"International Union of Revolutionary Writers , the International Association of Writers for the Defense of Culture. It was also the American equivalent of the British League of Writers."@en . . . . . . . . . . . . "Novelist Dashiell Hammett on the cover of his most famous book, in 1934."@en . . . . . . . . . . . "Lillian-Hellman-1939.jpg"@en . . . . . "Early League Members"@en . . . "left"@en . . . . . . "Poet Langston Hughes, photographed in 1942."@en . . . . . . . "\u041B\u0438\u0433\u0430 \u0430\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u043F\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043B\u0435\u0439 (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. League of American Writers) \u2014 \u0430\u0441\u0441\u043E\u0446\u0438\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044F \u0430\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u043F\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043B\u0435\u0439, \u0434\u0440\u0430\u043C\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0433\u043E\u0432, \u043F\u043E\u044D\u0442\u043E\u0432, \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043D\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0432 \u0438 \u043B\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0435\u0434\u043E\u0432, \u0441\u043E\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043D\u043D\u0430\u044F \u041A\u043E\u043C\u043C\u0443\u043D\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u043F\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0421\u0428\u0410 (CPUSA) \u0432 1935 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0443. \u0412 \u044D\u0442\u0443 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043F\u043F\u0443 \u0432\u0445\u043E\u0434\u0438\u043B\u0438 \u043A\u0430\u043A \u0447\u043B\u0435\u043D\u044B \u041A\u043E\u043C\u043C\u0443\u043D\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u043F\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0438, \u0442\u0430\u043A \u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043A \u043D\u0430\u0437\u044B\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043C\u044B\u0435 \u00AB\u043F\u043E\u043F\u0443\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043A\u0438\u00BB, \u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u044B\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u043D\u043E \u0441\u043B\u0435\u0434\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0438 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u043B\u0438\u043D\u0438\u0438 \u041A\u043E\u043C\u043C\u0443\u043D\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u043F\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0438, \u0438 \u00AB\u0441\u043E\u0447\u0443\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044E\u0449\u0438\u0435\u00BB. \u041E\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044F \u0431\u044B\u043B\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043F\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043D\u0430 \u0432 \u044F\u043D\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0435 1943 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430."@ru . . "10558149"^^ . "Novelist and short story writer Erskine Caldwell, photographed in 1938."@en . . . . . . "Upton Beall Sinclair Jr.jpg"@en . . "Arthur Miller% 2C Bestanddeelnr 912-9998 .jpg"@en . "providing financial and moral support to American and international writers"@en . . . . . . . . "Former League Vice Presidents"@en . . . . "24986"^^ . "League of American Writers"@en . . . . . . . "La Ligo de Usonaj Verkistoj a\u016D en usonangla League of American Writers estis asocio de usonaj romanistoj, dramaturgoj, poetoj, \u0135urnalistoj, kaj literaturaj kritikistoj lan\u0109ita de la Komunisma Partio de Usono (CPUSA) en 1935. Tiu grupo inkludis membrojn de la Komunisma Partio, kaj tiele nomitaj \"\" kiuj deproksime sekvis la politikan linion de la Komunisma Partio sen esti formale partimembroj, same kiel individuojn simpatiajn al specifaj politikoj proponitaj de la organiza\u0135o. La organiza\u0135o estis nuligita en Januaro 1943."@eo . . . "New York City"@en . . "League of American Writers"@en . . . . . . . "The League of American Writers was an association of American novelists, playwrights, poets, journalists, and literary critics launched by the Communist Party USA (CPUSA) in 1935. The group included Communist Party members, and so-called \"fellow travelers\" who closely followed the Communist Party's political line without being formal party members, as well as individuals sympathetic to specific policies being advocated by the organization. The League's policy objectives changed over time in accord with the shifting party line of the CPUSA. Beginning as an anti-fascist organization in 1935, the League turned to an anti-war position following the signing of the Nazi-Soviet Pact of 1939 and to a pro-war position after the German invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941. The organization was prominent in the defense of Republican Spain during the Spanish Civil War and in providing financial and moral support to writers in need in the United States and internationally. The organization ended its activities in 1943, with its members moving on to others with similar objectives."@en . . . "vertical"@en . . . . . . "Political organization"@en . "\u041B\u0438\u0433\u0430 \u0430\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u043F\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043B\u0435\u0439 (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. League of American Writers) \u2014 \u0430\u0441\u0441\u043E\u0446\u0438\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044F \u0430\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u043F\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043B\u0435\u0439, \u0434\u0440\u0430\u043C\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0433\u043E\u0432, \u043F\u043E\u044D\u0442\u043E\u0432, \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043D\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0432 \u0438 \u043B\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0435\u0434\u043E\u0432, \u0441\u043E\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043D\u043D\u0430\u044F \u041A\u043E\u043C\u043C\u0443\u043D\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u043F\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0421\u0428\u0410 (CPUSA) \u0432 1935 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0443. \u0412 \u044D\u0442\u0443 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043F\u043F\u0443 \u0432\u0445\u043E\u0434\u0438\u043B\u0438 \u043A\u0430\u043A \u0447\u043B\u0435\u043D\u044B \u041A\u043E\u043C\u043C\u0443\u043D\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u043F\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0438, \u0442\u0430\u043A \u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043A \u043D\u0430\u0437\u044B\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043C\u044B\u0435 \u00AB\u043F\u043E\u043F\u0443\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043A\u0438\u00BB, \u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u044B\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u043D\u043E \u0441\u043B\u0435\u0434\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0438 