"Szlachetny i \u015Awi\u0119ty Zakon Rycerzy Pracy (ang. Noble and Holy Order of the Knights of Labor) - najwi\u0119ksza XIX-wieczna ameryka\u0144ska organizacja zwi\u0105zkowa za\u0142o\u017Cona w 1869 roku przez . Oko\u0142o 1900 zosta\u0142a wyparta przez American Federation of Labor."@pl . . . . "May 2017"@en . . . . . . . "Knights of Labor"@it . . . . "Knights of Labor (K of L), officially Noble and Holy Order of the Knights of Labor, was an American labor federation active in the late 19th century, especially the 1880s. It operated in the United States as well in Canada, and had chapters also in Great Britain and Australia. Its most important leader was Terence V. Powderly. The Knights promoted the social and cultural uplift of the worker, and demanded the eight-hour day. In some cases it acted as a labor union, negotiating with employers, but it was never well organized or funded. It was notable in its ambition to organize across lines of gender and race and in the inclusion of both skilled and unskilled labor. After a rapid expansion in the mid-1880s, it suddenly lost its new members and became a small operation again. The Knights of Labor had served, however, as the first mass organization of the white working class of the United States. It was founded by Uriah Stephens on December 28, 1869, reached 28,000 members in 1880, then jumped to 100,000 in 1884. By 1886, 20% of all workers were affiliated, nearly 800,000 members. Its frail organizational structure could not cope as it was battered by charges of failure and violence and calumnies of the association with the Haymarket Square riot. Most members abandoned the movement in 1886\u20131887, leaving at most 100,000 in 1890. Many opted to join groups that helped to identify their specific needs, instead of the KOL which addressed many different types of issues. The Panic of 1893 terminated the Knights of Labor's importance. Remnants of the Knights of Labor continued in existence until 1949, when the group's last 50-member local dropped its affiliation."@en . . . . . "Knights of Labor (K of L), officially Noble and Holy Order of the Knights of Labor, was an American labor federation active in the late 19th century, especially the 1880s. It operated in the United States as well in Canada, and had chapters also in Great Britain and Australia. Its most important leader was Terence V. Powderly. The Knights promoted the social and cultural uplift of the worker, and demanded the eight-hour day. In some cases it acted as a labor union, negotiating with employers, but it was never well organized or funded. It was notable in its ambition to organize across lines of gender and race and in the inclusion of both skilled and unskilled labor. After a rapid expansion in the mid-1880s, it suddenly lost its new members and became a small operation again. The Knights of "@en . . . . . . "Chevaliers du travail"@fr . . . . . . . . "The Knights of Labor (K of L), officiellt Noble and Holy Order of the Knights of Labor, var ett arbetarf\u00F6rbund som stiftades i Philadelphia den 24 november 1869 av Uriah Smith Stephens (1821\u20131882), till yrket skr\u00E4ddare. F\u00F6rbundets syfte var att i ett br\u00F6draskap samla alla slag av arbetarf\u00F6reningar och alla arter av arbete. Det skulle undvika de egentliga fackf\u00F6reningarnas yrkesaristokrati och anta \u00E4ven den ol\u00E4rde (unskilled) grovarbetaren. Kvinnor skulle i allt vara likst\u00E4llda med m\u00E4n. Utan att avst\u00E5 fr\u00E5n sin karakt\u00E4r av verklig arbetarf\u00F6rening skulle f\u00F6rbundet \u00E4ven vara \u00F6ppet f\u00F6r icke kroppsarbetare och p\u00E5 s\u00E5 s\u00E4tt \"bygga en bro mellan dem, som arbetar med tanken och med handen\". I b\u00F6rjan var denna orden str\u00E4ngt hemlig; dess namn fick aldrig n\u00E4mnas; den betecknades inf\u00F6r