. . . . . . . . . . "10"^^ . . . . . . "Territories and expansion of the Indo-Scythians at their greatest extent, including territories of the Northern Satraps and Western Satraps."@en . . . . . "Map_of_the_Indo-Parthians.png"@en . . . . . "Indo-Escita"@ca . . . . . . . . . "20"^^ . "Indoskyter"@sv . . "Kushan Empire"@en . "Indo-Scythes"@fr . . "\uC778\uB3C4-\uC2A4\uD0A4\uD0C0\uC774"@ko . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Indoskyter \u00E4r en samlande ben\u00E4mning p\u00E5 olika iranska folk i Centralasien som seklerna kring \u00E5r 0 bildade riken i det som numera \u00E4r Afghanistan, Pakistan och nordv\u00E4stra delen av Indien. I indisk historieskrivning \u00E4r de k\u00E4nda som shakas (se saker). Det indoskytiska riket i norra Indien vid Kristi f\u00F6delse leddes av en , som i kristen tradition f\u00F6rknippas med en av de tre vise m\u00E4nnen (senare kallad Kasper)."@sv . . . . "1122073024"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "150"^^ . . . . . . . . "85"^^ . . . . "Les Indo-Scythes sont une branche des Saces (Scythes) Indo-Europ\u00E9ens des steppes eurasiennes qui ont migr\u00E9 de la Sib\u00E9rie du sud en Bactriane, en Sogdiane, au Cachemire et finalement jusqu\u2019en Arachosie puis en Inde du milieu du IIe si\u00E8cle av. J.-C. au Ier si\u00E8cle av. J.-C. Leur royaume s'\u00E9tendit progressivement et temporairement sur l'Afghanistan, le Pakistan et une partie de l'Inde du Nord-Ouest du IIe si\u00E8cle av. J.-C. jusqu'\u00E0 la fin du Ier si\u00E8cle av. J.-C., \u00E9poque o\u00F9 ils furent remplac\u00E9s par les indo-parthes lesquels fond\u00E8rent leur propre royaume."@fr . . . . . "Map_of_the_Gupta_Empire.png"@en . "\u064A\u062A\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062A\u062E\u062F\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u0648\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u062B\u064A\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u062B\u064A\u064A\u0646\u060C \u0648\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u062C\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062C\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064A \u0622\u0633\u064A\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063A\u0631\u0628\u064A \u0644\u0640\u062C\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0622\u0633\u064A\u0627 (\u0633\u0648\u0642\u062F\u064A\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u062E\u062A\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0627\u062A\u0634\u0648\u0633\u064A\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0646\u062F\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0643\u0634\u0645\u064A\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u062C\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064A\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u062C\u0648\u062C\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062A \u0648\u0631\u0627\u062C\u0627\u0633\u062A\u0627\u0646)\u060C \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062A\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0627\u0646\u064A \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0644\u0627\u062F \u062D\u062A\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0644\u0627\u062F. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0648\u064A\u0633 (\u0645\u0648\u062C\u0627) (Maues) \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062F (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0644\u0627\u062F) \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u062D\u0643\u0645 \u0633\u0627\u0643\u0627 \u0641\u064A \u0642\u0646\u062F\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062A\u0645\u062F\u062F \u062A\u062F\u0631\u064A\u062C\u064A\u064B\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u063A\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062F. \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062A\u0647\u0649 \u062D\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u064A\u062B\u064A\u064A\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0622\u062E\u0631 \u0645\u0632\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u063A\u0631\u0628\u064A \u0631\u0648\u062F\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064A\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0627\u0644\u062B (Rudrasimha III) \u0641\u064A 395 \u0645\u064A\u0644\u0627\u062F\u064A."@ar . . "Indo-Scythen"@nl . . . . . "Indo-eszitiarrak edo indo-sakak (pehlevieraz: Sak\u0101\u200E; persieraz/paxtuneraz: \u0633\u0627\u06A9\u0627\u200E; sanskritoz: \u0936\u0915, \u015Aaka; antzinako grezieraz: \u03A3\u03AC\u03BA\u03B1\u03B9; latinez: Sac\u00E6; txinera tradizionalez: \u585E; pinyinez: S\u0101i), pehlevieraz eta sanskritoz, saka edo eszitiar jatorriko zenbait herri izendatzeko erabilitako termino bat da. Hauek ekialdeko irandar herrien multzo garrantzitsu bat osatzen zuten, eurasiar estepako tribu nomada bezala antolatzen zirenak."@eu . "Indo-Parthians"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u30A4\u30F3\u30C9\u30FB\u30B9\u30AD\u30BF\u30A4\u738B\u56FD\uFF08\u30A4\u30F3\u30C9\u30FB\u30B9\u30AD\u30BF\u30A4\u304A\u3046\u3053\u304F\u3001\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1AIndo-Scythian Kingdom\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u7D00\u5143\u524D1\u4E16\u7D00\u306E\u897F\u5317\u30A4\u30F3\u30C9\u306B\u8208\u3063\u305F\u30B9\u30AD\u30BF\u30A4\u7CFB\u306E\u30B5\u30AB\u4EBA\u306B\u3088\u308B\u8AF8\u738B\u671D\u3002\u30A4\u30F3\u30C9\u30FB\u30B9\u30AD\u30BF\u30A4\u671D\u3001\u30A4\u30F3\u30C9\u30FB\u30B5\u30AB\u738B\u671D\u3001\u30B5\u30AB\u738B\u671D\u3001\u30B5\u30AB\u738B\u56FD\u3068\u3082\u3044\u3046\u3002\u30A4\u30F3\u30C9\u30FB\u30B0\u30EA\u30FC\u30AF\u671D\u306E\u6587\u5316\u3092\u53D7\u3051\u7D99\u304E\u3001\u591A\u304F\u306E\u30B3\u30A4\u30F3\u3092\u6B8B\u3057\u305F\u3002"@ja . . . . "Indoskythov\u00E9 jsou v\u011Btv\u00ED \u0160ak\u016F (Skyth\u016F), kte\u0159\u00ED zhruba od 2. stolet\u00ED p\u0159. n. l. do 4. stolet\u00ED migrovali z ji\u017En\u00ED Sibi\u0159e do Baktrie, Sogdiany, Arach\u00F3sie, Gandh\u00E1ry, Ka\u0161m\u00EDru, Pa\u0148d\u017E\u00E1bu a do z\u00E1padn\u00EDch \u010D\u00E1st\u00ED centr\u00E1ln\u00ED Asie. Po vp\u00E1du do Gandh\u00E1ry se v\u016Fbec prvn\u00EDm kr\u00E1lem Indoskyth\u016F stal Maues, kter\u00FD postupn\u011B vybudoval \u0159\u00ED\u0161i zab\u00EDraj\u00EDc\u00ED rozs\u00E1hl\u00E9 \u00FAzem\u00ED na severoz\u00E1pad\u011B Indick\u00E9ho subkontinentu. Vl\u00E1da Indoskyth\u016F v Indii definitivn\u011B skon\u010Dila se smrt\u00ED posledn\u00EDho kr\u00E1le Z\u00E1padn\u00EDch k\u0161atrap\u016F."