\uD55C , \uC544\uBAA8\uB9AC\uC5B4(\uC6B0\uAC00\uB9AC\uD2B8\uC5B4) \uB4F1\uC740 \uBD84\uB958\uAC00 \uBD88\uD655\uC2E4\uD558\uB2E4. \uC544\uB78C\uC5B4\uB294 \uC5EC\uB7EC \uC5B8\uC5B4\uBCC0\uC774\uD615\uC73C\uB85C \uB354 \uC790\uC138\uD788 \uB098\uB258\uACE0, \uAC00\uB098\uC548 \uC81C\uC5B4\uC758 \uC8FC\uC694 \uC5B8\uC5B4\uB294 \uD788\uBE0C\uB9AC\uC5B4\uC774\uB2E4."@ko . . "Las lenguas sem\u00EDticas noroccidentales forman una divisi\u00F3n intermedia de la familia de lenguas sem\u00EDticas. Las lenguas de este grupo son habladas por unos 8 millones de personas."@es . . "150"^^ . "Nordwestsemitische Sprachen"@de . . . . . "Nordokcidenta \u015Demida lingvaro"@eo . . . . . "Rumpun bahasa Semit Barat Laut adalah suatu bahasa Semit yang meliputi bahasa-bahasa pribumi di wilayah Syam. Bahasa-bahasa itu muncul dari Common Semitic di Zaman Perunggu Dini. Pertama kali dibuktikan dengan nama-nama orang yang diidentifikasi sebagai orang Amori di Zaman Perunggu Tengah. Teks koheren tertua adalah dalam bahasa Ugarit, yang berasal dari Zaman Perunggu Akhir, yang pada saat berakhirnya Zaman Perunggu bergabung dengan bahasa Aram Kuno, dan menjelang Zaman Besi dengan bahasa-bahasa Kanaan (Fenisia dan Ibrani).Istilah ini diciptakan oleh Carl Brockelmann pada tahun 1908, yang memisahkan klasifikasi Fritz Hommel tahun 1883 terkait \"bahasa Semit Barat\" menjadi Barat Laut ( Kanaan dan Aram ) dan Barat Daya (Arab dan Abisinia). Sub-kelompok Kanaan dari Brockelmann termasuk Ugaritik, Fenisia dan Ibrani. Beberapa sarjana sekarang akan memisahkan Ugaritik sebagai cabang terpisah dari bahasa-bahasa Semit Barat Laut bersama-sama Kanaan. Bahasa Semit Tengah adalah kelompok antara yang diusulkan terdiri dari bahasa-bahasa Semit Barat Laut dan Arab . Bahasa-bahasa Semit Tengah adalah salah satu subkelompok dari Semit Barat, atau divisi tingkat atas bahasa Semit bersama Semit Timur dan Semit Selatan . SIL Ethnologue dalam sistem klasifikasi (hanya untuk bahasa yang hidup) menghilangkan Semit Barat Laut seluruhnya dengan menggabungkan bahasa Kanaan dan Arab dalam kelompok \"Selatan-Tengah\" yang bersama-sama dengan bahasa Aram membentuk Semit Tengah. Jelas bahwa skrip Taymanitic mengekspresikan variasi linguistik yang berbeda yang bukan bahasa Arab dan tidak terkait erat dengan Hismaik atau Safaitik, sementara itu secara tentatif dapat disarankan bahwa skrip itu lebih terkait erat dengan bahasa Semit Barat Laut."@in . . . . . . . . "29867"^^ . . . . . "Northwest Semitic is a division of the Semitic languages comprising the indigenous languages of the Levant. It emerged from Proto-Semitic in the Early Bronze Age. It is first attested in proper names identified as Amorite in the Middle Bronze Age. The oldest coherent texts are in Ugaritic, dating to the Late Bronze Age, which by the time of the Bronze Age collapse are joined by Old Aramaic, and by the Iron Age by Sutean and the Canaanite languages (Phoenician/Punic, Edomite, Moabite and Hebrew)."@en . . "El sem\u00EDtic nord-occidental \u00E9s una de les divisions de les lleng\u00FCes sem\u00EDtiques. Est\u00E0 format per l'amorita, l'ugar\u00EDtic (ambd\u00F3s extingits), l'arameu i les lleng\u00FCes canaanites, a les quals pertany l'hebreu. La llengua m\u00E9s antiga del grup \u00E9s l'ugar\u00EDtic, sense que es pugui considerar que sigui la llengua mare de la subfam\u00EDlia, sin\u00F3 que tots els seus membres descendeixen d'un dialecte del protosem\u00EDtic de manera independent, parlat a la zona de Palestina cap al II mil\u00B7lenni aC."@ca . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Northwest Semitic languages"@en . . . . . . . . . . "El sem\u00EDtic nord-occidental \u00E9s una de les divisions de les lleng\u00FCes sem\u00EDtiques. Est\u00E0 format per l'amorita, l'ugar\u00EDtic (ambd\u00F3s extingits), l'arameu i les lleng\u00FCes canaanites, a les quals pertany l'hebreu. La llengua m\u00E9s antiga del grup \u00E9s l'ugar\u00EDtic, sense que es pugui considerar que sigui la llengua mare de la subfam\u00EDlia, sin\u00F3 que tots els seus membres descendeixen d'un dialecte del protosem\u00EDtic de manera independent, parlat a la zona de Palestina cap al II mil\u00B7lenni aC."