"1767692"^^ . . "Pengaktifan neutron adalah proses di mana meng radioaktivitas dalam material, dan terjadi ketika inti atom menangkap , menjadi lebih berat dan memasuki . Inti tereksitasi tersebut segera meluruh dengan memancarkan sinar gama, atau partikel seperti partikel beta, partikel alfa, produk fisi, dan neutron (dalam fisi nuklir). Dengan demikian, proses penangkapan neutron, bahkan setelah peluruhan menengah, sering menghasilkan pembentukan yang tidak stabil. Inti radioaktif semacam itu dapat menunjukkan waktu paruh mulai dari sebagian kecil dari satu detik hingga beberapa tahun."@in . . . . "Activation neutronique"@fr . . . . . . . . . . "Neutronaktivering anv\u00E4nds f\u00F6r att med hj\u00E4lp av neutroner best\u00E4mma m\u00E4ngden av olika grund\u00E4mnen i ett prov."@sv . "A activa\u00E7\u00E3o neutr\u00F3nica \u00E9 o processo pelo qual radia\u00E7\u00E3o de neutr\u00F5es induz radioatividade em materiais, e ocorre quando n\u00FAcleos at\u00F3micos capturam neutr\u00F5es livres, tornando-se mais pesados e entrando em estados excitados. Os n\u00FAcleos excitados decaem, frequentemente, de imediato, emitindo part\u00EDculas como neutr\u00F5es, prot\u00F5es, ou part\u00EDculas alfa. A captura de neutr\u00F5es, mesmo ap\u00F3s um decaimento imediato, resulta frequentemente na forma\u00E7\u00E3o de produtos de activa\u00E7\u00E3o inst\u00E1veis. Tais n\u00FAcleos radiactivos podem exibir meias-vidas que variam entre frac\u00E7\u00F5es de segundo e v\u00E1rios anos."@pt . "Attivazione neutronica"@it . . . . . . "Neutronenactivering"@nl . "Aktywacja neutronowa \u2013 proces, w kt\u00F3rym promieniowanie neutronowe indukuje radioaktywno\u015B\u0107 w materia\u0142ach. Zachodzi, gdy j\u0105dra atomowe przechwytuj\u0105 swobodne neutrony, staj\u0105c si\u0119 ci\u0119\u017Cszymi i wzbudzonymi. Poch\u0142oni\u0119cie neutronu wi\u0105\u017Ce si\u0119 z natychmiastow\u0105 emisj\u0105 wysokoenergetycznego promieniowania gamma. J\u0105dro powsta\u0142e w wyniku wychwytu neutronu (a wi\u0119c posiadaj\u0105ce o jeden neutron wi\u0119cej ni\u017C j\u0105dro pierwotne) cz\u0119sto jest radioaktywne i ulega rozpadowi emituj\u0105c cz\u0105stki takie, jak elektrony (w wyniku rozpadu beta minus), neutrony, protony lub cz\u0105stki alfa. Takie j\u0105dra radioaktywne mog\u0105 charakteryzowa\u0107 si\u0119 czasem po\u0142owicznego rozpadu w zakresie od u\u0142amk\u00F3w sekundy a\u017C do wielu lat. Aktywacja neutronowa przeprowadzana jest w reaktorach atomowych lub wi\u0105zkach neutron\u00F3w (wyprowadzonych z reaktora lub te\u017C otrzymanych z tzw. generator\u00F3w). Aktywacja neutronowa jest wykorzystywana do wytwarzania izotop\u00F3w promieniotw\u00F3rczych, w tym kobaltu 60, jest tak\u017Ce wa\u017Cnym narz\u0119dziem analitycznym pozwalaj\u0105cym oznacza\u0107 sk\u0142ad pierwiastkowy materia\u0142\u00F3w z du\u017C\u0105 dok\u0142adno\u015Bci\u0105. Prowadzone s\u0105 badania nad przyspieszeniem rozk\u0142adu niekt\u00F3rych radioaktywnych izotop\u00F3w, zawartych w odpadach po przetwarzaniu wypracowanego paliwa j\u0105drowego (cykl paliwowy)."@pl . "Neutron activation is the process in which neutron radiation induces radioactivity in materials, and occurs when atomic nuclei capture free neutrons, becoming heavier and entering excited states. The excited nucleus decays immediately by emitting gamma rays, or particles such as beta particles, alpha particles, fission products, and neutrons (in nuclear fission). Thus, the process of neutron capture, even after any intermediate decay, often results in the formation of an unstable activation product. Such radioactive nuclei can exhibit half-lives ranging from small fractions of a second to many years."@en . "Pengaktifan neutron adalah proses di mana meng radioaktivitas dalam material, dan terjadi ketika inti atom menangkap , menjadi lebih berat dan memasuki . Inti tereksitasi tersebut segera meluruh dengan memancarkan sinar gama, atau partikel seperti partikel beta, partikel alfa, produk fisi, dan neutron (dalam fisi nuklir). Dengan demikian, proses penangkapan neutron, bahkan setelah peluruhan menengah, sering menghasilkan pembentukan yang tidak stabil. Inti radioaktif semacam itu dapat menunjukkan waktu paruh mulai dari sebagian kecil dari satu detik hingga beberapa tahun."