"Monster Study"@it . . "\u062A\u062C\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062D\u0634"@ar . "Il Monster Study fu un esperimento sulla balbuzie, effettuato su 22 bambini orfani a Davenport (USA) nel 1939. Fu condotto dal dottor , uno dei pi\u00F9 famosi psicologi americani, specialista in patologie del linguaggio, presso la Universit\u00E0 dell'Iowa."@it . . . . . "\u0427\u0443\u0434\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0449\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u044D\u043A\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0442 (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. Monster study) \u2014 \u044D\u043A\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043B\u0435\u0434\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u043B\u0438\u044F\u043D\u0438\u044F \u043E\u0446\u0435\u043D\u043E\u0447\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0441\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u043D\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0433\u043B\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438 \u0443 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0439, \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u0432 \u0423\u043D\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0410\u0439\u043E\u0432\u044B (\u0421\u0428\u0410) \u0432 1939 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0443. \u0411\u044B\u043B\u043E \u0432\u044B\u043F\u043E\u043B\u043D\u0435\u043D\u043E \u041C\u044D\u0440\u0438 \u0422\u044E\u0434\u043E\u0440 \u043F\u043E\u0434 \u0440\u0443\u043A\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u043C \u0438 \u043F\u0440\u0438 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0438 \u0421. \u041E\u0431\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0430\u043D\u043D\u0430. \u0414\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u044D\u043A\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0442 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043E\u0431\u0440\u0435\u043B \u043F\u043E\u043F\u0443\u043B\u044F\u0440\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0438 \u0441\u0432\u043E\u0435 \u043D\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u044F\u0437\u0438 \u0441 \u0442\u0435\u043C, \u0447\u0442\u043E \u0443 \u0437\u0434\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0432\u044B\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0439-\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043D\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0432 \u043D\u0430\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E \u0431\u044B\u043B\u0438 \u0432\u044B\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043E\u0442\u0430\u043D\u044B \u043D\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438, \u0441\u043E\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0435\u0441\u044F \u0443 \u043D\u0438\u0445 \u043F\u043E\u0441\u043B\u0435 \u043E\u043A\u043E\u043D\u0447\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043B\u0435\u0434\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F."@ru . . . . . . "The Monster Study was a stuttering experiment performed on 22 orphan children in Davenport, Iowa in 1939. It was conducted by Wendell Johnson at the University of Iowa. Graduate student Mary Tudor conducted the experiment under Johnson's supervision. Half of the children received positive speech therapy, praising the fluency of their speech, and the other half, negative speech therapy, belittling the children for speech imperfections. Many of the normal speaking orphan children who received negative therapy in the experiment suffered negative psychological effects, and some retained speech problems for the rest of their lives. It was dubbed the \"Monster Study\" as some of Johnson's peers were horrified that he would experiment on orphan children to confirm a hypothesis. The experiment was kept hidden for fear Johnson's reputation would be tarnished in the wake of human experiments conducted by the Nazis during World War II. Because the results of the study were never published in any peer-reviewed journal, Tudor's thesis is the only official record of the details of the experiment. The University of Iowa publicly apologized for the Monster Study in 2001. However, Paticia Zebrowski, University of Iowa assistant professor of speech pathology and audiology notes that the data that resulted from the experiment is the \"largest collection of scientific information\" on the phenomenon of stuttering and that Johnson's work was the first to discuss the importance of the stutterer's thoughts, attitudes, beliefs, and feelings and continues to influence views on stuttering greatly."