"Irving Fisher (February 27, 1867 \u2013 April 29, 1947) was an American economist, statistician, inventor, eugenicist and progressive social campaigner. He was one of the earliest American neoclassical economists, though his later work on debt deflation has been embraced by the post-Keynesian school. Joseph Schumpeter described him as \"the greatest economist the United States has ever produced\", an assessment later repeated by James Tobin and Milton Friedman."@en . . . . . . "\u6B27\u6587\u00B7\u8D39\u96EA\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1AIrving Fisher 1867\u5E742\u670827\u65E5\uFF0D1947\u5E744\u670829\u65E5\uFF09\uFF0C\u53C8\u8B6F\u827E\u723E\u6587\u00B7\u8CBB\u6C99\uFF0C\u8457\u540D\u7684\u7F8E\u56FD\u7ECF\u6D4E\u5B66\u5BB6\uFF0C\u8BB8\u591A\u672F\u8BED\u4EE5\u4ED6\u547D\u540D\uFF0C\u6BD4\u5982\u8D39\u96EA\u65B9\u7A0B\u5F0F\u3001\u8CBB\u6C99\u6548\u61C9\u3001\u570B\u969B\u8CBB\u6C99\u6548\u61C9\u548C\u3002"@zh . . . . "\u30A2\u30FC\u30F4\u30A3\u30F3\u30B0\u30FB\u30D5\u30A3\u30C3\u30B7\u30E3\u30FC"@ja . . "Irving Fisher"@nl . . . . . 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"Irving Fisher"@en . . . . . . . . "\uC5B4\uBE59 \uD53C\uC154"@ko . . . . . . "Irving FISHER (n. 27-an de februaro 1867 en , Novjorkio, Usono - m. 29-an de aprilo 1947, New Haven, Connecticut) estis usona ekonomikisto. Li havis gravan rolon en ellaboro de la moderna monetara teorio, en esploroj pri kapitalteorio. Li studis en Yale (B. A. 1888; Ph. D. 1891) kaj poste instruis tie matematikon(1892-95), poste ekonomikon (1895-1935). Li verkis la libron The Purchasing Power of Money (La a\u0109etpovo de la mono; 1911) kaj en tiu kreis modernan nocion pri rilato inter la \u015Dan\u011Doj de la monkvanto kaj la \u011Denerala preznivelo. Fisher publikigis inter 1912 kaj 1935 en pli ol 300 diversaj dokumentoj pri imagoj de enkonduko de la konstanta a\u0109etpova (alinome varbaza) dolaro. Li proponis anka\u016D tion, ke la bazunuo de la mono ne estu la oro, sed la prezindekso de la varoj difinu valoron de la dolaro. La agadema ekonomikisto prezentis anka\u016D reformideojn en aliaj terenoj kiel pri sanitaraj aferoj, e\u016Dgeniko, naturprotekto, alkohola\u0135-malpermeso, Ligo de Popoloj. Li sukcesis kiel negocisto; li surmerkatigis en 1910 propre evoluigitan kartotekan sistemon, el kiu prenis li grandan profiton. Li anka\u016D helpis la fondon de la Remington Rand, Inc. (1926). Fisher estis la prezidanto de tiu akcia kompanio \u011Dis sia morto."@eo . . "\u6B27\u6587\u00B7\u8D39\u96EA\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1AIrving Fisher 1867\u5E742\u670827\u65E5\uFF0D1947\u5E744\u670829\u65E5\uFF09\uFF0C\u53C8\u8B6F\u827E\u723E\u6587\u00B7\u8CBB\u6C99\uFF0C\u8457\u540D\u7684\u7F8E\u56FD\u7ECF\u6D4E\u5B66\u5BB6\uFF0C\u8BB8\u591A\u672F\u8BED\u4EE5\u4ED6\u547D\u540D\uFF0C\u6BD4\u5982\u8D39\u96EA\u65B9\u7A0B\u5F0F\u3001\u8CBB\u6C99\u6548\u61C9\u3001\u570B\u969B\u8CBB\u6C99\u6548\u61C9\u548C\u3002"@zh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Irving Fisher (27 Februari 1867 - 29 April 1947) merupakan seorang ahli ekonomi sekaligus aktivis kesehatan berkebangsaan Amerika Serikat. Dia merupakan salah satu ahli ekonomi neoklasik Amerika yang pertama. Ia juga merupakan selebritas ekonomi pertama. Reputasinya saat ini mungkin lebih tinggi daripada masanya. Beberapa istilah menggunakan namanya, seperti , , dan . Bidang studi utamanya ialah matematika. Dia wafat pada 29 April 1947 di New York City."@in . . "\u0424\u0438\u0448\u0435\u0440, \u0418\u0440\u0432\u0438\u043D\u0433"@ru . . "Irving Fisher was een Amerikaans econoom. Hij was een van de eerste Amerikaanse neoklassieke economen. Verschillende economische termen zijn naar hem genoemd zoals de Fishervergelijking, de Fisherhypothese en het ."@nl . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u30A2\u30FC\u30F4\u30A3\u30F3\u30B0\u30FB\u30D5\u30A3\u30C3\u30B7\u30E3\u30FC\uFF08Irving Fisher\u30011867\u5E742\u670827\u65E5 - 1947\u5E744\u670829\u65E5\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u5408\u8846\u56FD\u306E\u7D4C\u6E08\u5B66\u8005\u3001\u5065\u5EB7\u904B\u52D5\u5BB6\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002 \u30D5\u30A3\u30C3\u30B7\u30E3\u30FC\u306F\u8CA8\u5E63\u6570\u91CF\u8AAC\u3092\u5FA9\u6D3B\u3055\u305B\u3066\u7269\u4FA1\u6307\u6570\u306E\u521D\u671F\u306E\u63D0\u5531\u8005\u306E1\u4EBA\u3068\u306A\u3063\u305F\u307B\u304B\u3001\u30D5\u30A3\u30EA\u30C3\u30D7\u30B9\u66F2\u7DDA\u3084\u7121\u5DEE\u5225\u66F2\u7DDA\u3078\u306E\u91CD\u8981\u306A\u8CA2\u732E\u3092\u304A\u3053\u306A\u3063\u305F\u3002\u30D5\u30A3\u30C3\u30B7\u30E3\u30FC\u306E\u5206\u96E2\u5B9A\u7406\u3092\u63D0\u6848\u3057\u305F\u3068\u8A00\u308F\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002\u307E\u305F\u56FD\u969B\u30D5\u30A3\u30C3\u30B7\u30E3\u30FC\u52B9\u679C\u304A\u3088\u3073\u30D5\u30A3\u30C3\u30B7\u30E3\u30FC\u65B9\u7A0B\u5F0F\u3082\u5F7C\u306B\u3061\u306A\u3093\u3067\u540D\u3065\u3051\u3089\u308C\u305F\u3082\u306E\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002 \u30D5\u30A3\u30C3\u30B7\u30E3\u30FC\u306F\u6700\u3082\u521D\u671F\u306E\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u65B0\u53E4\u5178\u6D3E\u7D4C\u6E08\u5B66\u8005\u306E1\u4EBA\u3067\u3042\u308A\u6700\u521D\u306E\u6709\u540D\u306A\u7C73\u56FD\u7D4C\u6E08\u5B66\u8005\u3068\u3055\u308C\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . . . "1893"^^ . . . . . . . . . "Irving Fisher (27 Februari 1867 - 29 April 1947) merupakan seorang ahli ekonomi sekaligus aktivis kesehatan berkebangsaan Amerika Serikat. Dia merupakan salah satu ahli ekonomi neoklasik Amerika yang pertama. Ia juga merupakan selebritas ekonomi pertama. Reputasinya saat ini mungkin lebih tinggi daripada masanya. Beberapa istilah menggunakan namanya, seperti , , dan . Bidang studi utamanya ialah matematika. Dia wafat pada 29 April 1947 di New York City."