@in . . . . "Neutron activation is the process in which neutron radiation induces radioactivity in materials, and occurs when atomic nuclei capture free neutrons, becoming heavier and entering excited states. The excited nucleus decays immediately by emitting gamma rays, or particles such as beta particles, alpha particles, fission products, and neutrons (in nuclear fission). Thus, the process of neutron capture, even after any intermediate decay, often results in the formation of an unstable activation product. Such radioactive nuclei can exhibit half-lives ranging from small fractions of a second to many years. Neutron activation is the only common way that a stable material can be induced into becoming intrinsically radioactive. All naturally occurring materials, including air, water, and soil, can be induced (activated) by neutron capture into some amount of radioactivity in varying degrees, as a result of the production of neutron-rich radioisotopes. Some atoms require more than one neutron to become unstable, which makes them harder to activate because the probability of a double or triple capture by a nucleus is below that of single capture. Water, for example, is made up of hydrogen and oxygen. Hydrogen requires a double capture to attain instability as tritium (hydrogen-3), while natural oxygen (oxygen-16) requires three captures to become unstable oxygen-19. Thus water is relatively difficult to activate, as compared to sodium chloride (NaCl), in which both the sodium and chlorine atoms become unstable with a single capture each. These facts were experienced first-hand at the Operation Crossroads atomic test series in 1946."@en . . "-1"^^ . . . "L\u2019activation neutronique est le processus par lequel un flux neutronique induit de la radioactivit\u00E9 dans les mat\u00E9riaux qu'il traverse (ph\u00E9nom\u00E8ne de radioactivation). Tout mat\u00E9riau travers\u00E9 par un flux de neutrons subit progressivement une transmutation par capture neutronique qui rend une partie de ses noyaux radioactifs, et la dur\u00E9e de vie de cette radioactivit\u00E9 impose g\u00E9n\u00E9ralement de le g\u00E9rer par la suite comme d\u00E9chet radioactif (le plus souvent comme d\u00E9chet de faible activit\u00E9). L'activation neutronique a \u00E9galement d'importantes applications pratiques. L'analyse par activation neutronique est l'une des m\u00E9thodes les plus sensibles d'analyse chimique, qui permet d'analyser la pr\u00E9sence de traces infimes de constituants ou d'impuret\u00E9s. En France l'usage de cette technique est interdite pour les produits alimentaires et de construction, sauf d\u00E9rogation (pour des cimenteries par exemple)."@fr . . . . . "17938"^^ . . . "Il processo di attivazione neutronica consiste nell'induzione secondaria di radioattivit\u00E0 in materiali sottoposti a un flusso di neutroni, e avviene quando i nuclei atomici catturano i neutroni liberi, diventando cos\u00EC pi\u00F9 pesanti e passando a uno stato eccitato. Il nucleo eccitato spesso decade immediatamente per l'emissione di particelle come neutroni, protoni, oppure particelle alfa. La cattura neutronica, anche dopo qualsiasi decadimento intermedio, spesso risulta nella formazione di un isotopo instabile. Questi nuclei radioattivi possono esibire tempi di dimezzamento che vanno da piccole frazioni di un secondo fino a molti anni. Un esempio di questo tipo di reazione nucleare avviene nella produzione dell'isotopo cobalto-60 all'interno di un reattore nucleare:"@it . . . . . "\u0627\u0644\u062A\u0646\u0634\u064A\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064A\u0648\u062A\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064A \u0623\u0648 \u062A\u0646\u0634\u064A\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064A\u0648\u062A\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u064A\u062D\u0631\u0651\u0636 (\u0623\u0648 \u064A\u062D\u062B\u0651) \u0641\u064A\u0647\u0627 \u062D\u062F\u0648\u062B \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639\u064A \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062F\u060C \u0648\u064A\u062D\u062F\u062B \u0639\u0646\u062F\u0645\u0627 \u062A\u0644\u062A\u0642\u0637 (\u0623\u0648 \u062A\u0635\u0637\u0627\u062F) \u0646\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u062A \u0646\u064A\u0648\u062A\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062A \u062D\u0631\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u062A\u0635\u0628\u062D \u0623\u062B\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u062A\u0635\u0628\u062D \u0641\u064A \u062D\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062B\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u062A\u0636\u0645\u062D\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0649 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062B\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062F\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u064A \u0628\u0625\u0635\u062F\u0627\u0631 (\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062B) \u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u063A\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062C\u0633\u064A\u0645\u0627\u062A \u062F\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0645\u062B\u0644 \u062C\u0633\u064A\u0645\u0627\u062A \u0628\u064A\u062A\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062C\u0633\u064A\u0645\u0627\u062A \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062A\u062C \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064A \u0648\u0646\u064A\u0648\u062A\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062A. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062A\u0627\u0644\u064A \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u064A\u0627\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064A\u0648\u062A\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062A \u062A\u0624\u062F\u064A \u0639\u0627\u062F\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062A\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062A\u062C \u0641\u064A \u062D\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0651\u0637\u0629\u060C \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u063A\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064B \u0645\u0627 \u064A\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0635\u064A\u0631\u0627\u064B."@ar . . . . . . . . "\u4E2D\u5B50\u6D3B\u5316\u6307\u5C07\u6A23\u54C1\u7528\u4E2D\u5B50\u7167\u5C04\u540E\uFF0C\u6A23\u54C1\u4E2D\u539F\u5B50\u7D93\u4E2D\u5B50\u4FD8\u7372\u800C\u8B8A\u5F97\u5177\u6709\u653E\u5C04\u6027\u7684\u904E\u7A0B\u3002\u4FD8\u7372\u4E2D\u5B50\u5F8C\u7684\u539F\u5B50\u6838\u901A\u5E38\u6703\u7ACB\u5373\u8870\u8B8A\uFF0C\u91CB\u653E\u51FA\u4E2D\u5B50\u3001\u8CEA\u5B50\u6216\u963F\u723E\u6CD5\u7C92\u5B50\u540C\u6642\u751F\u6210\u65B0\u7684\u6D3B\u5316\u7522\u7269\u3002\u9019\u4E9B\u6D3B\u5316\u7522\u7269\u534A\u8870\u671F\u6216\u9577\u6216\u77ED\uFF0C\u5F9E\u5E7E\u79D2\u9418\u5230\u5E7E\u5341\u5E74\u90FD\u6709\u53EF\u80FD\u3002\u6838\u7D20\u9237-60\u5C31\u662F\u901A\u904E\u4E2D\u5B50\u4FD8\u7372\u53CD\u61C9\u5728\u6838\u53CD\u61C9\u5806\u4E2D\u88FD\u5099 5927Co + n \u2192 6027Co \u9237-60\u91CB\u653E\u51FA\u96FB\u5B50\u548C\u4F3D\u99AC\u5C04\u7DAB\u8870\u8B8A\u6210\u93B3-60\uFF0C\u534A\u8870\u671F\u70BA5.27\u5E74\u3002\u56E0\u7232\u5176\u5929\u7136\u540C\u4F4D\u7D20\u9237-59\u4E30\u5EA6\u70BA100%\u4E14\u5BB9\u6613\u7372\u5F97\uFF0C\u56E0\u6B64\u9237-60\u6210\u7232\u4E00\u7A2E\u6613\u5F97\u3001\u6709\u6548\u7684\u653E\u5C04\u6E90\uFF0C\u5EE3\u6CDB\u7528\u65BC\u653E\u5C04\u6027\u6CBB\u7642\u3002 \u67D0\u4E9B\u6838\u7D20\u4FD8\u7372\u4E2D\u5B50\u540E\u6703\u767C\u751F\u6838\u88C2\u8B8A\u3002\u8F15\u5143\u7D20\u4E2D\uFF0C\u53EA\u6709\u9239-9\u80FD\u5438\u6536\u5FEB\u4E2D\u5B50\uFF0C\u767C\u751F\u9019\u6A23\u7684\u88C2\u8B8A\uFF1A 94Be + n \u2192 2(42He) + 2n + energy \u5728\u4E2D\u5B50\u901A\u91CF\u9AD8\u7684\u5730\u65B9\uFF0C\u6BD4\u5982\u5728\u6838\u53CD\u61C9\u5806\u4E2D\uFF0C\u4E2D\u5B50\u6D3B\u5316\u6703\u5F15\u8D77\u6750\u6599\u7684\u8150\u8755\u3002\u53CD\u61C9\u5806\u7684\u5185\u896F\u6750\u6599\u5FC5\u9808\u5B9A\u6642\u66F4\u63DB\uFF0C\u63DB\u4E0B\u4F86\u7684\u5185\u896F\u5FC5\u9808\u6309\u7167\u4F4E\u653E\u5C04\u6027\u5EE2\u7269\u8655\u7406\u3002\u67D0\u4E9B\u6750\u6599\u4E0D\u6613\u6D3B\u5316\uFF0C\u6240\u4EE5\u5408\u7406\u9078\u64C7\u5185\u896F\u6750\u6599\u53EF\u4EE5\u6E1B\u8F15\u8150\u8755\u554F\u984C\uFF0C\u964D\u4F4E\u6D29\u9732\u98A8\u96AA\u3002 \u67D0\u4E9B\u5143\u7D20\u6975\u96E3\u4EE5\u4E2D\u5B50\u6D3B\u5316\uFF0C\u56E0\u7232\u5B83\u5011\u4FD8\u7372\u4E2D\u5B50\u4E4B\u5F8C\u6703\u8B8A\u6210\u66F4\u91CD\u4F46\u7A69\u5B9A\u7684\u6838\u7D20\u3002\u9019\u985E\u5143\u7D20\u5305\u62EC\u6C2B\u3001\u6C26\u3001\u78B3\u3001\u6C2E\u3001\u6C27\u3001\u6C16\u3001\u7845\u3001\u9226\u3001\u927B\u3001\u9244\u548C\u9251\u3002\u9382\u3001\u6C2A\u548C\u6C34\u9280\u4FD8\u7372\u4E2D\u5B50\u4E4B\u5F8C\uFF0C\u8981\u9EBD\u751F\u6210\u9577\u58FD\u6838\u7D20\uFF0C\u8981\u9EBD\u53EA\u6709\u4F4E\u65BC10%\u7684\u539F\u5B50\u53D7\u5230\u6D3B\u5316\u3002\u8981\u6D3B\u5316\u9019\u4E9B\u5143\u7D20\uFF0C\u4E2D\u5B50\u901A\u91CF\u5FC5\u9808\u8DB3\u5920\u9AD8\u3002\u9019\u4E9B\u6027\u8CEA\u5177\u6709\u91CD\u8981\u7684\u5BE6\u7528\u610F\u7FA9\u3002\u6BD4\u5982\u84B8\u6C7D\u548C\u6C34\u53EA\u6709\u5728\u6EB6\u89E3\u4E86\u653E\u5C04\u6027\u6EB6\u8CEA\u6216\u8207\u653E\u5C04\u6027\u7269\u8CEA\u6DF7\u5408\u540E\u624D\u6703\u6709\u653E\u5C04\u6027\u3002\u56E0\u7232\u6C34\u5F88\u96E3\u6D3B\u5316\uFF0C\u53EA\u8981\u84B8\u993E\u4FBF\u53EF\u4EE5\u9664\u53BB\u653E\u5C04\u6027\u6C61\u67D3\u3002\u540C\u7406\uFF0C\u751F\u547D\u904E\u7A0B\u4E2D\u7684\u5927\u90E8\u5206\u5206\u5B50\u90FD\u5F88\u96E3\u88AB\u4E2D\u5B50\u6D3B\u5316\u3002\u7576\u7136\u9019\u4E26\u4E0D\u662F\u8AAA\u751F\u7269\u9AD4\u53EF\u4EE5\u62B5\u6297\u4E2D\u5B50\u8F3B\u5C04\u3002 \u4E2D\u5B50\u6D3B\u5316\u7684\u5BE6\u969B\u61C9\u7528\u662F\u4E2D\u5B50\u6D3B\u5316\u5206\u6790\uFF0C\u4E00\u7A2E\u9AD8\u9748\u654F\u5EA6\u7684\u75D5\u91CF\u5206\u6790\u65B9\u6CD5\u3002\u5982\u679C\u7528\u9AD8\u901A\u91CF\u4E2D\u5B50\u6D41\uFF08\u5982\u6838\u53CD\u61C9\u5806\u4E2D\uFF0C\u901A\u91CF\u7D04\u70BA1011~1014n.cm-2.sec-1\uFF09\u7D04\u53EF\u6AA2\u6E2C\u81F30.1 ppb\u7684\u6FC3\u5EA6\u3002\u52A0\u901F\u5668\u6240\u751F\u7684\u4F4E\u901A\u91CF\u5FEB\u4E2D\u5B50\u4E5F\u53EF\u6AA2\u6E2C\u7D041 ppm\u6FC3\u5EA6\u3002\u5BE6\u969B\u61C9\u7528\u4E2D\uFF0C\u6AA2\u6E2C\u9748\u654F\u5EA6\u61C9\u96A8\u5BE6\u9A57\u7684\u689D\u4EF6\u4EE5\u53CA\u88AB\u6E2C\u6838\u7D20\u800C\u6709\u6240\u4E0D\u540C\u3002\u4E2D\u5B50\u6D3B\u5316\u5206\u6790\u9084\u5F88\u5C11\u9700\u8981\u6216\u4E0D\u9700\u8981\u6A23\u54C1\u88FD\u5099\u74B0\u7BC0\uFF0C\u5C0D\u65BC\u8907\u96DC\u7269\u8CEA\u7684\u5206\u6790\u5F97\u5FC3\u61C9\u624B\u3002\u6700\u5F8C\uFF0C\u4E2D\u5B50\u6D3B\u5316\u5206\u6790\u662F\u4E00\u7A2E\u201C\u7121\u640D\u201D\u5206\u6790\u6CD5\uFF0C\u53EF\u4EE5\u505A\u8868\u9762\u548C\u5FAE\u5340\u5206\u6790\uFF0C\u56E0\u6B64\u53EF\u4EE5\u7528\u4F86\u5206\u6790\u53E4\u8463\u3001\u85DD\u8853\u54C1\u4EE5\u53CA\u6CD5\u91AB\u9451\u5B9A\u3002\u9019\u7A2E\u5206\u6790\u65B9\u6CD5\u662F1936\u5E74\u7531\u55AC\u6CBB\u2027\u5FB7\u2027\u6D77\u97CB\u897F\uFF08George Hevesy\uFF09\u548C\u5E0C\u723E\u5FB7\u2027\u674E\u7DAD\uFF08Hilde Levi\uFF09\u9996\u5275\u3002"@zh . . . . "Neutronenactivering is een techniek waarbij materie kunstmatig radioactief gemaakt wordt door blootstelling aan vrije neutronen. Wanneer materie wordt blootgesteld aan vrije neutronen kunnen veel atoomkernen neutronen invangen. Zij gaan dan over in een andere isotoop van hetzelfde element met een massagetal dat \u00E9\u00E9n eenheid hoger is. Vaak is dat een isotoop die niet stabiel is en zo wordt het materiaal dus radioactief. Omdat de halveringstijd van de radio-isotoop gemeten kan worden en karakteristiek is voor het element, wordt deze methode wel gebruikt om de elementaire samenstelling van een voorwerp te bepalen, zonder het voorwerp stuk te maken. De ge\u00EFnduceerde activiteit is in het algemeen vrij gering en ebt meestal vrij snel weg, er blijft dus geen gevaarlijk radioactief voorwerp over. Een toepassing is het activeren van oude schilderijen om te kunnen vaststellen welke pigmenten de schilder precies heeft gebruikt. Als er in het schilderij pigmenten voorkomen die tijdens het leven van de schilder nog niet werden gebruikt, moet het om een latere vervalsing gaan. Eveneens kan deze techniek op oude schilderijen worden toegepast om afbeeldingen te identificeren die onder de verf van het zichtbare schilderij verborgen ligt. Zo werd een verborgen Rembrandt gereconstrueerd dat onder \u201COude man in militair uniform\u201D geschilderd was."@nl . . . . . . . . . . . . . "L\u2019activation neutronique est le processus par lequel un flux neutronique induit de la radioactivit\u00E9 dans les mat\u00E9riaux qu'il traverse (ph\u00E9nom\u00E8ne de radioactivation). Tout mat\u00E9riau travers\u00E9 par un flux de neutrons subit progressivement une transmutation par capture neutronique qui rend une partie de ses noyaux radioactifs, et la dur\u00E9e de vie de cette radioactivit\u00E9 impose g\u00E9n\u00E9ralement de le g\u00E9rer par la suite comme d\u00E9chet radioactif (le plus souvent comme d\u00E9chet de faible activit\u00E9)."