. . . . . . . . . . . . . . "279624"^^ . . . . . . "\u78C1\u901A\u91CF\u91CF\u5B50\uFF08Magnetic flux quantum\uFF09\u662F\u6307\u78C1\u901A\u91CF\u7684\u6700\u5C0F\u55AE\u4F4D\uFF0C\u901A\u5E38\u4EE5\u70BA\u7B26\u865F\uFF0C\u5176\u503C\u7B49\u65BC(\u7D04\u70BA2.067 833 758\u00D710\u221215 Wb)\uFF0C\u662F\u7269\u7406\u5E38\u6578\u3002 \u8207\u78C1\u901A\u91CF\u91CF\u5B50\u76F8\u95DC\u6216\u662F\u540C\u7FA9\u7684\u55AE\u5B57\u5305\u62EC\uFF1A\u300Cflux quanta\u300D\u3001\u300Cfluxoid\u300D\u3001\u300Cfluxon\u300D\u3002"@zh . . "\u041A\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043D\u0442 \u043C\u0430\u0433\u043D\u0456\u0301\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0301\u043A\u0443 \u043E\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0430 \u043F\u043E\u0440\u0446\u0456\u044F \u043C\u0430\u0433\u043D\u0456\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u043E\u0442\u043E\u043A\u0443, \u044F\u043A\u0430 \u043C\u043E\u0436\u0435 \u0456\u0441\u043D\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0456 \u043D\u0430\u0434\u043F\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043D\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0437\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043A\u0430 \u0437 \u0442\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0457\u0434\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u044E \u0442\u043E\u043F\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0456\u0454\u044E. \u041A\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0442 \u043C\u0430\u0433\u043D\u0456\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u043E\u0442\u043E\u043A\u0443 \u0434\u043E\u0440\u0456\u0432\u043D\u044E\u0454 \u0413\u0441\u00B7\u0441\u043C2 (\u0421\u0413\u0421) \u0442\u0430 \u0412\u00B7\u0441 (\u0421\u0406). \u0434\u0435 \u2014 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043B\u0430 \u041F\u043B\u0430\u043D\u043A\u0430, c \u2014 \u0448\u0432\u0438\u0434\u043A\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u043B\u0430, e \u2014 \u0435\u043B\u0435\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0440\u044F\u0434. \u0412\u0435\u043B\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043D\u0430, \u043E\u0431\u0435\u0440\u043D\u0435\u043D\u0430 \u0434\u043E \u043A\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0442\u0443 \u043C\u0430\u0433\u043D\u0456\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u043E\u0442\u043E\u043A\u0443 \u043D\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043B\u043E\u044E \u0414\u0436\u043E\u0437\u0435\u0444\u0441\u043E\u043D\u0430 \u0413\u0446\u00B7\u0412-1 (\u0421\u0406). \u042F\u0432\u0438\u0449\u0435 \u043A\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F \u043C\u0430\u0433\u043D\u0456\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u043E\u0442\u043E\u043A\u0443 \u0432 \u043D\u0430\u0434\u043F\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0430\u0445 \u0431\u0443\u043B\u043E \u0442\u0435\u043E\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u043E \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0431\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0435 \u0424\u0440\u0456\u0446\u043E\u043C \u041B\u043E\u043D\u0434\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C \u0432 1948 \u0440\u043E\u0446\u0456 \u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0444\u0456\u043A\u0441\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043E \u0435\u043A\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E \u0432 1961 \u0440\u043E\u0446\u0456 \u0430\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u043D\u0456\u043C\u0435\u0446\u044C\u043A\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u0434\u043E\u0441\u043B\u0456\u0434\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043C\u0438."