@cs . . . "Maurya_Empire,_c.250_BCE_2.png"@en . . . . . . . . . "Los indoescitas o sakas (persa medio: Sak\u0101; persa moderno/en past\u00FAn, \u0633\u0627\u06A9\u0627\u200E; s\u00E1nscrito: \u0936\u0915 \u015Aaka; griego: \u03A3\u03AC\u03BA\u03B1\u03B9; lat\u00EDn: Sac\u00E6; en chino, \u585E; pinyin, S\u0101i; chino antiguo: *S\u0259k) es un t\u00E9rmino usado en pahlavi (persa medio) y s\u00E1nscrito para referirse a pueblos escitas, que constitu\u00EDan un importante contingente de pueblos iraniosorientales organizados en forma de tribus n\u00F3madas que poblaban la estepa euroasi\u00E1tica.\u200B\u200B\u200B"@es . . . . . . . . . . . . "Als Indo-Skythische Dynastie wird ein K\u00F6nigreich bezeichnet, das im ersten vorchristlichen bis zur Mitte des ersten nachchristlichen Jahrhunderts in Nordindien bestand. Gr\u00FCnder des Reiches war Maues.Die Ankunft des Maues in Indien ist ungekl\u00E4rt, doch aus chinesischen Quellen erf\u00E4hrt man, dass die Saken (Skythen) aus Zentralasien vertrieben wurden und nach S\u00FCden abwanderten. Vor der Ankunft der Skythen war die Region in der Hand der Indo-Griechen, die M\u00FCnzen mit griechischen Inschriften auf der Vorderseite und Kharoshthiinschriften auf der R\u00FCckseite pr\u00E4gten. Die M\u00FCnzen der Indo-Skythen zeigen dabei meist nicht ein Portr\u00E4t des Herrschers, sondern einen Reiter auf der Vorderseite. Auf der R\u00FCckseite erscheinen weiterhin meist griechische Gottheiten."@de . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "-150"^^ . . . . . . "Gli Indo-sciti sono un ramo dei Saci iranici (Sciti) che migr\u00F2 dalla Siberia in Battria, Sogdiana, Arachosia, Regno di Gandh\u0101ra, Kashmir, Punjab e in zone dell'India centrale e occidentale, Gujarat e Rajasthan, dalla met\u00E0 del II secolo a.C. al V secolo. Il primo sovrano indo-scita in India fu Maues, che conquist\u00F2 il Gandh\u0101ra e si espanse gradualmente in India nord-occidentale; il dominio indo-scita in India termin\u00F2 nel 395, con la morte dell'ultimo satrapo occidentale Rudrasimha III."@it . . "\u0406\u043D\u0434\u043E-\u0441\u043A\u0456\u0444\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0435 \u0446\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E \u2014 \u0441\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043D\u0430 \u0443\u043C\u043E\u0432\u043D\u0430 \u043D\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043E\u0434\u0430\u0432\u043D\u044C\u043E\u0457 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0438, \u044F\u043A\u0430 \u0456\u0441\u043D\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0430 \u0443 I \u0441\u0442. \u0434\u043E \u043D. \u0435.- I \u0441\u0442. \u043D. \u0435. \u043D\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u0441\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u041F\u0430\u043A\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0443, \u0410\u0444\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0443 \u0442\u0430 \u041F\u043D.-\u0417\u0430\u0445. \u0406\u043D\u0434\u0456\u0457. \u0412 \u0435\u043F\u0456\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0456\u0447\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u043F\u0430\u043C'\u044F\u0442\u043A\u0430\u0445 \u0441\u0430\u043A\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u0456\u0432 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043E\u043C\u0430 \u0437\u0433\u0430\u0434\u043A\u0430 \u043D\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438 \u0446\u0456\u0454\u0457 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0438 \u2014 \u0421\u0430\u043A\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D (Sa\u1E35astanasa [\u0410\u0440\u0445\u0456\u0432\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043E 1 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043D\u044F 2021 \u0443 Wayback Machine.]). \u0412 \u0456\u043D\u0434\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0456\u0439 \u043B\u0456\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0456 \u0449\u043E\u0434\u043E \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0456\u0439, \u0437\u0430\u0445\u043E\u043F\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0430\u043A\u0430\u043C\u0438, \u0432\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0432\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0430\u0441\u044F \u043D\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430 \u0428\u0430\u043A\u0430\u0434\u0432\u0456\u043F\u0430."@uk . . . "\u0418\u043D\u0434\u043E-\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0444\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0435 \u0446\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E (\u0438\u043D\u0430\u0447\u0435 \u0418\u043D\u0434\u043E-\u0421\u043A\u0438\u0444\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0435 \u0446\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E) \u2014 \u0430\u043C\u043E\u0440\u0444\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u0432 \u043F\u043B\u0430\u043D\u0435 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0446 \u0433\u043E\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E, \u0441\u043E\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u0432 \u044D\u043F\u043E\u0445\u0443 \u044D\u043B\u043B\u0438\u043D\u0438\u0437\u043C\u0430 \u043D\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0411\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0438, \u0421\u043E\u0433\u0434\u0438\u0430\u043D\u044B, \u0410\u0440\u0430\u0445\u043E\u0441\u0438\u0438, \u0413\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0445\u0430\u0440\u044B, \u041A\u0430\u0448\u043C\u0438\u0440\u0430, \u041F\u0435\u043D\u0434\u0436\u0430\u0431\u0430, \u0420\u0430\u0434\u0436\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0445\u0430\u043D\u0430 \u0438 \u0413\u0443\u0434\u0436\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0432\u043E\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0442\u0432\u044C\u044E \u043A\u043E\u0447\u0435\u0432\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u043B\u0435\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0438 \u0441\u043A\u0438\u0444\u043E\u0432 \u2014 \u0441\u0430\u043A\u0430\u043C\u0438."