. . . . "Kutsuki Masatsuna (\u673D\u6728 \u660C\u7DB1, March 5, 1750 \u2013 May 18, 1802), also known as Kutsuki Oki-no kami Minamoto-no Masatsuna, was a hereditary Japanese daimy\u014D of Oki and \u014Cmi with holdings in Tanba and Fukuchiyama. His warrior clan was amongst the hereditary vassals of the Tokugawa family (the fudai) in the Edo period. His childhood name was Tomojiro (\u65A7\u6B21\u90CE). Masatsuna was a polymath and a keen student of whatever information was available at that time concerning the West. Since most printed material was only available in the Dutch language, such studies were commonly called \"Dutch learning\" (rangaku). Dutch Japanologist Isaac Titsingh considered Masatsuna to have been his closest friend while he was in Japan, and their correspondence continued after Titsingh last left Dejima for the last time. The oldest surviving letter from Masatsuna to Titsingh dates from 1789; and this letter mentions mutual friends such as (the father-in-law of the eleventh sh\u014Dgun, Tokugawa Ienari) and Kuze Hirotami (Nagasaki bugy\u014D or governor of Nagasaki port). Masatsuna and Titsingh shared an interest in numismatics. After Titsingh was reassigned from Japan in 1784, he sent packages of coins from India\u2014Dutch coppers, as well as coins from India, Russia, Turkey, and Africa. Titsingh in turn received Japanese and Chinese coins as gifts. Masatsuna was an author of several treatises on numismatics. He was the first in Japan to circulate a book about non-Japanese coins with impressions taken from actual coins which had been obtained from Western traders. Masatsuna's collection of coins was brought to the UK in the 19th century, and is now in the British Museum and the Ashmolean Museum."@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u673D\u6728\u660C\u7DB1\uFF08\u65E5\u8BED\uFF1A\u673D\u6728 \u660C\u7DB1\uFF0F\u304F\u3064\u304D \u307E\u3055\u3064\u306A Kutsuki Masatsuna\uFF0C1750\u5E743\u67085\u65E5\uFF0D1802\u5E745\u670818\u65E5\uFF09\uFF0C\u65E5\u672C\u6C5F\u6236\u6642\u4EE3\u4E2D\u671F\u81F3\u672B\u671F\u7684\u5927\u540D\uFF0C\u798F\u77E5\u5C71\u85E9\u7B2C8\u4EE3\u85E9\u4E3B\u3001\u798F\u77E5\u5C71\u85E9\u673D\u6728\u5BB6\u7B2C9\u4EE3\u5BB6\u7763\u3002\u4ED6\u4E5F\u662F\u4E00\u4F4D\u862D\u5B78\u5BB6\u3001\u6B50\u6D32\u5730\u8A8C\u7814\u7A76\u8005\u3001\u4E16\u754C\u5730\u7406\u7814\u7A76\u8005\u548C\u8CA8\u5E63\u7814\u7A76\u5BB6\u3002 \u673D\u6728\u660C\u7DB1\u662F\u7B2C6\u4EE3\u85E9\u4E3B\u7684\u9577\u5B50\uFF0C\u51FA\u751F\u5728\u6C5F\u6236\u30021776\u5E74\uFF08\u5B89\u6C385\u5E74\uFF09\u6210\u70BA\u7B2C7\u4EE3\u85E9\u4E3B\u7684\u990A\u5B50\u30021787\u5E74\uFF08\u5929\u660E7\u5E74\uFF09\u8216\u7DB1\u53BB\u4E16\u5F8C\u7E7C\u627F\u5BB6\u7763\u4E4B\u4F4D\u3002 \u660C\u7DB1\u81EA\u5E7C\u6709\u6536\u96C6\u53E4\u9322\u5E63\u7684\u8208\u8DA3\uFF0C\u6709\u300C\u53E4\u9322\u5BB6\u4E4B\u738B\u8005\u300D\u7684\u7A31\u865F\u3002\u6700\u521D\u4ED6\u50C5\u6536\u96C6\u65E5\u672C\u548C\u4E2D\u570B\u7684\u53E4\u9322\u5E63\uFF0C\u5F8C\u958B\u59CB\u6536\u96C6\u6B50\u6D32\u570B\u5BB6\u7684\u9322\u5E63\uFF0C\u4E26\u5C0D\u6B50\u6D32\u958B\u59CB\u611F\u8208\u8DA3\uFF0C\u958B\u59CB\u7814\u7A76\u4E16\u754C\u5730\u7406\u30021772\u5E74\uFF08\u5B89\u6C38\u5143\u5E74\uFF09\uFF0C\u4ED6\u62DC\u70BA\u5E2B\u5B78\u7FD2\u862D\u5B78\uFF0C\u540C\u9580\u5E2B\u5144\u5F1F\u6709\u6749\u7530\u7384\u767D\u3001\u3001\u3001\u3001\u53F8\u99AC\u6C5F\u6F22\u7B49\u8457\u540D\u4EBA\u7269\u3002\u5176\u4E2D\u958B\u59CB\u5B78\u7FD2\u8377\u862D\u8A9E\uFF0C\u4E26\u8207\u8377\u862D\u5546\u9928\u9928\u9577\u8482\u9032\u6210\u70BA\u670B\u53CB\uFF0C\u5F9E\u4ED6\u90A3\u88CF\u5F97\u5230\u4E86\u8A31\u591A\u897F\u6D0B\u66F8\u7C4D\u548C\u9322\u5E63\u3002\u53E6\u5916\uFF0C\u4ED6\u62DC\u7FA9\u5144\u677E\u5E73\u4E0D\u6627\u70BA\u5E2B\u5B78\u7FD2\u8336\u9053\uFF0C\u53C8\u8207\u756B\u5BB6\u9152\u4E95\u62B1\u4E00\u4E92\u76F8\u4EA4\u6D41\u3002\u8207\u5176\u5728\u6587\u5316\u4E0A\u7684\u9020\u8A63\u76F8\u6BD4\uFF0C\u4ED6\u5728\u653F\u6CBB\u4E0A\u6BEB\u7121\u4F5C\u70BA\u3002 1800\u5E74\uFF08\u5BEC\u653F12\u5E74\uFF09\u8B93\u4F4D\u7D66\u990A\u5B50\u4E26\u96B1\u5C45\uFF0C\u96A8\u5F8C\u5243\u9AEE\u51FA\u5BB6\uFF0C\u7A31\u8FD1\u6C5F\u5165\u9053\u3002\u4ED6\u56DE\u5230\u6C5F\u6236\uFF0C\u5F8C\u65BC1802\u5E74\uFF08\u4EAB\u548C2\u5E74\uFF09\u53BB\u4E16\uFF0C\u4EAB\u5E7453\u6B72\u3002"@zh . . "14958867"^^ . . . . . . . "Kutsuki Masatsuna (\u673D\u6728 \u660C \u7DB1, 5 de marzo de 1750 - 18 de mayo de 1802), tambi\u00E9n conocido como Kutsuki Oki-no kami Minamoto-no Masatsuna, fue un daimy\u014D japon\u00E9s, heredero de Oki y \u014Cmi con participaciones en Tanba y Fukuchiyama.\u200B Su clan guerrero estaba entre los vasallos hereditarios de la familia Tokugawa (los fudai) en el per\u00EDodo Edo. Su nombre de ni\u00F1o era Tomojiro (\u65A7 \u6B21\u90CE). Masatsuna era un matem\u00E1tico y un gran estudiante de cualquier informaci\u00F3n disponible en ese momento sobre Occidente. Como la mayor\u00EDa del material impreso solo estaba disponible en el idioma neerland\u00E9s, tales estudios se llamaban com\u00FAnmente \"aprendizaje holand\u00E9s\" (rangaku).