v\u00E4rlden med *****. Men 1881, d\u00E5 \"de fem stj\u00E4rnorna\" fr\u00E5n att ha b\u00F6rjat med nio medlemmar redan omfattade 80 000 m\u00E4n och kvinnor, tr\u00E4dde den fram ur dunklet, och allm\u00E4nheten erh\u00F6ll k\u00E4nnedom om det v\u00E4sentliga i dess stadgar, ehuru f\u00F6rbundet alltj\u00E4mt var en hemliga orden. Till medlem kunde upptas envar kvinna, som fyllt sexton \u00E5r, och man, som fyllt arton; intr\u00E4de var dock f\u00F6rv\u00E4grat advokater, bankirer, yrkesm\u00E4ssiga spelare, b\u00F6rsspekulanter samt envar, som befattade sig med tillverkning eller f\u00F6rs\u00E4ljning av rusdrycker eller drog inkomst fr\u00E5n s\u00E5dan f\u00F6rs\u00E4ljning. Det skulle \u00E4ven iakttas, att \u00E5tminstone tre fj\u00E4rdedelar av varje loge (\"Local Assembly\") skulle utg\u00F6ras av kroppsarbetare eller farmare. \u00D6ver logerna stod \"distriktf\u00F6rsamlingarna\", valda av minst fem loger. Distriktf\u00F6rsamlingarna uts\u00E5g de delegerade, som bildade \"generalf\u00F6rsamlingen\", vilken var ordens h\u00F6gsta domstol, vakade \u00F6ver dess \"grundlag\" och f\u00F6rordnade om bland annat l\u00F6senord och handgrepp vid h\u00E4lsning. Ordens storm\u00E4stare bar titeln Grand Master Workman (\"arbetarestorm\u00E4staren\") och var fr\u00E4mste medlemmen i den av fem medlemmar best\u00E5ende \"exekutivkommitt\u00E9\", vars beslut satte hela det levande maskineriet i r\u00F6relse. Under sin blomstringstid (1883\u201386) hade orden n\u00E4rmare en miljon medlemmar. Dess program, vilket visade sig \u00E4ga en underbar makt att locka de arbetande massorna under \"Riddarnas\" fanor, var av huvudsakligen praktisk natur och innefattade i sig, utom n\u00E5gra allm\u00E4nna yrkanden r\u00F6rande statens myntsystem m.m., den moderna arbetarfr\u00E5gans flesta krav p\u00E5 lagstiftningens ingripande samt kunde lika v\u00E4l ha utf\u00E4rdats av fackf\u00F6reningarna. Skillnaden l\u00E5g egentligen i den f\u00F6r alla slag av arbetare, \u00E4ven icke kroppsarbetare, \u00F6ppnade organisationen. \"Riddarna\" fick d\u00E4rf\u00F6r redan fr\u00E5n b\u00F6rjan att k\u00E4mpa \u00E5 ena sidan mot fackf\u00F6reningarna, vilka fruktade f\u00F6r sin maktst\u00E4llning, \u00E5 den andra mot de rent socialistiska f\u00F6reningarna. Vid den stora strejk, som 1886 utbr\u00F6t bland unionens j\u00E4rnv\u00E4gsarbetare, invecklades visserligen \"Arbetets riddare\", men drog sig tack vare sin d\u00E5varande kraftfulle chef, Terence V. Powderley (1849\u20131924), ifr\u00E5n de anarkistiska elementen, som br\u00E4nde bang\u00E5rdarna i Saint Louis och Chicago och anst\u00E4llde stor f\u00F6r\u00F6delse p\u00E5 flera andra st\u00E4llen. \"Riddarna\" synas fr\u00E5n den tiden mera ha avl\u00E4gsnat sig fr\u00E5n tyska och andra fr\u00E4mmande medlemmar och st\u00E4llt sig p\u00E5 nationell grund. Powderley avgick 1893. Redan under de senare \u00E5ren av hans f\u00F6rvaltning hade ordens ekonomi r\u00E5kat i l\u00E4gervall och antalet medlemmar sjunkit; \u00E5r 1900 var de 130 000. Under 1900-talet avtynade f\u00F6rbundet alltmer; ett huvudkontor fanns till 1917 och kongresser h\u00F6lls till 1932. N\u00E5gra lokalavdelningar fanns kvar till 1949."@sv . "Knights of Labor"@de . "Il Nobile e Sacro Ordine dei Cavalieri del Lavoro (inglese \"Noble and Holy Order of the Knights of Labor\") \u00E8 stata la pi\u00F9 grande e una delle pi\u00F9 importanti organizzazioni dei lavoratori americani degli anni ottanta del XIX secolo. Il principale leader fu . I Cavalieri promuovevano lo sviluppo sociale e culturale dei lavoratori, rifiutando socialismo e radicalismo, rivendicando la giornata lavorativa di otto ore e promuovendo l'ideologia repubblicana degli Stati Uniti. In alcuni casi ag\u00EC come un sindacato, negoziando coi datori di lavoro ma non fu mai strutturalmente organizzata, e