@ru . . . "Gli Indo-sciti sono un ramo dei Saci iranici (Sciti) che migr\u00F2 dalla Siberia in Battria, Sogdiana, Arachosia, Regno di Gandh\u0101ra, Kashmir, Punjab e in zone dell'India centrale e occidentale, Gujarat e Rajasthan, dalla met\u00E0 del II secolo a.C. al V secolo. Il primo sovrano indo-scita in India fu Maues, che conquist\u00F2 il Gandh\u0101ra e si espanse gradualmente in India nord-occidentale; il dominio indo-scita in India termin\u00F2 nel 395, con la morte dell'ultimo satrapo occidentale Rudrasimha III."@it . . "Kerajaan India-Skithia atau Kerajaan Saka adalah kerajaan di India utara dan Asia Tengah dari dari sekitar 200 SM sampai 400 M. Kerajaan ini berdiri seiring migrasi bangsa Skithia (disebut juga bangsa Saka) ke Baktria, Sogdiana, , Gandhara, Kashmir, , Gujarat, Maharashtra dan Rajasthan. Raja Saka pertama di India adalah atau Moga yang mendirikan kekuasaan bangsa Saka di Gandhara dan secara berangsur-angsur memperluas wilayahnya ke India barat laut. Kerajaan India-Skithia berakhir dengan yang terakhir adalah pada 395 M."@in . . . . "Indo-Scythians"@en . "Los indoescitas o sakas (persa medio: Sak\u0101; persa moderno/en past\u00FAn, \u0633\u0627\u06A9\u0627\u200E; s\u00E1nscrito: \u0936\u0915 \u015Aaka; griego: \u03A3\u03AC\u03BA\u03B1\u03B9; lat\u00EDn: Sac\u00E6; en chino, \u585E; pinyin, S\u0101i; chino antiguo: *S\u0259k) es un t\u00E9rmino usado en pahlavi (persa medio) y s\u00E1nscrito para referirse a pueblos escitas, que constitu\u00EDan un importante contingente de pueblos iraniosorientales organizados en forma de tribus n\u00F3madas que poblaban la estepa euroasi\u00E1tica.\u200B\u200B\u200B"@es . . "El regne Indo-Escita fou un estat format pels n\u00F2mades de les estepes principalment saces (saces, saques, singular saka), d'origen escita, encara que barrejats amb altres grups alguns dels quals no eren escites, que van emigrar a parts de l'\u00C0sia Central, Sogdiana, Bactriana, Arac\u00F2sia, Gandhara, Caixmir, Panjab, Haryana, Gujarat i Rajasthan vers la meitat del segle ii aC, i van governar la zona fins al segle iv."@ca . . . . . . . . . . . . "Indoskythov\u00E9"@cs . . "Indo-Scythian Kingdom"@en . . . "400"^^ . . "Kushan_Empire_.jpg"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "De Indo-Scythen waren Sakische stammen die in de 1e eeuw v.Chr. vanuit Centraal-Azi\u00EB het Indisch subcontinent binnenvielen en tot de 4e eeuw AD een belangrijke rol in de geschiedenis van Zuid-Azi\u00EB speelden. De Saken maakten deel uit van de algemene Scythische cultuur en worden daarom ook als Scythen aangeduid."@nl . . . . . . . . "\u0418\u043D\u0434\u043E-\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0444\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0435 \u0446\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E"@ru . . "\u5370\u5EA6-\u65AF\u57FA\u6CF0\u4EBA\uFF08Indo-Scythians\uFF09\uFF0C\u6216\u4E5F\u7A31\u70BA\u5370\u5EA6-\u585E\u8FE6\u4EBA\uFF08Indo-Sakas\uFF09\u6216\u5370\u5EA6-\u585E\u7A2E\u4EBA\uFF0C\u662F\u4F0A\u6717\u4EBA\u4E2D\u7684\u585E\u8FE6\u4EBA\u548C\u65AF\u57FA\u6CF0\u4EBA\uFF0C\u4EE5\u6E38\u7267\u70BA\u751F\uFF0C\u4ED6\u5011\u5728\u516C\u5143\u524D2\u4E16\u7D00\u4E2D\u8449\u5230\u516C\u51434\u4E16\u7D00\u4E4B\u9593\uFF0C\u5411\u5357\u9077\u79FB\u5230\u5357\u4E9E\u7684\u897F\u90E8\u548C\u5317\u90E8\uFF08\u5305\u62EC\u7C9F\u7279\u3001\u5DF4\u514B\u7279\u91CC\u4E9E\u3001\u963F\u62C9\u970D\u897F\u4E9E\u3001\u5065\u99B1\u908F\u3001\u4FE1\u5FB7\u3001\u514B\u4EC0\u7C73\u723E\u3001\u65C1\u906E\u666E\u3001\u54C8\u91CC\u4E9E\u7D0D\u90A6\u3001\u5317\u65B9\u90A6\u3001\u6BD4\u54C8\u723E\u90A6\u3001\u62C9\u8CC8\u65AF\u5766\u90A6\u3001\u53E4\u5409\u62C9\u7279\u90A6\u3001\u548C\u99AC\u54C8\u62C9\u65BD\u7279\u62C9\u90A6\uFF09\u3002 \uFF08Maue\u200B\u200Bs\uFF0C\u6216\u7A31Moga\uFF09\uFF08\u516C\u5143\u524D1\u4E16\u7D00\uFF09\u662F\u9996\u4F4D\u5357\u4E9E\u7684\u585E\u8FE6\u570B\u738B\uFF0C\u4ED6\u5728\u5065\u99B1\u908F\u548C\u5370\u5EA6\u6CB3\u8C37\u5EFA\u7ACB\u585E\u8FE6\u52E2\u529B\u3002\u5370\u5EA6-\u65AF\u57FA\u6CF0\u4EBA\u5728\u5370\u5EA6\u897F\u5317\u90E8\u64F4\u5C55\u9738\u6B0A\uFF0C\u5F81\u670D\u5370\u5EA6-\u5E0C\u81D8\u738B\u570B\u548C\u5176\u4ED6\u5730\u65B9\u6027\u5C0F\u738B\u570B\u3002\u4ED6\u5011\u5F8C\u4F86\u986F\u7136\u88AB\u8CB4\u971C\u5E1D\u570B\u7684\u4E18\u5C31\u537B\uFF08\u6216\u662F\u8FE6\u81A9\u8272\u4F3D\u4E00\u4E16\uFF09\u6240\u5F81\u670D\u3002\u7136\u800C\u585E\u8FE6\u4EBA\u4ECD\u7E7C\u7E8C\u64D4\u4EFB\u8CB4\u971C\u5E1D\u570B\u7684\u7E3D\u7763\uFF0C\u4E16\u8972\u7D71\u6CBB\u7576\u5730\uFF0C\u5305\u542B\u6709\uFF08Nothern Satraps\uFF09\u548C\u897F\u85A9\u7279\u62C9\u666E\u738B\u671D\uFF08Western Satraps\uFF09\u3002\u5728\u516C\u51432\u4E16\u7D00\uFF0C\u767E\u4E58\u738B\u671D\u7684\u541B\u738B\u64CA\u6557\u5370\u5EA6-\u65AF\u57FA\u6CF0\u4EBA\u4E4B\u5F8C\uFF0C\u585E\u8FE6\u7D71\u6CBB\u8005\u7684\u6B0A\u529B\u958B\u59CB\u8870\u843D\u3002\u897F\u85A9\u7279\u62C9\u666E\u738B\u671D\u7684\u672B\u4EE3\u7D71\u6CBB\u8005\u88AB\u7B08\u591A\u738B\u671D\u541B\u738B\u65C3\u9640\u7F85\u00B7\u7B08\u591A\u4E8C\u4E16\u64CA\u6557\u5F8C\uFF0C\u5370\u5EA6-\u65AF\u57FA\u6CF0\u4EBA\u5728\u5370\u5EA6\u6B21\u5927\u9678\u897F\u5317\u90E8\u7684\u7D71\u6CBB\u5373\u544A\u7D42\u6B62\u3002 \u5305\u62EC\u963F\u91CC\u5B89\u548C\u514B\u52DE\u72C4\u70CF\u65AF\u00B7\u6258\u52D2\u5BC6\u5728\u5167\u7684\u53E4\u7F85\u99AC\u6B77\u53F2\u5B78\u5BB6\u5011\u66FE\u63D0\u5230\u53E4\u4EE3\u585E\u8FE6\u662F\u6E38\u7267\u6C11\u65CF\u3002\u7136\u800C\u5B78\u8005\u4F0A\u5854\u6D1B\u00B7\u9686\u5361\uFF08Italo