@ca . . "Rumpun bahasa Semit Barat Laut"@in . . . "L\u00EDnguas sem\u00EDticas do noroeste"@pt . . . . "Severoz\u00E1padn\u00ED semitsk\u00E9 jazyky jsou jednou ze t\u0159\u00ED podskupin semitsk\u00FDch jazyk\u016F. Jeliko\u017E vnit\u0159n\u00ED d\u011Blen\u00ED semitsk\u00FDch jazyk\u016F odpov\u00EDd\u00E1 i jejich geografick\u00E9mu roz\u0161\u00ED\u0159en\u00ED (alespo\u0148 ve starov\u011Bku), severoz\u00E1padn\u00ED skupina zahrnuje jazyky roz\u0161\u00ED\u0159en\u00E9 v oblasti S\u00FDrie a Kena\u00E1nu, tedy p\u0159ibli\u017En\u011B na \u00FAzem\u00ED dne\u0161n\u00EDch zem\u00ED S\u00FDrie, jihov\u00FDchodn\u00EDho Turecka, Izraele, Palestiny, Jord\u00E1nska a Libanonu. Severoz\u00E1padn\u00ED semitsk\u00E9 jazyky se d\u00E1le d\u011Bl\u00ED na dv\u011B v\u011Bt\u0161\u00ED skupiny, na aramejskou a kena\u00E1nskou. Aramejsk\u00E1 skupina zahrnuje aramej\u0161tinu a jej\u00ED odno\u017Ee a formy, jich\u017E bylo v pr\u016Fb\u011Bhu stalet\u00ED velmi mnoho. Do t\u00E9to skupiny spad\u00E1 i , pokud ji pova\u017Eujeme za samostatn\u00FD jazyk. Kena\u00E1nsk\u00E1 skupina obsahuje f\u00E9ni\u010Dtinu a jej\u00ED formy (bybloskou f\u00E9ni\u010Dtinu, pun\u0161tinu aj.) a hebrej\u0161tinu a jej\u00ED formy moab\u0161tinu, pravd\u011Bpodobn\u011B i amon\u0161tinu a edom\u0161tinu."@cs . "\u5317\u897F\u30BB\u30E0\u8AF8\u8A9E\uFF08\u307B\u304F\u305B\u3044\u30BB\u30E0\u3057\u3087\u3054\u3001Northwest Semitic\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u30BB\u30E0\u8A9E\u6D3E\u306E\u4E0B\u4F4D\u7FA4\u306E\u3072\u3068\u3064\u3002\u5730\u4E2D\u6D77\u6771\u5CB8\u306E\u30EC\u30D0\u30F3\u30C8\u5730\u65B9\u306E\u8AF8\u8A00\u8A9E\u3092\u542B\u3080\u3002"@ja . . . "Levantine"@en . . . "1122606964"^^ . . "Northwest Semitic is a division of the Semitic languages comprising the indigenous languages of the Levant. It emerged from Proto-Semitic in the Early Bronze Age. It is first attested in proper names identified as Amorite in the Middle Bronze Age. The oldest coherent texts are in Ugaritic, dating to the Late Bronze Age, which by the time of the Bronze Age collapse are joined by Old Aramaic, and by the Iron Age by Sutean and the Canaanite languages (Phoenician/Punic, Edomite, Moabite and Hebrew). The term was coined by Carl Brockelmann in 1908, who separated Fritz Hommel's 1883 classification of Semitic languages into Northwest (Canaanite and Aramaic), East Semitic (Akkadian, its Assyrian and Babylonian dialects, Eblaite) and Southwest (Arabic, Old South Arabian languages and Abyssinian). Brockelmann's Canaanite sub-group includes Ugaritic, Phoenician and Hebrew. Some scholars would now separate Ugaritic as a separate branch of Northwest Semitic alongside Canaanite. Central Semitic is a proposed intermediate group comprising Northwest Semitic and Arabic.Central Semitic is either a subgroup of West Semitic or a top-level division of Semitic alongside East Semitic and South Semitic. SIL Ethnologue in its system of classification (of living languages only) eliminates Northwest Semitic entirely by joining Canaanite and Arabic in a \"South-Central\" group which together with Aramaic forms Central Semitic. The Deir Alla Inscription and Samalian have been identified as language varieties falling outside Aramaic proper but with some similarities to it, possibly in an \"Aramoid\" or \"Syrian\" subgroup. It is clear that the Taymanitic script expressed a distinct linguistic variety that is not Arabic and not closely related to Hismaic or Safaitic, while it can tentatively be suggested that it was more closely related to Northwest Semitic."@en . . . . . . . . . . "Comparison of Phoenician alphabets, Mark Lidzbarski, 1898.jpg"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063A\u0631\u0628\u064A\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u062A\u0642\u0633\u064A\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0639\u064A \u0641\u064A \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064A\u0629\u060C \u062D\u064A\u062B \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062A\u0646\u062A\u0645\u064A \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u062A\u0646\u062A\u0645\u064A \u0628\u062F\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063A\u0631\u0628\u064A\u0629 (\u0648\u0647\u064A \u0648\u0627\u062D\u062F \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0642\u0633\u064A\u0645\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064A\u0633\u064A\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064A\u0629). \u0648\u064A\u062A\u062D\u062F\u062B \u0627\u0644\u064A\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u064A\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u06408 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064A\u064A\u0646 \u0634\u062E\u0635 \u0644\u063A\u0627\u062A \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062C\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u062A\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062C\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062B\u0644\u0627\u062B\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u063A\u0627\u0631\u064A\u062A\u064A\u0629 (\u0645\u0646\u0642\u0631\u0636\u0629) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0629 (\u0648\u062A\u062A\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064A\u0629) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064A\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063A\u0631\u0628\u064A\u0629 \u062A\u064F\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064A\u0629 \u00AB\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649\u00BB."@ar . . . . "concentrated in the Middle East"@en . . . . . . "Lenguas sem\u00EDticas noroccidentales"@es . . . "Die nordwestsemitischen Sprachen bilden einen Zweig der semitischen Sprachfamilie. Zu ihnen geh\u00F6ren unter anderem das Hebr\u00E4ische, Aram\u00E4ische und Ugaritische."@de . . . "Die nordwestsemitischen Sprachen bilden einen Zweig der semitischen Sprachfamilie. Zu ihnen geh\u00F6ren unter anderem das Hebr\u00E4ische, Aram\u00E4ische und Ugaritische."@de . . . . "\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063A\u0631\u0628\u064A\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u062A\u0642\u0633\u064A\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0639\u064A \u0641\u064A \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064A\u0629\u060C \u062D\u064A\u062B \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062A\u0646\u062A\u0645\u064A \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u062A\u0646\u062A\u0645\u064A \u0628\u062F\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063A\u0631\u0628\u064A\u0629 (\u0648\u0647\u064A \u0648\u0627\u062D\u062F \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0642\u0633\u064A\u0645\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064A\u0633\u064A\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064A\u0629). \u0648\u064A\u062A\u062D\u062F\u062B \u0627\u0644\u064A\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u064A\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u06408 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064A\u064A\u0646 \u0634\u062E\u0635 \u0644\u063A\u0627\u062A \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062C\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u062A\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062C\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062B\u0644\u0627\u062B\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u063A\u0627\u0631\u064A\u062A\u064A\u0629 (\u0645\u0646\u0642\u0631\u0636\u0629) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0629 (\u0648\u062A\u062A\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064A\u0629) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064A\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063A\u0631\u0628\u064A\u0629 \u062A\u064F\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064A\u0629 \u00AB\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649\u00BB. \u0623\u0642\u062F\u0645 \u0644\u063A\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0645\u064A\u0629 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u063A\u0631\u0628\u064A\u0629 \u0647\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u063A\u0627\u0631\u064A\u062A\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062D\u062A \u0645\u0646\u0642\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646. \u0648\u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063A\u0631\u0628\u064A\u0629 \u062A\u064F\u062A\u062D\u062F\u0651\u062B \u0641\u064A \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0633\u064A\u0646\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u0642\u062F \u0646\u0634\u0623\u062A \u0623\u0642\u062F\u0645 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063A\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0645\u064A\u0629 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u063A\u0631\u0628\u064A\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0644\u0627\u062F."