@in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Irving Fisher"@en . . . . . . "Irving Fisher (27. \u00FAnora 1867 \u2013 29. dubna 1947) byl americk\u00FD ekonom, statistik, matematik, vyn\u00E1lezce, pr\u016Fkopn\u00EDk v oblasti ekonometrie a jeden z prvn\u00EDch americk\u00FDch neoklasick\u00FDch ekonom\u016F, a\u010Dkoli jeho pozd\u011Bj\u0161\u00ED pr\u00E1ce o dluhov\u00E9 deflaci se staly dom\u00E9nou postkeynesi\u00E1nsk\u00E9 \u0161koly. Joseph Schumpeter ho popsal jako \u201Enejv\u011Bt\u0161\u00EDho ekonoma, jak\u00E9ho kdy USA stvo\u0159ily\u201C. Tento v\u00FDrok byl pozd\u011Bji opakovan\u00FD ekonomy Jamesem Tobinem a Miltonem Friedmanem. Proslavil se zejm\u00E9na jako autor transak\u010Dn\u00ED rovnice sm\u011Bny. Byl tak\u00E9 jedn\u00EDm z prvn\u00EDch v\u00FDznamn\u00FDch teoretik\u016F kvantitativn\u00ED teorie pen\u011Bz 20. stolet\u00ED. Jeho v\u00FDzkum t\u00E9to teorie umo\u017Enilo otev\u0159en\u00ED \u0161koly tzv. makroekonomick\u00E9ho my\u0161len\u00ED zn\u00E1m\u00E9 jako \u201Emonetarismus\u201C. Fisher v\u00FDznamn\u011B p\u0159isp\u011Bl k teorii u\u017Eite\u010Dnosti a obecn\u00E9 rovnov\u00E1hy. Byl tak\u00E9 pr\u016Fkopn\u00EDkem ve studii tzv. p\u0159echodn\u00E9 volby na trz\u00EDch, co\u017E ho dovedlo k vytvo\u0159en\u00ED teorie kapit\u00E1lu a \u00FArokov\u00FDch sazeb. Byl tak\u00E9 pr\u016Fkopn\u00EDkem ekonometrie a v\u00FDvoje indexov\u00FDch \u010D\u00EDsel. N\u011Bkter\u00E9 term\u00EDny, kter\u00E9 jsou po n\u011Bm pojmenovan\u00E9, zahrnuj\u00ED Fisherovu rovnici, Fisherovu hypot\u00E9zu, mezin\u00E1rodn\u00ED Fisher\u016Fv efekt, Fisherovu teorii o odd\u011Blen\u00ED a Fisher\u016Fv trh. Irving Fisher byl mo\u017En\u00E1 prvn\u00ED ekonomickou \u201Ecelebritou\u201C, ale jeho pov\u011Bst b\u011Bhem jeho \u017Eivota byla nen\u00E1vratn\u011B po\u0161kozena jeho ve\u0159ejn\u00FDmi prohl\u00E1\u0161en\u00EDmi, t\u011Bsn\u011B p\u0159ed hav\u00E1ri\u00ED na Wall Street z roku 1929, \u017Ee akciov\u00FD trh dos\u00E1hl \u201Etrvale vysok\u00E9 hladiny\u201C. Jeho n\u00E1sledn\u00E1 teorie deflace dluhu (jako vysv\u011Btlen\u00ED Velk\u00E9 deprese), stejn\u011B jako jeho obhajoba pln\u011B rezervn\u00EDho bankovnictv\u00ED a alternativn\u00EDch m\u011Bn, byly do zna\u010Dn\u00E9 m\u00EDry ignorov\u00E1ny ve prosp\u011Bch pr\u00E1ce Johna Maynarda Keynese. Fisherova reputace se od t\u00E9 doby zotavila v neoklasick\u00E9 ekonomii, zejm\u00E9na pot\u00E9, co byla jeho pr\u00E1ce znovu nalezena koncem pades\u00E1t\u00FDch let, a z velk\u00E9 \u010D\u00E1sti d\u00EDky zv\u00FD\u0161en\u00E9mu z\u00E1jmu o deflaci dluhu po recesi koncem roku 2000. Pot\u00E9, co \u010Detn\u011B p\u0159isp\u011Bl k ekonomick\u00E9 teorii, se a\u017E do sv\u00E9 smrti stal nejp\u0159edn\u011Bj\u0161\u00EDm zast\u00E1ncem \u00FApln\u00E9 rezervn\u00ED bankovn\u00ED reformy. Byl jedn\u00EDm z autor\u016F Programu pro m\u011Bnovou reformu, kde jsou nast\u00EDn\u011Bny obecn\u00E9 koncepce 100% rezervn\u00EDho syst\u00E9mu."@cs . . "1117717451"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ""@en . . . . "Irving Fisher, f\u00F6dd 27 februari 1867, d\u00F6d 29 april 1947, var en amerikansk nationalekonom som bland annat skapade Fisherhypotesen och Fishers separationsteorem. Fisher studerade f\u00F6rst matematik och fysik och blev l\u00E4rare i matematik vid Yale University samt bitr\u00E4dande professor i samma \u00E4mne 1893. Efter studieresor i Europa 1893-94 \u00E4gnade sig emellertid Fisher \u00E5t nationalekonomin, \u00F6vertog 1895 en l\u00E4rarbefattning i detta \u00E4mne och var fr\u00E5n 1898 professor i nationalekonomi vid Yale. I Fishers omfattande produktion kan m\u00E4rkas en stark p\u00E5verkan fr\u00E5n den \u00F6sterrikiska gr\u00E4nsnytteskolan och Eugen von B\u00F6hm-Bawerk. Fisher visade en sj\u00E4lvst\u00E4ndig med gr\u00E4nsnytteteoretisk inst\u00E4llning till kapitalbegreppet i The nature of capital and income (1906) och i den skarpsinniga The rate of interest (1907). Hans egna mest v\u00E4gande insatser torde ligga p\u00E5 penningteorins omr\u00E5de. I The purchasing power of money (1912) inte bara f\u00F6rdjupade Fisher kvantitetsteorin utan framlade \u00E4ven ett f\u00F6rslag till penningv\u00E4sendets stabilisering. En sjunkande prisniv\u00E5 leder till en stegring av penningens v\u00E4rde. Denna v\u00E4rdestegring ville Fisher undvika genom att l\u00E5ta dollarn motsvara en minskad kvantitet guld, \"compensated dollar\". Fisher \u00E4gnade sig \u00E4ven \u00E5t utarbetandet av indexsystem och framlade resultaten av sina unders\u00F6kningar i The making of index numbers (1922) och Mathematical investigations in the theory of value and prices (1925). Fr\u00E5n 1923 publicerade Fisher sitt eget prisindex, som fr\u00E5n 1927 utarbetades av det av Fisher ledda Index Number Istitute. Fisher gjorde sig \u00E4ven k\u00E4nd som en varm anh\u00E4ngare av spritf\u00F6rbudet och f\u00F6rs\u00F6kte \u00E4ven med statistiska uppgifter visa, att f\u00F6rbudet innebar en stark \u00F6kning av produktiviteten hos USA:s n\u00E4ringsliv. \u00C4ven som praktisk aff\u00E4rsman gjorde Fisher en insats. Han var bland annat direkt\u00F6r f\u00F6r ett f\u00F6retag som exploaterade ett av honom sj\u00E4lv uppfunnet kortsystem. Fisher var 1896-1910 redakt\u00F6r f\u00F6r Yale review. Bland hans \u00F6vriga skrifter m\u00E4rks Elementary principles of economics (1913), Stabilizing the dollar (1920), samt Theory of interest (1930)."