@en . "\u062A\u062C\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062D\u0634 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062C\u0644\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0629: Monster Study)\u200F \u0647\u064A \u062A\u062C\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0648\u064A\u0646\u062F\u064A\u0644 \u062C\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064A \u062A\u0648\u062F\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 22 \u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0641\u064A \u0639\u0627\u0645 1939 \u0641\u064A \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064A\u062A\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0646\u0648\u062F \u0641\u064A \u062F\u0627\u0641\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0631\u062A\u060C \u0623\u064A\u0648\u0627. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064A \u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u062F\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064A\u064A\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062E\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064A\u0629\u060C \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062A\u064F\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0646\u062A\u0627\u0626\u062C\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u062C\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064A\u0638\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u062C\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u062A\u064F\u0633\u062A\u063A\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0632\u064A\u064A\u0646 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064A\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062F\u0629 \u062A\u062C\u0627\u0631\u0628."@ar . . . . . "Monster study"@pt . . . "Monster Study es el nombre dado a un experimento sobre el tartamudeo realizado en 22 ni\u00F1os hu\u00E9rfanos, de entre 5 y 15 a\u00F1os de edad, en Davenport, Iowa (EE.UU.) en 1939.\u200B"@es . . . . "15378"^^ . . . . . . . "12817220"^^ . . "Monster Study"@es . . . . . "\u0427\u0443\u0434\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0449\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u044D\u043A\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0442"@ru . . "Monster Study"@fr . . . . . . . . . . . "Monster study foi um controverso estudo sobre gagueira realizado pelo fonoaudi\u00F3logo estadunidense em 1939. O estudo foi considerado t\u00E3o perturbador que recebeu esse nome, que em portugu\u00EAs quer dizer Estudo Monstro. Muitos cientistas o veem at\u00E9 hoje como um dos estudos mais anti\u00E9ticos e vergonhosos da hist\u00F3ria da ci\u00EAncia. \u00C0 \u00E9poca, 22 \u00F3rf\u00E3os no Estado americano de Iowa foram divididos em dois grupos, onde receberam diferentes formas da terapia \u2013 positiva e negativa. Enquanto metade delas foi incentivada e parabenizada pela sua flu\u00EAncia ao falar, a outra metade foi humilhada por qualquer erro que cometesse na fala. Algumas das crian\u00E7as que receberam o tratamento negativo tornaram-se relutantes em falar, mas nenhuma delas chegou a apresentar gagueira verdadeira como consequ\u00EAncia do experimento. No julgamento do caso em 2007, algumas v\u00EDtimas alegaram no tribunal que ficaram com sequelas psicol\u00F3gicas que duraram a vida inteira, mas n\u00E3o foi poss\u00EDvel determinar se as alega\u00E7\u00F5es tinham fundamento ou se constitu\u00EDam apenas uma estrat\u00E9gia da acusa\u00E7\u00E3o para embasar a demanda por indeniza\u00E7\u00F5es. O experimento permaneceu no ostracismo at\u00E9 2001, quando um jornal californiano, o San Jose Mercury News, publicou reportagem investigativa sobre a pesquisa e seus m\u00E9todos. Foi s\u00F3 a\u00ED que os participantes descobriram o verdadeiro prop\u00F3sito da experi\u00EAncia a que foram submetidos. O jornal baseou sua reportagem nas declara\u00E7\u00F5es feitas por Mary Tudor, a mestranda que concordou em testar a teoria de seu professor, Wendell Johnson. Em 2002, foi publicada na revista cient\u00EDfica \u201CAmerican Journal of Speech-Language Pathology\u201D uma abrangente an\u00E1lise do caso pelos fonoaudi\u00F3logos Nicoline Ambrose e Ehud Yairi. Nesta an\u00E1lise, eles avaliaram retrospectivamente os dados do \u201CEstudo Monstro\u201D, explicaram o desenrolar da pesquisa e detalharam o conjunto de omiss\u00F5es e equ\u00EDvocos que prolongaram por tanto tempo a sobrevida da teoria diagnosog\u00EAnica de Wendell Johnson (segundo a qual os pais seriam a causa da gagueira), dando-lhe o inapropriado status de explica\u00E7\u00E3o plaus\u00EDvel para a origem do dist\u00FArbio, apesar de sua invalida\u00E7\u00E3o experimental. At\u00E9 ent\u00E3o, o \u00FAnico registro oficial dos detalhes do experimento estava na tese da aluna de Johnson, Mary Tudor, que acompanhou o experimento. Johnson morreu em 1965, ainda com a reputa\u00E7\u00E3o inabalada. Tudor morreu em 2006. O orfanato em que o experimento foi realizado, o Soldiers and Sailors Orphans' Home (em Davenport, Iowa, EUA), fechou as portas em 1975. Um pedido oficial de desculpas foi feito em 2001 pela Universidade de Iowa, institui\u00E7\u00E3o acad\u00EAmica \u00E0 qual Johnson e Tudor eram filiados \u00E0 \u00E9poca pesquisa, mas isso n\u00E3o impediu que as v\u00EDtimas processassem o estado e a universidade em 2003. A decis\u00E3o final da justi\u00E7a sobre o caso saiu em 2007 e determinou o pagamento de uma indeniza\u00E7\u00E3o conjunta de 900 mil d\u00F3lares a cinco pleiteantes: Hazel Dornbush, Kathryn Meacham e os herdeiros legais de Betty Romp, Clarence Fifer e Phillip Spieker. Para a sexta pleiteante, Mary Nixon, o estado pagou uma indeniza\u00E7\u00E3o menor, de 25 mil d\u00F3lares."