Ronca\uFF09\u5728\u5C0D\u6258\u52D2\u5BC6\u8457\u4F5C\u7684\u7B2C\u516D\u7AE0\u9032\u884C\u8A73\u7D30\u7814\u7A76\u5F8C\u6307\u51FA\uFF1A\u201C\u585E\u8FE6\u4EBA\u5C6C\u65BC\u6E38\u7267\u6C11\u65CF\uFF0C\u4ED6\u5011\u6C92\u6709\u57CE\u93AE\uFF0C\u53EA\u5C45\u4F4F\u5728\u68EE\u6797\u548C\u6D1E\u7A74\u4E2D\u201D\u7684\u8AAA\u6CD5\u4E0D\u4E00\u5B9A\u7B26\u5408\u4E8B\u5BE6\u3002"@zh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Maurya Empire"@en . . . . . . . . "De Indo-Scythen waren Sakische stammen die in de 1e eeuw v.Chr. vanuit Centraal-Azi\u00EB het Indisch subcontinent binnenvielen en tot de 4e eeuw AD een belangrijke rol in de geschiedenis van Zuid-Azi\u00EB speelden. De Saken maakten deel uit van de algemene Scythische cultuur en worden daarom ook als Scythen aangeduid. Tussen de 1e eeuw v.Chr. en 1e eeuw n.Chr. werd een groot gebied in het noordwesten van Zuid-Azi\u00EB geregeerd door waarschijnlijk boeddhistische Indo-Scythische koningen. De eerste van deze koningen was Maues (rond 85 v.Chr.). De Indo-Scythische heersers kwamen in de plaats van Indo-Griekse heersers, die op hun beurt een eeuw eerder het noordwesten van India hadden veroverd. Onder veroverden de Indo-Scythen een groot deel van het noorden van India. Desondanks was waarschijnlijk geen sprake van een centralistisch geregeerd rijk, maar een losse confederatie van stammen en leiders. Het Indo-Scythische rijk werd aan het einde van de 1e eeuw AD opgevolgd door twee nieuwe groepen invallers, de Indo-Parthen en Kushana. Een lokale dynastie van oorspronkelijk Indo-Scythische heersers, de westelijke satrapen, bleef tot het einde van de 4e eeuw het gebied rond Gujarat, Saurashtra, Malwa en grote delen van het huidige Rajasthan en Madhya Pradesh regeren."@nl . . . . "Indo-Greek Kingdom"@en . . . "Derafsh_Kaviani_flag_of_the_late_Sassanid_Empire.svg"@en . . "Monarchy"@en . . . "0400"^^ . . . . . . . "Map_of_the_Indo-Greeks.png"@en . . . . . . . "Kerajaan India-Skithia atau Kerajaan Saka adalah kerajaan di India utara dan Asia Tengah dari dari sekitar 200 SM sampai 400 M. Kerajaan ini berdiri seiring migrasi bangsa Skithia (disebut juga bangsa Saka) ke Baktria, Sogdiana, , Gandhara, Kashmir, , Gujarat, Maharashtra dan Rajasthan. Sejarawan kuno seperti Arrian dan Ptolemaios menyebut bahwa bangsa Saka pada awalnya adalah bangsa yang nomaden. Ptolemaios menulis bahwa \"Tanah bangsa Saka adalah milik kamu nomaden, mereka tidak memiliki kota tetapi menghuni hutan dan gua.\" Namun, Italo Ronca, dalam studinya yang terinci mengenai naskah Ptolemaios, mengatakan bahwa keterangan Ptolemaios meragukan. Raja Saka pertama di India adalah atau Moga yang mendirikan kekuasaan bangsa Saka di Gandhara dan secara berangsur-angsur memperluas wilayahnya ke India barat laut. Kerajaan India-Skithia berakhir dengan yang terakhir adalah pada 395 M."@in . 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"\u5370\u5EA6-\u65AF\u57FA\u6CF0\u738B\u570B"@zh . . . . . . "Sassanid Empire"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Indo-sciti"@it . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Prakrit"@en . . "Greco-BactrianKingdomMap.jpg"@en . . "Indoskyter \u00E4r en samlande ben\u00E4mning p\u00E5 olika iranska folk i Centralasien som seklerna kring \u00E5r 0 bildade riken i det som numera \u00E4r Afghanistan, Pakistan och nordv\u00E4stra delen av Indien. I indisk historieskrivning \u00E4r de k\u00E4nda som shakas (se saker). Det indoskytiska riket i norra Indien vid Kristi f\u00F6delse leddes av en , som i kristen tradition f\u00F6rknippas med en av de tre vise m\u00E4nnen (senare kallad Kasper)."@sv . "Gupta Empire"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Indo-eszitiarrak"@eu . "\u0406\u043D\u0434\u043E-\u0441\u043A\u0456\u0444\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0435 \u0446\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E \u2014 \u0441\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043D\u0430 \u0443\u043C\u043E\u0432\u043D\u0430 \u043D\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043E\u0434\u0430\u0432\u043D\u044C\u043E\u0457 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0438, \u044F\u043A\u0430 \u0456\u0441\u043D\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0430 \u0443 I \u0441\u0442. \u0434\u043E \u043D. \u0435.- I \u0441\u0442. \u043D. \u0435. \u043D\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u0441\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u041F\u0430\u043A\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0443, \u0410\u0444\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0443 \u0442\u0430 \u041F\u043D.-\u0417\u0430\u0445. \u0406\u043D\u0434\u0456\u0457. \u0412 \u0435\u043F\u0456\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0456\u0447\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u043F\u0430\u043C'\u044F\u0442\u043A\u0430\u0445 \u0441\u0430\u043A\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u0456\u0432 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043E\u043C\u0430 \u0437\u0433\u0430\u0434\u043A\u0430 \u043D\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438 \u0446\u0456\u0454\u0457 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0438 \u2014 \u0421\u0430\u043A\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D (Sa\u1E35astanasa [\u0410\u0440\u0445\u0456\u0432\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043E 1 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043D\u044F 2021 \u0443 Wayback Machine.]). \u0412 \u0456\u043D\u0434\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0456\u0439 \u043B\u0456\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0456 \u0449\u043E\u0434\u043E \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0456\u0439, \u0437\u0430\u0445\u043E\u043F\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0430\u043A\u0430\u043C\u0438, \u0432\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0432\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0430\u0441\u044F \u043D\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430 \u0428\u0430\u043A\u0430\u0434\u0432\u0456\u043F\u0430."