@sv . . . "Margaret Hazard"@en . "\u0625\u064A\u0631\u0641\u064A\u0646\u063A \u0641\u064A\u0634\u0631 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062C\u0644\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0629: Irving Fisher)\u200F (27 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064A\u0631\u060C 1867 -29 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064A\u0644\u060C 1947) \u0647\u0648 \u062E\u0628\u064A\u0631 \u0627\u0642\u062A\u0635\u0627\u062F\u064A \u0623\u0645\u064A\u0631\u0643\u064A \u0648\u062E\u0628\u064A\u0631 \u0625\u062D\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064A \u0648\u0645\u0628\u062A\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0637 \u0627\u062C\u062A\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064A \u062A\u0642\u062F\u0645\u064A. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062E\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062A\u0635\u0627\u062F\u064A\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064A\u0631\u0643\u064A\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064A\u0643\u064A\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u062F\u062F\u060C \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063A\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062A\u0628\u0646\u064A \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u064A\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062F\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064A\u0646\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0648\u0642\u062A \u0644\u0627\u062D\u0642. \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u062C\u0648\u0632\u064A\u0641 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064A\u062A\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u00AB\u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u062E\u0628\u064A\u0631 \u0627\u0642\u062A\u0635\u0627\u062F\u064A \u0623\u0646\u062A\u062C\u062A\u0647 \u0623\u0645\u064A\u0631\u0643\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u00BB \u0648\u062A\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0623\u0643\u064A\u062F \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0642\u064A\u064A\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u062D\u0642\u064B\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062C\u064A\u0645\u0633 \u062A\u0648\u0628\u064A\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u064A\u0644\u062A\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u064A\u062F\u0645\u0627\u0646."@ar . . . . "Irving Fisher"@de . . . . "\u0625\u064A\u0631\u0641\u064A\u0646\u063A \u0641\u064A\u0634\u0631"@ar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Irving Fisher (Saugerties, 27 febbraio 1867 \u2013 New York, 29 aprile 1947) \u00E8 stato un economista e statistico statunitense. Contribu\u00EC in modo determinante alla teoria dei Numeri indici analizzandone le propriet\u00E0 teoriche e statistiche. Fu uno dei maggiori economisti monetaristi statunitensi dei primi del Novecento. Dal 1923 al 1936 il suo Index Number Institute produsse e pubblic\u00F2 indici dei prezzi di diversi raccolti in tutto il mondo."@it . . . . . . "Irving Fisher"@in . "1940"^^ . . . "Irving Fisher (Saugerties, Nova York, Estats Units d'Am\u00E8rica, 27 de febrer de 1867 - Nova York, 29 d'abril de 1947) fou un matem\u00E0tic i economista nord-americ\u00E0. Era fill d'un pastor , i estudi\u00E0 a la Universitat Yale, on es gradu\u00E0 en matem\u00E0tiques i economia. Fou un important economista, considerat el m\u00E0xim exponent de l'escola neocl\u00E0sica que teoritz\u00E0 sobre la inflaci\u00F3. Elabor\u00E0, dins la tend\u00E8ncia del marginalisme, un model d'equilibri general en The Mathematical Investigations in the Theory of Value and Prices (1892). Posteriorment es refer\u00ED a l'equilibri del mercat concret en qu\u00E8 es determina el tipus d'inter\u00E8s a The Rate of Profit (1907) i a The Theory of Interest (1930). D'ac\u00ED va elaborar la teoria quantitativa que va elaborar la f\u00F3rmula general del nivell de preus el 1911: On \u00E9s l'\u00EDndex de preus, la quantitat de diner circulant, la seva velocitat de circulaci\u00F3, el volum de dep\u00F2sits bancaris i el ritme al que aquests es gasten. \u00E9s el volum de transaccions o, aproximadament, el nivell de comer\u00E7.Aquesta teoria fou el punt de partida per a la teoria quantitativa de l'anomenada Escola de Cambridge, els m\u00E0xims exponents de la qual foren Alfred Marshall i Arthur Cecil Pigou.Tamb\u00E9 contribu\u00ED de manera determinant a la teoria dels nombres \u00EDndex analitzant-ne les propietats te\u00F2riques i estad\u00EDstiques. Fuu un dels m\u00E9s grans economistes monetaristes nord-americans de la primera meitat del segle xx. Del 1923 al 1936 el seu Index Number Institute produ\u00ED i public\u00E0 \u00EDndex dels preus de les diverses cistelles monet\u00E0ries d'arreu del m\u00F3n. Va ser president de l'American Economic Association (1918) i de l'American Statistical Association (1932) endem\u00E9s de fundar el 1930 la ."