@ar . . . . "La nordokcidenta \u015Demida lingvaro estas subaro de la \u015Demida lingvaro, kiu konsistas de la indi\u011Denaj lingvoj de la Levanto. \u011Ci elmer\u011Di\u011Dis de en la frua bronzepoko. \u011Ci unue atesti\u011Dis en propraj nomoj, identitaj kiel , en la meza bronzepoko. La plej malnovaj koheraj tekstoj estas en la ugarita, datitaj al la malfrua bronzepoko. Ekde la bronzepoka kolapso atesti\u011Das la malnova aramea, kaj ekde la ferepoko, la kanaana lingvaro (inklude la fenica kaj hebrea). La terminon inventis en 1908, kiu separis la klasigon de en 1983 de la al nordokcidenta (kanaana kaj aramea) kaj sudokcidenta (araba kaj etiopa). La kanaana subgrupo de Brockelmann inkludis la ugaritan, fenican kaj hebrean. Hodia\u016D iuj fakuloj separus la ugaritan al aparta bran\u0109o de nordokcidentaj \u015Demidaj lingvoj, apud la kanaana kaj aramea, kaj la etiopaj lingvoj estas vaste konsiderataj kiel parto de aparta, supra bran\u0109o de la \u015Demidaj lingvoj, la . La centra \u015Demida lingvaro estas proponita intermeza grupo, kiu konsistus de la nordokcidenta \u015Demida lingvaro kune kun kaj ties dialektoj, kaj eventuale anka\u016D la malnovsudaraba. Tio estus a\u016D subgrupo de la , a\u016D supra divido de \u015Demidaj lingvoj apud la orienta \u015Demida kaj suda \u015Demida lingvaroj. En la klasiga sistemo de , la nordokcidenta grupo ne ekzistas; la kanaana kaj araba estas grupita en \"sud-centra\" lingvaro, kaj kune kun la aramea, ili formas la centran \u015Demidan lingvaron."@eo . . . "Severoz\u00E1padn\u00ED semitsk\u00E9 jazyky jsou jednou ze t\u0159\u00ED podskupin semitsk\u00FDch jazyk\u016F. Jeliko\u017E vnit\u0159n\u00ED d\u011Blen\u00ED semitsk\u00FDch jazyk\u016F odpov\u00EDd\u00E1 i jejich geografick\u00E9mu roz\u0161\u00ED\u0159en\u00ED (alespo\u0148 ve starov\u011Bku), severoz\u00E1padn\u00ED skupina zahrnuje jazyky roz\u0161\u00ED\u0159en\u00E9 v oblasti S\u00FDrie a Kena\u00E1nu, tedy p\u0159ibli\u017En\u011B na \u00FAzem\u00ED dne\u0161n\u00EDch zem\u00ED S\u00FDrie, jihov\u00FDchodn\u00EDho Turecka, Izraele, Palestiny, Jord\u00E1nska a Libanonu. Severoz\u00E1padn\u00ED semitsk\u00E9 jazyky se d\u00E1le d\u011Bl\u00ED na dv\u011B v\u011Bt\u0161\u00ED skupiny, na aramejskou a kena\u00E1nskou."@cs . "\u5317\u897F\u30BB\u30E0\u8AF8\u8A9E"@ja . . . . "Le s\u00E9mitique du Nord-Ouest, aussi appel\u00E9 syro-palestinien en g\u00E9ographie dialectale est une division des langues s\u00E9mitiques comprenant les langues autochtones du Levant. Il aurait \u00E9merg\u00E9 du s\u00E9mitique commun au d\u00E9but de l'\u00C2ge du bronze. Il est d'abord attest\u00E9 par des noms propres identifi\u00E9s comme amorrites \u00E0 l'\u00C2ge du bronze moyen. Les textes coh\u00E9rents les plus anciens sont en ougaritique, datant de la fin de l'\u00C2ge du bronze, qui, au moment de l' effondrement de l'\u00C2ge du bronze, sont rejoints par l', et par l'\u00C2ge du fer par les langues canan\u00E9ennes (ph\u00E9nicien et h\u00E9breu)."@fr . "Northwest Semitic"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Rumpun bahasa Semit Barat Laut adalah suatu bahasa Semit yang meliputi bahasa-bahasa pribumi di wilayah Syam. Bahasa-bahasa itu muncul dari Common Semitic di Zaman Perunggu Dini. Pertama kali dibuktikan dengan nama-nama orang yang diidentifikasi sebagai orang Amori di Zaman Perunggu Tengah. Teks koheren tertua adalah dalam bahasa Ugarit, yang berasal dari Zaman Perunggu Akhir, yang pada saat berakhirnya Zaman Perunggu bergabung dengan bahasa Aram Kuno, dan menjelang Zaman Besi dengan bahasa-bahasa Kanaan (Fenisia dan Ibrani).Istilah ini diciptakan oleh Carl Brockelmann pada tahun 1908, yang memisahkan klasifikasi Fritz Hommel tahun 1883 terkait \"bahasa Semit Barat\" menjadi Barat Laut ( Kanaan dan Aram ) dan Barat Daya (Arab dan Abisinia)."@in . . . . . . . . .