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u043B\u0438\u043D\u0438\u0438 \u041A\u043E\u043C\u043C\u0443\u043D\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u043F\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0438, \u0438 \u00AB\u0441\u043E\u0447\u0443\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044E\u0449\u0438\u0435\u00BB. \u041F\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0435 \u0446\u0435\u043B\u0438 \u041B\u0438\u0433\u0438 \u043C\u0435\u043D\u044F\u043B\u0438\u0441\u044C \u0441\u043E \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0435\u043C \u043F\u043E \u043C\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u043F\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0439\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u043B\u0438\u043D\u0438\u0438. \u041D\u0430 \u043C\u043E\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0442 \u0432\u043E\u0437\u043D\u0438\u043A\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0432 1935 \u0433. \u043E\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044F \u0437\u0430\u043D\u0438\u043C\u0430\u043B\u0430 \u0430\u043A\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043D\u0443\u044E \u0430\u043D\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0441\u043A\u0443\u044E \u043F\u043E\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u044E. \u041F\u043E\u0441\u043B\u0435 \u043F\u043E\u0434\u043F\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0433\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0430\u043D\u043E-\u0441\u043E\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0430 1939 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430 \u041B\u0438\u0433\u0430 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0448\u043B\u0430 \u043D\u0430 \u0430\u043D\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043E\u0435\u043D\u043D\u0443\u044E \u043F\u043E\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u044E, \u0438 \u043D\u0430\u043A\u043E\u043D\u0435\u0446, \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043B\u0430 \u0430\u043A\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043D\u043E \u043F\u043E\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044C \u0432\u043E\u0439\u043D\u0443 \u043F\u043E\u0441\u043B\u0435 \u0432\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0436\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0413\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u0421\u043E\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0421\u043E\u044E\u0437 \u0432 \u0438\u044E\u043D\u0435 1941 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430. \u041E\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044F \u0441\u044B\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043B\u0430 \u0430\u043A\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043D\u0443\u044E \u0440\u043E\u043B\u044C \u0432 \u043F\u043E\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043A\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u043F\u0443\u0431\u043B\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0418\u0441\u043F\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u043E \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u044F \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0432\u043E\u0439\u043D\u044B \u0432 \u0418\u0441\u043F\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0438, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043A\u0436\u0435 \u0432 \u043E\u043A\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0438 \u0444\u0438\u043D\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0439 \u0438 \u043C\u043E\u0440\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u043F\u043E\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043A\u0438 \u043D\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044E\u0449\u0438\u043C\u0441\u044F \u043F\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044F\u043C \u0432 \u0421\u043E\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0428\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u043D\u0430 \u043C\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043D\u0430\u0440\u043E\u0434\u043D\u043E\u043C \u0443\u0440\u043E\u0432\u043D\u0435. \u041E\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044F \u0431\u044B\u043B\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043F\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043D\u0430 \u0432 \u044F\u043D\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0435 1943 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430."@ru . . . . . . "Langston Hughes cph.3a43849.jpg"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . "1118188764"^^ . . . . . . "Erskine Caldwell 1938 .jpg"@en . . "Formal membership application for writers of all kinds with a regional or national audience"@en . "Established by the First American Writers Congress, with roots in the John Reed Clubs"@en . . . . . . . . . . . "La Ligo de Usonaj Verkistoj a\u016D en usonangla League of American Writers estis asocio de usonaj romanistoj, dramaturgoj, poetoj, \u0135urnalistoj, kaj literaturaj kritikistoj lan\u0109ita de la Komunisma Partio de Usono (CPUSA) en 1935. Tiu grupo inkludis membrojn de la Komunisma Partio, kaj tiele nomitaj \"\" kiuj deproksime sekvis la politikan linion de la Komunisma Partio sen esti formale partimembroj, same kiel individuojn simpatiajn al specifaj politikoj proponitaj de la organiza\u0135o. La politikaj celoj de la Ligo \u015Dan\u011Dis la\u016Dlonge de la tempo kongruek un la \u015Dan\u011Danta partilinio de la CPUSA. Komencinta kiel kontra\u016Dfa\u015Disma organiza\u0135o en 1935, la Ligo turni\u011Dis al kontra\u016Dmilita sinteno sekve al la subskribo de la Pakto Ribbentrop-Molotov de 1939 kaj al promilita sinteno post la germana invado de Sovetunio okazinta en Junio 1941. La organiza\u0135o elstaris en la defendo de la respublika Hispanio dum la Hispana Enlanda Milito kaj por havigo de financa kaj morala subteno al bezonantaj verkistoj kaj en Usono kaj internacie. La organiza\u0135o estis nuligita en Januaro 1943."@eo . . . . . . . . . "League of American Writers"@en . "Playwright Arthur Miller in 1961."@en . . . . . . . . . . "Playwright Lillian Hellman, photographed in 1939."@en . . "right"@en . "\u041B\u0438\u0433\u0430 \u0430\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u043F\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043B\u0435\u0439"@ru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Ligo de Usonaj Verkistoj"@eo . . . "Novelist Upton Sinclair, photographed in 1932."@en . . "1935"^^ . "1943"^^ . "Formal membership application for writers of all kinds with a regional or national audience"@en . . . . . . "The League of American Writers was an association of American novelists, playwrights, poets, journalists, and literary critics launched by the Communist Party USA (CPUSA) in 1935. The group included Communist Party members, and so-called \"fellow travelers\" who closely followed the Communist Party's political line without being formal party members, as well as individuals sympathetic to specific policies being advocated by the organization. The organization ended its activities in 1943, with its members moving on to others with similar objectives."@en . . . . . "The Thin Man .jpg"@en . . . . . .