\u200B El japon\u00F3logo holand\u00E9s Isaac Titsingh consider\u00F3 que Masatsuna hab\u00EDa sido su mejor amigo mientras estaba en Jap\u00F3n, y su correspondencia continu\u00F3 despu\u00E9s de que Titsingh dejara por \u00FAltima vez a Dejima. La carta sobreviviente m\u00E1s antigua de Masatsuna a Titsingh data de 1789;\u200B y esta carta menciona amigos en com\u00FAn como Shimazu Shigehide (el suegro del und\u00E9cimo sh\u014Dgun, Tokugawa Ienari) y Kuze Hirotami (el gobernador del puerto de Nagasaki).\u200B Masatsuna y Titsingh compartieron un inter\u00E9s en la numism\u00E1tica. Despu\u00E9s de que Titsingh fuera reasignado de Jap\u00F3n en 1784, envi\u00F3 paquetes de monedas de la India, cobres holandeses, as\u00ED como monedas de la India, Rusia, Turqu\u00EDa y \u00C1frica. Titsingh a su vez recibi\u00F3 monedas japonesas y chinas como regalos. Masatsuna fue autor de varios tratados sobre numism\u00E1tica. Fue el primero en Jap\u00F3n en hacer circular un libro sobre monedas no japonesas con impresiones tomadas de monedas reales obtenidas de comerciantes occidentales. La colecci\u00F3n de monedas de Masatsuna se trajo al Reino Unido en el siglo XIX y ahora se encuentra en el Museo Brit\u00E1nico y el Museo Ashmolean."@es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u673D\u6728\u660C\u7DB1"@zh . . . "\uCFE0\uCE20\uD0A4 \uB9C8\uC0AC\uCE20\uB098 (\uC77C\uBCF8\uC5B4: \u673D\u6728\u660C\u7DB1 \u304F\u3064\u304D \u307E\u3055\u3064\u306A[*])\uB294 \uD0C4\uBC14\uAD6D \uD6C4\uCFE0\uCE58\uC57C\uB9C8\uBC88 8\uB300 \uBC88\uC8FC\uC774\uC790, 9\uB300 \uB2F9\uC8FC\uC774\uB2E4. \uB09C\uD559\uC5D0 \uC758\uD55C \uC720\uB7FD \uC9C0\uB9AC \uBC0F \uC138\uACC4 \uC9C0\uB9AC \uC5F0\uAD6C\uC790\uC774\uC790 \uD654\uD3D0 \uC5F0\uAD6C\uAC00\uC774\uB2E4."@ko . "Kutsuki Masatsuna (\u673D\u6728 \u660C \u7DB1, 5 de marzo de 1750 - 18 de mayo de 1802), tambi\u00E9n conocido como Kutsuki Oki-no kami Minamoto-no Masatsuna, fue un daimy\u014D japon\u00E9s, heredero de Oki y \u014Cmi con participaciones en Tanba y Fukuchiyama.\u200B Su clan guerrero estaba entre los vasallos hereditarios de la familia Tokugawa (los fudai) en el per\u00EDodo Edo. Su nombre de ni\u00F1o era Tomojiro (\u65A7 \u6B21\u90CE). Masatsuna fue autor de varios tratados sobre numism\u00E1tica. Fue el primero en Jap\u00F3n en hacer circular un libro sobre monedas no japonesas con impresiones tomadas de monedas reales obtenidas de comerciantes occidentales."@es . . . . "\uCFE0\uCE20\uD0A4 \uB9C8\uC0AC\uCE20\uB098 (\uC77C\uBCF8\uC5B4: \u673D\u6728\u660C\u7DB1 \u304F\u3064\u304D \u307E\u3055\u3064\u306A[*])\uB294 \uD0C4\uBC14\uAD6D \uD6C4\uCFE0\uCE58\uC57C\uB9C8\uBC88 8\uB300 \uBC88\uC8FC\uC774\uC790, 9\uB300 \uB2F9\uC8FC\uC774\uB2E4. \uB09C\uD559\uC5D0 \uC758\uD55C \uC720\uB7FD \uC9C0\uB9AC \uBC0F \uC138\uACC4 \uC9C0\uB9AC \uC5F0\uAD6C\uC790\uC774\uC790 \uD654\uD3D0 \uC5F0\uAD6C\uAC00\uC774\uB2E4."