@ca . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0406\u0440\u0432\u0456\u043D\u0433 \u0424\u0456\u0448\u0435\u0440, (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. Irving Fisher, 27 \u043B\u044E\u0442\u043E\u0433\u043E 1867, \u0421\u043E\u0433\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0456\u0441 \u2014 29 \u043A\u0432\u0456\u0442\u043D\u044F 1947, \u041D\u044C\u044E-\u0419\u043E\u0440\u043A) \u2014 \u0430\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0439-\u0435\u043A\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0456\u0441\u0442 \u043D\u0435\u043E\u043A\u043B\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043D\u0430\u043F\u0440\u044F\u043C\u0443. \u0411\u0443\u0432 \u043E\u0434\u043D\u0438\u043C \u0456\u0437 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u043D\u0430\u0443\u043A\u043E\u0432\u0446\u0456\u0432, \u044F\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u043E\u0437\u0440\u043E\u0431\u0438\u0432 \u043A\u0456\u043B\u044C\u043A\u0456\u0441\u043D\u0443 \u0442\u0435\u043E\u0440\u0456\u044E \u0433\u0440\u043E\u0448\u0435\u0439. \u041D\u0430\u0432\u0447\u0430\u0432\u0441\u044F \u0432 \u0404\u043B\u044C\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u0443\u043D\u0456\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0456 (\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043F\u0456\u043D\u044C \u0431\u0430\u043A\u0430\u043B\u0430\u0432\u0440\u0430, 1888 \u0456 \u0441\u0442\u0443\u043F\u0456\u043D\u044C \u0434\u043E\u043A\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0430, 1891). \u041F\u0456\u0437\u043D\u0456\u0448\u0435 \u043D\u0430\u0432\u0447\u0430\u0432\u0441\u044F \u0432 \u0411\u0435\u0440\u043B\u0456\u043D\u0456 \u0442\u0430 \u041F\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0436\u0456. \u0412 1893\u20141935 \u0440\u043E\u043A\u0430\u0445 \u0432\u0438\u043A\u043B\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0432 \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0456\u043D\u0430\u0445 \u0440\u0456\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0443\u043D\u0456\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0443, \u0437 1898 \u0440\u043E\u043A\u0443 \u043F\u0440\u0430\u0446\u044E\u0432\u0430\u0432 \u0442\u0430\u043C \u0436\u0435 \u043D\u0430 \u043F\u043E\u0441\u0430\u0434\u0456 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0444\u0435\u0441\u043E\u0440\u0430. \u0412 1918 \u0440\u043E\u0446\u0456 \u0431\u0443\u0432 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0442\u043E\u043C \u0410\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0457 \u0435\u043A\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0456\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0430\u0441\u043E\u0446\u0456\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457. \u0417 1931 \u043F\u043E 1934 \u0440\u043E\u043A\u0438 \u2014 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0442 \u0415\u043A\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0442\u043E\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430."@uk . . . . . . . . "Fisher photographed byGeorge Grantham Bainin 1927"@en . . . "Irving Fisher (27 de fevereiro de 1867 \u2013 29 de abril de 1947) foi um economista nascido nos Estados Unidos, e um dos primeiros economistas neocl\u00E1ssicos, apesar de seu \u00FAltimo trabalho sobre ser muitas vezes considerado como pertence da escola p\u00F3s-keynesiana. Fisher realizou importantes contribui\u00E7\u00F5es \u00E0 teoria da utilidade e sua obra sobre a teoria quantitativa da moeda inaugurou a escola do pensamento econ\u00F4mico conhecida como \"monetarismo\". Milton Friedman chamou Fisher de \"o maior economista que os Estados Unidos j\u00E1 produziram\". Alguns conceitos homenageados a Fisher incluem a equa\u00E7\u00E3o de Fisher, a , o e o ."@pt . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Fisher photographed by George Grantham Bain in 1927"@en . . "Irving Fisher (February 27, 1867 \u2013 April 29, 1947) was an American economist, statistician, inventor, eugenicist and progressive social campaigner. He was one of the earliest American neoclassical economists, though his later work on debt deflation has been embraced by the post-Keynesian school. Joseph Schumpeter described him as \"the greatest economist the United States has ever produced\", an assessment later repeated by James Tobin and Milton Friedman. Fisher made important contributions to utility theory and general equilibrium. He was also a pioneer in the rigorous study of intertemporal choice in markets, which led him to develop a theory of capital and interest rates. His research on the quantity theory of money inaugurated the school of macroeconomic thought known as \"monetarism\". Fisher was also a pioneer of econometrics, including the development of index numbers. Some concepts named after him include the Fisher equation, the Fisher hypothesis, the international Fisher effect, the Fisher separation theorem and Fisher market. Fisher was perhaps the first celebrity economist, but his reputation during his lifetime was irreparably harmed by his public statement, just nine days before the Wall Street Crash of 1929, that the stock market had reached \"a permanently high plateau\". His subsequent theory of debt deflation as an explanation of the Great Depression, as well as his advocacy of full-reserve banking and alternative currencies, were largely ignored in favor of the work of John Maynard Keynes. Fisher's reputation has since recovered in academic economics, particularly after his theoretical models were rediscovered in the late 1960s to the 1970s, a period of increasing reliance on mathematical models within the field. Interest in him has also grown in the public due to an increased interest in debt deflation after the Great Recession. Fisher was one of the foremost proponents of the full-reserve banking, which he advocated as one of the authors of A Program for Monetary Reform where the general proposal is outlined."