@fr . . . "Neutronaktivering"@sv . . . "Activa\u00E7\u00E3o neutr\u00F3nica"@pt . "Aktywacja neutronowa \u2013 proces, w kt\u00F3rym promieniowanie neutronowe indukuje radioaktywno\u015B\u0107 w materia\u0142ach. Zachodzi, gdy j\u0105dra atomowe przechwytuj\u0105 swobodne neutrony, staj\u0105c si\u0119 ci\u0119\u017Cszymi i wzbudzonymi. Poch\u0142oni\u0119cie neutronu wi\u0105\u017Ce si\u0119 z natychmiastow\u0105 emisj\u0105 wysokoenergetycznego promieniowania gamma. J\u0105dro powsta\u0142e w wyniku wychwytu neutronu (a wi\u0119c posiadaj\u0105ce o jeden neutron wi\u0119cej ni\u017C j\u0105dro pierwotne) cz\u0119sto jest radioaktywne i ulega rozpadowi emituj\u0105c cz\u0105stki takie, jak elektrony (w wyniku rozpadu beta minus), neutrony, protony lub cz\u0105stki alfa. Takie j\u0105dra radioaktywne mog\u0105 charakteryzowa\u0107 si\u0119 czasem po\u0142owicznego rozpadu w zakresie od u\u0142amk\u00F3w sekundy a\u017C do wielu lat."@pl . . . "Neutronenaktivierung ist ein Vorgang, bei dem Materialien durch Neutronenstrahlung radioaktiv werden. Die Kernreaktion, auf der die Aktivierung beruht, ist meist der Einfang eines thermischen Neutrons. Das dadurch entstehende n\u00E4chstschwerere Isotop des betreffenden Elements ist in vielen F\u00E4llen radioaktiv. Auch andere Kernreaktionen \u2013 meist durch schnelle Neutronen ausgel\u00F6st \u2013 k\u00F6nnen zu radioaktiven Produktkernen f\u00FChren. Durch die Halbwertszeit und das Energiespektrum ihrer Gammastrahlung (siehe Gammaspektroskopie) sind diese Radionuklide qualitativ und quantitativ gut bestimmbar. M\u00FCssen Bauteile, die hohem Neutronenfluss (z. B. in Kernspaltungs- und Fusionsreaktoren) ausgesetzt sind, wegen Strahlenschadens ausgetauscht werden, sind sie wegen der Neutronenaktivierung meist als radioaktiver Abfall zu behandeln. Bei der Materialauswahl f\u00FCr solche Bauteile ist es wichtig, den Einfangsquerschnitt, aber auch die Strahlungsart und Halbwertszeit des entstehenden Radionuklids zu beachten."@de . . . . . . "Neutron activation"@en . . . . "Il processo di attivazione neutronica consiste nell'induzione secondaria di radioattivit\u00E0 in materiali sottoposti a un flusso di neutroni, e avviene quando i nuclei atomici catturano i neutroni liberi, diventando cos\u00EC pi\u00F9 pesanti e passando a uno stato eccitato. Il nucleo eccitato spesso decade immediatamente per l'emissione di particelle come neutroni, protoni, oppure particelle alfa. La cattura neutronica, anche dopo qualsiasi decadimento intermedio, spesso risulta nella formazione di un isotopo instabile. Questi nuclei radioattivi possono esibire tempi di dimezzamento che vanno da piccole frazioni di un secondo fino a molti anni. Un esempio di questo tipo di reazione nucleare avviene nella produzione dell'isotopo cobalto-60 all'interno di un reattore nucleare: 5927Co + n \u21926027Co Il cobalto-60 decade per emissione di una particella \u03B2 accompagnata da raggi gamma, diventando nichel-60. Questa reazione avviene con un'emivita di circa 5,27 anni. Il fenomeno viene sfruttato come sorgente costante e affidabile di raggi gamma impiegati in medicina nucleare per la radioterapia con il cobalto-60. In altri casi, e dipendendo dall'energia cinetica dei neutroni, la cattura di un neutrone pu\u00F2 provocare la fissione nucleare (la suddivisione del nucleo atomico in due nuclei pi\u00F9 piccoli). Se la fissione richiede un apporto di energia, quella proviene dall'energia cinetica del neutrone. Un esempio di questo tipo di fissione verso elementi pi\u00F9 leggeri pu\u00F2 avvenire quando l'unico isotopo stabile del berillio, il berillio-9, viene bombardato con neutroni veloci e va incontro alle seguenti reazioni nucleari: 94Be + n \u2192 2(42He) + 2n + energia In altre parole, la cattura di un neutrone da parte del berillio-9 causa il suo splitting in due energetiche particelle alfa nucleari (di elio-4) e due neutroni liberi. Infatti qualsiasi reazione nucleare che produca berillio-8 causa l'immediato frazionamento (\"splitting\") in due nuclei di elio-4 dal momento che il nucleo di berillio-8 \u00E8 estremamente instabile. In qualsiasi luogo con elevato flusso neutronico, come ad esempio all'interno dei core dei reattori nucleari, l'attivazione neutronica contribuisce all'erosione dei materiali, e i materiali stessi che costituiscono il reattore nei tempi lunghi divengono scorie radioattive