@pt . "The Monster Study was a stuttering experiment performed on 22 orphan children in Davenport, Iowa in 1939. It was conducted by Wendell Johnson at the University of Iowa. Graduate student Mary Tudor conducted the experiment under Johnson's supervision. Half of the children received positive speech therapy, praising the fluency of their speech, and the other half, negative speech therapy, belittling the children for speech imperfections. Many of the normal speaking orphan children who received negative therapy in the experiment suffered negative psychological effects, and some retained speech problems for the rest of their lives."@en . . . "Monster study foi um controverso estudo sobre gagueira realizado pelo fonoaudi\u00F3logo estadunidense em 1939. O estudo foi considerado t\u00E3o perturbador que recebeu esse nome, que em portugu\u00EAs quer dizer Estudo Monstro. Muitos cientistas o veem at\u00E9 hoje como um dos estudos mais anti\u00E9ticos e vergonhosos da hist\u00F3ria da ci\u00EAncia."@pt . . . . . . . "La Monster Study est le surnom donn\u00E9e \u00E0 une \u00E9tude sur le b\u00E9gaiement r\u00E9alis\u00E9e sur vingt-deux enfants orphelins \u00E0 Davenport, dans l'Iowa, en 1939. Elle est men\u00E9e par (en) \u00E0 l'universit\u00E9 de l'Iowa. L'\u00E9tudiante dipl\u00F4m\u00E9e Mary Tudor m\u00E8ne l'exp\u00E9rience sous la supervision de Johnson. L'\u00E9tude consiste \u00E0 comparer deux groupes d'enfants orphelins. La moiti\u00E9 des enfants re\u00E7oivent une orthophonie \u00AB positive \u00BB, louant la fluidit\u00E9 de leur discours, et l'autre moiti\u00E9, une orthophonie \u00AB n\u00E9gative \u00BB, rabaissant les enfants pour des imperfections. Beaucoup d'enfants orphelins parlant normalement qui re\u00E7oivent une th\u00E9rapie n\u00E9gative subissent des effets psychologiques n\u00E9gatifs, et certains conservent des probl\u00E8mes d'\u00E9locution le reste de leur vie : les scientifiques ayant induit des difficult\u00E9s sur des enfants sans handicap. Elle est surnomm\u00E9e Monster Study car certains des pairs de Johnson sont horrifi\u00E9s \u00E0 l'id\u00E9e qu'il exp\u00E9rimente sur des enfants orphelins pour confirmer une hypoth\u00E8se. L'exp\u00E9rience est m\u00EAme cach\u00E9e de peur que la r\u00E9putation de Johnson ne soit ternie dans une p\u00E9riode o\u00F9 le public est choqu\u00E9 par l'exp\u00E9rimentation m\u00E9dicale nazie pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale et la question de l'\u00E9thique scientifique. Comme les r\u00E9sultats de l'\u00E9tude n'ont jamais \u00E9t\u00E9 publi\u00E9s dans une revue \u00E0 comit\u00E9 de lecture, la th\u00E8se de Tudor est le seul document officiel r\u00E9v\u00E9lant des d\u00E9tails de l'exp\u00E9rience. L'universit\u00E9 de l'Iowa s'est publiquement excus\u00E9e pour l'\u00E9tude en 2001. Cependant, Patricia Zebrowski, professeure adjointe d'orthophonie et d'audiologie \u00E0 l'universit\u00E9 de l'Iowa, note que les donn\u00E9es issues de l'\u00E9tude constituent la \u00AB plus grande collection d'informations scientifiques \u00BB sur le ph\u00E9nom\u00E8ne de b\u00E9gaiement et que le travail de Johnson est le premier \u00E0 discuter de l'importance des pens\u00E9es, des attitudes, des croyances et des sentiments du b\u00E8gue[r\u00E9f. souhait\u00E9e]."@fr . . . . . . . "1111942939"^^ . "Il Monster Study fu un esperimento sulla balbuzie, effettuato su 22 bambini orfani a Davenport (USA) nel 1939. Fu condotto dal dottor , uno dei pi\u00F9 famosi psicologi americani, specialista in patologie del linguaggio, presso la Universit\u00E0 dell'Iowa. A grandi linee lo studio era cos\u00EC congegnato: Johnson scelse uno dei suoi studenti, Mary Tudor, per condurre l'esperimento e supervision\u00F2 la sua ricerca. Dopo aver messo i bambini nei gruppi di controllo ed in quello sperimentale, Mary Tudor somministr\u00F2 una terapia del linguaggio con suggestioni positive a met\u00E0 dei bambini, lodando la fluenza del loro linguaggio, ed una terapia del linguaggio con suggestioni negative all'altra met\u00E0, sminuendo i bambini per ogni imperfezione e dicendo loro che erano balbuzienti. Molti dei bambini che ricevettero la terapia negativa soffrirono per gli effetti psicologici negativi, ed alcuni ebbero problemi di linguaggio per il resto della loro vita. Il nomignolo Monster Study fu assegnato da alcuni colleghi di Johnson, che erano rimasti sconvolti dal fatto che sperimentasse su bambini orfani per sottoporre a verifica una teoria sulla genesi delle balbuzie. L'esperimento fu tenuto nascosto per paura che la reputazione di Johnson potesse essere offuscata sulla scia degli condotti dai nazisti durante la seconda guerra mondiale. Successivamente l'Universit\u00E0 si scus\u00F2 pubblicamente per il Monster Study nel 2001."