@en . "Irving Fisher"@eu . . . . . . "Irving Fisher (* 27. Februar 1867 in , New York; \u2020 29. April 1947 in New York City) war ein US-amerikanischer \u00D6konom. Er z\u00E4hlt zu den Hauptvertretern der Neoklassik der USA, nimmt jedoch in der Neoklassik eine Sonderrolle ein. Fisher war bereits zu Lebzeiten einem breiten Publikum bekannt. Er ist bekannt f\u00FCr seine Zinstheorie. Au\u00DFerdem wurden z. B. der Fisher-Effekt, die Fisher-Gleichung, die Fishersche Verkehrsgleichung und das Fisher-Separationstheorem nach ihm benannt."@de . . . . . "Irving Fisher (27. \u00FAnora 1867 \u2013 29. dubna 1947) byl americk\u00FD ekonom, statistik, matematik, vyn\u00E1lezce, pr\u016Fkopn\u00EDk v oblasti ekonometrie a jeden z prvn\u00EDch americk\u00FDch neoklasick\u00FDch ekonom\u016F, a\u010Dkoli jeho pozd\u011Bj\u0161\u00ED pr\u00E1ce o dluhov\u00E9 deflaci se staly dom\u00E9nou postkeynesi\u00E1nsk\u00E9 \u0161koly. Joseph Schumpeter ho popsal jako \u201Enejv\u011Bt\u0161\u00EDho ekonoma, jak\u00E9ho kdy USA stvo\u0159ily\u201C. Tento v\u00FDrok byl pozd\u011Bji opakovan\u00FD ekonomy Jamesem Tobinem a Miltonem Friedmanem."@cs . "Irving Fisher"@en . "her death"@en . . "Irving Fisher"@fr . . . . ""@en . . . . . "Irving Fisher"@cs . . . . . . . . . . . "Irving FISHER (n. 27-an de februaro 1867 en , Novjorkio, Usono - m. 29-an de aprilo 1947, New Haven, Connecticut) estis usona ekonomikisto. Li havis gravan rolon en ellaboro de la moderna monetara teorio, en esploroj pri kapitalteorio. Li studis en Yale (B. A. 1888; Ph. D. 1891) kaj poste instruis tie matematikon(1892-95), poste ekonomikon (1895-1935). Li verkis la libron The Purchasing Power of Money (La a\u0109etpovo de la mono; 1911) kaj en tiu kreis modernan nocion pri rilato inter la \u015Dan\u011Doj de la monkvanto kaj la \u011Denerala preznivelo."@eo . . . . . . . . . . . . "\uC5B4\uBE59 \uD53C\uC154(Irving Fisher, 1867\uB144 2\uC6D4 27\uC77C, \uB274\uC695 ~ 1947\uB144 4\uC6D4 29\uC77C, \uB274\uC695)\uB294 \uBBF8\uAD6D\uC758 \uACBD\uC81C\uD559\uC790\uC774\uB2E4. \uACC4\uB7C9 \uACBD\uC81C\uD559\uD68C \uCD08\uB300 \uD68C\uC7A5\uC744 \uC9C0\uB0C8\uACE0, \uADFC\uB300 \uACBD\uC81C \uC774\uB860\uC758 \uAC1C\uCC99\uC790\uC774\uB2E4. 1898\uB144 \uC608\uC77C \uB300\uD559\uC758 \uAD50\uC218\uAC00 \uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uD654\uD3D0 \uC218\uB7C9\uC124\uACFC \uBB3C\uAC00 \uC9C0\uC218\uB860\uC744 \uC8FC\uC7A5\uD55C \uC0AC\uB78C\uC73C\uB85C \uC720\uBA85\uD558\uB2E4. \uADF8\uB294 \uBBF8\uAD6D \uC218\uB9AC \uACBD\uC81C\uD559\uC744 \uB300\uD45C\uD558\uB294 \uD559\uC790\uB85C, \uC800\uC11C\uC5D0 \u300A\uAC00\uCE58\uC640 \uAC00\uACA9 \uC774\uB860\uC758 \uC218\uD559\uC801 \uC5F0\uAD6C\u300B, \u300A\uC9C0\uC218\uB860\u300B\uB4F1\uC774 \uC788\uB2E4."@ko . . "Irving Fisher (* 27. Februar 1867 in , New York; \u2020 29. April 1947 in New York City) war ein US-amerikanischer \u00D6konom. Er z\u00E4hlt zu den Hauptvertretern der Neoklassik der USA, nimmt jedoch in der Neoklassik eine Sonderrolle ein. Fisher war bereits zu Lebzeiten einem breiten Publikum bekannt. Er ist bekannt f\u00FCr seine Zinstheorie. Au\u00DFerdem wurden z. B. der Fisher-Effekt, die Fisher-Gleichung, die Fishersche Verkehrsgleichung und das Fisher-Separationstheorem nach ihm benannt."@de . . "Irving Fisher (27 de fevereiro de 1867 \u2013 29 de abril de 1947) foi um economista nascido nos Estados Unidos, e um dos primeiros economistas neocl\u00E1ssicos, apesar de seu \u00FAltimo trabalho sobre ser muitas vezes considerado como pertence da escola p\u00F3s-keynesiana."@pt . . . "Irving Fisher (Saugerties, New York, 1867ko otsailaren 27a \u2014 1947ko apirilaren 29a) ideia ekonomikoen zabalkundean ekarpenan egin zituen ekonomilari estatu-batuarra da. neoklasikoak Estatu Batuetan. Hainbat kontzeptuk bere izena daramate, hala nola , , eta . \n* Datuak: Q312739 \n* Multimedia: Irving Fisher"@eu . . "Irving Fisher (Saugerties, estado de Nueva York, 27 de febrero de 1867-Nueva York, 29 de abril de 1947) fue un economista, estad\u00EDstico, inventor, y eugenista estadounidense que contribuy\u00F3 a difundir las ideas econ\u00F3micas neocl\u00E1sicas en Estados Unidos.\u200B Varios conceptos toman su nombre de \u00E9l, como la ecuaci\u00F3n de Fisher, la hip\u00F3tesis de Fisher, la tasa de Fisher y el teorema de separabilidad de Fisher."