di basso livello che devono essere scaricate con modalit\u00E0 particolari in luoghi appositi. Alcuni materiali sono pi\u00F9 soggetti ad attivazione neutronica rispetto ad altri, dunque un adeguato materiale a bassa-attivazione pu\u00F2 ridurre significativamente questi problemi. Un modo di dimostrare che davvero avviene la fusione nucleare all'interno di un fusore nucleare \u00E8 quello di adoperare un contatore Geiger per misurare la radioattivit\u00E0 prodotta in un sottile foglio di alluminio. La radiazione risultante da un'esplosione nucleare \u00E8 in parte dovuta all'attivazione neutronica che sperimentano i materiali stessi della bomba e il materiale circostante, in aggiunta ai prodotti di fissione. Per questa ragione l'esplosione di una bomba termonucleare al suolo, con la conseguente attivazione del terreno, \u00E8 molto pi\u00F9 \"sporca\" rispetto all'esplosione \"standard\" di una bomba a fusione a 5\u201310 km di quota."@it . "Neutronenactivering is een techniek waarbij materie kunstmatig radioactief gemaakt wordt door blootstelling aan vrije neutronen. Wanneer materie wordt blootgesteld aan vrije neutronen kunnen veel atoomkernen neutronen invangen. Zij gaan dan over in een andere isotoop van hetzelfde element met een massagetal dat \u00E9\u00E9n eenheid hoger is. Vaak is dat een isotoop die niet stabiel is en zo wordt het materiaal dus radioactief. Omdat de halveringstijd van de radio-isotoop gemeten kan worden en karakteristiek is voor het element, wordt deze methode wel gebruikt om de elementaire samenstelling van een voorwerp te bepalen, zonder het voorwerp stuk te maken. De ge\u00EFnduceerde activiteit is in het algemeen vrij gering en ebt meestal vrij snel weg, er blijft dus geen gevaarlijk radioactief voorwerp over."@nl . . . . "Pengaktifan neutron"@in . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0627\u0644\u062A\u0646\u0634\u064A\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064A\u0648\u062A\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064A \u0623\u0648 \u062A\u0646\u0634\u064A\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064A\u0648\u062A\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u064A\u062D\u0631\u0651\u0636 (\u0623\u0648 \u064A\u062D\u062B\u0651) \u0641\u064A\u0647\u0627 \u062D\u062F\u0648\u062B \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639\u064A \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062F\u060C \u0648\u064A\u062D\u062F\u062B \u0639\u0646\u062F\u0645\u0627 \u062A\u0644\u062A\u0642\u0637 (\u0623\u0648 \u062A\u0635\u0637\u0627\u062F) \u0646\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u062A \u0646\u064A\u0648\u062A\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062A \u062D\u0631\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u062A\u0635\u0628\u062D \u0623\u062B\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u062A\u0635\u0628\u062D \u0641\u064A \u062D\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062B\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u062A\u0636\u0645\u062D\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0649 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062B\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062F\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u064A \u0628\u0625\u0635\u062F\u0627\u0631 (\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062B) \u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u063A\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062C\u0633\u064A\u0645\u0627\u062A \u062F\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0645\u062B\u0644 \u062C\u0633\u064A\u0645\u0627\u062A \u0628\u064A\u062A\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062C\u0633\u064A\u0645\u0627\u062A \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062A\u062C \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064A \u0648\u0646\u064A\u0648\u062A\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062A. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062A\u0627\u0644\u064A \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u064A\u0627\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064A\u0648\u062A\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062A \u062A\u0624\u062F\u064A \u0639\u0627\u062F\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062A\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062A\u062C \u0641\u064A \u062D\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0651\u0637\u0629\u060C \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u063A\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064B \u0645\u0627 \u064A\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0635\u064A\u0631\u0627\u064B. \u064A\u0645\u062B\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0646\u0634\u064A\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064A\u0648\u062A\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064A\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u062A\u062A\u062D\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064A\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u062F\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062A\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062A\u062D\u0631\u0651\u0636 \u0644\u062A\u0635\u0628\u062D \u0645\u0627\u062F\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0639\u0629\u060C \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062F\u0623 \u064A\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064A\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062E\u062A\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062F \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064A\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062B\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062A\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u063A\u064A\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060C \u0648\u062A\u062A\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062A \u062F\u0631\u062C\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639 \u062D\u0633\u0628 \u0637\u0628\u064A\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062F\u0629 \u0648\u062F\u0631\u062C\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639. \u0641\u062C\u0632\u064A\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064A\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062B\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0631\u062A\u064A \u0647\u064A\u062F\u0631\u0648\u062C\u064A\u0646 \u0648\u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u062C\u064A\u0646\u060C \u062A\u062D\u062A\u0627\u062C \u0641\u064A\u0647 \u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064A\u062F\u0631\u0648\u062C\u064A\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u064A\u0627\u062F \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u064A\u0648\u062A\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062A\u062A\u062D\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062A\u064A\u0648\u0645 (\u0647\u064A\u062F\u0631\u0648\u062C\u064A\u0646-1) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0631\u064A\u062A\u064A\u0648\u0645 (\u0647\u064A\u062F\u0631\u0648\u062C\u064A\u0646-3)\u061B \u0641\u064A \u062D\u064A\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062C\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064A\u0639\u064A (\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062C\u064A\u0646-16) \u064A\u062D\u062A\u0627\u062C \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062B\u0644\u0627\u062B \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0635\u0637\u064A\u0627\u062F \u0646\u064A\u0648\u062A\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0644\u064A\u0635\u0628\u062D \u0646\u0638\u064A\u0631\u0627\u064B \u063A\u064A\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062A\u0642\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u062C\u064A\u0646-19. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062A\u0627\u0644\u064A \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0627\u062F\u0629 \u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0646\u0634\u064A\u0637 \u0646\u064A\u0648\u062A\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064A\u0627\u064B\u060C \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u062B\u0644\u0627\u064B \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064A\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062F\u064A\u0648\u0645 (NaCl) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A \u062A\u062A\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u064A\u0647 \u0630\u0631\u062A\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062F\u064A\u0648\u0645 \u062D\u062F\u0648\u062B \u0627\u0635\u0637\u064A\u0627\u062F \u0646\u064A\u0648\u062A\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064A \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062D\u062F\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644\u064A\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0644\u064A\u0635\u0628\u062D \u0645\u0627\u062F\u0629 \u063A\u064A\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062A\u0642\u0631\u0629."