dopo una rapida espansione intorno alla met\u00E0 degli anni ottanta, perse rapidamente i suoi nuovi membri e torn\u00F2 a pi\u00F9 modeste dimensioni. Fu fondata nel 1869, raggiunse 28.000 membri nel 1880 e balz\u00F2 a 100.000 nel 1885. Successivamente crebbe fino ai 700.000 membri nel 1886 ma la sua fragile struttura organizzativa non riusc\u00EC a resistere alle sconfitte e alla repressione governativa. La maggioranza degli iscritti abbandon\u00F2 l'organizzazione nel biennio 1886-87, riducendola a 100.000 membri nel 1890. I resti dei Cavalieri del Lavoro sopravvissero fino al 1949, quando gli ultimi iscritti sciolsero l'organizzazione."@it . . . . "\uB178\uB3D9\uAE30\uC0AC\uB2E8"@ko . . . . "Le Noble and Holy Order of the Knights of Labor (\u00AB Noble et saint ordre des chevaliers du travail \u00BB) est une organisation de d\u00E9fense ouvri\u00E8re pr\u00E9-syndicale qui exista de 1869 \u00E0 1949 aux \u00C9tats-Unis. Elle s'inspirait du mod\u00E8le ma\u00E7onnique et des compagnonnages. Elle op\u00E9ra de mani\u00E8re secr\u00E8te jusqu'en 1878, puis connut un d\u00E9veloppement important jusqu'en 1886. Elle d\u00E9clina les ann\u00E9es suivantes victime de la concurrence de la F\u00E9d\u00E9ration am\u00E9ricaine du travail (AFL) et de la r\u00E9pression patronale. Ses derni\u00E8res loges disparurent apr\u00E8s la Seconde Guerre mondiale, mais elle \u00E9tait marginale d\u00E8s le d\u00E9but du XXe si\u00E8cle."@fr . . . . . "\uACE0\uADC0 \uC2E0\uC131 \uB178\uB3D9\uAE30\uC0AC\uB2E8(Noble and Holy Order of the Knights of Labor), \uC57D\uCE6D \uB178\uB3D9\uAE30\uC0AC\uB2E8(Knights of Labor; KOL)\uC740 1880\uB144\uB300 \uBBF8\uAD6D\uC5D0\uC11C \uAC00\uC7A5 \uD06C\uACE0 \uAC00\uC7A5 \uC911\uC694\uD588\uB358 \uB178\uB3D9\uC790 \uB2E8\uCCB4\uB2E4. \uC8FC\uC694 \uC9C0\uB3C4\uC790\uB294 \uB2E4. KOL\uC740 \uC0AC\uD68C\uC8FC\uC758\uB098 \uBB34\uC815\uBD80\uC8FC\uC758\uB97C \uAC70\uBD80\uD558\uBA74\uC11C \uB178\uB3D9\uC790\uC758 \uC0AC\uD68C\uBB38\uD654\uC801 \uBCF5\uC9C0 \uD5A5\uC0C1\uC744 \uAF80\uD588\uB2E4. 8\uC2DC\uAC04 \uB178\uB3D9\uC81C\uB97C \uC694\uAD6C\uD558\uACE0, \uC0DD\uC0B0\uC790 \uC724\uB9AC\uB97C \uC639\uD638\uD588\uB2E4. \uBA87\uBA87 \uACBD\uC6B0 \uAE30\uC5C5\uC8FC\uC640 \uAD50\uC12D\uC744 \uD558\uBA70 \uB178\uB3D9\uC870\uD569\uC758 \uC5ED\uD560\uC744 \uD558\uAE30\uB3C4 \uD588\uC9C0\uB9CC, \uC81C\uB300\uB85C \uC870\uC9C1\uD654\uB41C \uC801\uC740 \uD55C \uBC88\uB3C4 \uC5C6\uC5C8\uAE30\uC5D0 \uB178\uC870\uB77C\uACE0 \uBD80\uB974\uAE30\uB294 \uC5B4\uD3D0\uAC00 \uC788\uB2E4. 1869\uB144 12\uC6D4 28\uC77C \uAC00 \uC124\uB9BD\uD588\uB2E4. 1880\uB144 \uB2E8\uC6D0 \uC218\uB294 2\uB9CC 8,000 \uBA85\uC774\uC5C8\uB294\uB370, 1884\uB144\uC5D0\uB294 10\uB9CC \uBA85\uC73C\uB85C \uD6CC\uCA4D \uB6F0\uC5C8\uACE0, 1886\uB144\uC5D0\uB294 \uAC70\uC758 80\uB9CC \uBA85\uC5D0 \uAC00\uAE4C\uC6B8 \uC815\uB3C4\uB85C \uD33D\uCC3D\uD588\uB2E4. \uD558\uC9C0\uB9CC \uC81C\uB300\uB85C \uC870\uC9C1\uD654\uB418\uC9C0 \uC54A\uC740 \uC870\uC9C1\uC758 \uD2B9\uC131\uC0C1 \uD5E4\uC774\uB9C8\uCF13 \uC0AC\uAC74\uC5D0 \uAD00\uB828\uB418\uC5B4 \uC695\uC744 \uBA39\uB294 \uAC83\uC5D0 \uC81C\uB300\uB85C \uB300\uCC98\uD558\uC9C0 \uBABB\uD588\uACE0, 1886\uB144\uC5D0\uC11C 1887\uB144 \uC0AC\uC774\uC5D0 \uB2E8\uC6D0 \uB300\uB2E4\uC218\uAC00 \uD0C8\uD1F4\uD558\uC5EC 1890\uB144\uC5D0\uB294 10\uB9CC \uBA85\uC73C\uB85C \uB2E4\uC2DC \uCABC\uADF8\uB77C\uB4E4\uC5C8\uB2E4. 1893\uB144 \uACF5\uD669\uC73C\uB85C KOL\uC758 \uAE30\uB2A5\uC740 \uC644\uC804\uD788 \uB05D\uC7A5\uB0AC\uB2E4. KOL\uC758 \uC794\uC5EC \uC138\uB825\uC740 1949\uB144\uAE4C\uC9C0 \uC874\uC7AC\uD588\uC9C0\uB9CC, \uD574\uCCB4 \uB2F9\uC2DC \uC870\uD569\uC6D0 \uC218\uB294 50\uC5EC \uBA85\uC5D0 \uBD88\uACFC\uD588\uB2E4."