@es . . . "\u0406\u0440\u0432\u0456\u043D\u0433 \u0424\u0456\u0448\u0435\u0440, (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. Irving Fisher, 27 \u043B\u044E\u0442\u043E\u0433\u043E 1867, \u0421\u043E\u0433\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0456\u0441 \u2014 29 \u043A\u0432\u0456\u0442\u043D\u044F 1947, \u041D\u044C\u044E-\u0419\u043E\u0440\u043A) \u2014 \u0430\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0439-\u0435\u043A\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0456\u0441\u0442 \u043D\u0435\u043E\u043A\u043B\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043D\u0430\u043F\u0440\u044F\u043C\u0443. \u0411\u0443\u0432 \u043E\u0434\u043D\u0438\u043C \u0456\u0437 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u043D\u0430\u0443\u043A\u043E\u0432\u0446\u0456\u0432, \u044F\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u043E\u0437\u0440\u043E\u0431\u0438\u0432 \u043A\u0456\u043B\u044C\u043A\u0456\u0441\u043D\u0443 \u0442\u0435\u043E\u0440\u0456\u044E \u0433\u0440\u043E\u0448\u0435\u0439. \u041D\u0430\u0432\u0447\u0430\u0432\u0441\u044F \u0432 \u0404\u043B\u044C\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u0443\u043D\u0456\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0456 (\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043F\u0456\u043D\u044C \u0431\u0430\u043A\u0430\u043B\u0430\u0432\u0440\u0430, 1888 \u0456 \u0441\u0442\u0443\u043F\u0456\u043D\u044C \u0434\u043E\u043A\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0430, 1891). \u041F\u0456\u0437\u043D\u0456\u0448\u0435 \u043D\u0430\u0432\u0447\u0430\u0432\u0441\u044F \u0432 \u0411\u0435\u0440\u043B\u0456\u043D\u0456 \u0442\u0430 \u041F\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0436\u0456. \u0412 1893\u20141935 \u0440\u043E\u043A\u0430\u0445 \u0432\u0438\u043A\u043B\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0432 \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0456\u043D\u0430\u0445 \u0440\u0456\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0443\u043D\u0456\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0443, \u0437 1898 \u0440\u043E\u043A\u0443 \u043F\u0440\u0430\u0446\u044E\u0432\u0430\u0432 \u0442\u0430\u043C \u0436\u0435 \u043D\u0430 \u043F\u043E\u0441\u0430\u0434\u0456 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0444\u0435\u0441\u043E\u0440\u0430. \u0412 1918 \u0440\u043E\u0446\u0456 \u0431\u0443\u0432 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0442\u043E\u043C \u0410\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0457 \u0435\u043A\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0456\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0430\u0441\u043E\u0446\u0456\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457. \u0417 1931 \u043F\u043E 1934 \u0440\u043E\u043A\u0438 \u2014 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0442 \u0415\u043A\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0442\u043E\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430."@uk . . "1947-04-29"^^ . "Iriving Fisher (ur. 27 lutego 1867 w Nowym Jorku, zm. 29 kwietnia 1947 r. w Nowym Jorku) \u2013 ekonomista ameryka\u0144ski, przedstawiciel w ekonomii. Zajmowa\u0142 si\u0119 ilo\u015Bciow\u0105 teori\u0105 pieni\u0105dza oraz teori\u0105 dystrybucji."@pl . . . . "Irving Fisher"@pt . "Irving Fisher"@pl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Iriving Fisher (ur. 27 lutego 1867 w Nowym Jorku, zm. 29 kwietnia 1947 r. w Nowym Jorku) \u2013 ekonomista ameryka\u0144ski, przedstawiciel w ekonomii. Zajmowa\u0142 si\u0119 ilo\u015Bciow\u0105 teori\u0105 pieni\u0105dza oraz teori\u0105 dystrybucji."@pl . . "1867-02-27"^^ . . "Irving Fisher was een Amerikaans econoom. Hij was een van de eerste Amerikaanse neoklassieke economen. Verschillende economische termen zijn naar hem genoemd zoals de Fishervergelijking, de Fisherhypothese en het ."@nl . . . . . . "404504"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . "42310"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Yale University"@en . . . . . . . . "Fisher,+Irving"@en . . "\u0418\u0440\u0432\u0438\u043D\u0433 \u0424\u0438\u0448\u0435\u0440 (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. Irving Fisher; 27 \u0444\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u043B\u044F 1867, \u0421\u043E\u0433\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0441, \u0448\u0442. \u041D\u044C\u044E-\u0419\u043E\u0440\u043A \u2014 29 \u0430\u043F\u0440\u0435\u043B\u044F 1947, \u041D\u044C\u044E-\u0419\u043E\u0440\u043A) \u2014 \u0430\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u044D\u043A\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0438\u0441\u0442, \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C \u043D\u0435\u043E\u043A\u043B\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043D\u0430\u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0432 \u044D\u043A\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u043D\u0430\u0443\u043A\u0435. \u0423\u0447\u0438\u043B\u0441\u044F \u0432 \u0419\u0435\u043B\u044C\u0441\u043A\u043E\u043C \u0443\u043D\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0435 (\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043F\u0435\u043D\u044C \u0431\u0430\u043A\u0430\u043B\u0430\u0432\u0440\u0430, 1888, \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043F\u0435\u043D\u044C \u0434\u043E\u043A\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0430, 1891). \u0423\u0447\u0438\u043B\u0441\u044F \u0432 \u0411\u0435\u0440\u043B\u0438\u043D\u0435 \u0438 \u041F\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0436\u0435. \u0412 1893\u20141935 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430\u0445 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u043F\u043E\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043B \u0432 \u0440\u043E\u0434\u043D\u043E\u043C \u0443\u043D\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0435, \u0441 1898 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430 \u0432 \u043A\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043E\u0440\u0430."