@ar . . "\u062A\u0646\u0634\u064A\u0637 \u0646\u064A\u0648\u062A\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064A"@ar . . "Neutronenaktivierung"@de . . . . "electron"@en . . . "-"@en . . . . . . . "A activa\u00E7\u00E3o neutr\u00F3nica \u00E9 o processo pelo qual radia\u00E7\u00E3o de neutr\u00F5es induz radioatividade em materiais, e ocorre quando n\u00FAcleos at\u00F3micos capturam neutr\u00F5es livres, tornando-se mais pesados e entrando em estados excitados. Os n\u00FAcleos excitados decaem, frequentemente, de imediato, emitindo part\u00EDculas como neutr\u00F5es, prot\u00F5es, ou part\u00EDculas alfa. A captura de neutr\u00F5es, mesmo ap\u00F3s um decaimento imediato, resulta frequentemente na forma\u00E7\u00E3o de produtos de activa\u00E7\u00E3o inst\u00E1veis. Tais n\u00FAcleos radiactivos podem exibir meias-vidas que variam entre frac\u00E7\u00F5es de segundo e v\u00E1rios anos."@pt . . . . . . . . . "Neutronaktivering anv\u00E4nds f\u00F6r att med hj\u00E4lp av neutroner best\u00E4mma m\u00E4ngden av olika grund\u00E4mnen i ett prov."@sv . . "Neutronenaktivierung ist ein Vorgang, bei dem Materialien durch Neutronenstrahlung radioaktiv werden. Die Kernreaktion, auf der die Aktivierung beruht, ist meist der Einfang eines thermischen Neutrons. Das dadurch entstehende n\u00E4chstschwerere Isotop des betreffenden Elements ist in vielen F\u00E4llen radioaktiv. Auch andere Kernreaktionen \u2013 meist durch schnelle Neutronen ausgel\u00F6st \u2013 k\u00F6nnen zu radioaktiven Produktkernen f\u00FChren. Durch die Halbwertszeit und das Energiespektrum ihrer Gammastrahlung (siehe Gammaspektroskopie) sind diese Radionuklide qualitativ und quantitativ gut bestimmbar."@de . . . . "0"^^ . . "\u4E2D\u5B50\u6D3B\u5316\u6307\u5C07\u6A23\u54C1\u7528\u4E2D\u5B50\u7167\u5C04\u540E\uFF0C\u6A23\u54C1\u4E2D\u539F\u5B50\u7D93\u4E2D\u5B50\u4FD8\u7372\u800C\u8B8A\u5F97\u5177\u6709\u653E\u5C04\u6027\u7684\u904E\u7A0B\u3002\u4FD8\u7372\u4E2D\u5B50\u5F8C\u7684\u539F\u5B50\u6838\u901A\u5E38\u6703\u7ACB\u5373\u8870\u8B8A\uFF0C\u91CB\u653E\u51FA\u4E2D\u5B50\u3001\u8CEA\u5B50\u6216\u963F\u723E\u6CD5\u7C92\u5B50\u540C\u6642\u751F\u6210\u65B0\u7684\u6D3B\u5316\u7522\u7269\u3002\u9019\u4E9B\u6D3B\u5316\u7522\u7269\u534A\u8870\u671F\u6216\u9577\u6216\u77ED\uFF0C\u5F9E\u5E7E\u79D2\u9418\u5230\u5E7E\u5341\u5E74\u90FD\u6709\u53EF\u80FD\u3002\u6838\u7D20\u9237-60\u5C31\u662F\u901A\u904E\u4E2D\u5B50\u4FD8\u7372\u53CD\u61C9\u5728\u6838\u53CD\u61C9\u5806\u4E2D\u88FD\u5099 5927Co + n \u2192 6027Co \u9237-60\u91CB\u653E\u51FA\u96FB\u5B50\u548C\u4F3D\u99AC\u5C04\u7DAB\u8870\u8B8A\u6210\u93B3-60\uFF0C\u534A\u8870\u671F\u70BA5.27\u5E74\u3002\u56E0\u7232\u5176\u5929\u7136\u540C\u4F4D\u7D20\u9237-59\u4E30\u5EA6\u70BA100%\u4E14\u5BB9\u6613\u7372\u5F97\uFF0C\u56E0\u6B64\u9237-60\u6210\u7232\u4E00\u7A2E\u6613\u5F97\u3001\u6709\u6548\u7684\u653E\u5C04\u6E90\uFF0C\u5EE3\u6CDB\u7528\u65BC\u653E\u5C04\u6027\u6CBB\u7642\u3002 \u67D0\u4E9B\u6838\u7D20\u4FD8\u7372\u4E2D\u5B50\u540E\u6703\u767C\u751F\u6838\u88C2\u8B8A\u3002\u8F15\u5143\u7D20\u4E2D\uFF0C\u53EA\u6709\u9239-9\u80FD\u5438\u6536\u5FEB\u4E2D\u5B50\uFF0C\u767C\u751F\u9019\u6A23\u7684\u88C2\u8B8A\uFF1A 94Be + n \u2192 2(42He) + 2n + energy \u5728\u4E2D\u5B50\u901A\u91CF\u9AD8\u7684\u5730\u65B9\uFF0C\u6BD4\u5982\u5728\u6838\u53CD\u61C9\u5806\u4E2D\uFF0C\u4E2D\u5B50\u6D3B\u5316\u6703\u5F15\u8D77\u6750\u6599\u7684\u8150\u8755\u3002\u53CD\u61C9\u5806\u7684\u5185\u896F\u6750\u6599\u5FC5\u9808\u5B9A\u6642\u66F4\u63DB\uFF0C\u63DB\u4E0B\u4F86\u7684\u5185\u896F\u5FC5\u9808\u6309\u7167\u4F4E\u653E\u5C04\u6027\u5EE2\u7269\u8655\u7406\u3002\u67D0\u4E9B\u6750\u6599\u4E0D\u6613\u6D3B\u5316\uFF0C\u6240\u4EE5\u5408\u7406\u9078\u64C7\u5185\u896F\u6750\u6599\u53EF\u4EE5\u6E1B\u8F15\u8150\u8755\u554F\u984C\uFF0C\u964D\u4F4E\u6D29\u9732\u98A8\u96AA\u3002"@zh . . . . . . . . . "1105691725"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . "\u4E2D\u5B50\u6D3B\u5316"@zh . "Aktywacja neutronowa"@pl . . . . . . . . . . . . . .