@ko . . . . . . . . . . . "Knights of Labor"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "17387"^^ . "Il Nobile e Sacro Ordine dei Cavalieri del Lavoro (inglese \"Noble and Holy Order of the Knights of Labor\") \u00E8 stata la pi\u00F9 grande e una delle pi\u00F9 importanti organizzazioni dei lavoratori americani degli anni ottanta del XIX secolo. Il principale leader fu . I Cavalieri promuovevano lo sviluppo sociale e culturale dei lavoratori, rifiutando socialismo e radicalismo, rivendicando la giornata lavorativa di otto ore e promuovendo l'ideologia repubblicana degli Stati Uniti. In alcuni casi ag\u00EC come un sindacato, negoziando coi datori di lavoro ma non fu mai strutturalmente organizzata, e dopo una rapida espansione intorno alla met\u00E0 degli anni ottanta, perse rapidamente i suoi nuovi membri e torn\u00F2 a pi\u00F9 modeste dimensioni."@it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Le Noble and Holy Order of the Knights of Labor (\u00AB Noble et saint ordre des chevaliers du travail \u00BB) est une organisation de d\u00E9fense ouvri\u00E8re pr\u00E9-syndicale qui exista de 1869 \u00E0 1949 aux \u00C9tats-Unis. Elle s'inspirait du mod\u00E8le ma\u00E7onnique et des compagnonnages. Elle op\u00E9ra de mani\u00E8re secr\u00E8te jusqu'en 1878, puis connut un d\u00E9veloppement important jusqu'en 1886. Elle d\u00E9clina les ann\u00E9es suivantes victime de la concurrence de la F\u00E9d\u00E9ration am\u00E9ricaine du travail (AFL) et de la r\u00E9pression patronale. Ses derni\u00E8res loges disparurent apr\u00E8s la Seconde Guerre mondiale, mais elle \u00E9tait marginale d\u00E8s le d\u00E9but du XXe si\u00E8cle."@fr . . . . . . . . "Knights of Labor"@sv . "InternetArchiveBot"@en . "\u041E\u0440\u0434\u0435\u043D \u0440\u044B\u0446\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0439 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u0430"@ru . "\u00AB\u041E\u0440\u0434\u0435\u043D \u0440\u044B\u0446\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0439 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u0430\u00BB, \u00AB\u0411\u043B\u0430\u0433\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0434\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0438 \u0441\u0432\u044F\u0442\u043E\u0439 \u043E\u0440\u0434\u0435\u043D \u0440\u044B\u0446\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0439 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u0430\u00BB (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. The Noble and Holy Order of the Knights of Labor) \u2014 \u043D\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043F\u0440\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0451\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E, \u0433\u043B\u0430\u0432\u043D\u044B\u043C \u043E\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043E\u043C \u0432 \u0421\u0428\u0410, \u043E\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0441\u043E\u044E\u0437\u0430 (\u043E\u0440\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0430), \u0438\u043C\u0435\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043E \u0446\u0435\u043B\u044C\u044E \u0443\u043B\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0436\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u043A\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043E\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043E \u043A\u043B\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430. \u0422\u0430\u043A\u0436\u0435 \u0420\u044B\u0446\u0430\u0440\u044F\u043C\u0438 \u0422\u0440\u0443\u0434\u0430 \u043D\u0430\u0437\u044B\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0438 \u0447\u043B\u0435\u043D\u043E\u0432 \u044D\u0442\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0441\u043E\u044E\u0437\u0430. \u041F\u043E\u0441\u043B\u0435\u0434\u043D\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u043C\u043E\u0433\u043B\u0438 \u0431\u044B\u0442\u044C \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0441\u043E\u0447\u0443\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044E\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0446\u0435\u043B\u044F\u043C \u043E\u0440\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043B\u0438\u0447\u0438\u044F \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0430, \u043D\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043E\u043D\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0440\u0430\u0441\u044B, \u0440\u0435\u043B\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0438, \u043F\u043E\u0434\u0434\u0430\u043D\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u043C\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438, \u043A\u043B\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0436\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F, \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043D\u0430\u0434\u043B\u0435\u0436\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043A \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u043E\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u0441\u043E\u044E\u0437\u0443, \u043A \u0442\u043E\u0439 \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u0438\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u043F\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0438. \u0421\u043E\u044E\u0437 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043B \u0441 1869 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430 \u043F\u043E 1949 \u0433\u043E\u0434, \u043A\u043E\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043F\u043E\u0441\u043B\u0435\u0434\u043D\u0438\u0435 50 \u0447\u043B\u0435\u043D\u043E\u0432 \u0441\u043E\u044E\u0437\u0430 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u043A\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043B\u0438 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0451\u043C \u0432 \u043E\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044E."@ru . . . . . . . . . . "The Knights of Labor (K of L), officiellt Noble and Holy Order of the Knights of Labor, var ett arbetarf\u00F6rbund som stiftades i Philadelphia den 24 november 1869 av Uriah Smith Stephens (1821\u20131882), till yrket skr\u00E4ddare. F\u00F6rbundets syfte var att i ett br\u00F6draskap samla alla slag av arbetarf\u00F6reningar och alla arter av arbete. Det skulle undvika de egentliga fackf\u00F6reningarnas yrkesaristokrati och anta \u00E4ven den ol\u00E4rde (unskilled) grovarbetaren. Kvinnor skulle i allt vara likst\u00E4llda med m\u00E4n. Utan att avst\u00E5 fr\u00E5n sin karakt\u00E4r av verklig arbetarf\u00F6rening skulle f\u00F6rbundet \u00E4ven vara \u00F6ppet f\u00F6r icke kroppsarbetare och p\u00E5 s\u00E5 s\u00E4tt \"bygga en bro mellan dem, som arbetar med tanken och med handen\"."@sv . . . . . . . . . . . "\u00AB\u041E\u0440\u0434\u0435\u043D \u0440\u044B\u0446\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0439 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u0430\u00BB, \u00AB\u0411\u043B\u0430\u0433\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0434\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0438 \u0441\u0432\u044F\u0442\u043E\u0439 \u043E\u0440\u0434\u0435\u043D \u0440\u044B\u0446\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0439 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u0430\u00BB (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. 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"Szlachetny i \u015Awi\u0119ty Zakon Rycerzy Pracy (ang. Noble and Holy Order of the Knights of Labor) - najwi\u0119ksza XIX-wieczna ameryka\u0144ska organizacja zwi\u0105zkowa za\u0142o\u017Cona w 1869 roku przez . Oko\u0142o 1900 zosta\u0142a wyparta przez American Federation of Labor."