@uk . . . . . . . . . "\u064A\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u062F\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063A\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064A\u0633\u064A\u060C \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A \u064A\u0645\u062B\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u03A6\u060C \u0648\u062C\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062E\u0637 \u0643\u0646\u062A\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062C\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063A\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064A\u0633\u064A B \u0645\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064B\u0627 \u0641\u064A \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0644\u0642\u0629 S\u060C \u0623\u064A \u03A6 = B \u22C5 S. \u064A\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064A\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 B \u0648S \u062A\u0639\u0633\u0641\u064A\u064A\u0646\u060C \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064A\u0639\u0646\u064A \u0623\u0646 \u03A6 \u064A\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064A\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060C \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062A\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0621 \u0645\u0639 \u062D\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0648\u0635\u064A\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u062B\u0642\u0628 \u0641\u064A \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062A\u0644\u0629\u060C \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u062F\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063A\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064A\u0633\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A \u064A\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u062B\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062A\u062D\u0629/\u0627\u0644\u062D\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u064A\u062A\u0645 \u062A\u0643\u0645\u064A\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639. \u0627\u0644\u062A\u062F\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063A\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064A\u0633\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064A \u03A60 = h/(2e) \u2248 2.067833848...\u00D710\u221215 Wb \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0632\u064A\u062C \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0648\u0627\u0628\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0627\u0626\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064A\u0629: \u062B\u0627\u0628\u062A \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643 h \u0648\u0634\u062D\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062A\u0631\u0648\u0646 e. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062A\u0627\u0644\u064A\u060C \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0642\u064A\u0645\u062A\u0647 \u0647\u064A \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u064A \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642. \u062A\u0645 \u0627\u0643\u062A\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u062A\u0643\u0645\u064A\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u062F\u0641\u0642 \u062A\u062C\u0631\u064A\u0628\u064A\u064B\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 BS Deaver \u0648WM Fairbank \u0648\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062A\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 R. Doll \u0648M. N\u00E4bauer\u060C \u0641\u064A \u0639\u0627\u0645 1961. \u064A\u0631\u062A\u0628\u0637 \u062A\u0643\u0645\u064A\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u062F\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063A\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064A\u0633\u064A \u0627\u0631\u062A\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064B\u0627 \u0648\u062B\u064A\u0642\u064B\u0627 \u0628\u062A\u0623\u062B\u064A\u0631 \u0644\u064A\u062A\u0644-\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u060C \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062A\u0645 \u062A\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064A\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064B\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u064A\u062A\u0632 \u0644\u0646\u062F\u0646 \u0641\u064A \u0639\u0627\u0645 1948 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062A\u062E\u062F\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u0648"@ar . . "\uC790\uC18D \uC591\uC790"@ko . . . . . "Flukson"@pl . . "The magnetic flux, represented by the symbol \u03A6, threading some contour or loop is defined as the magnetic field B multiplied by the loop area S, i.e. \u03A6 = B \u22C5 S. Both B and S can be arbitrary, meaning \u03A6 can be as well. However, if one deals with the superconducting loop or a hole in a bulk superconductor, the magnetic flux threading such a hole/loop is actually quantized.The (superconducting) magnetic flux quantum \u03A60 = h/(2e) \u2248 2.067833848...\u00D710\u221215 Wb is a combination of fundamental physical constants: the Planck constant h and the electron charge e. Its value is, therefore, the same for any superconductor.The phenomenon of flux quantization was discovered experimentally by B. S. Deaver and W. M. Fairbank and, independently, by R. Doll and M. N\u00E4bauer, in 1961. The quantization of magnetic flux is closely related to the Little\u2013Parks effect, but was predicted earlier by Fritz London in 1948 using a phenomenological model. The inverse of the flux quantum, 1/\u03A60, is called the Josephson constant, and is denoted KJ. It is the constant of proportionality of the Josephson effect, relating the potential difference across a Josephson junction to the frequency of the irradiation. The Josephson effect is very widely used to provide a standard for high-precision measurements of potential difference, which (from 1990 to 2019) were related to a fixed, conventional value of the Josephson constant, denoted KJ-90. With the 2019 redefinition of SI base units, the Josephson constant has an exact value of KJ = 483597.84841698... GHz\u22C5V\u22121, which replaces the conventional value KJ-90."@en . . "1120457018"^^ . . . . "\uC790\uC18D \uC591\uC790(magnetic flux quantum)\uB294 \uCD08\uC804\uB3C4\uCCB4\uC5D0\uC11C \uC591\uC790\uD654\uB41C \uC790\uC18D\uC744 \uB9D0\uD55C\uB2E4. \uC790\uC18D\uC740 \uAE30\uD638 \u03A6 \uB85C \uD45C\uC2DC\uB418\uBA70 \uC5B4\uB5A4 \uD3D0\uACE1\uC120\uC744 \uD1B5\uACFC\uD558\uB294 \uC790\uC18D(magnetic flux)\uC740 \uC790\uAE30\uC7A5\uC758 \uC138\uAE30 B\uC640 \uD3D0\uACE1\uC120\uC758 \uBA74\uC801 S\uC758 \uACF1 \uC989 \u03A6 =B \u22C5 S \uB85C \uC815\uC758\uB41C\uB2E4. \uC77C\uBC18\uC801\uC73C\uB85C B \uC640 S \uB294 \uBAA8\uB450 \uC784\uC758\uC758 \uAC12\uC744 \uAC00\uC9C8 \uC218 \uC788\uACE0 \uB530\uB77C\uC11C \u03A6\uB3C4 \uC784\uC758\uC758 \uAC12\uC744 \uAC00\uC9C4\uB2E4. \uADF8\uB7F0\uB370 \uD3D0\uACE1\uC120 \uD615\uD0DC\uC758 \uCD08\uC804\uB3C4\uCCB4\uB098 \uAD6C\uBA4D\uC774 \uC788\uB294 \uCD08\uC804\uB3C4\uCCB4\uC758 \uACBD\uC6B0\uC5D0\uB294, \uC774\uB7EC\uD55C \uAD6C\uBA4D\uC774\uB098 \uD3D0\uACE1\uC120\uC744 \uD1B5\uACFC\uD558\uB294 \uC790\uC18D\uC774 \uC591\uC790\uD654\uB41C\uB2E4. \uC790\uC18D \uC591\uC790 \u03A60 = h/(2e) \u2248 2.067 833 848 ... \u00D7 10 -15 Wb\uB294 \uD50C\uB791\uD06C \uC0C1\uC218 h \uC640 \uC804\uC790 \uC804\uD558 e \uC640 \uAC19\uC740 \uAE30\uBCF8\uC801\uC778 \uBB3C\uB9AC \uC0C1\uC218\uC758 \uC870\uD569\uC774\uB2E4. \uB530\uB77C\uC11C \uC790\uC18D \uC591\uC790\uC758 \uAC12\uC740 \uCD08\uC804\uB3C4\uCCB4\uC758 \uC885\uB958\uC5D0 \uAD00\uACC4\uC5C6\uC774 \uBAA8\uB4E0 \uCD08\uC804\uB3C4\uCCB4\uC5D0\uC11C \uB3D9\uC77C\uD55C \uAC12\uC774\uB2E4. \uC790\uC18D\uC774 \uC591\uC790\uD654\uB418\uB294 \uD604\uC0C1\uC740 1961\uB144 (B.S.Deaver)\uC640 (W.M.Fairbank) \uBC0F R. \uB3CC(R. Doll)\uACFC M. \uB124\uBC14\uC6B0\uC5B4(M. N\u00E4bauer)\uC5D0 \uC758\uD558\uC5EC \uAC01\uAC01 \uB3C5\uB9BD\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uC2E4\uD5D8\uC5D0 \uC758\uD558\uC5EC \uBC1C\uACAC\uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uC790\uC18D\uC758 \uC591\uC790\uD654\uB294 (Little-Parks effect)\uC640 \uBC00\uC811\uD55C \uAD00\uACC4\uAC00 \uC788\uB294\uB370 \uC77C\uCC0D\uC774 