@uk . . . . . . . . . . . "\uC778\uB3C4-\uC2A4\uD0A4\uD0C0\uC774(\uC601\uC5B4: Indo-Scythians, \uD398\uB974\uC2DC\uC544\uC5B4: \u067E\u0627\u062F\u0634\u0627\u0647\u06CC \u0647\u0646\u062F\u0648\u0633\u06A9\u0627\u06CC\u06CC) \uB610\uB294 \uC778\uB3C4-\uC0AC\uCE74(\uC601\uC5B4: Indo-Sakas, \uC911\uAD6D\uC5B4: \u5370\u5EA6-\u585E\u8FE6)\uB294 \uC2A4\uD0A4\uD0C0\uC774 \uCD9C\uC2E0\uC758 \uC774\uB780\uC871 \uC720\uBAA9\uBBFC\uB4E4\uB85C, 2\uC138\uAE30 \uC911\uBC18\uBD80\uD130 4\uC138\uAE30 \uC0AC\uC774\uC5D0 \uC911\uC559\uC544\uC2DC\uC544\uB85C\uBD80\uD130 \uB0A8\uCABD\uC73C\uB85C \uC774\uC8FC\uD574 \uC624\uB298\uB0A0 \uD30C\uD0A4\uC2A4\uD0C4\uACFC \uBD81\uC11C\uC778\uB3C4\uC5D0 \uC790\uB9AC\uC7A1\uAC8C \uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uC778\uB3C4\uC758 \uCCAB \uC0AC\uCE74 \uC655\uC740 \uB85C, \uAC04\uB2E4\uB77C\uC640 \uD30C\uD0A4\uC2A4\uD0C4, \uC778\uB354\uC2A4 \uACC4\uACE1 \uC77C\uB300\uC5D0 \uC0AC\uCE74\uC758 \uC9C0\uBC30\uAD8C\uC744 \uD655\uB9BD\uD588\uB2E4. \uC778\uB3C4-\uC2A4\uD0A4\uD0C0\uC774\uC778\uB4E4\uC740 \uBD81\uC11C\uC778\uB3C4\uB85C \uC601\uC5ED\uC744 \uD655\uC7A5\uD558\uBA70 \uC778\uB3C4-\uADF8\uB9AC\uC2A4 \uC655\uAD6D\uC744 \uBE44\uB86F\uD55C \uC5EC\uB7EC \uC9C0\uC5ED \uC655\uAD6D\uB4E4\uC744 \uC815\uBCF5\uD588\uB2E4. \uC778\uB3C4-\uC2A4\uD0A4\uD0C0\uC774\uC778\uB4E4\uC740 \uCFE0\uC0E8 \uC81C\uAD6D\uC758 \uB098 \uCE74\uB2C8\uC288\uCE74\uC5D0 \uC758\uD574 \uC815\uBCF5\uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uD558\uC9C0\uB9CC \uC0AC\uCE74\uB294 \uC0AC\uD2B8\uB77C\uD504\uB85C\uC11C \uC774 \uC77C\uB300\uB97C \uD1B5\uCE58\uD558\uC600\uACE0, \uC774\uB4E4\uC740 \uC640 \uC11C\uC0AC\uD2B8\uB77C\uD504\uB97C \uD615\uC131\uD588\uB2E4. \uC11C\uAE30 2\uC138\uAE30\uC5D0 \uC778\uB3C4-\uC2A4\uD0A4\uD0C0\uC774\uC778\uB4E4\uC774 \uC0AC\uD0C0\uBC14\uD558\uB098\uC758 \uD669\uC81C \uC5D0\uAC8C \uD328\uBC30\uD55C \uD6C4 \uC0AC\uCE74\uC758 \uC9C0\uBC30\uC790\uB4E4\uC740 \uC1E0\uD1F4\uD558\uAE30 \uC2DC\uC791\uD588\uB2E4. \uC11C\uC0AC\uD2B8\uB77C\uD504\uC758 \uAC00 \uAD7D\uD0C0 \uC81C\uAD6D\uC758 \uCC2C\uB4DC\uB77C\uAD7D\uD0C0 2\uC138\uC5D0\uAC8C \uD328\uBC30\uD558\uBA74\uC11C \uC778\uB3C4-\uC2A4\uD0A4\uD0C0\uC774\uC778\uC758 \uBD81\uC11C\uC778\uB3C4 \uC9C0\uBC30\uB3C4 \uB05D\uB098\uAC8C \uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uC544\uB9AC\uC544\uB178\uC2A4\uC640 \uD074\uB77C\uC6B0\uB514\uC624\uC2A4 \uD504\uD1A8\uB808\uB9C8\uC774\uC624\uC2A4\uB97C \uD3EC\uD568\uD55C \uACE0\uB300 \uB85C\uB9C8 \uC5ED\uC0AC\uD559\uC790\uB4E4\uC740 \uACE0\uB300 \uC0AC\uCE74\uC2A4(\"Sakai\")\uAC00 \uC720\uBAA9\uBBFC\uC774\uC5C8\uB2E4\uACE0 \uC5B8\uAE09\uD588\uC9C0\uB9CC, \uC774\uD0C8\uB85C \uB860\uCE74\uB294 \uD504\uD1A8\uB808\uB9C8\uC774\uC624\uC2A4\uB97C \uC5F0\uAD6C\uD558\uBA74\uC11C \"\uC0AC\uCE74\uC774\uC758 \uB545\uC740 \uC720\uBAA9\uBBFC\uB4E4\uC758 \uAC83\uC774\uACE0, \uADF8\uB4E4\uC740 \uC232\uACFC \uB3D9\uAD74\uC5D0 \uC0AC\uB294 \uAC83 \uC678\uC5D0\uB294 \uB9C8\uC744\uC774 \uC5C6\uB2E4.\"\uB294 \uAC83\uC5D0 \uB300\uD574 \uAC70\uC9D3\uC774\uB77C\uACE0 \uC8FC\uC7A5\uD588\uB2E4."@ko . "El regne Indo-Escita fou un estat format pels n\u00F2mades de les estepes principalment saces (saces, saques, singular saka), d'origen escita, encara que barrejats amb altres grups alguns dels quals no eren escites, que van emigrar a parts de l'\u00C0sia Central, Sogdiana, Bactriana, Arac\u00F2sia, Gandhara, Caixmir, Panjab, Haryana, Gujarat i Rajasthan vers la meitat del segle ii aC, i van governar la zona fins al segle iv. Saka fou m\u00E9s un nom gen\u00E8ric que el nom d'un estat o un grup \u00E8tnic; les tribus saka formaven un congloemerat cultural sorgit dels n\u00F2mades de Sib\u00E8ria i l'estepa d'\u00C0sia central de Sinkiang a la mar Negra. Com els escites als que Her\u00F2dot descriu a la seva Hist\u00F2ria (Saka \u00E9s una paraula irania que qeuival a la grega \"scythos\" o \"escites\" i molts historiadors parlen d'ells com els saka-escites), els saces foren guerrers n\u00F2mades de llengua iraniana que lluitaven en carros a les batalles, sacrificaven cavalls i enterraven els seus morts en carros o en tombes de terra anomenades kurgan.\". Els saces van donar nom al Sakastan (part de l'Afganistan i de l'Iran oriental) derivat a Sistan. Els historiadors cl\u00E0ssics inclosos Arri\u00E0 i Claudi Ptolemeu, consideraven els sakai (saces) com a n\u00F2mades per\u00F2 Italo Ronca, en el seu detallat estudi sobre el cap\u00EDtol VI de Ptolemeu, remarca una sent\u00E8ncia que considera esp\u00FAria: \"La terra dels sakai pertanyia als n\u00F2mades, que no tenien poblacions i vivien en boscos i coves. El primer rei saka fou Maues (Moga) que va establir el poder saka a Gandhara, T\u00E0xila i el Panjab occidental (vers 80 aC). Probablement a la mort de Maues (vers 70 aC o 60 aC), el indogrec Apol\u00B7lodot II va reconquerir T\u00E0xila, encara que no se sap si era enemic de Maues i els seus descendents o hi estava aliat o relacionat per algun enlla\u00E7. Els darrers reis indogrecs de fet haurien estat una barreja de grecs i escites. R. C. Senior suggereix que Apol\u00B7lodot va fer alian\u00E7a amb un altre rei escita, Azes I. Els escites dominaven Gandhara que van perdre a la mort de Maues i petits reietons barrejats o d'origen incert, com Art\u00E8midor Anicet, fill de Maues (al Panjab occidental), o Tel\u00E8fos (a Gandhara), i fins i tot Menandre II (Gandhara i Arac\u00F2sia), van emergir a la zona (probablement eren reis anteriors a la conquesta de Maues i s'havien sotm\u00E8s a aquest). Aquestos reis no foren rivals per Apol\u00B7lodot II, que en alguna de les seves monedes assoleix el t\u00EDtol de Basileus Megas (grec: \u0392\u0391\u03A3\u0399\u039B\u0395\u03A5\u03A3 \u039C\u0395\u0393\u0391\u03A3 \"Gran Rei\"), com a continuaci\u00F3 de Maues, que es titulava \"Gran Rei de Reis\". La invasi\u00F3 de les tribus escites de l'\u00C0sia central (coneguts com a indo-escites) va tenir una part destacada a la hist\u00F2ria d'\u00C0sia del sud i pa\u00EFsos propers com Bactriana, Kabul, P\u00E0rtia i regnes de l'\u00CDndia."