@pl . . . . . . . "\u039C\u03B5 \u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03BF\u03BD\u03BF\u03BC\u03B1\u03C3\u03AF\u03B1 \u0399\u03C0\u03C0\u03CC\u03C4\u03B5\u03C2 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u0395\u03C1\u03B3\u03B1\u03C3\u03AF\u03B1\u03C2, (Knights (of) Labor) (1869-1939) \u03C6\u03AD\u03C1\u03BF\u03BD\u03C4\u03B1\u03BD \u03C4\u03B1 \u03BC\u03AD\u03BB\u03B7 \u03BF\u03C1\u03B3\u03AC\u03BD\u03C9\u03C3\u03B7\u03C2 \u03BC\u03B5 \u03B1\u03C1\u03C7\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC \u03B5\u03C0\u03AF\u03C3\u03B7\u03BC\u03BF \u03CC\u03BD\u03BF\u03BC\u03AC \u0395\u03C5\u03B3\u03B5\u03BD\u03AD\u03C2 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u0386\u03B3\u03B9\u03BF \u03A4\u03AC\u03B3\u03BC\u03B1 \u03C4\u03C9\u03BD \u0399\u03C0\u03C0\u03BF\u03C4\u03CE\u03BD \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u0395\u03C1\u03B3\u03B1\u03C3\u03AF\u03B1\u03C2, \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C5\u03C0\u03AE\u03C1\u03BE\u03B5 \u03B7 \u03BC\u03B5\u03B3\u03B1\u03BB\u03CD\u03C4\u03B5\u03C1\u03B7 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03BC\u03AF\u03B1 \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03C4\u03B9\u03C2 \u03C3\u03B7\u03BC\u03B1\u03BD\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC\u03C4\u03B5\u03C1\u03B5\u03C2 \u03B1\u03BC\u03B5\u03C1\u03B9\u03BA\u03B1\u03BD\u03B9\u03BA\u03AD\u03C2 \u03B5\u03C1\u03B3\u03B1\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AD\u03C2 \u03BF\u03C1\u03B3\u03B1\u03BD\u03CE\u03C3\u03B5\u03B9\u03C2 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03B4\u03B5\u03BA\u03B1\u03B5\u03C4\u03AF\u03B1\u03C2 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 1880. \u039E\u03B5\u03BA\u03AF\u03BD\u03B7\u03C3\u03B5 \u03C9\u03C2 \u03BC\u03C5\u03C3\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03BF\u03C1\u03B3\u03AC\u03BD\u03C9\u03C3\u03B7 \u03C7\u03B5\u03B9\u03C1\u03B1\u03B3\u03CE\u03B3\u03B7\u03C3\u03B7\u03C2 \u03C4\u03C9\u03BD \u03B5\u03C1\u03B3\u03B1\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03CE\u03BD \u03B4\u03B9\u03BA\u03B1\u03B9\u03C9\u03BC\u03AC\u03C4\u03C9\u03BD \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C0\u03C1\u03BF\u03CE\u03B8\u03B7\u03C3\u03B7\u03C2 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03BA\u03BF\u03B9\u03BD\u03C9\u03BD\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE\u03C2 \u03B8\u03AD\u03C3\u03B7\u03C2 \u03C4\u03C9\u03BD \u03B5\u03C1\u03B3\u03B1\u03C4\u03CE\u03BD \u03B1\u03C0\u03BF\u03C1\u03C1\u03AF\u03C0\u03C4\u03BF\u03BD\u03C4\u03B1\u03C2 \u03C0\u03B1\u03C1\u03AC\u03BB\u03BB\u03B7\u03BB\u03B1 \u03C4\u03BF\u03BD \u03C3\u03BF\u03C3\u03B9\u03B1\u03BB\u03B9\u03C3\u03BC\u03CC \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C4\u03BF\u03BD \u03C1\u03B9\u03B6\u03BF\u03C3\u03C0\u03B1\u03C3\u03C4\u03B9\u03C3\u03BC\u03CC \u03BA\u03B1\u03C4\u03B1\u03BB\u03AE\u03B3\u03BF\u03BD\u03C4\u03B1\u03C2 \u03C3' \u03AD\u03BD\u03B1 \u03BA\u03C5\u03C1\u03AF\u03B1\u03C1\u03C7\u03BF \u03B5\u03C1\u03B3\u03B1\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC \u03BA\u03AF\u03BD\u03B7\u03BC\u03B1 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03B5\u03C0\u03BF\u03C7\u03AE\u03C2 \u03BC\u03B5 \u03B4\u03B7\u03BC\u03BF\u03BA\u03C1\u03B1\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC \u03BC\u03B1\u03BD\u03B4\u03CD\u03B1."