@ko . . . "Kutsuki Masatsuna"@es . . "Kutsuki Masatsuna (\u673D\u6728 \u660C\u7DB1, 5 mars 1750-18 mai 1802), aussi connu sous le nom Kutsuki Oki-no kami Minamoto-no Masatsuna, est un daimyo des provinces d'Oki et \u014Cmi avec des possessions dans la province de Tamba et \u00E0 Fukuchiyama. Son clan fait partie des vassaux h\u00E9r\u00E9ditaires de la famille Tokugawa (des fudai) \u00E0 l'\u00E9poque d'Edo."@fr . "Kutsuki Masatsuna"@en . . . . . "Kutsuki Masatsuna"@fr . . "1124187993"^^ . . . . "\u673D\u6728 \u660C\u7DB1\uFF08\u304F\u3064\u304D \u307E\u3055\u3064\u306A\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u4E39\u6CE2\u56FD\u798F\u77E5\u5C71\u85E9\u306E\u7B2C8\u4EE3\u85E9\u4E3B\u3002\u798F\u77E5\u5C71\u85E9\u673D\u6728\u5BB69\u4EE3\u3002\u862D\u5B66\u306B\u3088\u308B\u30E8\u30FC\u30ED\u30C3\u30D1\u5730\u8A8C\u30FB\u4E16\u754C\u5730\u7406\u306E\u7814\u7A76\u8005\u3002\u8CA8\u5E63\u7814\u7A76\u5BB6\u3002"@ja . . "Kutsuki Masatsuna (\u673D\u6728 \u660C\u7DB1, 5 mars 1750-18 mai 1802), aussi connu sous le nom Kutsuki Oki-no kami Minamoto-no Masatsuna, est un daimyo des provinces d'Oki et \u014Cmi avec des possessions dans la province de Tamba et \u00E0 Fukuchiyama. Son clan fait partie des vassaux h\u00E9r\u00E9ditaires de la famille Tokugawa (des fudai) \u00E0 l'\u00E9poque d'Edo."@fr . . "\u673D\u6728 \u660C\u7DB1\uFF08\u304F\u3064\u304D \u307E\u3055\u3064\u306A\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u4E39\u6CE2\u56FD\u798F\u77E5\u5C71\u85E9\u306E\u7B2C8\u4EE3\u85E9\u4E3B\u3002\u798F\u77E5\u5C71\u85E9\u673D\u6728\u5BB69\u4EE3\u3002\u862D\u5B66\u306B\u3088\u308B\u30E8\u30FC\u30ED\u30C3\u30D1\u5730\u8A8C\u30FB\u4E16\u754C\u5730\u7406\u306E\u7814\u7A76\u8005\u3002\u8CA8\u5E63\u7814\u7A76\u5BB6\u3002"@ja . . . . . . . . "\u673D\u6728\u660C\u7DB1"@ja . . . . "Kutsuki Masatsuna (\u673D\u6728 \u660C\u7DB1, March 5, 1750 \u2013 May 18, 1802), also known as Kutsuki Oki-no kami Minamoto-no Masatsuna, was a hereditary Japanese daimy\u014D of Oki and \u014Cmi with holdings in Tanba and Fukuchiyama. His warrior clan was amongst the hereditary vassals of the Tokugawa family (the fudai) in the Edo period. His childhood name was Tomojiro (\u65A7\u6B21\u90CE). Masatsuna was a polymath and a keen student of whatever information was available at that time concerning the West. Since most printed material was only available in the Dutch language, such studies were commonly called \"Dutch learning\" (rangaku)."