@ca . . "Als Indo-Skythische Dynastie wird ein K\u00F6nigreich bezeichnet, das im ersten vorchristlichen bis zur Mitte des ersten nachchristlichen Jahrhunderts in Nordindien bestand. Gr\u00FCnder des Reiches war Maues.Die Ankunft des Maues in Indien ist ungekl\u00E4rt, doch aus chinesischen Quellen erf\u00E4hrt man, dass die Saken (Skythen) aus Zentralasien vertrieben wurden und nach S\u00FCden abwanderten. Vor der Ankunft der Skythen war die Region in der Hand der Indo-Griechen, die M\u00FCnzen mit griechischen Inschriften auf der Vorderseite und Kharoshthiinschriften auf der R\u00FCckseite pr\u00E4gten. Die M\u00FCnzen der Indo-Skythen zeigen dabei meist nicht ein Portr\u00E4t des Herrschers, sondern einen Reiter auf der Vorderseite. Auf der R\u00FCckseite erscheinen weiterhin meist griechische Gottheiten.(Hauptartikel: Saken)\nDie Beziehung der Indo-Griechen zu den Skythen ist unklar. Die fr\u00FChere Forschung ging davon aus, dass die Indo-Griechen von den Skythen geschlagen und vernichtet wurden. Es gibt jedoch auch Anzeichen von einer Koexistenz, wof\u00FCr auch spricht, dass die indo-skythischen M\u00FCnzen nach griechischen Vorbildern erstellt wurden. Einige indo-griechische Herrscher scheinen zu Vasallen der Indo-Skythen geworden zu sein und pr\u00E4gten weiterhin eigene M\u00FCnzen und konnten diese auch zeitweise zur\u00FCckdr\u00E4ngen. Der Umfang des Reiches von Maues, der sich K\u00F6nig der K\u00F6nige nannte, ist aus den M\u00FCnzpr\u00E4gungen erkennbar. Demnach regierte er in Hazara, Kaschmir, Taxila und Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (Nordpakistan und Teile von Afghanistan). Maues, der Gr\u00FCnder des Reiches, starb um 85 v. Chr. Die Situation nach seinem Tod ist schwer zu rekonstruieren. Es finden sich nun in verschiedenen Regionen diverse Herrscher, die meist nur von ihren M\u00FCnzpr\u00E4gungen bekannt sind. Ihre Beziehung zueinander ist meist unklar. Es ist im Einzelfall oftmals schwer zu entscheiden, ob ein bestimmter Herrscher, \u00FCber das ganze Reich regierte, Vasall, oder Herrscher eines kleinen unabh\u00E4ngigen Reiches war. Mit Azes I. (57\u201335 v. Chr.) begann um 58/57 v. Chr. eine neue \u00C4ra (Zeitrechnung) und der Herrscher scheint gro\u00DFe Teile von Nordindien, darunter auch Mathura erobert zu haben, doch gab es anscheinend weiterhin neben ihm lokale Herrscher. Azes II. (ca. 35\u201312 v. Chr.) verlor das Industal, konnte aber Teile von Afghanistan erobern. Am Ende seiner Regierungszeit gibt es weitere Verfallserscheinungen, in dem sich weitere Vasallen vom Reich losl\u00F6sten. Im ersten nachchristlichen Jahrhundert wurden die Indo-Skythen langsam von den Kuschan und Indo-Parthern verdr\u00E4ngt, wobei sich die letzteren in der M\u00FCnzpr\u00E4gung stark an die Indo-Skythen anlehnten und die Indo-Parther auch oftmals als Teil der Indo-Skythen betrachtet werden."@de . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0406\u043D\u0434\u043E-\u0441\u043A\u0456\u0444\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0435 \u0446\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E"@uk . . . . "Kerajaan India-Skithia"@in . . . "\u5370\u5EA6-\u65AF\u57FA\u6CF0\u4EBA\uFF08Indo-Scythians\uFF09\uFF0C\u6216\u4E5F\u7A31\u70BA\u5370\u5EA6-\u585E\u8FE6\u4EBA\uFF08Indo-Sakas\uFF09\u6216\u5370\u5EA6-\u585E\u7A2E\u4EBA\uFF0C\u662F\u4F0A\u6717\u4EBA\u4E2D\u7684\u585E\u8FE6\u4EBA\u548C\u65AF\u57FA\u6CF0\u4EBA\uFF0C\u4EE5\u6E38\u7267\u70BA\u751F\uFF0C\u4ED6\u5011\u5728\u516C\u5143\u524D2\u4E16\u7D00\u4E2D\u8449\u5230\u516C\u51434\u4E16\u7D00\u4E4B\u9593\uFF0C\u5411\u5357\u9077\u79FB\u5230\u5357\u4E9E\u7684\u897F\u90E8\u548C\u5317\u90E8\uFF08\u5305\u62EC\u7C9F\u7279\u3001\u5DF4\u514B\u7279\u91CC\u4E9E\u3001\u963F\u62C9\u970D\u897F\u4E9E\u3001\u5065\u99B1\u908F\u3001\u4FE1\u5FB7\u3001\u514B\u4EC0\u7C73\u723E\u3001\u65C1\u906E\u666E\u3001\u54C8\u91CC\u4E9E\u7D0D\u90A6\u3001\u5317\u65B9\u90A6\u3001\u6BD4\u54C8\u723E\u90A6\u3001\u62C9\u8CC8\u65AF\u5766\u90A6\u3001\u53E4\u5409\u62C9\u7279\u90A6\u3001\u548C\u99AC\u54C8\u62C9\u65BD\u7279\u62C9\u90A6\uFF09\u3002 \uFF08Maue\u200B\u200Bs\uFF0C\u6216\u7A31Moga\uFF09\uFF08\u516C\u5143\u524D1\u4E16\u7D00\uFF09\u662F\u9996\u4F4D\u5357\u4E9E\u7684\u585E\u8FE6\u570B\u738B\uFF0C\u4ED6\u5728\u5065\u99B1\u908F\u548C\u5370\u5EA6\u6CB3\u8C37\u5EFA\u7ACB\u585E\u8FE6\u52E2\u529B\u3002\u5370\u5EA6-\u65AF\u57FA\u6CF0\u4EBA\u5728\u5370\u5EA6\u897F\u5317\u90E8\u64F4\u5C55\u9738\u6B0A\uFF0C\u5F81\u670D\u5370\u5EA6-\u5E0C\u81D8\u738B\u570B\u548C\u5176\u4ED6\u5730\u65B9\u6027\u5C0F\u738B\u570B\u3002\u4ED6\u5011\u5F8C\u4F86\u986F\u7136\u88AB\u8CB4\u971C\u5E1D\u570B\u7684\u4E18\u5C31\u537B\uFF08\u6216\u662F\u8FE6\u81A9\u8272\u4F3D\u4E00\u4E16\uFF09\u6240\u5F81\u670D\u3002\u7136\u800C\u585E\u8FE6\u4EBA\u4ECD\u7E7C\u7E8C\u64D4\u4EFB\u8CB4\u971C\u5E1D\u570B\u7684\u7E3D\u7763\uFF0C\u4E16\u8972\u7D71\u6CBB\u7576\u5730\uFF0C\u5305\u542B\u6709\uFF08Nothern Satraps\uFF09\u548C\u897F\u85A9\u7279\u62C9\u666E\u738B\u671D\uFF08Western Satraps\uFF09\u3002\u5728\u516C\u51432\u4E16\u7D00\uFF0C\u767E\u4E58\u738B\u671D\u7684\u541B\u738B\u64CA\u6557\u5370\u5EA6-\u65AF\u57FA\u6CF0\u4EBA\u4E4B\u5F8C\uFF0C\u585E\u8FE6\u7D71\u6CBB\u8005\u7684\u6B0A\u529B\u958B\u59CB\u8870\u843D\u3002\u897F\u85A9\u7279\u62C9\u666E\u738B\u671D\u7684\u672B\u4EE3\u7D71\u6CBB\u8005\u88AB\u7B08\u591A\u738B\u671D\u541B\u738B\u65C3\u9640\u7F85\u00B7\u7B08\u591A\u4E8C\u4E16\u64CA\u6557\u5F8C\uFF0C\u5370\u5EA6-\u65AF\u57FA\u6CF0\u4EBA\u5728\u5370\u5EA6\u6B21\u5927\u9678\u897F\u5317\u90E8\u7684\u7D71\u6CBB\u5373\u544A\u7D42\u6B62\u3002 \u4F86\u81EA\u4E2D\u4E9E\u7684\u65AF\u57FA\u6CF0\u4EBA\u90E8\u843D\u4FB5\u5165\u5370\u5EA6\u6B21\u5927\u9678\u5317\u90E8\u5730\u5340\uFF0C\u5C0D\u5370\u5EA6\u53CA\u9644\u8FD1\u570B\u5BB6\u7684\u6B77\u53F2\u4E2D\u6709\u91CD\u5927\u7684\u5F71\u97FF\u3002\u5BE6\u969B\u4E0A\uFF0C\u9019\u4E9B\u90E8\u65CF\u5F15\u8D77\u7684\u6230\u722D\u53EA\u662F\u4E2D\u4E9E\u6E38\u7267\u6C11\u65CF\u5728\u516C\u5143\u524D2\u4E16\u7D00\u8207\u5308\u5974\u7B49\u90E8\u843D\u885D\u7A81\u5F8C\uFF0C\u9003\u96E2\u904E\u7A0B\u4E2D\u6240\u5F15\u767C\u4E8B\u4EF6\u4E2D\u7684\u4E00\u7AE0\uFF0C\u5C0D\u5DF4\u514B\u7279\u91CC\u4E9E\u3001\u5580\u5E03\u723E\u3001\u5370\u5EA6\u6B21\u5927\u9678\u3001\u4EE5\u53CA\u9059\u9060\u897F\u65B9\u7684\u7F85\u99AC\uFF0C\u4EE5\u53CA\u897F\u65B9\u4E0D\u9060\u7684\u5E15\u63D0\u4E9E\uFF08\u65E5\u5F8C\u7684\u5B89\u606F\u5E1D\u570B\uFF09\u5747\u7522\u751F\u9577\u9060\u7684\u5F71\u97FF\u3002 \u5305\u62EC\u963F\u91CC\u5B89\u548C\u514B\u52DE\u72C4\u70CF\u65AF\u00B7\u6258\u52D2\u5BC6\u5728\u5167\u7684\u53E4\u7F85\u99AC\u6B77\u53F2\u5B78\u5BB6\u5011\u66FE\u63D0\u5230\u53E4\u4EE3\u585E\u8FE6\u662F\u6E38\u7267\u6C11\u65CF\u3002\u7136\u800C\u5B78\u8005\u4F0A\u5854\u6D1B\u00B7\u9686\u5361\uFF08Italo Ronca\uFF09\u5728\u5C0D\u6258\u52D2\u5BC6\u8457\u4F5C\u7684\u7B2C\u516D\u7AE0\u9032\u884C\u8A73\u7D30\u7814\u7A76\u5F8C\u6307\u51FA\uFF1A\u201C\u585E\u8FE6\u4EBA\u5C6C\u65BC\u6E38\u7267\u6C11\u65CF\uFF0C\u4ED6\u5011\u6C92\u6709\u57CE\u93AE\uFF0C\u53EA\u5C45\u4F4F\u5728\u68EE\u6797\u548C\u6D1E\u7A74\u4E2D\u201D\u7684\u8AAA\u6CD5\u4E0D\u4E00\u5B9A\u7B26\u5408\u4E8B\u5BE6\u3002"@zh . "Indo-Scythians (also called Indo-Sakas) were a group of nomadic Iranian peoples of Scythian origin who migrated from Central Asia southward into modern day Pakistan and North Western India from the middle of the 2nd century BCE to the 4th century CE. Ancient Roman historians, including Arrian and Claudius Ptolemy, have mentioned that the ancient Sakas (\"Sakai\") were nomadic people. However, Italo Ronca, in his detailed study of Ptolemy's chapter vi, states: \"The land of the Sakai belongs to nomads, they have no towns but dwell in forests and caves\" as spurious."@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Indoescitas"@es . . . . . . . . "\u30A4\u30F3\u30C9\u30FB\u30B9\u30AD\u30BF\u30A4\u738B\u56FD"@ja . . . 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\u063A\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062F. \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062A\u0647\u0649 \u062D\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u064A\u062B\u064A\u064A\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0622\u062E\u0631 \u0645\u0632\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u063A\u0631\u0628\u064A \u0631\u0648\u062F\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064A\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0627\u0644\u062B (Rudrasimha III) \u0641\u064A 395 \u0645\u064A\u0644\u0627\u062F\u064A. \u0644\u0639\u0628 \u063A\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062F \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u064A\u062B\u064A\u064A\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u0633\u064A\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649\u060C \u063A\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064B\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064A\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064A\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063A\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062F\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u064A\u062B\u064A\u064A\u0646\u064A\u060C \u062F\u0648\u0631\u064B\u0627 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\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0631\u064F\u0651\u062D\u0651\u0644. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060C \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0625\u064A\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0646\u0643\u0627 (Italo Ronca) \u0641\u064A \u062F\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062A\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0641\u0635\u064A\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0637\u0644\u064A\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062F\u0633\u060C \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064A\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629: \u00AB\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0633\u0627\u0643\u0627\u064A \u062A\u0646\u062A\u0645\u064A \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062F\u0648\u060C \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u064A\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062F\u0646\u064B\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064A\u0639\u064A\u0634\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u063A\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062A \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0648\u0641\u00BB \u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629."@ar . . . . "63969"^^ . . . . . . . . "Indo-Scythian Kingdom"@en . . . . . . . . . "Greco-Bactrian Kingdom"@en . . . . . . . "Les Indo-Scythes sont une branche des Saces (Scythes) Indo-Europ\u00E9ens des steppes eurasiennes qui ont migr\u00E9 de la Sib\u00E9rie du sud en Bactriane, en Sogdiane, au Cachemire et finalement jusqu\u2019en Arachosie puis en Inde du milieu du IIe si\u00E8cle av. J.-C. au Ier si\u00E8cle av. J.-C. Leur royaume s'\u00E9tendit progressivement et temporairement sur l'Afghanistan, le Pakistan et une partie de l'Inde du Nord-Ouest du IIe si\u00E8cle av. J.-C. jusqu'\u00E0 la fin du Ier si\u00E8cle av. J.-C., \u00E9poque o\u00F9 ils furent remplac\u00E9s par les indo-parthes lesquels fond\u00E8rent leur propre royaume."@fr . . . . . . . . . "Indo-Skythische Dynastie"@de . . . . "Indoskythov\u00E9 jsou v\u011Btv\u00ED \u0160ak\u016F (Skyth\u016F), kte\u0159\u00ED zhruba od 2. stolet\u00ED p\u0159. n. l. do 4. stolet\u00ED migrovali z ji\u017En\u00ED Sibi\u0159e do Baktrie, Sogdiany, Arach\u00F3sie, Gandh\u00E1ry, Ka\u0161m\u00EDru, Pa\u0148d\u017E\u00E1bu a do z\u00E1padn\u00EDch \u010D\u00E1st\u00ED centr\u00E1ln\u00ED Asie. Po vp\u00E1du do Gandh\u00E1ry se v\u016Fbec prvn\u00EDm kr\u00E1lem Indoskyth\u016F stal Maues, kter\u00FD postupn\u011B vybudoval \u0159\u00ED\u0161i zab\u00EDraj\u00EDc\u00ED rozs\u00E1hl\u00E9 \u00FAzem\u00ED na severoz\u00E1pad\u011B Indick\u00E9ho subkontinentu. Vl\u00E1da Indoskyth\u016F v Indii definitivn\u011B skon\u010Dila se smrt\u00ED posledn\u00EDho kr\u00E1le Z\u00E1padn\u00EDch k\u0161atrap\u016F."