1948\uB144 \uC774 \uD604\uC0C1\uD559\uC801 \uBAA8\uB378(phenomenological model)\uC744 \uC0AC\uC6A9\uD558\uC5EC \uC608\uCE21\uD558\uAE30\uB3C4 \uD588\uB2E4. \uC790\uC18D \uC591\uC790\uC758 \uC5ED\uC218 \uAC12, 1/\u03A60 \uB294 \uC870\uC149\uC2A8 \uC0C1\uC218\uB77C \uBD88\uB9AC\uBA70 KJ \uB85C \uD45C\uC2DC\uB41C\uB2E4. \uC774\uAC83\uC740 \uC870\uC149\uC2A8 \uD6A8\uACFC\uC758 \uBE44\uB840 \uC0C1\uC218\uB85C, \uC870\uC149\uC2A8 \uC811\uD569\uC5D0\uC11C\uC758 \uC804\uC704\uCC28\uB97C \uADF8 \uC870\uC0AC \uC8FC\uD30C\uC218\uC640 \uAD00\uB828\uC9D3\uB294 \uACC4\uC218\uC774\uB2E4. \uC870\uC149\uC2A8 \uD6A8\uACFC\uB294 \uC804\uC555\uC744 \uACE0\uC815\uBC00\uB85C \uCE21\uC815\uD558\uB294 \uD45C\uC900\uC744 \uC81C\uACF5\uD558\uAE30 \uC704\uD558\uC5EC \uB9E4\uC6B0 \uB110\uB9AC \uC0AC\uC6A9\uB418\uBA70, 1990\uB144 \uC774\uB798\uB85C \uC870\uC149\uC2A8 \uC0C1\uC218\uC758 \uD611\uC815\uAC12(conventional value)\uC73C\uB85C KJ-90\uC73C\uB85C \uD45C\uAE30\uB418\uB294 \uC0C1\uC218\uC640 \uAD00\uB828\uB418\uC5B4 \uC788\uB2E4. \uD55C\uD3B8 \uC5D0 \uC758\uD558\uC5EC \uC870\uC149\uC2A8 \uC0C1\uC218 KJ = 483597.84841698.... GHz\u00B7V-1\uC758 \uC5C4\uBC00\uD55C \uAC12\uC744 \uAC00\uC9C0\uBA70 \uAE30\uC874\uC758 KJ-90 \uAC12\uC744 \uB300\uCCB4\uD55C\uB2E4."@ko . . "11529"^^ . "\uC790\uC18D \uC591\uC790(magnetic flux quantum)\uB294 \uCD08\uC804\uB3C4\uCCB4\uC5D0\uC11C \uC591\uC790\uD654\uB41C \uC790\uC18D\uC744 \uB9D0\uD55C\uB2E4. \uC790\uC18D\uC740 \uAE30\uD638 \u03A6 \uB85C \uD45C\uC2DC\uB418\uBA70 \uC5B4\uB5A4 \uD3D0\uACE1\uC120\uC744 \uD1B5\uACFC\uD558\uB294 \uC790\uC18D(magnetic flux)\uC740 \uC790\uAE30\uC7A5\uC758 \uC138\uAE30 B\uC640 \uD3D0\uACE1\uC120\uC758 \uBA74\uC801 S\uC758 \uACF1 \uC989 \u03A6 =B \u22C5 S \uB85C \uC815\uC758\uB41C\uB2E4. \uC77C\uBC18\uC801\uC73C\uB85C B \uC640 S \uB294 \uBAA8\uB450 \uC784\uC758\uC758 \uAC12\uC744 \uAC00\uC9C8 \uC218 \uC788\uACE0 \uB530\uB77C\uC11C \u03A6\uB3C4 \uC784\uC758\uC758 \uAC12\uC744 \uAC00\uC9C4\uB2E4. \uADF8\uB7F0\uB370 \uD3D0\uACE1\uC120 \uD615\uD0DC\uC758 \uCD08\uC804\uB3C4\uCCB4\uB098 \uAD6C\uBA4D\uC774 \uC788\uB294 \uCD08\uC804\uB3C4\uCCB4\uC758 \uACBD\uC6B0\uC5D0\uB294, \uC774\uB7EC\uD55C \uAD6C\uBA4D\uC774\uB098 \uD3D0\uACE1\uC120\uC744 \uD1B5\uACFC\uD558\uB294 \uC790\uC18D\uC774 \uC591\uC790\uD654\uB41C\uB2E4. \uC790\uC18D \uC591\uC790 \u03A60 = h/(2e) \u2248 2.067 833 848 ... \u00D7 10 -15 Wb\uB294 \uD50C\uB791\uD06C \uC0C1\uC218 h \uC640 \uC804\uC790 \uC804\uD558 e \uC640 \uAC19\uC740 \uAE30\uBCF8\uC801\uC778 \uBB3C\uB9AC \uC0C1\uC218\uC758 \uC870\uD569\uC774\uB2E4. \uB530\uB77C\uC11C \uC790\uC18D \uC591\uC790\uC758 \uAC12\uC740 \uCD08\uC804\uB3C4\uCCB4\uC758 \uC885\uB958\uC5D0 \uAD00\uACC4\uC5C6\uC774 \uBAA8\uB4E0 \uCD08\uC804\uB3C4\uCCB4\uC5D0\uC11C \uB3D9\uC77C\uD55C \uAC12\uC774\uB2E4. \uC790\uC18D\uC774 \uC591\uC790\uD654\uB418\uB294 \uD604\uC0C1\uC740 1961\uB144 (B.S.Deaver)\uC640 (W.M.Fairbank) \uBC0F R. \uB3CC(R. Doll)\uACFC M. \uB124\uBC14\uC6B0\uC5B4(M. N\u00E4bauer)\uC5D0 \uC758\uD558\uC5EC \uAC01\uAC01 \uB3C5\uB9BD\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uC2E4\uD5D8\uC5D0 \uC758\uD558\uC5EC \uBC1C\uACAC\uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uC790\uC18D\uC758 \uC591\uC790\uD654\uB294 (Little-Parks effect)\uC640 \uBC00\uC811\uD55C \uAD00\uACC4\uAC00 \uC788\uB294\uB370 \uC77C\uCC0D\uC774 1948\uB144 \uC774 \uD604\uC0C1\uD559\uC801 \uBAA8\uB378(phenomenological model)\uC744 \uC0AC\uC6A9\uD558\uC5EC \uC608\uCE21\uD558\uAE30\uB3C4 \uD588\uB2E4."@ko . "\u78C1\u901A\u91CF\u91CF\u5B50\uFF08Magnetic flux quantum\uFF09\u662F\u6307\u78C1\u901A\u91CF\u7684\u6700\u5C0F\u55AE\u4F4D\uFF0C\u901A\u5E38\u4EE5\u70BA\u7B26\u865F\uFF0C\u5176\u503C\u7B49\u65BC(\u7D04\u70BA2.067 833 758\u00D710\u221215 Wb)\uFF0C\u662F\u7269\u7406\u5E38\u6578\u3002 \u8207\u78C1\u901A\u91CF\u91CF\u5B50\u76F8\u95DC\u6216\u662F\u540C\u7FA9\u7684\u55AE\u5B57\u5305\u62EC\uFF1A\u300Cflux quanta\u300D\u3001\u300Cfluxoid\u300D\u3001\u300Cfluxon\u300D\u3002"@zh . . . "La quantizzazione del flusso \u00E8 una propriet\u00E0 caratteristica dei materiali superconduttori ed implica che dato un anello superconduttore il flusso del campo magnetico pu\u00F2 assumere valori interi di una quantit\u00E0 elementare: ."