@en . . . . "\u673D\u6728\u660C\u7DB1\uFF08\u65E5\u8BED\uFF1A\u673D\u6728 \u660C\u7DB1\uFF0F\u304F\u3064\u304D \u307E\u3055\u3064\u306A Kutsuki Masatsuna\uFF0C1750\u5E743\u67085\u65E5\uFF0D1802\u5E745\u670818\u65E5\uFF09\uFF0C\u65E5\u672C\u6C5F\u6236\u6642\u4EE3\u4E2D\u671F\u81F3\u672B\u671F\u7684\u5927\u540D\uFF0C\u798F\u77E5\u5C71\u85E9\u7B2C8\u4EE3\u85E9\u4E3B\u3001\u798F\u77E5\u5C71\u85E9\u673D\u6728\u5BB6\u7B2C9\u4EE3\u5BB6\u7763\u3002\u4ED6\u4E5F\u662F\u4E00\u4F4D\u862D\u5B78\u5BB6\u3001\u6B50\u6D32\u5730\u8A8C\u7814\u7A76\u8005\u3001\u4E16\u754C\u5730\u7406\u7814\u7A76\u8005\u548C\u8CA8\u5E63\u7814\u7A76\u5BB6\u3002 \u673D\u6728\u660C\u7DB1\u662F\u7B2C6\u4EE3\u85E9\u4E3B\u7684\u9577\u5B50\uFF0C\u51FA\u751F\u5728\u6C5F\u6236\u30021776\u5E74\uFF08\u5B89\u6C385\u5E74\uFF09\u6210\u70BA\u7B2C7\u4EE3\u85E9\u4E3B\u7684\u990A\u5B50\u30021787\u5E74\uFF08\u5929\u660E7\u5E74\uFF09\u8216\u7DB1\u53BB\u4E16\u5F8C\u7E7C\u627F\u5BB6\u7763\u4E4B\u4F4D\u3002 \u660C\u7DB1\u81EA\u5E7C\u6709\u6536\u96C6\u53E4\u9322\u5E63\u7684\u8208\u8DA3\uFF0C\u6709\u300C\u53E4\u9322\u5BB6\u4E4B\u738B\u8005\u300D\u7684\u7A31\u865F\u3002\u6700\u521D\u4ED6\u50C5\u6536\u96C6\u65E5\u672C\u548C\u4E2D\u570B\u7684\u53E4\u9322\u5E63\uFF0C\u5F8C\u958B\u59CB\u6536\u96C6\u6B50\u6D32\u570B\u5BB6\u7684\u9322\u5E63\uFF0C\u4E26\u5C0D\u6B50\u6D32\u958B\u59CB\u611F\u8208\u8DA3\uFF0C\u958B\u59CB\u7814\u7A76\u4E16\u754C\u5730\u7406\u30021772\u5E74\uFF08\u5B89\u6C38\u5143\u5E74\uFF09\uFF0C\u4ED6\u62DC\u70BA\u5E2B\u5B78\u7FD2\u862D\u5B78\uFF0C\u540C\u9580\u5E2B\u5144\u5F1F\u6709\u6749\u7530\u7384\u767D\u3001\u3001\u3001\u3001\u53F8\u99AC\u6C5F\u6F22\u7B49\u8457\u540D\u4EBA\u7269\u3002\u5176\u4E2D\u958B\u59CB\u5B78\u7FD2\u8377\u862D\u8A9E\uFF0C\u4E26\u8207\u8377\u862D\u5546\u9928\u9928\u9577\u8482\u9032\u6210\u70BA\u670B\u53CB\uFF0C\u5F9E\u4ED6\u90A3\u88CF\u5F97\u5230\u4E86\u8A31\u591A\u897F\u6D0B\u66F8\u7C4D\u548C\u9322\u5E63\u3002\u53E6\u5916\uFF0C\u4ED6\u62DC\u7FA9\u5144\u677E\u5E73\u4E0D\u6627\u70BA\u5E2B\u5B78\u7FD2\u8336\u9053\uFF0C\u53C8\u8207\u756B\u5BB6\u9152\u4E95\u62B1\u4E00\u4E92\u76F8\u4EA4\u6D41\u3002\u8207\u5176\u5728\u6587\u5316\u4E0A\u7684\u9020\u8A63\u76F8\u6BD4\uFF0C\u4ED6\u5728\u653F\u6CBB\u4E0A\u6BEB\u7121\u4F5C\u70BA\u3002 1800\u5E74\uFF08\u5BEC\u653F12\u5E74\uFF09\u8B93\u4F4D\u7D66\u990A\u5B50\u4E26\u96B1\u5C45\uFF0C\u96A8\u5F8C\u5243\u9AEE\u51FA\u5BB6\uFF0C\u7A31\u8FD1\u6C5F\u5165\u9053\u3002\u4ED6\u56DE\u5230\u6C5F\u6236\uFF0C\u5F8C\u65BC1802\u5E74\uFF08\u4EAB\u548C2\u5E74\uFF09\u53BB\u4E16\uFF0C\u4EAB\u5E7453\u6B72\u3002"@zh . . . . "\uCFE0\uCE20\uD0A4 \uB9C8\uC0AC\uCE20\uB098"@ko . . . . . "8578"^^ .