@el . "October 2022"@en . "32514"^^ . . . "yes"@en . . "1123459597"^^ . . . "\u0399\u03C0\u03C0\u03CC\u03C4\u03B5\u03C2 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u0395\u03C1\u03B3\u03B1\u03C3\u03AF\u03B1\u03C2"@el . . . . . . . "Rycerze Pracy"@pl . . . . . . . "Die Knights of Labor (deutsch: Ritter der Arbeit), am 1. Januar 1869 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania gegr\u00FCndet, war eine der bedeutendsten amerikanischen Arbeiterorganisationen des 19. Jahrhunderts. Als eine Art geheime Bruderschaft, The Noble and Holy Order of the Knights of Labor genannt, wurde die Knights of Labor von sieben Mitgliedern des Schneiderhandwerks 1869 in Philadelphia, USA gegr\u00FCndet. Zwischen 1878 und 1881 wurde sie schrittweise f\u00FCr Menschen aller produzierenden Berufe ge\u00F6ffnet, nur Fabrikarbeiter sowie Gesch\u00E4ftsinhaber, Banker, Rechtsanw\u00E4lte, Spekulanten, B\u00F6rsenh\u00E4ndler und Schnapsh\u00E4ndler blieben ausgeschlossen. Dadurch und durch den Verzicht auf fr\u00FChere Geheimhaltungsrituale wuchsen die Gr\u00F6\u00DFe und der Einfluss der Organisation von 1878 rapide an. In ihrer erfolgreichsten Zeit "@de . . . . . . . "\u039C\u03B5 \u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03BF\u03BD\u03BF\u03BC\u03B1\u03C3\u03AF\u03B1 \u0399\u03C0\u03C0\u03CC\u03C4\u03B5\u03C2 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u0395\u03C1\u03B3\u03B1\u03C3\u03AF\u03B1\u03C2, (Knights (of) Labor) (1869-1939) \u03C6\u03AD\u03C1\u03BF\u03BD\u03C4\u03B1\u03BD \u03C4\u03B1 \u03BC\u03AD\u03BB\u03B7 \u03BF\u03C1\u03B3\u03AC\u03BD\u03C9\u03C3\u03B7\u03C2 \u03BC\u03B5 \u03B1\u03C1\u03C7\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC \u03B5\u03C0\u03AF\u03C3\u03B7\u03BC\u03BF \u03CC\u03BD\u03BF\u03BC\u03AC \u0395\u03C5\u03B3\u03B5\u03BD\u03AD\u03C2 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u0386\u03B3\u03B9\u03BF \u03A4\u03AC\u03B3\u03BC\u03B1 \u03C4\u03C9\u03BD \u0399\u03C0\u03C0\u03BF\u03C4\u03CE\u03BD \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u0395\u03C1\u03B3\u03B1\u03C3\u03AF\u03B1\u03C2, \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C5\u03C0\u03AE\u03C1\u03BE\u03B5 \u03B7 \u03BC\u03B5\u03B3\u03B1\u03BB\u03CD\u03C4\u03B5\u03C1\u03B7 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03BC\u03AF\u03B1 \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03C4\u03B9\u03C2 \u03C3\u03B7\u03BC\u03B1\u03BD\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC\u03C4\u03B5\u03C1\u03B5\u03C2 \u03B1\u03BC\u03B5\u03C1\u03B9\u03BA\u03B1\u03BD\u03B9\u03BA\u03AD\u03C2 \u03B5\u03C1\u03B3\u03B1\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AD\u03C2 \u03BF\u03C1\u03B3\u03B1\u03BD\u03CE\u03C3\u03B5\u03B9\u03C2 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03B4\u03B5\u03BA\u03B1\u03B5\u03C4\u03AF\u03B1\u03C2 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 1880. \u039E\u03B5\u03BA\u03AF\u03BD\u03B7\u03C3\u03B5 \u03C9\u03C2 \u03BC\u03C5\u03C3\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03BF\u03C1\u03B3\u03AC\u03BD\u03C9\u03C3\u03B7 \u03C7\u03B5\u03B9\u03C1\u03B1\u03B3\u03CE\u03B3\u03B7\u03C3\u03B7\u03C2 \u03C4\u03C9\u03BD \u03B5\u03C1\u03B3\u03B1\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03CE\u03BD \u03B4\u03B9\u03BA\u03B1\u03B9\u03C9\u03BC\u03AC\u03C4\u03C9\u03BD \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C0\u03C1\u03BF\u03CE\u03B8\u03B7\u03C3\u03B7\u03C2 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03BA\u03BF\u03B9\u03BD\u03C9\u03BD\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE\u03C2 \u03B8\u03AD\u03C3\u03B7\u03C2 \u03C4\u03C9\u03BD \u03B5\u03C1\u03B3\u03B1\u03C4\u03CE\u03BD \u03B1\u03C0\u03BF\u03C1\u03C1\u03AF\u03C0\u03C4\u03BF\u03BD\u03C4\u03B1\u03C2 \u03C0\u03B1\u03C1\u03AC\u03BB\u03BB\u03B7\u03BB\u03B1 \u03C4\u03BF\u03BD \u03C3\u03BF\u03C3\u03B9\u03B1\u03BB\u03B9\u03C3\u03BC\u03CC \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C4\u03BF\u03BD \u03C1\u03B9\u03B6\u03BF\u03C3\u03C0\u03B1\u03C3\u03C4\u03B9\u03C3\u03BC\u03CC \u03BA\u03B1\u03C4\u03B1\u03BB\u03AE\u03B3\u03BF\u03BD\u03C4\u03B1\u03C2 \u03C3' \u03AD\u03BD\u03B1 \u03BA\u03C5\u03C1\u03AF\u03B1\u03C1\u03C7\u03BF \u03B5\u03C1\u03B3\u03B1\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC \u03BA\u03AF\u03BD\u03B7\u03BC\u03B1 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03B5\u03C0\u03BF\u03C7\u03AE\u03C2 \u03BC\u03B5 \u03B4\u03B7\u03BC\u03BF\u03BA\u03C1\u03B1\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC \u03BC\u03B1\u03BD\u03B4\u03CD\u03B1."