@it . . "\u064A\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u062F\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063A\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064A\u0633\u064A\u060C \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A \u064A\u0645\u062B\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u03A6\u060C \u0648\u062C\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062E\u0637 \u0643\u0646\u062A\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062C\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063A\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064A\u0633\u064A B \u0645\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064B\u0627 \u0641\u064A \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0644\u0642\u0629 S\u060C \u0623\u064A \u03A6 = B \u22C5 S. \u064A\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064A\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 B \u0648S \u062A\u0639\u0633\u0641\u064A\u064A\u0646\u060C \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064A\u0639\u0646\u064A \u0623\u0646 \u03A6 \u064A\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064A\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060C \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062A\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0621 \u0645\u0639 \u062D\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0648\u0635\u064A\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u062B\u0642\u0628 \u0641\u064A \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062A\u0644\u0629\u060C \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u062F\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063A\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064A\u0633\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A \u064A\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u062B\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062A\u062D\u0629/\u0627\u0644\u062D\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u064A\u062A\u0645 \u062A\u0643\u0645\u064A\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639. \u0627\u0644\u062A\u062F\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063A\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064A\u0633\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064A \u03A60 = h/(2e) \u2248 2.067833848...\u00D710\u221215 Wb \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0632\u064A\u062C \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0648\u0627\u0628\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0627\u0626\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064A\u0629: \u062B\u0627\u0628\u062A \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643 h \u0648\u0634\u062D\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062A\u0631\u0648\u0646 e. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062A\u0627\u0644\u064A\u060C \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0642\u064A\u0645\u062A\u0647 \u0647\u064A \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u064A \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642. \u062A\u0645 \u0627\u0643\u062A\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u062A\u0643\u0645\u064A\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u062F\u0641\u0642 \u062A\u062C\u0631\u064A\u0628\u064A\u064B\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 BS Deaver \u0648WM Fairbank \u0648\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062A\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 R. Doll \u0648M. N\u00E4bauer\u060C \u0641\u064A \u0639\u0627\u0645 1961. \u064A\u0631\u062A\u0628\u0637 \u062A\u0643\u0645\u064A\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u062F\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063A\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064A\u0633\u064A \u0627\u0631\u062A\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064B\u0627 \u0648\u062B\u064A\u0642\u064B\u0627 \u0628\u062A\u0623\u062B\u064A\u0631 \u0644\u064A\u062A\u0644-\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u060C \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062A\u0645 \u062A\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064A\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064B\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u064A\u062A\u0632 \u0644\u0646\u062F\u0646 \u0641\u064A \u0639\u0627\u0645 1948 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062A\u062E\u062F\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062C \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064A. \u064A\u064F\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0643\u0648\u0633 \u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u062F\u0641\u0642\u060C 1/\u03A60\u060C \u062B\u0627\u0628\u062A \u062C\u0648\u0632\u064A\u0641\u0633\u0646\u060C \u0648\u064A\u064F\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0625\u0644\u064A\u0647 KJ. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u062B\u0627\u0628\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u062A\u0623\u062B\u064A\u0631 \u062C\u0648\u0632\u064A\u0641\u0633\u0646\u060C \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A \u064A\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0647\u062F \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062A\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u062C\u0648\u0632\u064A\u0641\u0633\u0646 \u0628\u062A\u0631\u062F\u062F \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0634\u0639\u064A\u0639. \u064A\u0633\u062A\u062E\u062F\u0645 \u062A\u0623\u062B\u064A\u0631 \u062C\u0648\u0632\u064A\u0641\u0633\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u062C\u062F\u064B\u0627 \u0644\u062A\u0648\u0641\u064A\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u064A\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064A\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062A \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0647\u062F\u060C \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A (\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1990) \u0645\u0631\u062A\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u064A\u0645\u0629 \u062B\u0627\u0628\u062A\u0629 \u0648\u062A\u0642\u0644\u064A\u062F\u064A\u0629 \u0644\u062B\u0627\u0628\u062A \u062C\u0648\u0632\u064A\u0641\u0633\u0646\u060C \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064A\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0640KJ-90. \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062F\u0629 \u062A\u0639\u0631\u064A\u0641 2019 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062D\u062F\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064A\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0648\u0644\u064A \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062D\u062F\u0627\u062A\u060C \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062B\u0627\u0628\u062A \u062C\u0648\u0632\u064A\u0641\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064A\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0642\u064A\u0642\u0629 KJ = 483597.84841698... GHz\u22C5V\u22121\u060C \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u062D\u0644\u062A \u0645\u062D\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064A\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0642\u0644\u064A\u062F\u064A\u0629 KJ-90."