@ru . . . . "Irving Fisher"@it . . . "Irving Fisher (Saugerties, Nova York, Estats Units d'Am\u00E8rica, 27 de febrer de 1867 - Nova York, 29 d'abril de 1947) fou un matem\u00E0tic i economista nord-americ\u00E0. Era fill d'un pastor , i estudi\u00E0 a la Universitat Yale, on es gradu\u00E0 en matem\u00E0tiques i economia. Fou un important economista, considerat el m\u00E0xim exponent de l'escola neocl\u00E0sica que teoritz\u00E0 sobre la inflaci\u00F3. Elabor\u00E0, dins la tend\u00E8ncia del marginalisme, un model d'equilibri general en The Mathematical Investigations in the Theory of Value and Prices (1892). Posteriorment es refer\u00ED a l'equilibri del mercat concret en qu\u00E8 es determina el tipus d'inter\u00E8s a The Rate of Profit (1907) i a The Theory of Interest (1930). D'ac\u00ED va elaborar la teoria quantitativa que va elaborar la f\u00F3rmula general del nivell de preus el 1911:"@ca . . . . . . "Irving Fisher (Saugerties, estado de Nueva York, 27 de febrero de 1867-Nueva York, 29 de abril de 1947) fue un economista, estad\u00EDstico, inventor, y eugenista estadounidense que contribuy\u00F3 a difundir las ideas econ\u00F3micas neocl\u00E1sicas en Estados Unidos.\u200B Varios conceptos toman su nombre de \u00E9l, como la ecuaci\u00F3n de Fisher, la hip\u00F3tesis de Fisher, la tasa de Fisher y el teorema de separabilidad de Fisher."@es . . . . "Irving Fisher (Saugerties, 27 febbraio 1867 \u2013 New York, 29 aprile 1947) \u00E8 stato un economista e statistico statunitense. Contribu\u00EC in modo determinante alla teoria dei Numeri indici analizzandone le propriet\u00E0 teoriche e statistiche. Fu uno dei maggiori economisti monetaristi statunitensi dei primi del Novecento. Dal 1923 al 1936 il suo Index Number Institute produsse e pubblic\u00F2 indici dei prezzi di diversi raccolti in tutto il mondo. In campo finanziario a lui si deve la formalizzazione della equazione per stimare la relazione tra tassi di interesse nominali e reali. L'equazione \u00E8 usata per calcolare lo \"Yield to Maturity\" ovvero il rendimento alla scadenza di un titolo, in presenza di inflazione. Tale equazione \u00E8 conosciuta universalmente come Equazione di Fisher. Fu inoltre presidente dell'American Economic Association nel 1918 e dell'American Statistical Association nel 1932 nonch\u00E9 fondatore nel 1930 della . Fisher fu anche un salutista attivo in campo sociale, sostenitore del vegetarianismo, del proibizionismo e dell'eugenetica.Fisher mor\u00EC nella citt\u00E0 di New York nel 1947."@it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u6B27\u6587\u00B7\u8D39\u96EA"@zh . . "Irving Fisher, f\u00F6dd 27 februari 1867, d\u00F6d 29 april 1947, var en amerikansk nationalekonom som bland annat skapade Fisherhypotesen och Fishers separationsteorem. Fisher studerade f\u00F6rst matematik och fysik och blev l\u00E4rare i matematik vid Yale University samt bitr\u00E4dande professor i samma \u00E4mne 1893. Efter studieresor i Europa 1893-94 \u00E4gnade sig emellertid Fisher \u00E5t nationalekonomin, \u00F6vertog 1895 en l\u00E4rarbefattning i detta \u00E4mne och var fr\u00E5n 1898 professor i nationalekonomi vid Yale. I Fishers omfattande produktion kan m\u00E4rkas en stark p\u00E5verkan fr\u00E5n den \u00F6sterrikiska gr\u00E4nsnytteskolan och Eugen von B\u00F6hm-Bawerk. Fisher visade en sj\u00E4lvst\u00E4ndig med gr\u00E4nsnytteteoretisk inst\u00E4llning till kapitalbegreppet i The nature of capital and income (1906) och i den skarpsinniga The rate of interest (1907). Hans egn"@sv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Irving Fisher"@eo . "Irving Fisher"@sv . "1867-02-27"^^ . . "\u0406\u0440\u0432\u0456\u043D\u0433 \u0424\u0456\u0448\u0435\u0440"@uk . . . . . . . . . . . "\uC5B4\uBE59 \uD53C\uC154(Irving Fisher, 1867\uB144 2\uC6D4 27\uC77C, \uB274\uC695 ~ 1947\uB144 4\uC6D4 29\uC77C, \uB274\uC695)\uB294 \uBBF8\uAD6D\uC758 \uACBD\uC81C\uD559\uC790\uC774\uB2E4. \uACC4\uB7C9 \uACBD\uC81C\uD559\uD68C \uCD08\uB300 \uD68C\uC7A5\uC744 \uC9C0\uB0C8\uACE0, \uADFC\uB300 \uACBD\uC81C \uC774\uB860\uC758 \uAC1C\uCC99\uC790\uC774\uB2E4. 1898\uB144 \uC608\uC77C \uB300\uD559\uC758 \uAD50\uC218\uAC00 \uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uD654\uD3D0 \uC218\uB7C9\uC124\uACFC \uBB3C\uAC00 \uC9C0\uC218\uB860\uC744 \uC8FC\uC7A5\uD55C \uC0AC\uB78C\uC73C\uB85C \uC720\uBA85\uD558\uB2E4. \uADF8\uB294 \uBBF8\uAD6D \uC218\uB9AC \uACBD\uC81C\uD559\uC744 \uB300\uD45C\uD558\uB294 \uD559\uC790\uB85C, \uC800\uC11C\uC5D0 \u300A\uAC00\uCE58\uC640 \uAC00\uACA9 \uC774\uB860\uC758 \uC218\uD559\uC801 \uC5F0\uAD6C\u300B, \u300A\uC9C0\uC218\uB860\u300B\uB4F1\uC774 \uC788\uB2E4."@ko . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "1947-04-29"^^ . . . . . . "\u0418\u0440\u0432\u0438\u043D\u0433 \u0424\u0438\u0448\u0435\u0440 (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. Irving Fisher; 27 \u0444\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u043B\u044F 1867, \u0421\u043E\u0433\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0441, \u0448\u0442. \u041D\u044C\u044E-\u0419\u043E\u0440\u043A \u2014 29 \u0430\u043F\u0440\u0435\u043B\u044F 1947, \u041D\u044C\u044E-\u0419\u043E\u0440\u043A) \u2014 \u0430\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u044D\u043A\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0438\u0441\u0442, \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C \u043D\u0435\u043E\u043A\u043B\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043D\u0430\u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0432 \u044D\u043A\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u043D\u0430\u0443\u043A\u0435. \u0423\u0447\u0438\u043B\u0441\u044F \u0432 \u0419\u0435\u043B\u044C\u0441\u043A\u043E\u043C \u0443\u043D\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0435 (\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043F\u0435\u043D\u044C \u0431\u0430\u043A\u0430\u043B\u0430\u0432\u0440\u0430, 1888, \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043F\u0435\u043D\u044C \u0434\u043E\u043A\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0430, 1891). \u0423\u0447\u0438\u043B\u0441\u044F \u0432 \u0411\u0435\u0440\u043B\u0438\u043D\u0435 \u0438 \u041F\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0436\u0435. \u0412 1893\u20141935 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430\u0445 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u043F\u043E\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043B \u0432 \u0440\u043E\u0434\u043D\u043E\u043C \u0443\u043D\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0435, \u0441 1898 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430 \u0432 \u043A\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043E\u0440\u0430. \u041F\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0442 \u0410\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u044D\u043A\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0430\u0441\u0441\u043E\u0446\u0438\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432 1918 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0443. \u041F\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044B\u0439 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0442 \u042D\u043A\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043E\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 (1931\u20141934). \u041E\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043B \u0440\u044F\u0434 \u0437\u043D\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043E\u0442 \u043F\u043E \u0442\u0435\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0438, \u043E\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043E \u044D\u043A\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0438\u044F, \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0437\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u043D\u043E \u0441\u0430\u043C\u044B\u0439 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0432\u043A\u043B\u0430\u0434 \u0431\u044B\u043B \u0432\u043D\u0435\u0441\u0451\u043D \u0438\u043C \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u043E\u0440\u0438\u044E \u0434\u0435\u043D\u0435\u0433. \u0412\u044B\u0432\u0435\u043B \u00AB\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043D\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0424\u0438\u0448\u0435\u0440\u0430\u00BB, \u043E\u0431\u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0443\u043B\u0443 \u00AB\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043D\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u043E\u0431\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0430\u00BB."@ru . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u30A2\u30FC\u30F4\u30A3\u30F3\u30B0\u30FB\u30D5\u30A3\u30C3\u30B7\u30E3\u30FC\uFF08Irving Fisher\u30011867\u5E742\u670827\u65E5 - 1947\u5E744\u670829\u65E5\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u5408\u8846\u56FD\u306E\u7D4C\u6E08\u5B66\u8005\u3001\u5065\u5EB7\u904B\u52D5\u5BB6\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002 \u30D5\u30A3\u30C3\u30B7\u30E3\u30FC\u306F\u8CA8\u5E63\u6570\u91CF\u8AAC\u3092\u5FA9\u6D3B\u3055\u305B\u3066\u7269\u4FA1\u6307\u6570\u306E\u521D\u671F\u306E\u63D0\u5531\u8005\u306E1\u4EBA\u3068\u306A\u3063\u305F\u307B\u304B\u3001\u30D5\u30A3\u30EA\u30C3\u30D7\u30B9\u66F2\u7DDA\u3084\u7121\u5DEE\u5225\u66F2\u7DDA\u3078\u306E\u91CD\u8981\u306A\u8CA2\u732E\u3092\u304A\u3053\u306A\u3063\u305F\u3002\u30D5\u30A3\u30C3\u30B7\u30E3\u30FC\u306E\u5206\u96E2\u5B9A\u7406\u3092\u63D0\u6848\u3057\u305F\u3068\u8A00\u308F\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002\u307E\u305F\u56FD\u969B\u30D5\u30A3\u30C3\u30B7\u30E3\u30FC\u52B9\u679C\u304A\u3088\u3073\u30D5\u30A3\u30C3\u30B7\u30E3\u30FC\u65B9\u7A0B\u5F0F\u3082\u5F7C\u306B\u3061\u306A\u3093\u3067\u540D\u3065\u3051\u3089\u308C\u305F\u3082\u306E\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002 \u30D5\u30A3\u30C3\u30B7\u30E3\u30FC\u306F\u6700\u3082\u521D\u671F\u306E\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u65B0\u53E4\u5178\u6D3E\u7D4C\u6E08\u5B66\u8005\u306E1\u4EBA\u3067\u3042\u308A\u6700\u521D\u306E\u6709\u540D\u306A\u7C73\u56FD\u7D4C\u6E08\u5B66\u8005\u3068\u3055\u308C\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . "Irving Fisher"@ca . . ""@en . . "Irving Fisher (Saugerties, New York, 1867ko otsailaren 27a \u2014 1947ko apirilaren 29a) ideia ekonomikoen zabalkundean ekarpenan egin zituen ekonomilari estatu-batuarra da. neoklasikoak Estatu Batuetan. Hainbat kontzeptuk bere izena daramate, hala nola , , eta . \n* Datuak: Q312739 \n* Multimedia: Irving Fisher"@eu . . . . "Irving Fisher"@es .