@it . "\u0427\u0443\u0434\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0449\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u044D\u043A\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0442 (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. Monster study) \u2014 \u044D\u043A\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043B\u0435\u0434\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u043B\u0438\u044F\u043D\u0438\u044F \u043E\u0446\u0435\u043D\u043E\u0447\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0441\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u043D\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0433\u043B\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438 \u0443 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0439, \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u0432 \u0423\u043D\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0410\u0439\u043E\u0432\u044B (\u0421\u0428\u0410) \u0432 1939 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0443. \u0411\u044B\u043B\u043E \u0432\u044B\u043F\u043E\u043B\u043D\u0435\u043D\u043E \u041C\u044D\u0440\u0438 \u0422\u044E\u0434\u043E\u0440 \u043F\u043E\u0434 \u0440\u0443\u043A\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u043C \u0438 \u043F\u0440\u0438 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0438 \u0421. \u041E\u0431\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0430\u043D\u043D\u0430. \u0414\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u044D\u043A\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0442 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043E\u0431\u0440\u0435\u043B \u043F\u043E\u043F\u0443\u043B\u044F\u0440\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0438 \u0441\u0432\u043E\u0435 \u043D\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u044F\u0437\u0438 \u0441 \u0442\u0435\u043C, \u0447\u0442\u043E \u0443 \u0437\u0434\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0432\u044B\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0439-\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043D\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0432 \u043D\u0430\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E \u0431\u044B\u043B\u0438 \u0432\u044B\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043E\u0442\u0430\u043D\u044B \u043D\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438, \u0441\u043E\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0435\u0441\u044F \u0443 \u043D\u0438\u0445 \u043F\u043E\u0441\u043B\u0435 \u043E\u043A\u043E\u043D\u0447\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043B\u0435\u0434\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F."@ru . . . . . . "\u062A\u062C\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062D\u0634 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062C\u0644\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0629: Monster Study)\u200F \u0647\u064A \u062A\u062C\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0648\u064A\u0646\u062F\u064A\u0644 \u062C\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064A \u062A\u0648\u062F\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 22 \u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0641\u064A \u0639\u0627\u0645 1939 \u0641\u064A \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064A\u062A\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0646\u0648\u062F \u0641\u064A \u062F\u0627\u0641\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0631\u062A\u060C \u0623\u064A\u0648\u0627. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064A \u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u062F\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064A\u064A\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062E\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064A\u0629\u060C \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062A\u064F\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0646\u062A\u0627\u0626\u062C\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u062C\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064A\u0638\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u062C\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u062A\u064F\u0633\u062A\u063A\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0632\u064A\u064A\u0646 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064A\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062F\u0629 \u062A\u062C\u0627\u0631\u0628."@ar . "Monster Study es el nombre dado a un experimento sobre el tartamudeo realizado en 22 ni\u00F1os hu\u00E9rfanos, de entre 5 y 15 a\u00F1os de edad, en Davenport, Iowa (EE.UU.) en 1939.\u200B"@es . . . "Monster Study"@en . . . . . "La Monster Study est le surnom donn\u00E9e \u00E0 une \u00E9tude sur le b\u00E9gaiement r\u00E9alis\u00E9e sur vingt-deux enfants orphelins \u00E0 Davenport, dans l'Iowa, en 1939. Elle est men\u00E9e par (en) \u00E0 l'universit\u00E9 de l'Iowa. L'\u00E9tudiante dipl\u00F4m\u00E9e Mary Tudor m\u00E8ne l'exp\u00E9rience sous la supervision de Johnson."@fr . . . . . . .