@ar . . . "\u041A\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043D\u0442 \u043C\u0430\u0433\u043D\u0456\u0301\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0301\u043A\u0443 \u043E\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0430 \u043F\u043E\u0440\u0446\u0456\u044F \u043C\u0430\u0433\u043D\u0456\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u043E\u0442\u043E\u043A\u0443, \u044F\u043A\u0430 \u043C\u043E\u0436\u0435 \u0456\u0441\u043D\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0456 \u043D\u0430\u0434\u043F\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043D\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0437\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043A\u0430 \u0437 \u0442\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0457\u0434\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u044E \u0442\u043E\u043F\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0456\u0454\u044E. \u041A\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0442 \u043C\u0430\u0433\u043D\u0456\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u043E\u0442\u043E\u043A\u0443 \u0434\u043E\u0440\u0456\u0432\u043D\u044E\u0454 \u0413\u0441\u00B7\u0441\u043C2 (\u0421\u0413\u0421) \u0442\u0430 \u0412\u00B7\u0441 (\u0421\u0406). \u0434\u0435 \u2014 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043B\u0430 \u041F\u043B\u0430\u043D\u043A\u0430, c \u2014 \u0448\u0432\u0438\u0434\u043A\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u043B\u0430, e \u2014 \u0435\u043B\u0435\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0440\u044F\u0434. \u0412\u0435\u043B\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043D\u0430, \u043E\u0431\u0435\u0440\u043D\u0435\u043D\u0430 \u0434\u043E \u043A\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0442\u0443 \u043C\u0430\u0433\u043D\u0456\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u043E\u0442\u043E\u043A\u0443 \u043D\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043B\u043E\u044E \u0414\u0436\u043E\u0437\u0435\u0444\u0441\u043E\u043D\u0430 \u0413\u0446\u00B7\u0412-1 (\u0421\u0406). \u042F\u0432\u0438\u0449\u0435 \u043A\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F \u043C\u0430\u0433\u043D\u0456\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u043E\u0442\u043E\u043A\u0443 \u0432 \u043D\u0430\u0434\u043F\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0430\u0445 \u0431\u0443\u043B\u043E \u0442\u0435\u043E\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u043E \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0431\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0435 \u0424\u0440\u0456\u0446\u043E\u043C \u041B\u043E\u043D\u0434\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C \u0432 1948 \u0440\u043E\u0446\u0456 \u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0444\u0456\u043A\u0441\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043E \u0435\u043A\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E \u0432 1961 \u0440\u043E\u0446\u0456 \u0430\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u043D\u0456\u043C\u0435\u0446\u044C\u043A\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u0434\u043E\u0441\u043B\u0456\u0434\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043C\u0438."@uk . . . "\u041A\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0442 \u043C\u0430\u0433\u043D\u0456\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u043E\u0442\u043E\u043A\u0443"@uk . "Flukson \u2013 kwant strumienia magnetycznego.Jego warto\u015B\u0107 wynosi: gdzie: \u2013 sta\u0142a Plancka, \u2013 \u0142adunek elementarny. Flukson nale\u017Cy do tzw. kwazicz\u0105stek. O fluksonie mo\u017Cna m\u00F3wi\u0107, gdy rozwa\u017Cany jest pojedynczy strumie\u0144 pola magnetycznego wnikaj\u0105cy np. do obszaru nadprzewodz\u0105cego w przypadku nadprzewodnik\u00F3w 2. rodzaju. W materia\u0142ach tych dochodzi do zjawiska kwantyzacji strumienia magnetycznego. Dwa elektrony skorelowane w par\u0119 Coopera tworz\u0105 taki uk\u0142ad i jest on wynikiem ich kolektywizacji zale\u017Cnej od temperatury oraz oddzia\u0142ywania zewn\u0119trznego pola magnetycznego, st\u0105d we wzorze czynnik"@pl . . . "Cuantificaci\u00F3n del flujo magn\u00E9tico"@es . "\u78C1\u901A\u91CF\u91CF\u5B50"@zh . "Qu\u00E0ntic de flux magn\u00E8tic"@ca . . . . . "The magnetic flux, represented by the symbol \u03A6, threading some contour or loop is defined as the magnetic field B multiplied by the loop area S, i.e. \u03A6 = B \u22C5 S. Both B and S can be arbitrary, meaning \u03A6 can be as well. However, if one deals with the superconducting loop or a hole in a bulk superconductor, the magnetic flux threading such a hole/loop is actually quantized.The (superconducting) magnetic flux quantum \u03A60 = h/(2e) \u2248 2.067833848...