@el . . . . . "\uACE0\uADC0 \uC2E0\uC131 \uB178\uB3D9\uAE30\uC0AC\uB2E8(Noble and Holy Order of the Knights of Labor), \uC57D\uCE6D \uB178\uB3D9\uAE30\uC0AC\uB2E8(Knights of Labor; KOL)\uC740 1880\uB144\uB300 \uBBF8\uAD6D\uC5D0\uC11C \uAC00\uC7A5 \uD06C\uACE0 \uAC00\uC7A5 \uC911\uC694\uD588\uB358 \uB178\uB3D9\uC790 \uB2E8\uCCB4\uB2E4. \uC8FC\uC694 \uC9C0\uB3C4\uC790\uB294 \uB2E4. KOL\uC740 \uC0AC\uD68C\uC8FC\uC758\uB098 \uBB34\uC815\uBD80\uC8FC\uC758\uB97C \uAC70\uBD80\uD558\uBA74\uC11C \uB178\uB3D9\uC790\uC758 \uC0AC\uD68C\uBB38\uD654\uC801 \uBCF5\uC9C0 \uD5A5\uC0C1\uC744 \uAF80\uD588\uB2E4. 8\uC2DC\uAC04 \uB178\uB3D9\uC81C\uB97C \uC694\uAD6C\uD558\uACE0, \uC0DD\uC0B0\uC790 \uC724\uB9AC\uB97C \uC639\uD638\uD588\uB2E4. \uBA87\uBA87 \uACBD\uC6B0 \uAE30\uC5C5\uC8FC\uC640 \uAD50\uC12D\uC744 \uD558\uBA70 \uB178\uB3D9\uC870\uD569\uC758 \uC5ED\uD560\uC744 \uD558\uAE30\uB3C4 \uD588\uC9C0\uB9CC, \uC81C\uB300\uB85C \uC870\uC9C1\uD654\uB41C \uC801\uC740 \uD55C \uBC88\uB3C4 \uC5C6\uC5C8\uAE30\uC5D0 \uB178\uC870\uB77C\uACE0 \uBD80\uB974\uAE30\uB294 \uC5B4\uD3D0\uAC00 \uC788\uB2E4. 1869\uB144 12\uC6D4 28\uC77C \uAC00 \uC124\uB9BD\uD588\uB2E4. 1880\uB144 \uB2E8\uC6D0 \uC218\uB294 2\uB9CC 8,000 \uBA85\uC774\uC5C8\uB294\uB370, 1884\uB144\uC5D0\uB294 10\uB9CC \uBA85\uC73C\uB85C \uD6CC\uCA4D \uB6F0\uC5C8\uACE0, 1886\uB144\uC5D0\uB294 \uAC70\uC758 80\uB9CC \uBA85\uC5D0 \uAC00\uAE4C\uC6B8 \uC815\uB3C4\uB85C \uD33D\uCC3D\uD588\uB2E4. \uD558\uC9C0\uB9CC \uC81C\uB300\uB85C \uC870\uC9C1\uD654\uB418\uC9C0 \uC54A\uC740 \uC870\uC9C1\uC758 \uD2B9\uC131\uC0C1 \uD5E4\uC774\uB9C8\uCF13 \uC0AC\uAC74\uC5D0 \uAD00\uB828\uB418\uC5B4 \uC695\uC744 \uBA39\uB294 \uAC83\uC5D0 \uC81C\uB300\uB85C \uB300\uCC98\uD558\uC9C0 \uBABB\uD588\uACE0, 1886\uB144\uC5D0\uC11C 1887\uB144 \uC0AC\uC774\uC5D0 \uB2E8\uC6D0 \uB300\uB2E4\uC218\uAC00 \uD0C8\uD1F4\uD558\uC5EC 1890\uB144\uC5D0\uB294 10\uB9CC \uBA85\uC73C\uB85C \uB2E4\uC2DC \uCABC\uADF8\uB77C\uB4E4\uC5C8\uB2E4. 1893\uB144 \uACF5\uD669\uC73C\uB85C KOL\uC758 \uAE30\uB2A5\uC740 \uC644\uC804\uD788 \uB05D\uC7A5\uB0AC\uB2E4. KOL\uC758 \uC794\uC5EC \uC138\uB825\uC740 1949\uB144\uAE4C\uC9C0 \uC874\uC7AC\uD588\uC9C0\uB9CC, \uD574\uCCB4 \uB2F9\uC2DC \uC870\uD569\uC6D0 \uC218\uB294 50\uC5EC \uBA85\uC5D0 \uBD88\uACFC\uD588\uB2E4."@ko . . . . . . . . . "Die Knights of Labor (deutsch: Ritter der Arbeit), am 1. Januar 1869 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania gegr\u00FCndet, war eine der bedeutendsten amerikanischen Arbeiterorganisationen des 19. Jahrhunderts. Als eine Art geheime Bruderschaft, The Noble and Holy Order of the Knights of Labor genannt, wurde die Knights of Labor von sieben Mitgliedern des Schneiderhandwerks 1869 in Philadelphia, USA gegr\u00FCndet. Zwischen 1878 und 1881 wurde sie schrittweise f\u00FCr Menschen aller produzierenden Berufe ge\u00F6ffnet, nur Fabrikarbeiter sowie Gesch\u00E4ftsinhaber, Banker, Rechtsanw\u00E4lte, Spekulanten, B\u00F6rsenh\u00E4ndler und Schnapsh\u00E4ndler blieben ausgeschlossen. Dadurch und durch den Verzicht auf fr\u00FChere Geheimhaltungsrituale wuchsen die Gr\u00F6\u00DFe und der Einfluss der Organisation von 1878 rapide an. In ihrer erfolgreichsten Zeit um 1886 herum z\u00E4hlte sie sch\u00E4tzungsweise 700.000 Mitglieder. Die Knights of Labor waren der erste Versuch, eine f\u00FCr alle offene Gewerkschaft in den USA zu etablieren. Nach Richtungsk\u00E4mpfen, Missmanagement und erfolglosen Streiks verlor die Gewerkschaft nach 1886 viele ihrer Mitglieder, versank zum Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts in die Bedeutungslosigkeit und wurde schlie\u00DFlich aufgel\u00F6st."@de . . . . . . . . . . . . .