@cs . . . . . . . "Paratarajas"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "2600000"^^ . . . . "\u30A4\u30F3\u30C9\u30FB\u30B9\u30AD\u30BF\u30A4\u738B\u56FD\uFF08\u30A4\u30F3\u30C9\u30FB\u30B9\u30AD\u30BF\u30A4\u304A\u3046\u3053\u304F\u3001\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1AIndo-Scythian Kingdom\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u7D00\u5143\u524D1\u4E16\u7D00\u306E\u897F\u5317\u30A4\u30F3\u30C9\u306B\u8208\u3063\u305F\u30B9\u30AD\u30BF\u30A4\u7CFB\u306E\u30B5\u30AB\u4EBA\u306B\u3088\u308B\u8AF8\u738B\u671D\u3002\u30A4\u30F3\u30C9\u30FB\u30B9\u30AD\u30BF\u30A4\u671D\u3001\u30A4\u30F3\u30C9\u30FB\u30B5\u30AB\u738B\u671D\u3001\u30B5\u30AB\u738B\u671D\u3001\u30B5\u30AB\u738B\u56FD\u3068\u3082\u3044\u3046\u3002\u30A4\u30F3\u30C9\u30FB\u30B0\u30EA\u30FC\u30AF\u671D\u306E\u6587\u5316\u3092\u53D7\u3051\u7D99\u304E\u3001\u591A\u304F\u306E\u30B3\u30A4\u30F3\u3092\u6B8B\u3057\u305F\u3002"@ja . . . . . . . . . "Pali ,"@en . . . . . . . "\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u0648\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u062B\u064A\u0648\u0646"@ar . "Map of the Indo-Scythians.png"@en . . . . . . "839407"^^ . . . "Indo-Scythian Kingdom"@en . . "Hajatria"@en . . "Indo-Scythians (also called Indo-Sakas) were a group of nomadic Iranian peoples of Scythian origin who migrated from Central Asia southward into modern day Pakistan and North Western India from the middle of the 2nd century BCE to the 4th century CE. The first Saka king of India was Maues/Moga (1st century BCE) who established Saka power in Gandhara,Pakistan and Indus Valley. The Indo-Scythians extended their supremacy over north-western India, conquering the Indo-Greeks and other local kingdoms. The Indo-Scythians were apparently subjugated by the Kushan Empire, by either Kujula Kadphises or Kanishka. Yet the Saka continued to govern as satrapies, forming the Northern Satraps and Western Satraps. The power of the Saka rulers started to decline in the 2nd century CE after the Indo-Scythians were defeated by the Satavahana emperor Gautamiputra Satakarni. Indo-Scythian rule in the northwestern Indian subcontinent ceased when the last Western Satrap Rudrasimha III was defeated by the Gupta emperor Chandragupta II in 395 CE. The invasion of northern regions of the Indian subcontinent by Scythian tribes from Central Asia, often referred to as the Indo-Scythian invasion, played a significant part in the history of the Indian subcontinent as well as nearby countries. In fact, the Indo-Scythian war is just one chapter in the events triggered by the nomadic flight of Central Asians from conflict with tribes such as the Xiongnu in the 2nd century CE, which had lasting effects on Bactria, Kabul, and the Indian subcontinent as well as far-off Rome in the west, and more nearby to the west in Parthia. Ancient Roman historians, including Arrian and Claudius Ptolemy, have mentioned that the ancient Sakas (\"Sakai\") were nomadic people. However, Italo Ronca, in his detailed study of Ptolemy's chapter vi, states: \"The land of the Sakai belongs to nomads, they have no towns but dwell in forests and caves\" as spurious."@en . . . . . . . . "\u0418\u043D\u0434\u043E-\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0444\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0435 \u0446\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E (\u0438\u043D\u0430\u0447\u0435 \u0418\u043D\u0434\u043E-\u0421\u043A\u0438\u0444\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0435 \u0446\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E) \u2014 \u0430\u043C\u043E\u0440\u0444\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u0432 \u043F\u043B\u0430\u043D\u0435 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0446 \u0433\u043E\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E, \u0441\u043E\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u0432 \u044D\u043F\u043E\u0445\u0443 \u044D\u043B\u043B\u0438\u043D\u0438\u0437\u043C\u0430 \u043D\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0411\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0438, \u0421\u043E\u0433\u0434\u0438\u0430\u043D\u044B, \u0410\u0440\u0430\u0445\u043E\u0441\u0438\u0438, \u0413\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0445\u0430\u0440\u044B, \u041A\u0430\u0448\u043C\u0438\u0440\u0430, \u041F\u0435\u043D\u0434\u0436\u0430\u0431\u0430, \u0420\u0430\u0434\u0436\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0445\u0430\u043D\u0430 \u0438 \u0413\u0443\u0434\u0436\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0432\u043E\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0442\u0432\u044C\u044E \u043A\u043E\u0447\u0435\u0432\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u043B\u0435\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0438 \u0441\u043A\u0438\u0444\u043E\u0432 \u2014 \u0441\u0430\u043A\u0430\u043C\u0438."@ru . . "Indo-Cita"@pt . . . . . . . . . . . . "Indo-eszitiarrak edo indo-sakak (pehlevieraz: Sak\u0101\u200E; persieraz/paxtuneraz: \u0633\u0627\u06A9\u0627\u200E; sanskritoz: \u0936\u0915, \u015Aaka; antzinako grezieraz: \u03A3\u03AC\u03BA\u03B1\u03B9; latinez: Sac\u00E6; txinera tradizionalez: \u585E; pinyinez: S\u0101i), pehlevieraz eta sanskritoz, saka edo eszitiar jatorriko zenbait herri izendatzeko erabilitako termino bat da. Hauek ekialdeko irandar herrien multzo garrantzitsu bat osatzen zuten, eurasiar estepako tribu nomada bezala antolatzen zirenak. Hegoaldeko Asiako lehen indo-eszitiar errege ospetsua (k.a. I. mendea) izan zen, Indus haraneko Gandharan bere hiriburua ezarri zuena. Indo-eszitiarrak ipar-mendebaldeko Indiatik zabaldu ziren, indo-greziarrak eta besteak menderatuz. Kusan Inperioak, edo erregeek, mendean hartu zituzten baina oraindik satraperri batzuk mantendu zituzten. II. mendean satavahana leinukoak mendean hartu zituenean, bere gainbehera hasi zen. Hala ere, 395. urtean Chandragupta II.ak azken indo-eszitiar satrapa menderatu zuen."@eu . . . . . . . . . .