\u00D710\u221215 Wb is a combination of fundamental physical constants: the Planck constant h and the electron charge e. Its value is, therefore, the same for any superconductor.The phenomenon of flux quantization was discovered experimentally by B. S. Deaver and W. M. Fairbank and, independently, by R. Doll and M. N\u00E4bauer, in 1961. The quantization of magnetic f"@en . . . . . . . . "La quantizzazione del flusso \u00E8 una propriet\u00E0 caratteristica dei materiali superconduttori ed implica che dato un anello superconduttore il flusso del campo magnetico pu\u00F2 assumere valori interi di una quantit\u00E0 elementare: ."@it . . . "Flukson \u2013 kwant strumienia magnetycznego.Jego warto\u015B\u0107 wynosi: gdzie: \u2013 sta\u0142a Plancka, \u2013 \u0142adunek elementarny. Flukson nale\u017Cy do tzw. kwazicz\u0105stek. O fluksonie mo\u017Cna m\u00F3wi\u0107, gdy rozwa\u017Cany jest pojedynczy strumie\u0144 pola magnetycznego wnikaj\u0105cy np. do obszaru nadprzewodz\u0105cego w przypadku nadprzewodnik\u00F3w 2. rodzaju. W materia\u0142ach tych dochodzi do zjawiska kwantyzacji strumienia magnetycznego. Dwa elektrony skorelowane w par\u0119 Coopera tworz\u0105 taki uk\u0142ad i jest on wynikiem ich kolektywizacji zale\u017Cnej od temperatury oraz oddzia\u0142ywania zewn\u0119trznego pola magnetycznego, st\u0105d we wzorze czynnik"@pl . . . . "Quantizzazione del flusso"@it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Magnetic flux quantum"@en . . . . . . . "La cuantificaci\u00F3n del flujo magn\u00E9tico es una propiedad caracter\u00EDstica de los materiales superconductores e implica que dado un anillo superconductor el flujo del campo magn\u00E9tico puede asumir valores enteros de una cantidad elemental, a esta cantidad se la denomina cuanto de flujo magn\u00E9tico, \u03A60, y su valor viene dado por \u03A60 = h/(2e) \u2248 2,067833758(46) x 10-15 Wb\u200B El cuanto de flujo magn\u00E9tico es una constante f\u00EDsica combinaci\u00F3n de dos constantes f\u00EDsicas fundamentales; la constante de Planck h y la carga del el\u00E9ctr\u00F3n e y su valor es, por lo tanto, el mismo para cualquier superconductor."@es . . . . . . . "\u062A\u062F\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u063A\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064A\u0633\u064A \u0643\u0645\u064A"@ar . "La cuantificaci\u00F3n del flujo magn\u00E9tico es una propiedad caracter\u00EDstica de los materiales superconductores e implica que dado un anillo superconductor el flujo del campo magn\u00E9tico puede asumir valores enteros de una cantidad elemental, a esta cantidad se la denomina cuanto de flujo magn\u00E9tico, \u03A60, y su valor viene dado por \u03A60 = h/(2e) \u2248 2,067833758(46) x 10-15 Wb\u200B El cuanto de flujo magn\u00E9tico es una constante f\u00EDsica combinaci\u00F3n de dos constantes f\u00EDsicas fundamentales; la constante de Planck h y la carga del el\u00E9ctr\u00F3n e y su valor es, por lo tanto, el mismo para cualquier superconductor. El fen\u00F3meno de cuantificaci\u00F3n del flujo magn\u00E9tico fue descubierto experimentalmente por B. S. Deaver y W. M. Fairbank\u200B y, de forma independiente, por R. Doll y M. N\u00E4bauer,\u200B en 1961. La cuantificaci\u00F3n del flujo magn\u00E9tico esta estrechamente relacionada con el , pero fue predicha anteriormente por Fritz London en 1948 usando un modelo fenomenol\u00F3gico. Al inverso del cuanto de flujo magn\u00E9tico, 1/\u03A60, se le denomina Constante de Josephson, y es denotada por KJ. Es la constante de proporcionalidad del Efecto Josephson, relacionando la diferencia de potencial a trav\u00E9s de una uni\u00F3n de Josephson con la frecuencia de la irradiaci\u00F3n. El Efecto Josephson es ampliamente utilizado para proporcionar un est\u00E1ndar para mediciones de alta precisi\u00F3n de diferencia de potencial."@es . . .